Chapter 4: VTP CCNA ppt

• Basically, the VTP server distributes and synchronizes VLAN information to VTP-enabled switches throughout the switched network which minimizes the problems caused switched network, w

Chapter 4: VTP

CCNA Exploration 4.0

Overview

Small network Æ no problem

Large network Æ ??????

VTP

VTP overview

• VTP allows a network manager to makes changes on a

switch that is configured as a VTP server

• Basically, the VTP server distributes and synchronizes

VLAN information to VTP-enabled switches throughout the switched network which minimizes the problems caused

switched network, which minimizes the problems caused

by incorrect configurations and configuration

inconsistencies

• VTP stores VLAN configurations in the VLAN database

called vlan.dat

Benefits of VTP

VTP Components

• VTP Domain-Consists of one or more interconnected

switches All switches in a domain share VLAN

configuration details using VTP advertisements A router or Layer 3 switch defines the boundary of each domain

Layer 3 switch defines the boundary of each domain.

VTP mode

VTP pruning

VTP advertisement

• VTP Server -VTP servers advertise the VTP domain VLAN information to other VTP-enabled switches in the same VTP domain VTP servers store the VLAN information for the entire domain in NVRAM The server is where VLAN can

f

created, deleted, or renamed for the domain.

• VTP Client -VTP clients function the same way as VTP servers, but you cannot create, change, or delete VLANs on a VTP client A VTP client only stores the VLAN information for the entire domain while the switch is on A switch reset deletes the VLAN information You must configure VTP client mode on a

switch.

• VTP Transparent -Transparent switches forward VTP advertisements to VTP clients and VTP servers Transparent switches do not participate in VTP

clients and VTP servers Transparent switches do not participate in VTP

VLANs that are created, renamed, or deleted on transparent switches are local

to that switch only.

• VTP Pruning -VTP pruning increases network available bandwidth by

restricting flooded traffic to those trunk links that the traffic must use to reach

restricting flooded traffic to those trunk links that the traffic must use to reach the destination devices Without VTP pruning, a switch floods broadcast,

multicast, and unknown unicast traffic across all trunk links within a VTP

domain even though receiving switches might discard them.

Test your knowledge

Default VTP configuration

Default VTP configuration

• VTP Version-Displays the VTP version the switch is

capable of running By default, the switch implements

version 1, but can be set to version 2.

• Configuration Revision-Current configuration revision

number on this switch You will learn more about revisions

number on this switch You will learn more about revisions numbers in this chapter.

• Maximum VLANs Supported Locally-Maximum number of VLANs supported locally

• Number of Existing VLANs-Number of existing VLANs

• VTP Operating Mode-Can be server, client, or transparent

• VTP Traps Generation-Displays whether VTP traps are

sent to a network management station

sent to a network management station

• MD5 Digest-A 16-byte checksum of the VTP configuration

• Configuration Last Modified-Date and time of the last

configuration modification Displays the IP address of the switch that caused the configuration change to the

database

VTP Domains

VTP Domains

VTP Domain Name Propogation

VTP Frame Structure

VTP Frame Structure

VTP message content

VTP packets

Subset Advertisements

• When you add, delete, or change a VLAN in a Catalyst, the server Catalyst

where the changes are made increments the configuration revision and issues

where the changes are made increments the configuration revision and issues

a summary advertisement.

• One or several subset advertisements follow the summary advertisement A subset advertisement contains a list of VLAN information If there are several VLANs, more than one subset advertisement can be required in order to

advertise all the VLANs.

• In response to an advertisement request.

VTP packets

Advertisement Requests

• A switch needs a VTP advertisement request in these situations:

The switch has been reset

– The switch has been reset ·

– The VTP domain name has been changed ·

– The switch has received a VTP summary advertisement with a higher

configuration revision than its own

configuration revision than its own.

VTP Revision Number

• The configuration revision number is a 32-bit number that indicates the level of revision for a VTP frame

• The default configuration number for a switch is zero

• Each time a VLAN is added or removed , the

configuration revision number is incremented

configuration revision number is incremented

• Each VTP device tracks the VTP configuration revision

number that is assigned to it g

• Note: A VTP domain name change does not increment the revision number Instead, it resets the revision number to zero.

Show vtp status: view revision number

VTP Modes Overview

VTP Mode Comparisions

• VTP servers:

– Create, modify, and delete VLAN and VLAN configuration parameters

for the entire domain

– VTP servers save VLAN configuration information in the switch NVRAM

– VTP servers send VTP messages out to all trunk ports.

• VTP clients:

– Cannot create, modify, or delete VLAN information

– This mode is useful for switches lacking memory to store large tables of

VLAN information

– The only role of VTP clients is to process VLAN changes and send VTP

messages out all trunk ports.

VTP Pruning

VTP Pruning

VTP Pruning

VTP Configuration g

Guidelines

Notes

Topology example

Confirm detail

Confirm domain name

Confirm version

Add Vlan at server, enable trunking port

Enable vtp client mode

Verify vtp status

Troubleshooting VTP g

Connections

Incompatible VTP Versions

• Solutions:

VTP Password Issues

• Solutions:

Incorrect VTP Domain Name

• Solutions:

Incorrect Revision Number

Incorrect Revision Number

• Solutions:

Verify Revision Number

Managing VLANs on a VTP Server

Summary