507 Mechanical Movements - Brown Part 10 pptx

Continuous rotary motion from os-cillating.. The beambeingmadeto vibrate, the drum to which the cord is attached, working looseonfly-wheel shaft,gives mo-tion to said shaft through the

by fusee according to the variation in

di-ameter wherethebandacts

359 Primitivedrillingapparatus Being

onceset inmotion,it iskeptgoing byhand,

byalternatelypressing down and relieving

the transverse bar to which the bands are

attached, causing the bands to wind upon

the spindle alternately in opposite

direc-tions, while the heavy disk or fly-wheel

gives a steadymomentum to the

drill-spin-dle in itsrotary motion

360 Continuous rotary motion from

os-cillating. The beambeingmadeto vibrate,

the drum to which the cord is attached,

working looseonfly-wheel shaft,gives

mo-tion to said shaft through the pawl and

ratchet-wheel, the pawl being attached to

drum and theratchet-wheel fastonshaft

361 Another simple form of clutch for

pulleys, consisting of a pin on the lower

shaftanda pin onsideofpulley. The

pul-ley is moved lengthwise of the shaft by

means of a lever or other means to bring

its pinintoor out of contact with the pinon

and its drum, produced bypin on the end

of the shaft working in oblique groove in

the lowercylinder.

363 See-saw, one pf the simplest

illus-trations of alimitedoscillating or alternate circularmotion

364 Intermittent rotarymotion from con-tinuous rotarymotion about anaxisat right

angles Small wheel onleft isdriver; and the frictionrollerson its radial studswork

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agains1 :the facesof obliquegroovesor pro-jections across the faceof thelarger wheel,

and impart motion thereto

itwo rollers, the axes-of which are oblique

'

to each other The rotationof the rollers

produces both a longitudinal and a rotary motion of therod

bevel-gear rotary motion is given to

ver-tical drill-shaft,which slides through small bevel-gear but is made to turn with it by

a feather and groove,and is depressed by

MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS.

367

may be drawn at required distances apart

without setting out Loweredgeof upper

blade has agraduatedivoryscale,on which

the incidence of the outer edgeof the brass

arc indicates the width betweenblades

368 Describing spiral lineonacylinder.

Thespur-gearwhichdrivesthe bevel-gears,

andthus gives rotarymotiontothecylinder,

alsogears into the toothedrack,and

fromend toendof thecylinder.

369 Cycloidalsurfaces,causingpendulum

tomove in cycloidalcurve, rendering

oscil-lations isochronousor equal-timed

370 Motion for polishing mirrors, the

rubbingof whichshouldbevaried asmuch

as practicable. Thehandle turns thecrank

towhichthe long barandattached

ratchet-wheelareconnected Themirroris

secur-edrigidlyto the ratchet-wheel The long

bar,which is guided bypins in the lower

rail, hasboth a longitudinaland an

oscillat-ing movement, and the ratchet-wheel is

caused to rotate intermittently by a click

operatedby aneccentric onthe crank-shaft,

and hencethe mirror has acompound

move-ment

mo-tion. The largewheel is toothed on both

faces,and analternatingcircular motion is

produced bythe uniform revolution of the

pinion,which passes from one sideof the

wheel to the other through an opening on

the leftof thefigure.

372 White's dynamometei.for

The twohorizontal bevel-gears arearranged

in a hoop-snaped frame, which revolves

freelyonthemiddleof the horizontalshaft,

on which thereare twoverticalbevel-gears

gearingto the horizontal ones,one fastand

theother looseon the shaft Supposethe hooptobeheldstationary, motion given to either vertical bevel-gearwill be imparted through the horizontal gears to the other

verticalone; butif the hoop be permitted

itwillrevolvewith thevertical gear put in motion, and the amount ofpowerrequired

to hold it stationary will correspond with

that transmitted from the first gear,anda

bandattached to its

peripherywillindicate

thatpower bythe weight required to keep

it still.

373 Robert's contrivanceforprovingthat friction of a wheel carriage does not

in-crease with velocity, but only with load Loaded wagon is supported on surface of

large wheel, and connected with indicator

constructed withspiral spring, toshowforce

required to keep carriage stationarywhen largewheelis putinmotion. Itwasfound

that difference in velocityproduced no va-riation in the indicator, but difference in

weight immediatelydidso.

374 Rotary motionof shaftfrom treadle

bymeansofan endlessband running from

arolleronthe treadle toaneccentriconthe shaft

375 Pair of edgerunners or chasersfor

crushing or grinding The axles are con-nected withvertical shaft,andthewheelsor

9 MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS.

the weightof an animalattemptingtowalk

up one side ofits interior; hasbeen used

fordriving the paddle-wheelsof ferry-boats

turn-spitdogusedalso tobe employedinsuch a

wheel in ancient times for

turning meat while roastingona spit.

377 The tread-mill employed in jails in

somecountries forexercising criminals

con-demned to labor,and employed in

grinding

grain,- etc.; turns by weight of persons

This is supposedtobeaChineseinvention,

andit is stillused^n Chinafor raisingwater

for irrigation

378 Saw for cutting trees by motion of

pendulum, isrepresented as cutting a lying

tree.

379 and 380 Portable cramp drills. In

379the feed-screwis opposite thedrill,and

in 380thedrillspindle passes through the

center of the feed-screw

381 Bowery's joiner's clamp, plan and

transverse section Oblongbedhas, atone

end, two wedge-formed cheeks, adjacent

sides ofwhichlie atanangletoeachother,

andare dovetailedinward from upper edge

piece or pieces ofwood tobe planed.

382 Adjustable stand for mjrrors, etc.,

by which a glass or other article can be raisedor lowered, turnedtotherightorleft, andvaried in its inclination The stem is fitte'dintoasocket ofpillar,and secured by

aset screw,and the glass is hinged tothe stem, anda setscrewisappliedtothe hinge

totighten it. The same thing is used for

photographiccamera-stands.

383 Representsthe principalelements of machinery for dressing cloth and warps, consisting of two rollers, from one to the other ofwhichthe yarn or cloth iswound, and an interposed cylinder havingits

peri-pheryeithersmooth-surfacedorarmedwith brushes,teasels,or other contrivances,

done Theseelementsareusedinmachines

for sizing warps, gig-mills for dressing woolen goods, and in most machines for finishingwoven fabrics

384 Helicograph, or instrument for de-scribing helices The small wheel, by

re-volving about the fixed central point, de-scribes a volute or spiral bymovingalong

which transfer-paper is laid with colored downward

94 MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS.

385

\

shutting doors. One pin is fitted to and

turns in so.cket attached to door, and the

otherissimilarlyattachedtoframe: In

open-ing the door, pinsare broughttogether, and

weightisraised Weightclosesdoor by

de-pressing the joint of the toggle toward a

straight line, and so widening the space

betweenthe pins.

386 Foldinglibrary ladder Itis shown

open,partly open,and closed; the rounds

are pivoted to the side-pieces, which are

fitted together to form a roundpole when

closed,the rounds shuttingupinside

387 Self-adjusting step-ladderforwharfs

atwhichthereare riseandfalloftide. The

steps are pivoted at one edge intowoodep

barsformingstring-pieces, and their other

edgeis supported byrods suspended from

liarsforminghand-rails Thesteps remain

horizontalwhatever position the ladder

as-sumes

388 Feed-motion of Woodworth's

plan-ing machine, asmoothsupportingroller,and

a toothed toproller.

389 Lifting-jackoperatedby aneccentric,

stop

390 Device forconvertingoscillating

in-to rotary motion The semicircular piece,

A, is attachedtoalever which works on a

fulcrum, #,and ithas attachedtoittheends

two pulleys,loose on the shaft of the

thempawls which engagewith two

ratchet-wheels fast on the fly-wheel shaft. One

piece,A, turns oneway,andtheotherwhen

the saidpiece turns the other way,andthus

a continuous rotary motion of the shaft is

obtained

391, Reciprocating into rotary motion

The weighted racks, A,A1

are pivoted to the endof apiston-rod,andpinsattheend

of thesaic1racksworkinfixedguide-grooves,

b, b, in such manner that one rack

ope-rates uponthecog-wheel in

ascending and theother in descending, andsocontinuous rotarymotionis

produced Theelbowlever,

C,and spring, d,areforcarrying the pin of the right-hand rack over theupperangle in

itsguide-groove,b.

with acrank whichworksit,andthe upper end connectedwith a springwhich keeps it

strained without agate.

393 Contrivanceforpolishing lenses and

materialis inacup connected bya

ball-and-socketjointand bent piece of metal with a

rotating uprightshaft setconcentric to the

!bodytobepolished. Thecupisset

eccen-: trie, and bythat means is caused to have

an independentrotarymotion aboutitsaxis

onthe universaljoint,as well asto revolve aboutthe commonaxisofthe shaftandthe

partsof thesurface of thecup from coming

repeatedlyincontact with thesameparts of

surfaceof the lensor other

MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS.

394

397

400

395

393

396

399

vertingreciprocatingmotion into rotary,an

endless rack providedwith grooves on its

side gearing with a pinion having two

con-centric flanges of different diameters A

substitute forcrank in oscillating cylinder

395 Four-waycock,usedmanyyearsago

on steam engines to admit and exhaust

steam from thecylinder. Thetwopositions

representedare produced bya quarter turn

of the plug. Supposingthe steamtoenter

atthe top, in the upper figurethe exhaust

is fromthe rightendof the cylinder,andin

the lower figure the exhaust is from the

left the steam entering, of course, in the

oppositeport

396 G.P.Reed'spatent anchor andlever

escapement for watches The lever is so

escapement that the whole impulse given

through lever, and whole impulse in

op-posite direction is transmitted directly to

chronometer impulse pallet, locking and

unlocking the escape-wheel but once at

each impulsegiven bysaidwheel

397 Continuous circular into

intermit-tent rectilinear reciprocating. A motion

used on several sewing machines for

three-revolution cylinder printing-presses

398 Continuous circular motioninto

in-termittent circular the cam,C, being the

tightening chains used as guys or braces

Linkis madein twoparts, oneend ofeach

is provided with swivel-nut, and otherend with screw; the screw of each part fits intonut ofother

400 Four-motion feed (A. B Wilson's

patent), used on Wheeler & Wilson's, Sloat's, and other sewing machines. The bar, A, is forked, and has asecond bar, B

(carrying the spur orfeeder), pivotedinthe said fork The bar, B, is liftedbyaradial

projection onthe cam, C, atthe same time the twobars are carried forward Aspring producesthe return stroke,andthe bar, B, dropsofitsowngravity.

401 E. P Brownell's patent

crank-mo-tion toobviate dead-centers Thepressure

onthe treadlecauses theslottedslide,A,to moveforward with the wristuntilthelatter

has passed the center,whenthe spring, B,

forces the slide against the stopsuntil it is

again requiredtomoveforward

402 G O.Guernsey'spatentescapement

for watches In thisescapement two

bal-ance-wheels are employed, carried by the

same driving-power, but oscillating in op-posite directions, for the purpose of coun-teracting theeffectofany sudden jarupon

awatchortime-piece. Thejarwhichwould accelerate motion ofone wheel would

re-tard the motion ofother Anchor, A, is

securedto lever, B,having an interior and

exterior toothed segment at its end, each oneof which gears with the pinion of

bal-9 MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS.

403