Chapter 138. Moraxella Infections (Part 3) ppsx

Moraxella Infections Part 3 Other Moraxella Species Other Moraxella species are occasional causes of a wide range of infections, including bronchitis, pneumonia, empyema, endocarditis

Chapter 138 Moraxella Infections

(Part 3)

Other Moraxella Species

Other Moraxella species are occasional causes of a wide range of

infections, including bronchitis, pneumonia, empyema, endocarditis, meningitis, conjunctivitis, endophthalmitis, urinary tract infection, septic arthritis, and wound

infection In a report on all Moraxella isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention between 1953 and 1980, certain clinical associations were

apparent (Table 138-2) M osloensis and M nonliquefaciens, the most commonly

isolated species, were cultured from various normally sterile body sites, including

blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and joints M osloensis was the Moraxella species most frequently isolated from blood; M nonliquefaciens tended to be isolated

from the ears, nose, or throat (47%) or the sputum (8%) and has since been

implicated as a cause of conjunctivitis and keratitis M urethralis was isolated most often from urine and the genital tract and probably represents the Moraxella

species implicated previously in urethritis More than half of isolates of M

phenylpyruvica and M atlantae were obtained from normally sterile sites One

study found Moraxella spp., including M catarrhalis, in 35% of infected cat-bite

wounds and in 10% of infected dog-bite wounds The clinical features of

infections due to Moraxella spp other than M catarrhalis and the nature of the

hosts in which they occur have not been fully characterized

Table 138-2 Moraxella Species Other Than M catarrhalis

Moraxella

Species

Number

of Isolates

Common Sites/Clinical Association

Number (Percent) for Each Site

Blood 44 (22)

CSF 18 (9)

Urine 17 (9)

M

osloensis a

199

Respiratory tract 24 (12)

Blood 27 (8)

CSF 6 (2)

M

nonliquefaciens

356

Respiratory tract 196 (55)

M-6 47 Blood, bone 15 (32)

M lacunata 33 Conjunctivitis,

keratitis

23 (70)

Urine 16 (57)

M

urethralis

28

Genital tract 3 (11)

Blood 19 (26)

M

phenylpyruvica

73

CSF 8 (11)

Urine 12 (16)

Blood 20 (45)

M

atlantae

44

CSF 5 (11)

a

Some of these isolates would now be distinguished as a new species,

Moraxella lincolnii

Note: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid

Source: Adapted from a summary of CDC experience (Graham et al)

Further Readings

Graham DR et al: Infections caused by Moraxella, Moraxella urethralis,

Moraxella-like groups M-5 and M-6, and Kingella kingae in the United States,

1953–1980 Rev Infect Dis 12:423, 1990 [PMID: 2359906]

Ioannidis JPA et al: Spectrum and significance of bacteremia due to

Moraxella catarrhalis Clin Infect Dis 21:390, 1995 [PMID: 8562749]

Maayan H et al: Infective endocarditis due to Moraxella lacunata: Report

of 4 patients and review of published cases of Moraxella endocarditis Scand J

Infect Dis 36:878, 2005

Murphy TF et al: Moraxella catarrhalis in chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease: Burden of disease and immune response Am J Respir Crit Care Med 172:195, 2005 [PMID: 15805178]

Sethi S et al: New strains of bacteria and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease N Engl J Med 347:465, 2002 [PMID: 12181400]

Talan DA et al: Bacteriologic analysis of infected dog and cat bites N Engl

J Med 340:85, 1999 [PMID: 9887159]

Verduin CM et al: Moraxella catarrhalis: From emerging to established

pathogen Clin Microbiol Rev 15:125, 2002 [PMID: 11781271]

Bibliography

Wright PW et al: A descriptive study of 42 cases of Branhamella

catarrhalis pneumonia Am J Med 88(Suppl 5A):2S, 1990