Appendix E Conditional forms in the English language Sample sentences Zero conditional If the studio light is red, they’re recording.. Third conditional If you had paid earlier, you woul
Trang 1Use “a” or “an” Use “the”
Don’t Use “a,” “an,” or
“the”
Names of
Countries
Non-specific
• a country
Use “the” if the name
of the country is plural
or indicates a group (of states, islands, etc.)
• the United States
• the Netherlands
• the United Kingdom
Don’t use “a,” “an,” or
“the” for other countries, e.g.,
• Russia
• South Africa
• Holland
• Canada
• England
Names of
Continents
Non-specific
• a continent
Don’t use “a,” “an,” or
“the” before the names
of continents
• Asia
• Europe
• Australia
Names of
Some
Geographica
l Areas
Use “the”
• the South Pole
• the South
• the Middle East
Don’t use “a,” “an,” or
“the”
• Western Europe
Names of
Cities and
States
Non-specific
• a city
• a state
• the Hague
Don’t use “a,” “an,” or
“the”
• London
• Paris
• Beijing
Names of
• the Champs Elysées
Don’t use “a,” “an,” or
“the”
• Belgrave Street
• Fifth Avenue
Names of
Oceans,
Rivers, Seas,
Deserts,
Forests,
Canals
Use a/an for
non-specific
• an ocean
• a canal
• a sea
• a desert
Use “the”
• the Indian Ocean
• the North Sea
• the Suez Canal
• the Sahara Appendix D The use of the articles a/an/the/ zero (no) article 165
Trang 2Use “a” or “an” Use “the”
Don’t Use “a,” “an,” or
“the”
Names of
Lakes
Non-specific
• a lake
Don’t use “a,” “an,” or
“the”
• Lake Michigan
• Lake Geneva
166 Appendix D The use of the articles a/an/the/ zero (no) article
Trang 3Appendix E Conditional forms in the English language
Sample sentences
Zero conditional
If the studio light is red, they’re recording
First conditional
If the job is not completed within three months, a penalty clause will come into effect Second conditional
If we had more time, it would be a lot easier
Third conditional
If you had paid earlier, you wouldn’t have paid interest on the debt
Mixed conditional (third + second)
If he had let us know about his difficulties earlier, he wouldn’t be in this situation now Grammatical structure
Zero conditional
Example
If + present tense
If we have it in writing,
present tense it’s legally binding
First conditional
Example
If + present tense
If we meet this deadline,
future form we’ll get further business from this client
Second conditional
Example
If + past simple/continuous tense
If we had more people working on it,
would/could/should/ought to/must + infinitive
we could get it finished by the 5th
Third conditional
Example
If + past perfect
If we’d sent the reminder earlier,
would/could/should/ought to/must+ have + past participle
we could have avoided this problem
Trang 4Type of conditional If clause Main clause
Mixed conditional
(third + second)
Example
If + past perfect
If we’d checked the proofs more carefully,
would/could/should/ought to/must + infinitive there wouldn’t be so many mistakes in the article Polite phrase using a
conditional form in the if
clause
Example
If + would + infinitive
If you would like to take a seat,
future form
I’ll tell Mr Blanco you’re here
168 Appendix E Conditional forms in the English language
Trang 51 Communicating with clarity KEY
䊏 Task 1
1 NS – the sentence makes no sense because you cannot use lubrication oil (engine oil) for cooking purposes
2 S
3 NS – there is no main verb
4 NS – there is no subject
5 S
6 S
7 S
8 NS – there is no subject and no main verb – the expression is just hanging in thin air
9 NS – there is no main verb
10 S
䊏 Task 2 Suggested answer
In the US, teachers need to publish before they are promoted.
䊏 Task 3 Suggested answer
There are three reasons why exercise is good for you First, it keeps you fit and can help to keep your weight down Second, it keeps you healthy and can reduce the likelihood of having heart problems Finally, it can help to keep stress levels down and has been known to relieve depression In conclusion, everyone should do some form
of regular exercise.
䊏 Task 4
1 Although/While
2 Firstly
3 Consequently
4 also
5 In contrast