Volume 05 - Surface Engineering Part 16 pdf

Metal Finishing Guidebook and Directory,Proceedings of the 5th Automotive Corrosion and Prevention Conference, Table 1 Impact of cadmium exposure levels on worker health Cadmium TWA PEL

Metal Finishing Guidebook and Directory,

Proceedings of the 5th Automotive Corrosion and Prevention Conference,

Table 1 Impact of cadmium exposure levels on worker health

Cadmium

TWA PEL (a)

Effective dates

Excess lung cancer rate per 1000 workers (b)

Excess kidney dysfunction rate per 1000 workers (b)

μ

μ

μ μ

μ

Table 2 Federal environmental laws that affect cadmium use, emission, and waste disposal

Code of Federal Regulations,

An Ounce of Toxic Pollution Prevention,

Pollution Prevention Review,

Occupational Exposure to Cadmium,

EPA Title III: List of Lists,

New Jersey Register, Commerce Business Daily,

Table 3 Cadmium coating specifications

Specification Title

General plating

Plating to minimize potential substrate embrittlement

Caution: Replacing coatings inherently creates performance risks that must be evaluated and accepted by qualified engineers before any coating or material change is implemented

Table 4 Cadmium replacement identification matrix

Cadmium

replacement

Specifications Corrosion

control performance

Environment- assisted cracking

Coating lubricity

Environmental/

worker health regulations

Cost/

performance factors

μ μ

Better:

Comparable:

Worse

Worse

ASM Handbook

μ

Caution: Failure to evaluate cadmium replacements applied to high-strength steels could result in

catastrophic component failures.

less

Proceedings of the 5th Automotive Corrosion and Prevention Conference,

EPA Title III: List of Lists,

Commerce Business Daily,

Proceedings of the 5th Automotive Corrosion and Prevention Conference,

Corrosion, ASM Handbook,

Corrosion, ASM Handbook,

Handbook,

Seventh Annual Aerospace Hazardous Materials Management Conference,

ASTM Standardization News,

Standard Handbook of Fastening and Joining,

Proceedings of the 6th Automotive Corrosion and Prevention Conference,

Products Finishing,

Occupational Health and Safety News, 1 April 1994

Table 1 Plate characteristics of hard chromium plating and prospective alternative processes

Characteristic Chromium

electrodeposition

phosphorus electroless nickel (generic)

Low-Ni-W-B electrodeposition (Amplate)

Ni-W-SiC electrodeposition (Takada)

Plasma spray (general)

velocity oxyfuel (general)

Cobalt-Nickel- chromium-

Chromium carbide-

Iron-nickel-

cobalt nickel-tungsten molybdenum Nichrome chromium

Table 3 Coating characteristics of chromate conversion coating and prospective alternative processes

Characteristic Chromate

conversion coating

Cobalt/

molybdenum-base coating

Oxide layer growth coating

Sulfuric acid boric acid anodizing

Ω

Table 4 Emergent alternative conversion coat technologies

Hot Tank Systems

Dip Tank Systems

Ultrafiltration

μ

Topcoat

Flight test coating

Impact-resistant coating

Maskant for chemical milling

Fuel tank coating

Table 1 Maximum allowable volatile organic compound contents

The anode dipping process

V

electrophoresis

Ω

Table 1 U.S regulations related to curtailment in the use of solvent materials

schedule

Table 2 Compositions of MIL-C-38736 wipe solvent cleaners

Solvent Concentration,%

Type I

Type II (nonphotochemically reactive) (a)

Table 3 Characteristics of isoparaffins

Flash point

Distillation range

Vapor pressure (c)

Commercial

name (a)

Evaporation rate (b)

kPa mm Hg

d α α

Table 4 Characteristics of perfluorocarbons

Boiling point

Vapor pressure (b)

Commercial

name (a)

Chemical name

Flash point

°C °F kPa mm Hg

N

Table 5 Combination wipe solvent cleaners

Flash point

Vapor pressure (c) Formulation (a)

°C °F

Evaporation rate (b)

kPa mm Hg

Table 6 Tests for wipe solvent cleaners

Attribute Test method

The cleaning efficiency

Table 7 Standard contaminant for testing the cleaning efficiency of wipe solvent cleaners

Ingredient Parts by weight

The corrosion potential

Vapor pressure

i i i i j

VP W MW VP

abrasive flow machining

abrasive jet machining

adsorption

aerated bath nitriding

AFS 50-70 test sand

anionic detergent anneal to temper

anode

anode corrosion anode film

anodic cleaning anodic coating

anodic etching

anodic inhibitor

anodic pickling

ball milling

bark

cathode film

cathodic cleaning cathodic corrosion

cathodic disbondment

cathodic pickling cathodic protection

caustic dip

cavitation

cavitation corrosion cavitation erosion

cell

critical current density

critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC)

cross rolling

cure

current density current efficiency

curing temperature curtain coating

deep etching

defect

deflocculating degreasing

delayed fishscaling delta iron

disbondment disk grinding

dispersant additive dispersing agent dispersion

dissolution etching divided cell

dry etching

drying cracks

drying oil

dry process enameling

dry-sand rubber wheel test

dry sliding wear

electrical discharge grinding

electrical discharge machining (EDM)

electrochemical discharge machining

electrochemical machining (ECM)

electrolytic pickling electrolytic polishing

electromotive series electron-beam curing

electron-beam radiation electrophoresis

fine grinding fineness of enamel

forged structure form grinding Formvar replica

free cyanide

fretting

fretting corrosion

fretting wear friction

highly deformed layer

lumps

luster finish

oxide film replica

oxidized steel surface

plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition

plasma ion deposition

scanning Auger microscopy (SAM)

scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

scanning laser acoustic microscopy (SLAM)

scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)

sealed (anodic) coating

sealing of anodic coating

sensitizing heat treatment

sequestration and chelation

serial sectioning

set

setting-up agent

severe wear

shotblasting

shot peening

smelt

smut

soak cleaning soil

static coefficient of friction

static electrode potential

surface integrity

surface modification

Ac 3

AC cm

Ae

Ae cm , Ae 1 , Ae 3 AEM

B

B

bal

BARE bcc

CI

CLA

cm

CMA CMOS CNC

cP CSOM cSt CTE CVD CVI CVN

cw

d

d

D da/dN

dB

DB DBT

dc dhcp diam DIBS DIN DLC

dL/dX

dpa DPH

e

E

EAW

EB EBM

Ec E/C ECCS ECD ECM ECP ECR

Ed EDM EDS EDX EDXA EEC EELS EHD EHL ELI emf

EP EPA EPMA

Eq ESCA ESD ESR

et al ETP

eV exp

f

F

F

FAA FBC fcc FCC fct FEA Fig

ft FTIR

g

g

G gal

gf GPa GTA

h

H

H

HAIM HAZ

HB hcp HCT HDPE HERF HIP

HK

hp

HR HREM HRMF HSLA HSS

HV HVOF

Hz

I

IBAD

IC ICB

ID

in

IP

IR ISCC ISO ISS

J

J

LPCVD LSI

LT

m

m

mA MAS MBE

mc MCM MEP MeV

M f MFP

mg

Mg MID MIG min

mL

mm MMC MOCVD

mp mPa MPa mpg mph

MRR

ms

M s

MS MSA MSDS

mT

mV

MV MVVA

N

N

NASA NBS NCCA NDE

NF NIST

Pe PECVD PEM PES PFPE PGM

pH

PH PLD P/M PMMA POP ppb ppba ppm

ppmm ppt psi psia psig PSII PSZ PTFE PTH PVC PVD PWB QWP

RE Ref

rf

RH RHEED RIBAD RIP rms rpm

Rq

RS

RT RTP

SE SEM sfm SHE

SI SIMS SIP SLAM SMA SMAW SPC SPE

sp gr

SPL SRM

ST STA std STEM STLE STM SUS SWE

Sv SZM

t

T

T

Tc TEM TFS TFT TGA TGS TIG TLA TLV

Tm

TR TRS TSCA tsi

TSM TTT UHDPE UHMWPE UHV UNS UTS

v

V

V

VAR VHN

VI

VIM-VAR VOC vol

vol% VPE

w

W

W

WDS WPC WRP wt% XPS

XRD XRF

XTEM

Y

YAG

yr ZTA

%

Scotch-Brite and Scotch-Weld Super D-Gun

Taber Abraser

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