4 To me, the question isn’t whether schools should have dress codes, because in my opinion, there are many good reasons for that, but the question is how these dress codes should be deve
Trang 1Improving Sentences
In each of the questions below, part or all of the
sen-tence is underlined The underlined text may contain
an error in sentence construction, grammar, word
choice, or punctuation Choice a repeats the original
underlined text If there is no error in the underlined
portion, choose a If there is an error, select the answer
choice that most effectively expresses the meaning of
the sentence without any ambiguity or awkwardness
20 According to a recent survey, 62% of Americans
use some form of alternative medicine;
significantly more than the previous decade
a medicine; significantly more than the previous
decade
b medicine, a significant increase over numbers
from the previous decade
c medicine, which is a significant increase over
the previous decade
d medicine, which, compared to the previous
decade, is a significant increase in number
e medicine, previously in the last decade the
numbers were much higher
21 Nowadays, standard identification tags can be
replaced by microchips implanted under a pet’s skin; these high-tech devices contain an owner’s contact information, making it easier than ever
to find lost animals
a Nowadays, standard identification tags can be
replaced by microchips implanted under a pet’s skin;
b In today’s day and age, standard pet
identifica-tion tags can be replaced by microchips implanted under a pet’s skin;
c Nowadays, microchips implanted under the
skin of a pet can replace standard pet identifi-cation tags,
22 Internet search engines are revolutionary in their
capacity to provide a free service to users, also offering targeted, low-key advertisements that assist users in their search
a also offering targeted, low-key advertisements
that assist users in their search
b while offering targeted, low-key
advertise-ments that assist users in their search
c while, offering advertisements that are low key
and targeted to assist users in their search
d while they offer targeted advertisements that
are low key and assist users in finding what they’re looking for
e as well as offing targeted, low-key
advertise-ments to help users find things
23 Cryptography, the art or science of keeping
messages secret, which is increasingly important
in today’s age of information technology, was developed in or around 1900 B.C
a Cryptography, the art or science of keeping
messages secret, which is increasingly impor-tant in today’s age of information technology, was developed in or around 1900 B.C
b Developed long ago, as early as 1900 B.C., cryptography, which is the art or science of keeping messages secret, is increasingly important in this day and age of information technology
c While it is increasingly important in today’s
era of information technology, cryptography, which was developed in 1900 B.C., is the art or science of keeping messages secret
d The art or science of keeping messages secret,
cryptography was developed as early as 1900
B.C., yet it is increasingly important in the age
of information technology
e Developed as early as 1900 B.C., cryptography,
Trang 224 Black holes are masses of infinitely dense matter
that attract and pull in other matter, although white holes are infinite sources of mass that continually pour forth matter
a although white holes are infinite sources of
mass that continually pour forth matter
b while white holes are infinite sources of mass
that continually pour forth matter
c likewise white holes, which are infinite sources
of mass, continually pour forth matter
d since those that continually pour forth matter
and are infinite sources of mass, white holes
e matter that is continually poured forth from
an infinite source of mass is called a white hole
25 Formally known as sleep apnea, more than 12
million Americans suffer from this serious but treatable condition
a Formally known as sleep apnea, more than 12
million Americans suffer from this serious but treatable condition
b Formally being known as sleep apnea, more
than 12 million Americans suffer from this serious but treatable condition
c More than 12 million Americans, who suffer
from the serious but treatable disease known
as sleep apnea
d Formally, it is known as sleep apnea, and more
than 12 million Americans are known to suf-fer from it
e More than 12 million Americans suffer from
the serious but treatable condition formally known as sleep apnea
26 Ernest Hemingway’s novel For Whom the Bell
Tolls takes its title from John Donne’s 1623 Meditation XVII, “No Man Is an Island.”
a Ernest Hemingway’s novel For Whom the Bell
Tolls takes its title from John Donne’s 1623 Meditation XVII, “No Man Is an Island.”
b The novel of Ernest Hemingway titled For
Whom the Bell Tolls takes that title from John
Donne’s 1623 Meditation XVII, called “No
Man Is an Island.”
c For his novel For Whom the Bell Tolls, Ernest
Hemingway used the title he found in John
Donne’s 1623 Meditation XVII, “No Man Is an
Island.”
d In Ernest Hemingway’s novel For Whom the
Bell Tolls, its title being taken from “No Man Is
an Island,” of John Donne’s 1623 Meditation
XVII.
e For Whom the Bell Tolls is a novel by Ernest
Hemingway which takes its title from the 1623
Meditation XVII “No Man Is an Island” by
John Donne
27 The first interspecies transplant is believed to
have been completed in the early 1800s, when scientists grafted the tail of a rat onto the comb
of a rooster
a when scientists grafted the tail of a rat onto
the comb of a rooster
b with the grafting of the tail of a rat onto the
comb of a rooster by scientists
c when scientists, with the tail of a rat, grafted it
onto the comb of a rooster
d scientists had grafted the tail of a rat onto the
comb of a rooster
e thus, the tail of a rat had been grafted onto a
rooster’s comb
Trang 328 Seated high in the amphitheater, ancient Greek
actors wore masks so that audience members could see their facial expressions
a Seated high in the amphitheater, ancient
Greek actors wore masks so that audience members could see their facial expressions
b Being seated high in the amphitheater, ancient
Greek actors wore masks so that audience members could see their facial expressions
c Ancient Greek actors wore masks so that
audi-ence members, seated high in the amphithe-ater, could see their facial expressions
d Ancient Greek actors wore masks so that
audi-ence members could see their facial expres-sions, seated high in the amphitheater
e Seated high in the amphitheater, the audience
members could see the facial expressions of the ancient Greek actors, who wore masks
29 “Bloody Sunday” refers to two different historical
events: the 1905 massacre of hundreds of civil-ians engaged in a peaceful march in St Peters-burg, Russia, whereas in 1972, in Derry, Ireland, British soldiers killed 13 peaceful demonstrators
a whereas in 1972, in Derry, Ireland, British
sol-diers killed 13 peaceful demonstrators
b and the 1972 killing by British soldiers of 13
peaceful demonstrators in Derry, Ireland
c but in 1972, there were 13 peaceful
demon-strators killed by British soldiers in Derry, Ireland
d in contrast, the 1972 killing by British soldiers
of 13 peaceful demonstrators in Derry, Ireland
e and in 1972, there was the killing by British
soldiers of 13 people who were demonstrating peacefully in Derry, Ireland
30 The numerous side effects of chemotherapy are
a cells, they are unable to distinguish
b cells because unable to distinguish
c cells, which are unable to distinguish
d cells because the chemicals are unable to
distinguish
e cells, which aren’t distinguished
31 Human beings are taller and stronger than 200
years ago; since 1800, the average adult height has increased by 18 inches
a Human beings are taller and stronger than 200
years ago;
b Human being’s are taller and stronger than
200 years ago,
c Humans, being taller and stronger than they
were 200 years ago;
d Human beings are taller and stronger than
they were 200 years ago;
e Being taller and stronger than 200 years ago,
32 Crotalus adamanteus, also known as the
Dia-mondback rattlesnake, can grow up to 72 inches
as an adult, contrary to popular belief, this deadly reptile does not always rattle before strik-ing its prey
a can grow up to 72 inches as an adult, contrary
to popular belief, this deadly reptile does not always rattle before striking its prey
b can grow up to 72 inches as an adult; contrary
to popular belief, this deadly reptile does not always rattle before striking its prey
c can grow up to 72 inches as an adult; contrary to
what is popularly believed, this deadly reptile does not always rattle before striking its prey
d can grow up to 72 inches as an adult, and
although most people believe that this snake has to rattle before it strikes its prey, this deadly reptile does not always need to do this
Trang 4Improving Paragraphs
Questions 33–40 are based on the following passage, a first draft of an essay about student participation in cre-ating school rules Read the passage and answer the questions that follow For each question, choose the answer that will most improve the passage Some questions ask you to choose the best revision of a particular sentence
or pair of sentences Other questions ask you to consider how to best improve the overall organization of the pas-sage In each case, the correct answer is the one that most closely conforms to the conventions of formal writing
(1) Schools that don’t require students to wear uniforms implicitly express a belief that students should
be able to express themselves through their clothing (2) So how come so many schools have dress codes? (3) The reasons include creating an effective learning environment, ensuring the safety and well-being of students, and promoting basic decency (4) To me, the question isn’t whether schools should have dress codes, because in my opinion, there are many good reasons for that, but the question is how these dress codes should be developed
(5) I believe students should be involved in the development of a dress code and that it should be revised or at least reapproved by students on an annual basis (6) Students are more responsible and sen-sible than many adults and administrators realize, in addition they will be more likely to adhere to the dress code if they have a role in creating it (7) Plus there is a sense of autonomy and responsibility both fostered
by this direct participation in rule making (8) As a result, there will also be less disciplinary action (9) In fact, schools should allow students to participate in the creation of many different rules (10) As well as in the punishment for the violation of these rules, too; even in elementary school (11) For example, even kindergarteners could come up with a list of rules for their classroom (12) Including no pushing or name calling, ask before you take something, put things away, and say please and thank you (13) With gentle guidance, the teacher could help them include important safety rules or other things that they forgot (14) Furthermore, parents could do the same at home, allowing children to participate in establishing rules and determine punishments for breaking those rules
Trang 533 In the context of the passage, which of the
fol-lowing is the most effective revision of sentence 4 (reprinted below)?
(4) To me, the question isn’t whether schools should have dress codes, because in my opinion, there are many good reasons for that, but the question, is how these dress codes should be developed.
a To me, the question isn’t whether schools
should have dress codes Because I believe there are many good reasons for that The question is, how should these dress codes be developed?
b Instead of the question being, should schools
have dress codes, since there are good reasons for it; it should be, how should those codes be developed?
c Not asking whether schools should have dress
codes, because they should for good reason do
so, rather, how should we develop those codes?
d Believing there are many good reasons for
dress codes, that’s not the question What is the question is, how should those codes be developed?
e The question isn’t whether schools should
have dress codes, because there are good rea-sons for such policies Rather, the question is how the dress codes should be developed
33 In the context of the passage, which of the
fol-lowing is the most effective revision of sentence 6 (reprinted below)?
(6) Students are more responsible and sensible than many adults and administrators realize, in addition they will be more likely to adhere to the dress code if they have a role in creating it.
a Students are more responsible and sensible
than many adults and administrators realize, because of this, they will be more likely to adhere to the dress code if they have a role in creating it
b Students are more responsible and sensible
than many adults and administrators realize, consequently, they will be more likely to adhere to the dress code if they have a role in creating it
c Students are more responsible and sensible
than many adults and administrators realize; they will be more likely to adhere to the dress code if they have a role in creating it
d Students are more responsible and sensible
than many adults and administrators realize; in addition, they will be more likely to adhere to the dress code if they have a role in creating it
e Students are more responsible and sensible
than many adults and administrators realize Obviously they will be more likely to adhere to the dress code if they have a role in creating it
Trang 635 The revision to sentences 11 and 12 (reprinted
below) that would most improve the essay is
(11) For example, even kindergarteners could come up with a list of rules for their classroom.
(12) Including no pushing or name calling, ask before you take something, put things away, and say please and thank you.
a place sentence 12 before sentence 11.
b connect the sentences with the word and.
c connect the sentences with a comma.
d delete sentence 12.
e eliminate unnecessary wordiness from both
sentences
36 In the context of the essay, which of the following
is the most effective combination of sentences 9 and 10 (reprinted below)?
(9) In fact, schools should allow students to par-ticipate in the creation of many different rules.
(10) As well as in the punishment for the viola-tion of these rules, too; even in elementary school.
a In fact, schools should allow students to
par-ticipate in the creation of many different rules,
as well as in their punishments for the viola-tion of these rules Even in elementary school
b As a matter of fact, schools should allow
stu-dents to participate in creating many different rules and punishing them for breaking those rules, likewise even in elementary school
c Because of this fact, schools, even elementary,
should allow students to participate in making and breaking rules
d In fact, administrators should allow students
to participate in creating rules and determin-ing punishments for breakdetermin-ing those rules—
even at the elementary level
e Rules and the punishments for breaking them
should be determined by participation of stu-dents in schools, even elementary ones
37 Which of the following is the most logical order
of sentences within paragraph 2?
a 5, 6, 7, 8
b 5, 7, 6, 8
c 5, 6, 8, 7
d 6, 7, 8, 5
e 8, 7, 6, 5
38 The best paragraph revision to this essay would
be which of the following?
a Combine paragraphs 1 and 2.
b Start a third paragraph with sentence 6.
c Start a third paragraph with sentence 9.
d Start a third paragraph with sentence 13.
e No change to existing paragraph structure is
necessary
39 Which of the following revisions to sentence 14
would most improve the essay?
a Delete it.
b Move it to the end of the first paragraph.
c Move it to the beginning of the second
paragraph
d Change Furthermore to In contrast.
e Combine sentences 13 and 14.
40 The revision that would make the essay most
persuasive would be to
a provide several specific examples to support
claims in the argument
b discuss opposing views.
c describe the author’s personal experience with
authority
d restate the thesis at the end of the passage.
e make the overall tone and style more formal.