CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology phần 1 pdf

CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and TerminologySection 4: The cdmaOne Physical Layer Section 4: The cdmaOne Physical Layer .... CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Term

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CDMA 120

cdma university

CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology

Student Guide

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QUALCOMM£is a registered trademark and service mark of QUALCOMM Incorporated.

All other names are the property of their respective owners

Export of this technology may be controlled by the United States Government

Diversion contrary to U.S law prohibited

Material Use Restrictions

These written materials are to be used only in conjunction with the associated instructor-ledclass They are not intended to be used solely as reference material

No part of these written materials may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoeverwithout the written permission of QUALCOMM Incorporated

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–Industry Standards –Infrastructure Design –Voice Quality

–System Design

–Network Planning –Network Optimization –Test Engineering –Training

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Table of Contents

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Example CDMA Network Architecture 2-12

The “Cellular” Concept and “Sectors” 2-13

cdmaOne Overview and Terminology 2-15

A/D 2-17

Error Detection Codes 2-18

Spread Spectrum Techniques 2-20

Binary Phase Shift Keying 2-23

QPSK 2-24

OQPSK 2-25

Analog and RF Concepts 2-26

Radio Channel Characteristics 2-28

Coherent / Non-Coherent Detection 2-29

Signal-to-Noise Ratio 2-30

Correlation 2-31

Eb/N0 2-32

Applications for cdmaOne 2-33

U.S Cellular Frequency Allocations 2-34

The Cellular CDMA Channel 2-35

U.S PCS Frequency Allocations 2-37

The PCS CDMA Channel 2-38

Fixed Wireless (Wireless Local Loop) 2-40

Section Review 2-41

Comments/Notes 2-42

Section 3: Codes in cdmaOne

Section 3: Codes in cdmaOne 3-1

Section Introduction 3-2

AND Function 3-4

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Section 4: The cdmaOne Physical Layer

Section 4: The cdmaOne Physical Layer 4-1

CDMA Channel Generation 4-3

Forward Link Channels 4-4

Pilot Channel 4-6

Sync Channel 4-7

Paging Channel 4-8

Forward Traffic Channel 4-9

Medium Data Rate Option Overview 4-12

Reverse Link Channels 4-13

Reverse Traffic Channel 4-15

Access Channel 4-16

Section Review 4-17

Comments/Notes 4-18

Section 5: Attributes and Techniques of CDMA

Section 5: Attributes and Techniques of CDMA 5-1

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Section Review 5-27

Comments/Notes 5-28

Section 6: Call Processing and Registration

Section 6: Call Processing and Registration 6-1

Overview of Call Processing 6-3

Initialization State 6-4

Idle State 6-6

Access Channel Processing 6-7

Traffic Channel Message Structure 6-8

Determining Mobile Location 6-9

Section 7: cdmaOne Handoffs

Section 7: cdmaOne Handoffs 7-1

Types of CDMA Handoffs 7-3

Idle Handoffs 7-4

Access Handoffs 7-5

Traffic Channel Handoffs 7-6

The Pilot Searching Process 7-10

Handoff Signaling 7-14

Section Review 7-16

Comments/Notes 7-17

Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview

Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview 8-1

What is Third Generation? 8-3

3rd Generation Standards 8-4

CDMA2000 8-5

CDMA2000 1x Voice Capacity 8-6

CDMA2000 Physical Layer 8-7

Spreading Rate 1 and Spreading Rate 3 8-8

Physical and Logical Channels 8-9

CDMA2000 Logical Channel Naming 8-10

CDMA2000 Physical Channel Naming 8-11

CDMA2000 Logical to Physical Channel Mapping 8-12

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Available Forward Link Code Channels 8-13

Radio Configurations (RC) 8-14

Forward Link Radio Configurations 8-15

Reverse Link Radio Configurations 8-16

Dedicated Channels and Standard Services 8-17

RL Closed Loop Power Control 8-18

Forward Link Fast Power Control 8-19

Forward Link Physical Layer Key Characteristics 8-28

New Common Channels 8-29

Why New Forward Common Channels? 8-30

New Common Channels Structure 8-31

Backward-Compatible Forward Link Code Channels 8-32

New Forward Link Common Channels 8-33

New Forward Link Dedicated Channels 8-34

Forward Link Operation 8-35

Reverse Link Characteristics 8-36

Reverse Link Channels 8-38

Reverse Common and Dedicated Channels 8-39

Illustration of Reverse Link Operation 8-40

Data Multiplexing 8-41

Access Channel Procedures 8-42

What is 1xEV-DO? 8-43

1xEV-DO Is Data Optimized 8-44

1xEV-DO Data Rates 8-45

Co-located 1xEV-DO and CDMA2000 1x/IS-95 Carriers 8-46

1xEV-DO and IS-2000 Family Overlay 8-47

Comparison of Forward Links 1x vs 1xEV-DO 8-48

Forward Link Slot Structure 8-49

Section Review 8-50

Comments/Notes 8-51

Section 9: Course Summary

Section 9: Course Summary 9-1

Comments/Notes 9-3

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Section 1: Introduction

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CDMA 120 Section 1-1

MMT98010118B-rev.emf

CDMA2000

and

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Background Codes in CDMA Physical Layer Attributes and Techniques

of CDMA cdmaOne Call Processing

and Registration cdmaOne Handoffs CDMA2000 Overview Course Summary

This course is designed to give you a basic foundation in CDMA wireless communications

It presents an overview of the concepts and terminology related to cdmaOne technology as well as

an overview of CDMA2000 technology

Topics discussed include basic analog/RF and digital concepts, spread spectrum techniques,

cdmaOne standards, orthogonal and pseudorandom codes, the cdmaOne physical layer, attributesand techniques employed in CDMA systems, cdmaOne call processing and registration, and

handoffs in cdmaOne systems

Section 1: Course Introduction

This section provides an overview of the entire course with overall learning objectives for eachsection

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cdma university Course Overview (continued)

Section 3: Codes In CDMA

This section describes the codes used in generating the cdmaOne signals Pseudorandom Noisecodes and orthogonal (Walsh) codes are defined and discussed

Section 4: Physical Layer

This section describes the processes involved in the generation of the cdmaOne waveforms andsome of the rationale for the design of those waveforms

Section 5: Attributes and Techniques of CDMA

This section provides a detailed discussion of the attributes and techniques of CDMA systems ingeneral Power control, Reverse link capacity calculations, handoff techniques, rake receivers andvariable rate vocoders are among the topics covered in this section

Section 6: cdmaOne Call Processing and Registration

This section describes the call processing and registration processes supported by cdmaOne

systems

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cdma university Course Overview (continued)

Section 7: cdmaOne Handoffs

This section describes the handoffs supported in a cdmaOne system and the signaling involved inthe control of handoffs The discussion covers several kinds of handoffs, including “idle,”

“access,” “soft,” “softer,” and “hard.” In addition, the pilot searching process is briefly discussed

Section 8: CDMA2000 Overview

This section provides an overview of CDMA2000 based on the concepts covered in the discussion

of cdmaOne The overview includes a discussion of new common and dedicated channels, transmitdiversity, radio configurations, quasi-orthogonal functions, handoffs, and power control as well as

a brief discussion of 1xEV-DO high-speed wireless packet data technology

Section 9: Course Summary

This section summarizes what you have learned about cdmaOne and CDMA2000

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Recommended Reading List

z Voice/Data Telecommunication Systems, An introduction to Technology, by Michael

Gurrie & Patrick J O’Connor (ISBN 0-13-943283-3, Prentice Hall Publishing Co.)

z Simplified Cellular, by Dennis Bishop (ISBN 1-880008-00-9, Bishop & Assoc Inc.)

z Anatomy of Telecommunications, by Tom Smith (ISBN 1-56016-022-5, abc TeleTraining

Inc.)

z The Business One Irwin Handbook of Telecommunications, by James Harry Green (ISBN

1-55623-333-7, Business One Irwin Publishing Co.)

z Networks, by Timothy Ramteke (ISBN 0-13-958059-X, Prentice Hall Publishing Co.)

z IS-95 CDMA and cdma2000, by Vijay Garg (ISBN 0-13-087112-5, Prentice-Hall

Publishing Co.)

z The Cellular Radio Handbook, 3rdEd., by Neil J Boucher

(ISBN 0-930633-16-4, Quantum Publishing Co.)

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cdma university Recommended Reading List (continued)

z Electronic Communication Systems, 3rdEd., by Kennedy

(ISBN 0-07-034054-4, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.)

z Basic Electronic Communication, by Roy Blake (ISBN 0-314-01200-1 West

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Comments/Notes

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Comments/Notes

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Section 2: Background

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FREQ

UENCY

FREQ

UENCY

POWER

FDMA

TDMA

CDMA

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Section Learning Objectives

After completing this section, you will have a fundamental understanding of a cdmaOne systemand be able to:

z Define the term cdmaOne

z List the key standards that govern the operation of cdmaOne systems

z Define the primary Multiple Access techniques employed today: FDMA, TDMA, and

CDMA

z Describe the architecture of a CDMA wireless mobile communications network

z List the fundamental processing steps in the modulation of a digital spread spectrum signal

z Define the term “Fast Fading.”

z Describe the allocations of cellular and PCS spectrum in the United States

z Describe applications of cdmaOne systems

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MMT98010118Ag.eps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

The frequency spectrum, in a practical sense, is a finite resource To effectively support a largenumber of users, some technique for sharing the spectrum is required to minimize mutual

interference Several common techniques have focused on the use of directional antennas to

carefully restrict propagation, the use of separate frequency slots, or time sharing Code DivisionMultiple Access (CDMA) is a digital technique for sharing the frequency spectrum CDMA isbased on proven Spread Spectrum communications technology There are several CDMA

implementations that are currently deployed or under development The first commercial and mostwidely deployed CDMA implementation is cdmaOne

cdmaOne

The foundation of cdmaOne is the TIA/EIA IS-95 standard The term cdmaOne is intended torepresent the end-to-end wireless system and all of the necessary specifications that govern itsoperation cdmaOne technology provides a family of related services including cellular, PCS, andfixed wireless (Wireless Local Loop) cdmaOneTMis a trademark of the CDMA DevelopmentGroup (CDG)

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IS-95A

Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard forDual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System

• Requirements for Mobile Station: Analog & CDMA

• Requirements for Base Station: Analog & CDMA

• Requirements for Base Station: Analog Options

• Message Encryption & Voice Privacy

• CDMA Call Flow

• CDMA System Layering

• CDMA Constants

• CDMA Retrievable & Settable Parameters

• Mobile Station Database

MMT98010119Ag.emf

IS-95 and IS-95A

IS-95 was first published in July of 1993 IS-95 is the first CDMA protocol and is, therefore,

Protocol Revision 1 The IS-95A revision was published in May of 1995 and is referred to as

Protocol Revision 2

The technical requirements specified in IS-95A define a compatibility standard for wideband

spread spectrum cellular mobile telecommunications They ensure that a mobile station can obtainservice in any cellular system manufactured according to this standard IS-95A does not addressthe quality or reliability of the system Additionally, many areas of operation are not fully specified

if they do not impact compatibility

To ensure compatibility, both the radio interface and call processing protocols are specified TheBase Station is subject to fewer compatibility requirements than the subscriber stations

IS-95A describes the generation of the channels, power control, call processing, handoffs, andregistration techniques for cellular system operation

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IS-95A

Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard forDual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System

• Requirements for Mobile Station: Analog & CDMA

• Requirements for Base Station: Analog & CDMA

• Requirements for Base Station: Analog Options

• CDMA Call Flow

• CDMA System Layering

• CDMA Constants

• Mobile Station Database

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• Requirements for PCS Operation

• Requirements for Base Station CDMA Operation

• CDMA Call Flow

• Protocol Layering

• CDMA Constants

• Personal Station Database

reliability of the service J-STD-008 was published in 1995

The specification is substantially the same as the system defined by IS-95A Improvements insignaling and the inclusion of Rate Set 2 frame formats are some of the variances from the

IS-95A specification The specification includes provisions for future service additions and

expansion of system capabilities

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