Protel DXP PCB Layout pdf

Schematic Layout- Placing Parts„ Double click on the PIC, you will get a Component Properties popup box.. Creating Custom Parts„ This shows information about the schematic library and a

Protel DXP PCB Layout

Glenn Mercier 12/16/2005

PCB Layout Software

There are many PCB Layout software packages

available For this tutorial, I will be using

Introducing Protel DXP 2004

Reasons for Choosing Protel DXP

„ Abundance of learning luides

http://www.altium.com/Community/

Support/LearningGuides/

„ Large footprint library included

„ Extensive design rule checking

(DRC)

„ Integrity testing

„ Integrated software package

„ Free Trial Available

Main Screen

Create new PCB Project

Create New Schematic

„ Now we need to add

files to the project

The beginning step

is to add a

Schematic

Document This is

where the schematic

drawings we are all

familiar with will go

Right click and save

the schematic

document as before.

„ There are three forms of libraries

„ Schematic Library- This library contains

schematic drawings that we are familiar with from ORCAD

„ PCB/Footprint Library- This library contains

the actual dimensions and pads for placing the component on the board.

libraries are integrated, containing both

Schematic and PCB libraries.

Adding Libraries

„ From the design menu, click Add/Remove libraries

Adding Libraries (Cont.)

„ Since most of us are using Microchip PIC microcontrollers, add the Microchip library

Adding Libraries (Cont.)

„ Each manufacturer usually categorizes their parts for easy selection Choose the PIC18

Adding Libraries (Cont.)

„ Add the highlighted libraries to the project These two files are not in a folder, but in the root ‘Library’ folder

Adding Libraries (Cont.)

„ From the Library folder, go to the PCB folder, this folder contains PCB footprint libraries

Adding Libraries (Cont.)

„ From the PCB folder, add

„ Crystal Oscillator

„ Resistor- Axial

Adding Libraries (Cont.)

„ You should now have the following libraries installed Note the top three libraries here are integrated libraries, and the bottom four

libraries are PCB libraries

„ If you expand the libraries folder, you should see the

following Now that

we have added our libraries, we are

ready to begin the schematic layout

Schematic Layout

„ Double Click on your schematic document from the left navigator menu, and you should see a blank screen on the right

Schematic Layout- Placing Parts

„ From the ‘Place’

menu, click Part

Schematic Layout- Placing Parts

„ The ‘Place Part’

screen will appear

Click the box in the

top right with the […]

This will bring up the

‘Browse Libraries’,

which is just a list of a

few default libraries

and all the libraries

we have added to the

project

Schematic Layout- Placing Parts

„ From the ‘Libraries’

drop down box, look

for the Microchip

Microcontroller library

we added earlier

Schematic Layout- Placing Parts

„ Choosing the PIC18F452 for our project we see there are three choices in the list Which one do we choose? Why is there three

options for one part?

„ This is where the footprint comes in Although the PIC18F452 has the same electrical and logic properties, the physical packaging

comes in three different forms

„ PLCC- 44 Pins

„ QFN- 44 Pins

„ DIP- 40 Pins

Schematic Layout- Placing Parts

„ Don’t worry if you don’t know what terms like PLCC, QFN, TQFP, DIP mean at the

moment You can look at the Protel layout and it will show you what the footprint

differences are

Schematic Layout- Placing Parts

„ PIC18F452-E/L : This is a PLCC-44 package In the bottom left corner you can see the description of the package including dimensions

Schematic Layout- Placing Parts

„ PIC18F452-E/ML : QFN package Notice when you highlight

a part, Protel shows both the schematic layout (top right)

and the PCB layout (bottom right).

Schematic Layout- Placing Parts

„ PIC18F452-E/P : 40 pin DIP package, DIP’sare very good for beginners due to their large size and easy solderability

Schematic Layout- Placing Parts

„ Which to

choose? That’s

up to you! But

for this tutorial,

lets use a DIP

package

Schematic Layout- Placing Parts

„ Once you click ‘ok’ on the part, you’ll be

brought back to the ‘place part’ popup menu This allows you to verify the part you chose

Schematic Layout- Placing Parts

you leave this

as ‘U?’ you will

Schematic Layout- Placing Parts

„ Double click on the PIC, you will get a Component Properties popup box Here you can leave notes on the part, change the footprint,

change the description, and add a rule for this part If you click on ‘Edit’

in the bottom right, it will show you the PCB footprint for this part

Schematic Layout- Placing Parts

„ We need power for our circuit, but unlike pspice, we must add a

physical way to add power to our device Add ‘HEADER 2’ from the Miscellaneous Connectors library As seen from the PCB footprint below, this is just two holes in the board where we can connect wires.

Schematic Layout- Placing Parts

„ Our updated schematic looks as follows Click the place wire icon from the menu bar up top

Schematic Layout- Placing Parts

The end of the wire must be on the end of the part, when this happens you will get a red ‘X’, Do not rush through this step, and always verify there is a proper connect.

WRONG!!!!!!

Gray ‘X’ This will not

connect the part

Correct Red ‘X’ This WILL connect the part

Schematic Layout- Adding Nets

„ On simple projects, it makes sense to run wires making

connections, but on larger projects this often makes things very cluttered, difficult to make changes, and often results in errors due to wires crossing

„ Draw a small wire extending from VSS (GND), and a small wire from the other pin on the pin header (as shown in next slide) Click the ‘NET’ icon in the toolbar and place this text on both lines, labeling them both GND This is the same exact thing as actually running wires between them Protel knows that these two pins should be connected.

Schematic Layout- Adding Nets

„ You should now have the following Notice the blue dots on pin 12 and pin 11, the dots appear when

more there is a connect of more than 2 areas In the case of the blue dot on the left, this connects pin 12, pin 31, and GND all together.

Schematic Layout- Adding Nets

„ The usefulness of nets cannot be over emphasized here, it may seem like extra work, but DO IT!!

„ Allows for cell design of layout, This makes design

neat, orderly, easy to troubleshoot.

„ Looks professional

„ Major changes such as changing an 8 connection port from port A to B is simple to just move the NETS,

rather than rewire 8 different wires.

„ Can create multiple schematic documents (advised), and link nets across schematics

Schematic Layout:

No Nets- Hardwired Schematic

Schematic Layout- Using Nets

50 RT1

3.3V

330 RT3

+5V

VCC

NC NC IRQ DOUT GND CLK +3.3V GND DIN CS

J3

SD Breakout

SDCS 3.3V SDCLK MOSO SDIRQ

50 RT4

LED Test

LEDTEST

S3 SW-PB

10k RT9

CDISP

J5V 5V Current Monitor

J33 3.3V Current Monitor

Reset

1nF

CT3 Cap

S2 HW-RESET

VCCX

+1.8V 50 RT2

1.8V

470 RT5

100 RT6

3.3V

VSOURCE = 3.3V VCCX = PIC VCC NORMAL OPERATION:

VCC = VCCX (jumper closed) PROGRAMMING MODE:

VCCX is isolated, therefore rest of the circuit

1nF

CT2 Cap

1 1

AGND

Aux Power

1 1

A50

Aux Power

1 1

A33

Aux Power

1 1

A18

Aux Power

Schematic Layout- Using Nets

DB6 DB7 LCDE

VCCX

ICSP CLK

CLKO CLKI

XTAL

XT 1 MHz = 15 pf XT/ HS 4 MHz = 15 pf

HS 8 MHz = 15-33 pf

HS 25MHz= 15-33 pf Higher C increases stability but increases start up time R11 used in HS mode

to avoid overdriving the crystal.

20pF

CU3 Cap

20pF

CU4 Cap

CLKO

CLKI

10k RU2

VPP/MCLR 1+5V 2GND 3DATA 4CLK 5

ICSP

ICSP Port

MCLR

0.1uF CU5

Cap

VCCX ICSP CLK

RE7/AD15/CCP2/P2A 73RE6/AD14/P1B 74RE5/AD13/P1C 75RE4/AD12/P3B 76RE3/AD11/P3C 77RE2/AD10/CS/P2B 78

RH0/A16 79RH1/A17 80RH2/A18 1RH3/A19 2

RE1/AD9/WR/P2C 3RE0/AD8/RD/P2D 4

RG0/CCP3/P3A 5RG1/TX2/CK2 6RG2/RX2/DT2 7RG3/CCP4/P3D 8RG5/MCLR/VPP 9RG4/CCP5/P1D 10

VSS

11 VDD 12

RF7/SS 13RF6/AN11 14RF5/AN10/CVREF 15RF4/AN9 16RF3/AN8 17RF2/AN7/C1OUT 18

RH7/AN15/P1B 19RH6/AN14/P1C 20RH5/AN13/P3B 21RH4/AN12/P3C 22

RF1/AN6/C2OUT 23RF0/AN5 24

AVDD 25AVSS

VSS 31

VDD 32

RA5/AN4/LVDIN

33 RA4/T0CKI34

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2/P2A

35 RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI36

RC6/TX1/CK1 37

RC7/RX1/DT1 38

RJ4/BA0 39RJ5/CE 40RJ6/LB 41RJ7/UB 42

RC2/CCP1/P1A 43

RC3/SCK/SCL 44

RC4/SDI/SDA 45

RC5/SDO 46

RB7/KBI3/PGD 47

VDD 48

OSC1/CLKI 49

OSC2/CLKO/RA6 50

VSS 51

RJ3/WRH 59RJ2/WRL 60RJ1/OE 61RJ0/ALE 62

VSS 70

UPIC18LF8722

GPSTXA GPSRXA

10k

RU1

ALFATRS ALFATCTS ALFATRTS ALFATTX ALFATRX

XTAL1 14.7456 MHz

GPSRXB GPSTXB GPSTM GPSRS

GPIOA GPIOC GPIOE GPIOF GPIOG GPIOH

LOGLOC

18VON DS1820 CDISP

33VON

5VON 5VOFF

For Normal Operation 5VON - high 18VON- high 33VON- high

ALFAT-STD

ALFAT-STD

***HIGH- STD MODE LOW- EXTENDED MODE 1-Wire Temp Sensor

0.1uF

CU8 Cap

Set as Outputs

100 RU4

100pF

CU7 Cap 100pF

CU6 Cap

PGD - limits slope of edges, attenuates high freq components

100*100pf = 10uS time constant (much less than programmer frequency)

PGC- 100pF reduces Z at high frequencies, which

100 RU3

BUSBSEL BENB BSTAT1

Creating Custom Parts

„ Sometimes a part will be required and no

library associated with it For this, we need to make both a schematic and a PCB footprint for the part

„ Lets assume we wish to build a part where

we will take test measurements from such as voltage levels

Creating Custom Parts

„ From the file

Creating Custom Parts

Creating Custom Parts

„ This shows information

about the schematic

library and a list of the

parts inside the library

Click the ADD button to

add a new part

Creating Custom Parts

„ Click on the place rectangle for our part Keep in mind this is what we will see on our schematic

Creating Custom Parts

Creating Custom Parts

Creating Custom Parts

„ Click on the part in the

schematic listing on the

left It is up to you to

leave comments,

description, and

designators for the part

Notice the pin listing in

the bottom left In this

remember this order for

when we create the

footprint

Creating Custom Parts

Creating Custom Parts

„ Notice that there is a

red page next to the

schematic library

(Schlib1.SchLib) we

just created This

means there have

been changes to the

document and it needs

to be saved

Creating Custom Parts

„ Now we need to create

the PCB footprint for

our part As we did for

the schematic library,

highlight the PCB library

we created and then

click the PCB library tab

at the bottom This

expands the library and

shows all the

components inside the

library

Creating Custom Parts

„ Protel can either work in

mm units, or in mils.

„ 1” = 1000 mils = 25.4mm

„ 1mm = 39.4 mils

„ Most datasheets are given

in millimeters, but for

practice, we will use mils

„ Pressing ‘Q’ will toggle the

units between mm and

mils

„ Make sure mils are the unit

in the bottom left corner.

Creating Custom Parts

„ The first thing we will do

is orient the footprint at

the origin For this;

„ Draw a line (shown

„ Check to make sure

units are listed as mils, if

not, go to the previous

slide

Creating Custom Parts

„ The line you

created will

probably

disappear, it has

simply moved off

the visible grid If

this happens, click

the ‘fit document’

option This will

automatically zoom

in on the line we

created.

Creating Custom Parts

„ Double click on the

line, and change

the layer to ‘Top

Overlay’ We are

simply using this

line as a box that

will hold our pins

„ Top Layer= Copper

Creating Custom Parts

„ Single click on the line to

select it, click Ctrl-C to

copy the line and then

place the line anywhere.

„ Again, open up the

dimensions and make the

starting point

X=0, Y=200

and the ending point

X=400, Y=200

„ You should have the

following on the right at

this point

Creating Custom Parts

„ Continue the same procedure as before, but use the following points for two lines

Start: X=0, Y=200: End: X=0, Y=0

Start: X=400, Y=200: End: X=400, Y=0

„ This will complete the box You can also just draw a line and change the layer to top

overlay, but it is good habit to be as precise

as possible when dealing with PCB footprints

Creating Custom Parts

„ Click the ‘Place Pad’ icon as shown below and place a single pad

Creating Custom Parts

„ Double click the pad, and notice the hole dimensions Make the hole size 35 mils Many PCB Manufacturers have a limitation on the ‘Annular Ring’ size, the annual ring is the diameter of the pad – diameter of the hole divided by 2

„ EX: If the annular ring minimum is 7.5 mils, and the hole size is

35 mils, the pad size must be a minimum of 50 x 50 mils

Creating Custom Parts

„ Notice the designator = 0, this number will

correspond with the pin numbers we chose in the schematic part we made for this Also there is an option for multi-layer, this means there is a hole

through the board For surface mount parts, this will need to be changed to TOP LAYER (again it will be color coded red).

Creating Custom Parts

„ Change the designators as shown below, this corresponds to the pin numbers we chose

earlier Notice how the holes are not aligned

in any manner

Creating Custom Parts

„ Hold down shift

and single click

each hole, they

should all be

selected now

Right click on

any of the holes,

and click ‘align’

for custom

alignment

options

Creating Custom Parts

„ Another way is to pull up

the first pad, notice the X

This method is preferred

because it makes it easier

to align strange

components (such as the

footprint for an SD Flash

Card)

Creating Custom Parts

„ Now we need to

label the pads,

click the ‘Place

String’ icon

Creating Custom Parts

„ Make the following

changes to the text:

„ Width = 7 mil

desired)

„ NOTE: Mirrored text

is for placing text on

the back of the PCB

Creating Custom Parts

resize the box

and rotate the

text

Creating Custom Parts

„ Now we must link the

schematic part with the

PCB part we just made

Click the ‘project’ tab in

the bottom left corner

and open the schematic

library again Double

click the component you

made to bring up the

component properties

page

Creating Custom Parts

„ From the

component

properties page,

click the ‘add’ in the

bottom right corner

We are adding the

footprint to this

schematic, so select

footprint and click

ok

Creating Custom Parts

„ From the PCB

Model popup box,

click ‘browse’

Creating Custom Parts

„ Select your custom footprint/pcb library from the list

Creating Custom Parts

„ Select the footprint desired from the library Since this

is the first footprint we have created there is only one

in the list Click ok when done

Creating Custom Parts

„ This should bring you

back to the model

page, where you can

verify the footprint

choice you made

Creating Custom Parts

„ In the schematic

editor, we can now

verify that there is a

PCB footprint

associated with this

schematic, and verify

that the pins on the

schematic match the

pins on the footprint

we created

Schematic Editing

„ Click the ‘project’ tab in the bottom left corner and

go back to the schematic layout Add the new part

to the schematic Note that the footprint is present and the pins match the schematic drawing.

Schematic Editing

„ Make the following changes to the schematic

PCB Layout Editor

„ Our schematic drawing is now complete, now

we want to transfer this to a PCB Be sure to

be careful to associate all parts with the

proper footprints, and verified each footprint before even beginning to think about PCB

layout