Training module : Safety and EMC docx

Norms of the safety group Type B Regulation of safety by machine family Ex : Future IEC / EN 61800-5-2 for the PDS Specific Safety Norms Type C General DesignPrincipals Ex : EN 60204-1

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Training module

Safety and EMC

Lionel GAUDREL

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ATV71Safety and EMC

I The normative context

III Safety functions

II Electromagnetic compatibility

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II Safety functions III Electromagnetic compatibility

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Family norms for process and machines

Product norms

General or basic norms

The norms : generality

Based on the

general but adapted

for the using

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II Safety functions

• The Power Removal function

III Electromagnetic compatibility

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 Definition : the mastering of risk and the suppression of unacceptable risks

 A risk is the combination of the probability of damage caused by a situation,

and the extent of that damage

• Who must conform to the safety norms ?

– All builders of machines bearing the CE mark

– Importers of machines into the European Union

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Norms of the

safety group

Type B

Regulation of safety by machine family

Ex : Future IEC / EN 61800-5-2 for the PDS

Specific Safety

Norms

Type C

General DesignPrincipals

Ex : EN 60204-1 or EN 954

Basic safety norms

Type A

Conformity with norm C gives automatic conformity with the Machine Directive

In the absence of norm C, the norms A and B can be used as proof of

conformity.

Safety norms

General norms

Specific norms dedicated to specific products

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ATV71Evolution of the norms

The European norms up to now have become international with a strong

usage in the USA and Japan.

 Basic Norms (type A) : EN 292-1 / 2 => NBN EN ISO 12100-1 /2

produce reliable machines for general use conditions

 Safety group norms (type B) : example IEC/EN 61508

programmable electronics related to safety)

• For application, the other norms based on IEC/EN 61508 are in process of

elaboration :

– Type A Norm : EN 954-1 => IEC 62061 (machine safety norms )

– Type B1 Norm : IEC 61511 (safety norm for process industries)

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ATV71Differences EN954-1 / IEC/EN61508-1

 EN954-1 (type A) : Safety norm with deterministic nature based on the architecture and the redundancy of safety circuits

 IEC/EN 61508 (type B) : Safety norm with probability nature based on the

architecture and the reliability of the systems witch guaranty the safety The safety

integrity levels (SIL) are defined there.

• A category of the EN954-1 has no automatic correspondence with this same SIL : a

particularly analyze of the system is necessary.

• We are going to talk about the EN954-1 which is currently used for machines and of

increases

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ATV71Choice of categories EN954-1

Category 3 of EN954-1 permits a response the the majority of industrial applications (level 4 is required on press type machines)

After the global evaluation of the risk level,

you have to choose the safety solution that

complies with the advocated category for your

command system (according to EN954-1)

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ATV71EN954-1 categories

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SFF < 60 % Not allowed SIL 1 SIL 2

60% < SFF < 90 % SIL 1 SIL 2 SIL 3

90% < SFF < 99 % SIL 2 SIL 3 SIL 4

SFF > 99 % SIL 3 SIL 4 SIL 4

 3 criteria permit the definition of the SIL (Safety Integrity Level)

Criteria n°1 and n°2

The security integrity levels IEC/EN 61508-1

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Criteria n°3

The integrity levels IEC/EN 61508-1

To be SIL2 : it is necessary that the average probability of non detected

dangerous failure per hour be within the level indicated.

Niveau d’intégrité

de sécurité ( SIL )

PFD: probabilité moyenne de défaillance dangereuse

non détectée par heure SIL 4 10 -9 < PFD  10 -8 SIL 3 10 -8 < PFD  10 -7 SIL 2 10 -7 < PFD  10 -6 SIL 1 10 -6 < PFD  10 -5

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EN 60204-1 : electrical equipment of the machine

 L ’EN60204-1 defines 3 stop categories:

stop)

machine is stopped, then cutting the power and removing control power once

the stop is attained

Remark : Version 2002 of NFPA 79 has converged with IEC 60204-1

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ATV71Safety applied to the Altivar 71

 The ATV71 integrates safety by the suppression of energy

The function POWER REMOVAL prevents unintended starting of the motor

with complete security.

• This function removes the power supply from the motor

• Thus there is no longer torque applied to the motor

• Power Removal is operational safety and not electrical safety (no galvanic isolation)

The interruption of the electrical supply to the motor requires opening of the motor power

circuit by a disconnect switch (Vario) or interrupting the power supply to the drive

• Power Removal is equivalent to the free wheel stop function but is certain and

certified as such.

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ATV71Safety applied to the Altivar 71

 When the Power Removal function is active, the user can intervene in the

machine process while :

• Servicing and updating the machine

• Loading and unloading the machine

• Cleaning the machine

• Maintenance of the machine

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PWRM

related Output

Fonction diagnostic

SW + HW

Asic

Cde IGBT

Canal 1 HW

Moteur

Power removal : how does it work?

 A logic input PWR permits the activation of this function

• This command directly blocks the IGBTs (through 2 channels): redundancy

• Monitoring of the blocking chain is done by the µP

• A logic output indicates the state of the drive

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EN954-1 category 1, IEC/EN61508 SIL1

 Stop mode category 0 accordding to IEC/EN 60204-1

2 types of sequence commonly used

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ESC S2

XPS AC

R2 = Commande frein

EN954-1 category 3, IEC/EN61508 SIL2

 Stop Mode Category 0 according to IEC/EN 60204-1

Should be used for machine with a short stopping time in freewheel (low inertia machines or with resitant torque), and hoisting applications

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ATV71EN954-1 category 3, IEC/EN61508 SIL2

Altivar 71

Q1

PWR LI2 LI1

freewheel (high inertia machines)

This schematics should not be used for hoisting applications When a safe

condition is required, the deceleration

of the motor is requested first After

a temporization that corresponds to the stopping time (or longer), the Power removal function is activated

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EN954-1 category 3 with ATV58

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ATV71Power Removal : Customer benefits

 The customer benefits form a certified safety function

• The certification of these functions causes a great deal of difficulty

• Customers don’t always know how to do it

 Avoids the use of contactors : no periodic verification, no preventive

changing

• Less wiring : no contactors

• Less space : no contactors

• Gain in the cost of the solution

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The competitors (general purpose who integrate safety functions :

• Control Techniques Unidrive SP (limited to 30kW)

– function power Removal, compliance with

EN954-1 category 3 only

•Danfoss FC301 (limited to 7.5kW)

– function power Removal compliance with

EN954-1 category 3 only

•Siemens ET 200S FC (limited to 2.2kW and specific)

– Power removal

– Safe brake ramp

– Safety reduced speed

– Compliance with EN61508 SIL2

Competition

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ATV71Safety : conclusions

 Safety standards become international Example IEC61508 (electrical

installation)

 The european machine standard EN 954-1 will be replaced by IEC 62061

standard, based on IEC 61508

 The future safety standard for drives is based on IEC61508-1

 Altivar 71 is only one to integrate the safety function « power removal »

that complies with IEC61508 SIL 2

 Telemecanique proposes complete solutions :

• synergy with PREVENTA (with schematics)

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II Safety functions

III Electromagnetic compatibility

Conducted and radiated emissions Immunity

Harmonic currents Earth leakage current

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ISM :

CISPR 11# EN 55011

industrial, scientific, medical,safety

others : train, nuclear, elevators

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ATV71Applicable Norms

For variable speed drives the norm IEC/EN 61800-3 applies:

• This is a product norm relative to EMC including the specific test methods for

electric variable speed power controls

norms

• It is used as the reference for the CE marking under the EMC directive

• Usually, in the majority of the cases, the levels applied to the ATV71 allow it to

are used.

it is not guaranteed (specific machines standards : very few exist)

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Conducted and radiated emissions Electromagnetic compatibility

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ATV71Conducted and radiated emissions

• These radio-perturbations can be conducted or

radiated

• There is no radiation without conduction

• These radio-perturbations exist on the input side and on the motor side

• They are principally due to the chopping of the output voltage with high dV/dt (PWM).

U

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commission by a professional

# EN55011 Classe A groupe 2

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Environnement 1 residentiel

Environnement 2 industriel

Categorie C1 CISPR 11 = Class B Group1

Emission conduite

dBµV (QP)

MHz 0,15 0,5 5 30

30 56

60

Emission rayonnées CISPR 11 = Class A Group1

100

86 90

70

MHz

Emission conduite : variateur > 100A dBµV (QP)

60

MHz

30 230 1000

Emission conduite et rayonnée

Pas de limites dédiées

Variateurs > 1000v ou > 400A

 Test Levels

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 Solutions for conducted emissions :

RESPECT OF THE WIRING RULES

Upstream

and thus the radiated perturbations.

and the length and type of the motor cable.

 Solutions for radiated emissions :

RESPECT OF THE WIRING RULES

Drive

account the EMC in the design (ex internal ground planes)

Downstream

conduit or shielded cables.

RFI Filter

Output

Filter

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Wiring:

Equi-potential HF continuity

Plated wires for grounds

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• ATV71 conducted and radiated emissions per EN 61800-3 Edition 2

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• Cable length with integrated filter

C3 C2

Tiêu đề	Training module: Safety and EMC
Tác giả	Lionel Gaudrel
Người hướng dẫn	Bertrand Guarinos, STIE
Trường học	STIE
Chuyên ngành	Electromagnetic Compatibility and Safety
Thể loại	Training module
Năm xuất bản	2024

Định dạng
Số trang	69
Dung lượng	3,29 MB