Sample GMAT exam doc

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Sample GMAT exam

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THIS PRODUCT IS INTENDED FOR THE SOLE USE OF THE PURCHASER ANY REPRODUCTION

OF THIS CONTENT WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE GRADUATE MANAGEMENT ADMISSION COUNCIL® IS IN VIOLATION OF COPYRIGHT LAWS

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ABOUT THIS EDITION OF THE GMAT®

This booklet contains the questions that were used to derive scores on the edition of the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT®) with test code 52 If the first two digits of the test code on your answer sheet (item 5

on Side 1) are not 52, please contact ETS to send you the correct booklet to match your answer sheet The answer key follows the test questions This booklet also contains instructions for calculating raw scores

corrected for guessing These are followed by unique tables for converting raw scores to the reported scaled scores for test code 52

In this edition of the GMAT, the following essay and multiple-choice sections contributed to your scores:

Analytical Writing Assessment

Verbal Assessment

Quantitative Assessment

GMAT Total

All six verbal and quantitative sections combined as one score

Section 3 in this edition of the GMAT contained trial or equating questions and does not contribute to your score Questions from this section are not included in this booklet

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Analytical Writing 1 ANALYSIS OF AN ARGUMENT Time—30 minutes

Directions: In this section, you will be asked to write a critique of the argument presented below You are NOT being asked to present

your own views on the subject

Read the argument and the instructions that follow it, and then make any notes in your test booklet that will help you plan your response Begin writing your response on the separate answer sheet Make sure that you use the answer sheet that goes with this writing task

The following appeared in a memorandum to the planning department of an investment firm

“Costs have begun dropping for several types of equipment currently used to convert solar energy into electricity Moreover, some exciting new technologies for converting solar energy are now being researched and developed Hence we can expect that solar energy will soon become more cost efficient and attractive than coal or oil as a source of electrical power We should, therefore, encourage investment in Solario, a new manufacturer of solar-powered products After all, Solario’s chief executive was once on the financial planning team for Ready-to-Ware, a software engineering firm that has shown remarkable growth since its recent

incorporation.”

Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence

in the argument For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion

NOTES Use the space below or on the facing page to plan your response Any writing on these pages will not be evaluated

S T O P

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY

DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST

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Analytical Writing 2 ANALYSIS OF AN ISSUE Time—30 minutes Directions: In this section, you will need to analyze the issue presented below and explain your views on it The question has no

“correct” answer Instead, you should consider various perspectives as you develop your own position on the issue

Read the statement and the instructions that follow it, and then make any notes in your test booklet that will help you plan your response Begin writing your response on the separate answer sheet Make sure that you use the answer sheet that goes with this writing task

“The best strategy for managing a business, or any enterprise, is to find the most capable people and give them as much authority as possible.”

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading

NOTES Use the space below or on the facing page to plan your response Any writing on these pages will not be evaluated

S T O P

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ANSWER Sheet – Test Code 52

Section 1 Section 2 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7

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Numbers: All numbers used are real numbers

Figures: Figures that accompany problems in this section are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that its figure is not drawn to scale All figures lie in

a plane unless otherwise indicated

4 A certain psychologist charges $30 more for the first

hour of therapy than for each additional hour If the total charge to a patient who receives 6 hours of therapy is $300, what is the total charge to a patient who receives only 3 hours of therapy?

1 A study based on a random sample revealed that, on

average, 2 out of 5 adults have high blood pressure

If these results hold true for the 580,000 adults in

City A, approximately how many adults in City A

have high blood pressure?

(A) $120 (A) 116,000

(B) $135 (B) 145,000

(C) $150 (C) 232,000

(D) $165 (D) 250,000

(E) $192 (E) 290,000

9 8 1

4

3and 1

(C) 0 (C) 1 and

4

1

(D) 1 (E) 2 (D)

4

1and

2 1

(E)

2

7 If (x2+6x+9)+6(x+3)+9=0, then x=

3 A certain state legislature consists of 124 members,

each of whom is either a Democrat or a Republican

If there are 18 more Republicans than Democrats,

how many Republicans are in the legislature?

(A) -6 (B) -3 (C) 0 (A) 44

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8 In 1982 and 1983, Company B’s operating expenses

were $12.0 million and $14.0 million, respectively,

and its revenues were $15.6 million and $18.8

million, respectively What was the percent increase

in Company B’s Profit (revenues minus operating

expenses) from 1982 to 1983?

11 Last year 31 percent of Ace Book Company’s sales

revenue came from the sale of novels Of the remaining revenue, 31 was from the sale of biographies The company’s revenue from the sale of novels was approximately how many times its revenue from the sale of biographies?

12 Three musical notes have frequencies x, y, and z,

respectively If x, y, and z are positive, y x = z y, and

2x = z, what is y in terms of x?

9 If a and b are integers and , which of the

following CANNOT equal 0?

0

≠

b

(A) 2x (A) ab

(B) ( )2x (B) a - b

2 1

(D) ab -b2

(D) x

2

1 (E) a2 +b2

32

AC = BD 13 According to the incomplete table above, if each of

the 6 teams in the league played each of the other teams exactly twice and there were no ties, how

many games did team X win? (Only 2 teams play in

a game.)

10 What are the coordinates of point B in the xy-plane

above?

(A) 4 (A) (6, 12)

(B) 5 (B) (6, 28)

(C) 6 (C) (8, 20)

(D) 8 (D) (12, 20)

(E) 10 (E) (14, 28)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

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14 When the integer k is divided by 12, the remainder is

3 Which of the following, when divided by 12, will

(D) 24 (B) II only

(E) 27 (C) III only

(D) I and II only

(E) I, II, and III

15 A rectangular tabletop consists of a piece of

laminated wood bordered by a thin metal strip along

its four edges The surface area of the tabletop is x

square feet, and the total length of the strip before it

was attached was x feet If the tabletop is 3 feet

wide, what is its approximate length, in feet?

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SECTION 2 Time—25 minutes

18 Questions Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content After reading a passage, choose the best answer

to each question and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what

is stated or implied in that passage

Coral reefs are one of the most fragile, biologically

2 The passage suggests which of the following about

coral reef communities?

complex, and diverse marine ecosystems on Earth This

ecosystem is one of the fascinating paradoxes of the bio-

Line sphere: how do clear, and thus nutrient-poor, waters sup- (A) Coral reef communities may actually be more

likely to thrive in waters that are relatively low in nutrients

(5) port such prolific and productive communities? Part of the

answer lies within the tissues of the corals themselves

Symbiotic cells of algae known as zooxanthellae carry out

(B) The nutrients on which coral reef communities thrive are only found in shallow waters

photosynthesis using the metabolic wastes of the corals,

thereby producing food for themselves, for their coral

(C) Human population growth has led to changing ocean temperatures, which threatens coral reef communities

(10) hosts, and even for other members of the reef community

This symbiotic process allows organisms in the reef com-

munity to use sparse nutrient resources efficiently

Unfortunately for coral reefs, however, a variety of (D) The growth of coral reef communities tends to

destabilize underwater herbivore populations human activities are causing worldwide degradation of

(15) shallow marine habitats by adding nutrients to the water

(E) Coral reef communities are more complex and diverse than most ecosystems located on dry land

Agriculture, slash-and-burn land clearing, sewage disposal,

and manufacturing that creates waste by-products all

increase nutrient loads in these waters Typical symptoms

of reef decline are destabilized herbivore populations and

3 The author refers to “filter-feeding animals” (line 20)

in order to

(20) an increasing abundance of algae and filter-feeding animals

Declines in reef communities are consistent with observa-

tions that nutrient input is increasing in direct proportion to (A) provide an example of a characteristic sign of

reef deterioration

growing human populations, thereby threatening reef com-

munities sensitive to subtle changes in nutrient input to

(B) explain how reef communities acquire sustenance for survival

thrive (A) describing the effects of human activities on

waters that reefs inhabit (B) explaining how human activities are posing a

rely on coral reefs for nutrients (C) discussing the process by which coral reefs

deteriorate in nutrient-poor waters

(D) explaining how coral reefs produce food for

themselves

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (E) describing the abundance of algae and filter-

feeding animals in coral reef areas

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5 It can be inferred from the passage that the author

describes coral reef communities as paradoxical most likely for which of the following reasons?

4 According to the passage, which of the following is a

factor that is threatening the survival of coral reef

(B) A decline in nutrient input is disrupting their

symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae

(C) They are able to survive in an environment with limited food resources

(C) The degraded waters of their marine habitats

have reduced their ability to carry out

degradation of the waters that they inhabit (D) They are too biologically complex to survive in

surrounding them remains clear

(E) Waste by-products result in an increase in

nutrient input to reef communities

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Two divergent definitions have dominated sociologists'

discussions of the nature of ethnicity The first emphasizes

the primordial and unchanging character of ethnicity In

Line this view, people have an essential need for belonging that

(5) issatisfied by membership in groups based on shared

ancestry and culture A different conception of ethnicity

de-emphasizes the cultural component and defines ethnic

groups as interest groups In this view, ethnicity serves as

a way of mobilizing a certain population behind issues

(10) relating to its economic position While both of these

definitions are useful, neither fully captures the dynamic

and changing aspects of ethnicity in the United States

Rather, ethnicity is more satisfactorily conceived of as a

process in which preexisting communal bonds and common

(15) cultural attributes are adapted for instrumental purposes

according to changing real-life situations

One example of this process is the rise of participation

by Native American people in the broader United States

political system since the Civil Rights movement of the

(20) 1960's Besides leading Native Americans to participate

more actively in politics (the number of Native American

legislative officeholders more than doubled), this movement

also evoked increased interest in tribal history and tradi-

tional culture Cultural and instrumental components of

(25) ethnicity are not mutually exclusive, but rather reinforce

The Civil Rights movement also brought changes in the

uses to which ethnicity was put by Mexican American

people In the 1960's, Mexican Americans formed

(30) community-based political groups that emphasized ancestral

heritage as a way of mobilizing constituents Such emerg-

ing issues as immigration and voting rights gave Mexican

American advocacy groups the means by which to promote

ethnic solidarity Like European ethnic groups in the

(35) nineteenth-century United States, late-twentieth-century

Mexican American leaders combined ethnic with contem-

porary civic symbols In 1968 Henry Cisneros, then mayor

of San Antonio, Texas, cited Mexican leader Benito Juarez

as a model for Mexican Americans in their fight for con-

(40) temporary civil rights And every year, Mexican Americans

celebrate Cinco de Mayo as fervently as many Irish

American people embrace St Patrick's Day (both are major

holidays in the countries of origin), with both holidays

having been reinvented in the context of the United States

(45) and linked to ideals, symbols, and heroes of the United

(B) Ethnicity is best defined as a dynamic process that combines cultural components with shared political and economic interests

(C) In the United States in the twentieth century, ethnic groups have begun to organize in order to further their political and economic interests (D) Ethnicity in the United States has been significantly changed by the Civil Rights movement

(E) The two definitions of ethnicity that have dominated sociologists' discussions are incompatible and should be replaced by an entirely new approach

7 Which of the following statements about the first two

definitions of ethnicity discussed in the first paragraph is supported by the passage?

(A) One is supported primarily by sociologists, and the other is favored by members of ethnic groups (B) One emphasizes the political aspects of ethnicity, and the other focuses on the economic aspects (C) One is the result of analysis of United States populations, and the other is the result of analysis

8 The author of the passage refers to Native American

people in the second paragraph in order to provide an example of

(A) the ability of membership in groups based on shared ancestry and culture to satisfy an essential human need

(B) how ethnic feelings have both motivated and been strengthened by political activity (C) how the Civil Rights movement can help promote solidarity among United States ethnic groups (D) how participation in the political system has helped to improve a group's economic situation (E) the benefits gained from renewed study of ethnic history and culture

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9 The passage supports which of the following

statements about the Mexican American community?

(A) In the 1960's the Mexican American community

began to incorporate the customs of another

ethnic group in the United States into the

observation of its own ethnic holidays

(B) In the 1960's Mexican American community

groups promoted ethnic solidarity primarily in

order to effect economic change

(C) In the 1960's leaders of the Mexican American

community concentrated their efforts on

promoting a renaissance of ethnic history and

culture

(D) In the 1960's members of the Mexican American

community were becoming increasingly

concerned about the issue of voting rights

(E) In the 1960's the Mexican American community

had greater success in mobilizing constituents

than did other ethnic groups in the United States

10 Which of the following types of ethnic cultural

expression is discussed in the passage?

(A) The retelling of traditional narratives

(B) The wearing of traditional clothing

(C) The playing of traditional music

(D) The celebration of traditional holidays

(E) The preparation of traditional cuisine

11 Information in the passage supports which of the

following statements about many European ethnic

groups in the nineteenth-century United States?

(A) They emphasized economic interests as a way of

mobilizing constituents behind certain issues

(B) They conceived of their own ethnicity as being

primordial in nature

(C) They created cultural traditions that fused United

States symbols with those of their countries of

origin

(D) They de-emphasized the cultural components of

their communities in favor of political interests

(E) They organized formal community groups

designed to promote a renaissance of ethnic

history and culture

12 The passage suggests that in 1968 Henry Cisneros

most likely believed that (A) many Mexican Americans would respond positively to the example of Benito Juárez (B) many Mexican Americans were insufficiently educated in Mexican history

(C) the fight for civil rights in the United States had many strong parallels in both Mexican and Irish history

(D) the quickest way of organizing community-based groups was to emulate the tactics of Benito Juárez

(E) Mexican Americans should emulate the strategies

of Native American political leaders

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The fact that superior service can generate a competitive

advantage for a company does not mean that every attempt

at improving service will create such an advantage Invest-

Line ments in service, like those in production and distribution,

(5) must be balanced against other types of investments on the

basis of direct, tangible benefits such as cost reduction and

increased revenues If a company is already effectively on a

par with its competitors because it provides service that

avoids a damaging reputation and keeps customers from

(10) leaving at an unacceptable rate, then investment in higher

service levels may be wasted, since service is a deciding

factor for customers only in extreme situations

This truth was not apparent to managers of one regional

bank, which failed to improve its competitive position

(15) despite its investment in reducing the time a customer had

to wait for a teller The bank managers did not recognize

the level of customer inertia in the consumer banking

industry that arises from the inconvenience of switching

banks Nor did they analyze their service improvement to

(20) determine whether it would attract new customers by pro-

ducing a new standard of service that would excite cus-

tomers or by proving difficult for competitors to copy The

only merit of the improvement was that it could easily be

described to customers

13 The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) contrast possible outcomes of a type of business

investment

(B) suggest more careful evaluation of a type of

business investment

(C) illustrate various ways in which a type of

business investment could fail to enhance

revenues

(D) trace the general problems of a company to a

certain type of business investment

(E) criticize the way in which managers tend to

analyze the costs and benefits of business

investments

14 According to the passage, investments in service are

comparable to investments in production and

distribution in terms of the

(A) tangibility of the benefits that they tend to confer

(B) increased revenues that they ultimately produce

(C) basis on which they need to be weighed

(D) insufficient analysis that managers devote to

them

(E) degree of competitive advantage that they are

likely to provide

15 The passage suggests which of the following about

service provided by the regional bank prior to its investment in enhancing that service?

(A) It enabled the bank to retain customers at an acceptable rate

(B) It threatened to weaken the bank's competitive position with respect to other regional banks (C) It had already been improved after having caused damage to the bank's reputation in the past (D) It was slightly superior to that of the bank's regional competitors

(E) It needed to be improved to attain parity with the service provided by competing banks

16 The passage suggests that bank managers failed to

consider whether or not the service improvement mentioned in line 19

(A) was too complicated to be easily described to prospective customers

(B) made a measurable change in the experiences of customers in the bank’s offices

(C) could be sustained if the number of customers increased significantly

(D) was an innovation that competing banks could have imitated

(E) was adequate to bring the bank’s general level of service to a level that was comparable with that

of its competitors

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17 The discussion of the regional bank (lines 13-24)

serves which of the following functions within the

passage as a whole?

(A) It describes an exceptional case in which

investment in service actually failed to produce a

competitive advantage

(B) It illustrates the pitfalls of choosing to invest in

service at a time when investment is needed more

urgently in another area

(C) It demonstrates the kind of analysis that

managers apply when they choose one kind of

service investment over another

(D) It supports the argument that investments in

certain aspects of service are more advantageous

than investments in other aspects of service

(E) It provides an example of the point about

investment in service made in the first paragraph

18 The author uses the word "only" in line 23 most

likely in order to (A) highlight the oddity of the service improvement (B) emphasize the relatively low value of the investment in service improvement (C) distinguish the primary attribute of the service improvement from secondary attributes (D) single out a certain merit of the service improvement from other merits (E) point out the limited duration of the actual service improvement

S T O P

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P

x◦

Q y◦ z◦ R

SECTION 4 Time —25 minutes

20 Questions Directions: Each of the data sufficiency problems below consists of a question and two statements, labeled (1) and (2), in which certain data are given You have to decide whether the data given in the statements are sufficient for answering the question Using the data given in the statements plus your knowledge of mathematics and everyday facts (such as the number of days in July or the meaning of

counterclockwise), you are to fill in oval

A if statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient to answer the question

asked;

B if statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient to answer the question

asked;

C if BOTH statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question asked, but NEITHER

statement ALONE is sufficient;

D if EACH statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question asked;

E if statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient to answer the question asked, and additional

data specific to the problem are needed

Numbers: All numbers used are real numbers

Figures: A figure in a data sufficiency problem will conform to the information given in

the question, but will not necessarily conform to the additional information given

in statements (1) and (2)

You may assume that lines shown as straight are straight and that angle measures are greater than zero

You may assume that the positions of points, angles, regions, etc., exist in the order shown

All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated

Note: In questions that ask for the value of a quantity, the data given in the statements are

sufficient only when it is possible to determine exactly one numerical value for

Explanation: According to statement (1), PQ = PR; therefore, PQR is isosceles and y = z Since x + y + z = 180, it follows that x + 2y

= 180 Since statement (1) does not give a value for y, you cannot answer the question using statement (1) alone According to

statement (2), y = 40; therefore, x + z = 140 Since statement (2) does not give a value for z, you cannot answer the question using statement (2) alone Using both statements together, since x + 2y = 180 and the value of y is given, you can find the value of x

Therefore, the answer is C

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A Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient

B Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient

C BOTH statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient

D EACH statement ALONE is sufficient

E Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient

1 What is the capacity, in liters, of a certain aquarium?

(1) Three liters is 12of the capacity of the aquarium

(2) One-half liter is 121 of the capacity of the

aquarium

2 What is the value of n?

(1) n=2

(2) 4n= 4

3 In ∆PQR, what is the measure of angle P?

(1) Angle Q is a right angle

(2) The measure of R is 17˚

4 What amount did Jean earn from the commission on

her sales in the first half of 1988?

(1) In 1988 Jean’s commission was 5 percent of the

total amount of her sales

(2) The amount of Jean’s sales in the second half of

1988 averaged $10,000 per month more than in

the first half

5 A certain car traveled from one town to another

without stopping What was the car’s average speed

for the trip?

(1) The car traveled the 90-mile trip in 2 hours

(2) The car traveled the first 40 miles of the trip in 1

hour

6 What is the value of x?

7 Does x = y?

(1) | x | y = | |(2) x2 = y2

8 Dan took a 20-question multiple-choice test in

psychology If Dan answered every question, did he answer at least 12 questions correctly?

(1) Dan answered fewer than 40 percent of the questions incorrectly

(2) Dan answered at least 25 percent of the questions incorrectly

9 The figure above shows the circular cross section of a

concrete water pipe If the inside radius of the pipe is

r feet and the outside radius of the pipe is t feet, what

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A Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient

B Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient

C BOTH statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient

D EACH statement ALONE is sufficient

E Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient

13 Of the four numbers represented on the number line

above, is r closest to zero?

15 If Mark saved an average (arithmetic mean) of $80

per week for 3 consecutive weeks, how much did he save the second week?

(1) The average amount that Mark saved per week for the first 2 weeks was $60

(2) The amount that Mark saved the first week was

2

1 the amount he saved the second week and

3

1the amount he saved the third week

16 If p and q are positive integers, what is the value of

18 In a certain two-digit integer, the ratio of the units

digit to the tens digit is 2 to 3 What is the integer? (1) The tens digit is 3 more than the units digit (2) The product of the two digits is 54

19 If Carmen had 12 more tapes, she would have twice

as many tapes as Rafael Does Carmen have fewer tapes than Rafael?

(1) Rafael has more than 5 tapes

(2) Carmen has fewer than 12 tapes

20 What is the value of t t t x x

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