Participatory Action Oriented Training for Household Water and Sanitation An Implementation Manual ppt

z Participatory Action Oriented Training for Household Water and Sanitation An Implementation Manual National Target Program II for Water and Sanitation December 2009... NTPII PAOT Impl

z

Participatory Action Oriented

Training

for Household Water and Sanitation

An Implementation Manual

National Target Program II for Water and Sanitation

December 2009

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual

PREFACE

This Implementation Manual has been developed to guide provinces who wish to use Participatory Action Oriented Training (PAOT) as an IEC and community development tool to improve water and sanitation and environment at the household level

The Implementation Manual has been developed from experiences in pilots under the National Target Program (NTPII) in Ninh Thuan and Dak Lak provinces as well as other applications of PAOT in Vietnam

Penelope Dutton, international consultant

Ho Thi Tuyet Hong, Tien Giang WU, trainer

Dinh Xuan Lam, national consultant, IEC specialist/trainer

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I WHY CHOOSE PAOT? 1

1 What is PAOT? 1

2 Why Choose PAOT? 1

3 Core Principles of PAOT 1

II PAOT PROCESS 2

1 Step 1: Decide Who’s the Lead Agency 2

2 Step 2: Decide the Scale of PAOT 2

3 Step 3: Discuss with Local Authorities 2

4 Step 4: Prepare a detailed Plan and Budget 3

5 Step 5: Hire a Specialist PAOT Trainer 3

6 Step 6: Develop Household Checklists of Target Behaviours 4

7 Step 7: Select and Train Local Communicators 5

8 Step 8: Communicators organize Household Meetings 5

9 Step 9: Monitor the process 5

10 Step 10: Evaluate the Program and Improve 6

III ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 6

1 Questions and Answers on Tien Giang’s WIND Program 6

2 Implementation in Tien Giang 9

3 Additional Resources 10

ANNEXES

Annex 1: Communicator Training Course Outline

Annex 2: Communicator Course Guide

Annex 3: Example Household Checklists

Annex 4: PAOT Lessons Learned from Ninh Thuan and Dak Lak province

Annex 5: Photos

Annex 6: Surveys

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual

ABBREVIATIONS

IEC Information Education and Communication

ILO International Labour Organisation

NTPII National Target Program II (for Rural Water Supply and

Sanitation)PAOT Participatory Action Oriented Training

WIND Work Improvement and Neighbourhood Development

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual PAOT PROCESS

1 What is PAOT?

Participatory Action Oriented Training (PAOT) is an IEC method which promotes practical household improvements that families can do on their own By identifying good local practices (good examples) and promoting these in the community through visual aids such

as photographs, PAOT inspires households to carry out immediate improvements in their home environment The basic idea of PAOT is that good local examples, such as an inexpensive, home-made handwashing device, or simply covering a well with available materials, are appropriate to the context, and more convincing to the local households

2 Why Choose PAOT?

PAOT is simple and practical If training and implementation is well supported PAOT can have a positive influence on changing behaviour, sometimes this can happen quickly

PAOT also helps build up communities by strengthening relationships between households and developing confidence in communities to solve their own problems

The method has been proven in Vietnam – it is not a completely new approach, but because

it is so simple and inexpensive PAOT does not get much attention It was originally developed by International Labour Organization (ILO) as a useful methodology for occupational safety and health training PAOT has improved operating conditions and safety for farmers, miners, industrial workers, and teachers in several provinces PAOT has also been applied in other South East Asian countries to improve efficiency and safety in the work place, such as mines

In NTPII, PAOT is being applied to household water and sanitation improvements The approach is piloted in Ninh Thuan Province (Luong Son and Hoa Son communes) and in Dak Lak Province (Ea D’rong and Yang Reh communes) In Ninh Thuan PAOT is being led by the provincial Department of Health with support from the Women’s Union, while in Dak Lak pCerwass is leading the process

3 Core Principles of PAOT

The core principles of PAOT are:

• Build on local practices – choose available local solutions in the community (or a similar community)

• Focus on positive achievements and build on the strengths of each household to improve its situation gradually

• Link water and sanitation with improving health and living conditions for the whole family

• Learn by doing – focus on the “doing” rather than the training and make step-wise improvements

• Encourage people and communities to share their experiences – this can stimulate the self-reliance and the enthusiasm of the community and people will come up with

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual PAOT PROCESS

their own ideas and solutions

• Promote people’s involvement – communities understand their conditions best and can solve their problems by themselves

This manual will show you the steps to follow to implement PAOT with a qualified trainer or facilitator

Implementing PAOT requires following some logical steps This manual will help you follow the steps

1 Step 1: Decide Who’s the Lead Agency

Deciding who will be the lead agency for implementing PAOT is important as they will be responsible for taking PAOT from idea to reality This is not just financial support but also spending time and effort to organize training, guide Communicators, and monitor implementation Whoever takes the lead role must be committed to seeing the PAOT through, and be prepared to invest time and money and effort in the process to bring success In some provinces the lead implementer has been the Centre for Preventive Medicine in the Department of Health, or pCerwass, or the Women’s Union

It is also important to identify other key stakeholders who can help and support PAOT For example, the Women’s Union, through its own program of activities, plays an important role

in promoting safe water and sanitation in households Should they be included as part of the implementation? It is a good idea to talk to the Provincial Women’s Union and discuss how they might support PAOT

Commune People’s Committees are also key stakeholders in PAOT and they must be fully involved in the process from the very beginning

2 Step 2: Decide the Scale of PAOT

Where will PAOT be implemented and why? Will it be two pilot communes to begin with, with a plan to extend to some or all communes in the province in the future? How will you prioritise where PAOT should be started? Will PAOT be implemented in poor remote communes or communes that are easy to get to for the implementing agency to visit? A decision is needed on the scale of PAOT and where it will be implemented first as this will affect the amount of budget and human resources that are needed

As a general rule it is better to start small, and learn the process than to try and do too many areas at once as it is difficult to support and encourage too many communes at one time

3 Step 3: Discuss with Local Authorities

It is important to discuss the plan with District and Commune authorities so they understand the purpose of PAOT and how they might be able to support you with implementation These discussions should take place very early in the planning stage Their local knowledge might help you with your planning and understanding of the local issues and needs, as these may be different between communes Local authorities are critical in unifying the

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual PAOT PROCESSimplementation plan, choosing commune staff and communicators.

The Commune People’s Committee is a key partner in making PAOT happen in the community so it is essential to make the time and effort to visit the area in advance and explain how PAOT works The relationship with local authorities should be an ongoing one, throughout the entire implementation and monitoring

4 Step 4: Prepare a detailed Plan and Budget

Now it is time to put your plan on paper and estimate the costs Your plan should include a timeframe of activities, as well as all the items that need to be budgeted for It is better to include a generous budget than to cut back costs and not be able to carry out the level of work and support required

Typical costs will include:

• PAOT staff time from the key implementing agency (for meetings, planning, preparing a budget, supervising, reporting)

• Travel for PAOT staff to visit the communes

• Specialist PAOT trainer/facilitator (time, travel costs, accommodation and living)

• Equipment (eg digital camera)

• Training of staff at district, commune and communicators about the skill to deploy the PAOT activities in the community (venue fee, training materials, refreshments, trainee allowances)

• Compiling and producing PAOT Materials (printing of checklists, reporting formats, handbook)

• Allowances for Communicators and group meetings (household meeting allowances)

• Support costs (small gifts or rewards for role model households, incentives for Communicators etc)

• Supervision of how communicators carry out the activities in the community (staff time costs, travel)

• Evaluation (workshop or meeting costs similar to training)

5 Step 5: Hire a Specialist PAOT Trainer

Not everyone can be a PAOT trainer Master Trainers need to have been trained and developed skills in promoting self-help initiatives of local people They should have first hand experience of implementing PAOT elsewhere so they can guide you in the process, not just

be the “Trainer” Their teaching style needs to be highly participatory and respectful of community ideas

Find a good trainer by talking to others who have implemented PAOT A good starting point

is to contact the following people or organizations:

• Tien Giang Women’s Union, Ms Ho Tuyet Hong

• Ninh Thuan Department of Health, Dr Khanh

• Dak Lak pCerwass, Mr Pham Phu Bon

• Soc Trang Women’s Union, Ms Trinh

• UNICEF

• National Women’s Union, Hanoi

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual PAOT PROCESS

6 Step 6: Develop Household Checklists of Target

Behaviours

Compiling and producing materials for PAOT is a critical step

You will need expert support to identify and photograph local low cost, practical examples of water and sanitation solutions To do this you will need to have some desirable behaviours in mind and discuss these with local stakeholders such as the Commune People’s Committee, Health Centre, Women’s Union, or Farmers Union They can help you locate some good examples in the commune, and can confirm what are appropriate target behaviours For example, if there is no piped water scheme in the community and none is planned then connecting to the piped water scheme should not be a target behaviour

It is important to choose practical low cost solutions as examples When the community carefully observes and admires good solutions from other people who are in similar conditions, they can easily see what to do Simple solutions also motivate people to take immediate action Over time they can improve the solution according to their needs and ability

Photographs play a vital role in PAOT The entire training course depends very much on photographs showing good examples clearly, so the Trainer is the best person to take the photographs They can fully understand the value of an improvement, therefore they can identify which details are necessary to include in each photograph and the collection of photos

Use a digital camera to photograph local examples Before taking a photo, be sure that you know its exact “message” Photos in PAOT provide participants with a practical view to solve problems; therefore during the training workshop, trainers must be sure that the message of the picture is clear Don’t take photos with too many details in them but focus on the main object or example When you take photos, ask for permission from people and explain your purposes Local people are usually very interested and willing to cooperate

Select the most appropriate photographs for the use in the household checklist The other photos can still be used in the training to provide examples of other solutions

All the training materials, checklists and Communicator guidebooks must be ready in time for the training

At the beginning stage, a survey should be undertaken to find out the baseline situation, before PAOT is implemented Such a survey will help you compare the changing process and document the achievements over time

A baseline survey should relate to the behaviours and practices that you want PAOT to change, and it should be simple and easy to carry out and understand the data Baseline information can be collected on the number of households with toilets, with piped water connections, with covered wells and so on You can also collect information from households on their attitudes and knowledge which could help you to implement PAOT such

as what they know about credit services, and which mass organizations they are members

of After implementation, the same survey can be carried out and the results compared The results can be a powerful tool to prove to leaders the influence of PAOT, or to learn more about what can be improved in the PAOT process Appendix 6 contains some more information about Baseline and Evaluation Surveys

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual PAOT PROCESS

7 Step 7: Select and Train Local Communicators

Well before the training, the type of Communicator needed should be discussed with the Commune representatives The best Communicators are those that have a personal interest

in improving the water and sanitation situation in their community, and are active in their community Often they are role models for good environmental behaviour It is important that they are credible to the community

Communicators should understand their role before the training When they understand their role, communicators will better appreciate the need to focus on training content, and pay attention to what they will need to do on their own after the training

Local communicators/role models are trained by an experienced PAOT trainer in the concepts of PAOT and how to motivate households At the beginning of the course they are introduced to the action checklist The training includes observation visits to households, and practice at running household meetings as part of the training Staff at district, commune and village level are also trained in the communicator training (but it is necessary to have the support from experts and trainers)

8 Step 8: Communicators organize Household Meetings

After training, Communicators initiate meetings with households During the meeting, the Communicator explains the household checklist, and facilitates the group to share experiences, and identify their priorities for improvement Households develop an action plan for their own situation and goals, which includes an estimate of the time when each improvement will be achieved They each get a household checklist and use this as a reminder for action and to follow their progress towards their own goals After the meetings, motivators should visit the households to: advise households how to improve; record the changes of households; and report to higher level authorities monthly or quarterly depending

on their agreed reporting schedules

Households who were good at improving their living conditions should also be motivators as they have the experience and enthusiasm for the role Initially they can organize meetings with their families and neighbours, (with the support of more experienced motivators) Experience from Ninh Thuan and Daklak shows that: in order to support motivators to carry out quality activities in their community and support them to have enough enthusiasm from the beginning, financial support is needed for motivators to conduct meetings and household visits immediately after training Provincial and district members from the implementing organizations should allocate time to visit the community at least every 3-6 months to meet and assist motivators If there is no financial support to PAOT or provincial/district staff support, PAOT activities in the community will quickly come to a halt

9 Step 9: Monitor the process

It is important to monitor both the PAOT process (how it is implemented) and the improvements made Monitoring should include supporting and supervising activities in communes, and villages, and ensuring data is collected continuously during implementation Data should be collected on the number of households making improvements, number and type of improvements of households, and the timeframe for making improvements A survey should be taken a second time to get results on the effectiveness of the program and to prepare for the evaluation workshop (see step 10) The survey can include quantitative information such as the number of improvements made, but should also include qualitative information (through interviews with households) to find out the positive and negative

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual PAOT PROCESSaspects of the PAOT program

10 Step 10: Evaluate the Program and Improve

Process monitoring (finding out what is going well and what is not working, and why) will help identify areas that need to be improved, for example refresher training of Communicators may be needed A full review of the PAOT implementation should be made and the results presented at an Evaluation Workshop This workshop is the important time to make plans to improve implementation and multiply the PAOT method

III ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

1 Questions and Answers on Tien Giang’s WIND Program

Before PAOT was piloted in Ninh Thuan and Dak Lak provinces, representatives from these provinces visited Tien Giang province, where PAOT has been used to improve household living conditions through the WIND (Work Improvement in Neighbourhoods) program The purpose of PAOT was to “improve the labour condition, equipment and environmental sanitation” of households The following questions and answers maybe helpful for those considering introducing a PAOT program, even if the objectives are different

Question:

How can we apply a PAOT program in a household if only the wife OR the husband agrees to

it, not both spouses? What should we do if households oppose PAOT?

Answer:

In order to evaluate a family and know the real situation, we must consider the house carefully from the inside to the garden However, many residents do not understand the program, therefore, they sometimes do not cooperate with us In this case, we choose other families because this program is based on voluntary participation and gender equality

Question:

How can we choose the best IEC method for different objectives eg water and sanitation? What is the criteria to choose the program’s objectives?

Answer:

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual PAOT PROCESSThere are different IEC methods that the WSS program has been applying like mass media, direct communications PAOT is much more focused on learning by doing, practicing rather than theory Direct face to face methods should be simple so that community motivators can easily apply the methods, such as sharing how they improve water and sanitation models, based on pictures or models in their household The indicators should be simple WSS options such as hygienic wells, latrines, waste treatment, and household organisation

Program objectives depend on the overall objectives eg the objectives of the NTPII Local variations of the objectives or different priorities are possible

Each village/ hamlet chooses and trains some volunteers Normally, each hamlet has 3 volunteers

After being trained, the volunteers introduce the WIND program to residents in small groups

at village, hamlet level The participants are households (both husbands and wives) The number of households who join the training course, depends on the local condition

At the WIND class in village/hamlet, after visiting and directly evaluating the households, learners will discuss in groups and decide the issues which need to be improved Only 5 or 6 issues should be raised and we should not choose too many things to do at the same time

We also prioritise which issues should be solved: which ones can be addressed immediately and which ones may be solved later (around 1 or 3 months)

When some households register to join the program, volunteers arrange time to randomly visit and evaluate those households

Question:

How do we find out which solutions are suitable for our area For example, is hanging a mosquito net a suitable checklist item? Is this still a positive improvement if there are so many pigs/cows? How to deal with waste treatment in rural areas?

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual PAOT PROCESS

Answer:

PAOT changes residents’ behaviours through prioritizing selected behaviour changes, using available tools and skills in order to solve the problems but in a cost saving manner

There are some principles to apply this method:

- Focus on the practical solutions

- Actions should be conducted continuously in order to gradually improve

- Diversify solutions

Therefore, we do not determine the solutions, but only guide the residents to see good models The households will choose the solution based on their conditions, local customs Hanging a mosquito net will benefit that particular household and over time other households are likely to adopt that behaviour and also use mosquito nets Issues like animal waste are an individual and a community problem PAOT creates the first step of change by changing household behaviour so they experience benefits Over time the community is able

to solve bigger problems by using similar practical steps eg keeping animals in pens, having

an area for animal waste

As a result, this program is pervasive This is not theoretical but a visual change, therefore, it

or items from the PAOT household checklist as new criteria

However, we can use the PAOT program as a path to strive for the Cultural Family (or Healthy Family) because there are many positive changes to improve the family life and similarities between the objectives

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual PAOT PROCESS

2 Implementation in Tien Giang

The following is a description of some key features of the WIND program in Tien Giang

Communicators’ awareness and behavior: communicators are enthusiastic, have a rich

sense of responsibility, they consider sanitation promotion as one of their main duties, and they are proud of their work to create a clean, clear environment

Local authorities’ support: local authorities’ staffs at commune and village level are

interested very much in activities of sanitation environment scale They consider water and sanitation in households as a criteria to vote as a cultural family; sanitation at public places

as a criteria to vote cultural village, commune

PAOT - Oganisation and implementation methods: The Women’s Union has relied on

the current framework of organization to deploy activities such as: training for staff at district and commune levels, training for communicators at commune level (women in the commune, farmers’ union), supporting communicators to organize the residents’ meetings Because the Women’s Union invites couples to be involved (two key persons of each family),

it is easy to get household agreement about any issue To attract participation from the residents, communicators have used direct communication methods such as small group meetings, encouraging participants, showing practical pictures The meetings are held at the residents’ households, therefore, it is easy for the residents to visit, evaluate and apply in their houses This also gives a positive influence to the residents around Families begin with small changes, but the most important change is everybody’s awareness of getting better life

Materials: materials used for this method are practical pictures and models based on

chosen topics such as water tanks with covers, saved firewood stoves, well arranged households etc These materials are so easy to make that anybody may do it (however, WIND materials are made by staff at the district level) It is necessary to have digital camera and computer (sometimes this is a problem for the collaborators)

Training for communicators: Communicators learn some theory in the commune but as

part of the training, practice their skills at real households Therefore, after being trained, communicators are confident enough to organise group meetings in their local areas

Budgets: it is very difficult to compare the budget because almost the program is combined

to local available activities such as meetings of women’s union, farmers’ union and the residents join the program voluntarily The deploying expenditures such as training fees are based on the government and local policies

Application and replication: PAOT may be applied to all areas but it is especially effective

in rural areas, for minority people Because the program is undertaken on a small group scale, the participants are limited, so progress may seem slow at times PAOT should be used as a good model for agencies to visit, study and apply for their work units (health, education, Women’s Union etc) Therefore, staff from different agencies should apply this method flexibly based on the local situation and their unit’s topics

To be a effective and sustainable, PAOT should be combined with current community activities such as meetings of Women Union’s branches, Farmers Union, producer groups, and even household visits (in Tien Giang, household visits conducted by members of Women’s Union have brought good results)

To change residents’ behavior, PAOT must be first applied at the leaders’ households as an example eg the village leader, medical center staff, Women’s Union staff After that, PAOT

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual PAOT PROCESSshould be applied for the residents.

In order to help small group meeting to be more effective, local radio broadcasts should be used as an additional means of communication

Changing behaviour checklists and communicators’ supervision are key to the success of PAOT.

Center for Occupational Health and Environment

Can Tho Health Department

Address: 234 Tran Hung Dao St - CanTho City

Tel: 84-71-831 498 - Fax: 84-71-831 499

Website:http://www.win-asia.org Email: cpo@hcm.vnn.vn

Tien Giang Women’s Union

My Tho City

Ms Ho Tuyet Hong,

Ninh Thuan Department of Health

Centre for Preventive Medicine

Dr Le Quoc Khanh

Dak Lak pCerwass

Mr Pham Phu Bon, Director

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual PAOT PROCESS

Annex 1: Communicator Training Outline (Ninh Thuan)

TRAINING FOR MOTIVATORS

IN PAOT OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION

IN LUONG SON COMMUNE, NINH SON DISTRICT, NINH THUAN PROVINCE

- Stating for opening – Medical Prevention Health Centre

- Getting acquainted – Wishing tree

- Introducing the purposes and training program

- Making classroom regulation8:45 - 9:00 Break time

Exercise: visiting households, filling in visiting checklist

9:00 - 9:30 Guiding to fill in visiting checklist

9:30 - 10:30 Doing the exercise of visiting checklist (visit 1 household)

15:30 – 15:50 Presenting group’s discussion and discussing together

15:50 – 16:30 Evaluating and taking experience of the first working day

Second day (4th, September, 2009) SUPPORT SUBJECT

07:30 – 08:30 Introducing simple models which are easily made by householders

08:30 – 09:30 Introducing model of collecting and treating rubbish

09:30 – 09:45 Learners register and present their commitment of improving their households

Break time

Some skills for organizing group meeting or visiting households

09:45 – 10: 30 Skills for making questions

10g 30 – 11:00 Methods in making group discussion

11:00 – 11:30 Typical examples of low cost solutions

11:30 - 13:00 Lunch time

PRACTICE: ORGANIZING 01 CLASS IN THE COMMUNITY

13:30 – 13:50 Technical lesson: procedure of organizing a class in the community

13:50 – 14:20 Working in two groups

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual PAOT PROCESS

14:20 – 14:40 Practice: 1st group

14:40 – 15:00 Break time

15:00 – 15:20 Practice: 2nd group

15:20 – 15:40 Taking experience from practices

15:40 – 16:00 Assigning field works

Preparing ten farmer households in the commune (wife, husband) divided into 2 groups to take practice in the community

16.00 – 16:30 Evaluating and taking experience of the second working day

Third day – FIELD WORK (5 th , September, 2009)

07:30 – 09:00 Organizing a PAOT class between 5 households at 01 resident’s house (group

1)09:00 – 09:15 Organizing a PAOT class between 5 households at 01 resident’s house (group

2) 09: 15 – 11.00 Field work group discussion: each group finds 03 strength points and 03 points

needed to improve

Lunch time

Following the improvement and guiding to write report at commune level.

13:30 – 14:00 Guidance on using the communicator handbook

14:00 – 14:30 Hamlet discussion: making plan to organize PAOT class at hamlet level (from

1st to 30th September)14:30 – 15:00 Presenting hamlet’s plan

14:15 – 14:30 Break time

CLOSING PROGRAM

14:30 – 16g30 The prominent points of PAOT (watching film)

16.30 – 17.00 - Images recorded from the previous training

- Some motivators impression

- Organizing board’s impression

- Closing the training course for communicators

PREPARATION:

1 IN COMMUNE:

- Trainees

- Training place: enough space for 25 people, chairs are arranged in U shape

- 01 farmer household to take the checklist practices

- 10 farmer households (both husband and wife) to practice 2 PAOT classes at 2 residents’ houses

2 STATIONERY:

- Projector (if available)

- Board (to write on or to hang A0 paper)

- A0 paper (30ps)

- A4 paper (1 sheet)

- A4 colored paper, 20ps/color, 60ps in total

- Sticking- plaster, oil pens, scissors

- 12 checklist pictures in à size (color is preferred)

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual PAOT PROCESS

- Making plan form at hamlet level (1p/hamlet):12ps

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual

Annex 2: Communicator Training Course Guide and Materials

up Cooperation game A4 colour-paper group one sheet of paper that was cut with different Divide participants into small groups Give each

parts and different shapes and ask participants in each group to quickly put the parts of the paper together to make an original picture

Prepare some coloured cut up A4 papers

for each group

HOUSEHOLD CHECKLIST’S MEANING

- Household checklist is a test to evaluate the learner’s attitude toward others’ behavior

- Is a list of suggestion about feasible solutions or it

is called “local solution for improvement”

- It is the main tool of PAOT

Powerpoint Slide

CHECKLIST HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE

The household checklist includes 4 technical subjects

Each subject has 4 ideasEach idea includes:

- Picture: showing suggested behaviour

- Check: do you want to make any changes?

- There is 1 square for you to fill in 3 situations: Yes – No – Priority and Notice

The household checklist includes 2 parts designed in an A4 paper:

- Side 1 is the structure of checklist (this should be drawing pictures which help the learners to imagine the solution)

- Side 2 is list of improvement register (this is recommended solutions, so they should be photograph)

In this lesson (Activity 2), we learn side 1-Household checklist.

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual

Observing - Learners skim the whole Household Checklist

- Each learner reads out loud each checklist one after the other

Presentation Powerpoint Slide

The checklist is used to make a subjective comparison between recommended behaviours in the checklist and the real life examples at the place we visit:

− If you are not satisfied with these available examples, fill in square named NO

− If you are satisfied with these available examples, fill in square named YES

- If a square named YES has an item which needs to be modified soon, fill in square named PRIORITY

Notice is part that you may write on whatever you want the household to change

Powerpoint Slide

FILL IN THE HOUSEHOLD CHECKLIST

- Introduce something about the household

- Ask if the learners understand clearly how to fill in the checklist

- The household selected for the class visit should be prepared in advance (this is only

administrative preparation, do not prepare a very clean, tidy house)

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual

- Ask the learners to go around the house, observe and write down their opinion on the checklist Each learner should do this activity individually, do not discuss, if they need information, the learner may ask the household owner

and its location should be near the training place

- Household used for visiting and doing checklist should be appropriate and include things involved in the checklist

* Select group by counting from 1 to

5 and gather into 5 random groups

Group discussion content:

• Based on household visit results, each group finds out 3 strong points and 3 points that need improvement

• Rank the priority of improvement and write

on coloured paper Each group appoints a person to present their discussion and stick their paper on the available board

GROUP STRONG POINTS

POINTS NEED IMPROVEMENT 1

2 3 4 5

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual

TECHNICAL SUBJECTS

2.1

Purpose - Understand deeply the 4 technical subjects of Water and Sanitation

Content - Sharing solutions of water and sanitation

- Methods of explaining and guiding a subject

- Group discussionTime 4 hours 1hour for each subject

Preparation - White board pen, A0 paper, A4 paper, projector, hand out, scissors, sticky-tape, paper clips

- Pictures of recommended solutions

ACTIVITY PROCESS METHOD VISUAL AIDS CONTENT NOTES FOR TRAINER

Activity 1

10 mins

General introduction about the main materials

of PAOT

Presentation SOLLUTIONS FOR WATER AND SANITATION

There are 4 technical subjects:

1 USING AND PROTECTING THE CLEAN WATER SOURCES

2 GARBAGE COLLECTION AND WASTE TREATMENT

-Pictures are shown based on documents order-Raising

questions

projector Choosing safe water sources - Do not give general questions

such as “What can you see from this picture?” Learners may just focus on weak points, cannot find out the strengths

- Read “Skill of making questions” for further information

“choosing safe water sources”

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual

Water Treatment at Household

Cover the water tank

Protect water meter

Activity 3 Finding the

strengths and things that need to

be improved

Group discussion

Activity 4 Group

presentation and summary

Presenting • Group representative presents

• Summarizing the strengths and points that need improvement

Based on the shared solutions about the subject of Water, each group thinks of the visited household and finds out:

• 3 strong points

• 3 points need improvement

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual

- Pictures are shown based

on document order

- Giving questions

Contribute opinions on establishing the board of scheme management

- Do not give general questions such as “What can you see from this picture?” Learners may just focus on weak points, cannot find out the strengths

- Read “Skill of making questions” for further information

Paying water charge in order to be supplied clean water

“Contribute opinions

on establishing the board of scheme management”

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual

Protect the scheme

Protect water meter

Finding the strengths and things that need

to be improved

Group Presentation Based on the shared solutions about the subject of

Water, each group thinks of the visited household and finds out:

Presenting • Group representative presents

• Summarizing the strengths and points need improvement

NTPII PAOT Implementation Manual

- Pictures are showed based

on document’s order

- Raising questions

Building and using hygienic toilet - Do not give general

questions such as “What can you see from this picture?” Learners may just focus on weak points, cannot find out the strengths

- Read “Skill of making questions” for further information

Digging hole to bury organic wastes

Building animals’ cages away from water resources

“Building and using hygienic toilet”

to focus on the topic

“Digging hole to bury organic wastes”