Sat - MC Grawhill part 68 ppsx

John Locke was one of the first philosophers to attack the principle of primogeniture, the practice of handing the monarchy down to the king’s first-born son.. A primogeniture, the pract

Questions 10–16 are based on the following passage.

The following is an excerpt from an essay

enti-tled Political Ideals, written in 1917 by Bertrand

Russell.

It is not one ideal for all men, but a separate

ideal for each separate man, that has to be

real-ized if possible Every man has it in his being

to develop into something good or bad: there is

a best possible for him, and a worst possible

His circumstances will determine whether his

capacities for good are developed or crushed,

and whether his bad impulses are strengthened

or gradually diverted into better channels

But although we cannot set up in any detail

an ideal of character which is to be

univer-sally applicable—although we cannot say, for

instance, that all men ought to be industrious,

or self-sacrificing, or fond of music—there are

some broad principles which can be used to

guide our estimates as to what is possible or

desirable

We may distinguish two sorts of goods,

and two corresponding sorts of impulses

There are goods in regard to which individual

possession is possible, and there are goods in

which all can share alike The food and

cloth-ing of one man is not the food and clothcloth-ing of

another; if the supply is insufficient, what one

man has is obtained at the expense of some

other man This applies to material goods

gen-erally, and therefore to the greater part of the

present economic life of the world On the

other hand, mental and spiritual goods do not

belong to one man to the exclusion of

an-other If one man knows a science, that does

not prevent others from knowing it; on the

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main point of the paragraph?

(A) People will eat only what they are

geneti-cally determined to eat

(B) All animal behavior is instinctive

(C) Cows and other animals should not be

fed by humans

(D) Habits in animals are impossible to

break

(E) Inherited tendencies manifest

them-selves in behavioral habits

does not prevent others from painting pic-tures or writing poems, but helps to create the atmosphere in which such things are possible

If one man is full of good-will toward others, that does not mean that there is less goodwill

to be shared among the rest; the more good-will one man has, the more he is likely to create among others

In such matters there is no possession, because there is not a definite amount to be shared; any increase anywhere tends to produce an increase everywhere

There are two kinds of impulses, corre-sponding to the two kinds of goods There are possessive impulses, which aim at acquiring or retaining private goods that cannot be shared; these center in the impulse of property And there are creative or constructive impulses, which aim at bringing into the world or mak-ing available for use the kind of goods in which there is no privacy and no possession

The best life is the one in which the cre-ative impulses play the largest part and the possessive impulses the smallest This is no new discovery The Gospel says: “Take no thought, saying, What shall we eat? or What shall we drink? Or Wherewithal shall we be clothed?” The thought we give to these things

is taken away from matters of more impor-tance And what is worse, the habit of mind engendered by thinking of these things is a bad one; it leads to competition, envy, domi-nation, cruelty, and almost all the moral evils that infest the world In particular, it leads to the predatory use of force Material posses-sions can be taken by force and enjoyed by the robber Spiritual possessions cannot be taken

in this way You may kill an artist or a thinker, but you cannot acquire his art or his thought You may put a man to death because

he loves his fellow-men, but you will not by so doing acquire the love which made his happi-ness Force is impotent in such matters; it is only as regards material goods that it is effec-tive For this reason the men who believe in force are the men whose thoughts and desires are preoccupied with material goods

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10. Which of the following best summarizes the

main point of the passage?

(A) People should strive harder to appreciate

the arts

(B) Nothing can be possessed exclusively by

one person

(C) Societies need strong laws against

stealing

(D) Creativity is of higher value than

possessiveness

(E) Scarce resources should be shared

equally in a society

11. The passage mentions “food and clothing”

(lines 22–23) primarily as examples of things

that

(A) everyone needs to survive

(B) create a positive atmosphere of sharing

(C) many underdeveloped countries lack

(D) cannot be shared as freely as other things

(E) are hard to find

12. As it is used in line 43, “such matters” can be

inferred to refer to situations in which

(A) people must compete for ownership of

goods

(B) artists struggle to sell their works

(C) people strive to be industrious

(D) philosophers endeavor to define human

ideals

(E) possessing a good does not deny it to

someone else

13. In line 51, the phrase “impulse of ” most nearly

means

(A) reaction against

(B) restriction of

(C) sharing of

(D) fear of

(E) desire for

14. According to the author, “force is impotent in such matters” (line 77) because

(A) violence cannot influence another per-son’s thoughts

(B) moral people do not engage in violence (C) spiritual things cannot be acquired coercively

(D) a good person will always be protected

by friends (E) reason is more powerful than physical force

15. In the last paragraph, the author indicates that his thesis is not

(A) ancient (B) a matter of logic (C) relevant to those who are already happy (D) original

(E) universal

16. Which of the following examples, if it existed, would most directly refute the main point of the author?

(A) a person who finds a large sum of money and gives it to charity

(B) an invention that benefits all of hu-mankind even though it was created only

to make money for its inventor (C) a tyrant who murders intellectuals in order to maintain his authority (D) a thief who steals in order to feed his starving family

(E) an army that invades another country and plunders its wealth

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The following passage was written for The

Atlantic Monthly in 1902 by Native American

writer Zitkala-Sa, also known as Gertrude

Simmons Bonnin.

The racial lines, which once were bitterly

real, now serve nothing more than marking

out a living mosaic of human beings And even

here men of the same color are like the ivory

keys of one instrument where each represents

all the rest, yet varies from them in pitch and

quality of voice Thus with a compassion for

all echoes in human guise, I greet the

solemn-faced “native preacher” whom I find awaiting

me I listen with respect for God’s creature,

though he mouth most strangely the jangling

phrases of a bigoted creed

As our tribe is one large family, where

every person is related to all the others, he

ad-dressed me:

“Cousin, I came from the morning church

service to talk with you.”

“Yes,” I said interrogatively, as he paused

for some word from me

Shifting uneasily about in the

straight-backed chair he sat upon, he began: “Every

holy day (Sunday) I look about our little God’s

house, and not seeing you there, I am

disap-pointed This is why I come today Cousin, as

I watch you from afar, I see no unbecoming

behavior and hear only good reports of you,

which all the more burns me with the wish

that you were a church member Cousin, I

was taught long years ago by kind

missionar-ies to read the holy book These godly men

taught me also the folly of our old beliefs

“There is one God who gives reward or

pun-ishment to the race of dead men In the upper

region the Christian dead are gathered in

un-ceasing song and prayer In the deep pit below,

the sinful ones dance in torturing flames

“Think upon these things, my cousin, and

choose now to avoid the after-doom of hell

fire!” Then followed a long silence in which he

clasped tighter and unclasped again his

inter-locked fingers

Like instantaneous lightning flashes came

pictures of my own mother’s making, for she,

too, is now a follower of the new superstition

taper of braided dry grass, but failed of his in-tent, for the fire died out and the half burned brand fell inward to the floor Directly above

it, on a shelf, lay the holy book This is what

we found after our return from a several days’ visit Surely some great power is hid in the sa-cred book!”

Brushing away from my eyes many like pic-tures, I offered midday meal to the converted Indian sitting wordless and with downcast face No sooner had he risen from the table with “Cousin, I have relished it,” than the church bell rang

Thither he hurried forth with his afternoon sermon I watched him as he hastened along, his eyes bent fast upon the dusty road till he disappeared at the end of a quarter of a mile The little incident recalled to mind the copy

of a missionary paper brought to my notice a few days ago, in which a “Christian” pugilist1

commented upon a recent article of mine, grossly perverting the spirit of my pen Still I would not forget that the pale-faced mission-ary and the aborigine are both God’s creatures, though small indeed their own conceptions of Infinite Love A wee child toddling in a wonder world, I prefer to their dogma my excursions into the natural gardens where the voice of the Great Spirit is heard in the twittering of birds, the rippling of mighty waters, and the sweet breathing of flowers If this is Paganism, then

at present, at least, I am a Pagan

17. The main purpose of the passage as a whole is to (A) describe one person’s perspective on an attempt at religious conversion

(B) compare Native American religious tradi-tion to European religious traditradi-tion (C) analyze the rise of Christianity in Native American tribes

(D) refute a misconception about the nature of Paganism

(E) describe a conflict between the author and her mother

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1 One who fights for a cause; also, a prize fighter

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18. The reference to “pitch and quality of voice”

(lines 6–7) serves to emphasize

(A) the variety in vocal quality of religious

singers

(B) the harshness with which many

preachers rebuke their congregations

(C) the sounds that the author hears in nature

(D) the author’s inability to understand what

the native preacher is saying

(E) the differences among members of the

same race

19. In the first paragraph, the author

character-izes the preacher primarily as

(A) respectful

(B) articulate

(C) uneducated

(D) intolerant

(E) compassionate

20. According to the passage, the preacher

addressed the author as “cousin” because

(A) it is customary for preachers to refer to

church members with that term

(B) the tribe members are all related

(C) the preacher’s mother and the author’s

mother are sisters

(D) the preacher had forgotten the author’s

name

(E) the author refused to answer to her given

name

21. According to the passage, the native preacher and

the author’s mother are alike in that they both

(A) have experienced attempted arson

(B) must travel a great deal

(C) have similar religious beliefs

(D) relish the midday meal

(E) enjoy excursions into the natural gardens

22. In line 68, the word “spirit” most nearly means (A) apparition

(B) lively nature (C) intent (D) fear (E) presence

23. In the final paragraph, the author characterizes herself primarily as

(A) mature (B) creative (C) vengeful (D) repressed (E) awed

24. The author mentions “conceptions of Infinite Love” (lines 71–72) in order to emphasize which of the following characteristics of the

“pale-faced missionary” (lines 69–70)?

(A) small-mindedness (B) reluctance to persist in the attempt to convert the author to Christianity (C) generosity toward aborigines (D) sympathy for animals (E) high intelligence

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only Do not turn to any other section of the test.

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1. Claims about harmful effects of the genetic al-teration of vegetables is more speculation than documented fact

(A) is more speculation than documented fact (B) are more with speculation than of a doc-umented fact

(C) is more of a speculation than a docu-mented fact

(D) are more speculation than documented fact (E) are a matter of more speculation than documented fact

2. Having passed the test for certification, Macken-zie was looking forward to finding a challenging teaching position in her home town

(A) Having passed (B) Passing (C) Being that she passed (D) If she had passed (E) For her passing

3. Having once been a provincial schoolmaster, Jean-Paul Sartre’s writing was always oriented

more towards clear instruction than pontification.

(A) Jean-Paul Sartre’s writing was always oriented more towards clear instruction than pontification

(B) Jean-Paul Sartre always wrote more to instruct than to pontificate

(C) the writings of Jean-Paul Sartre were always oriented more toward instruction than pontification

(D) Jean-Paul Sartre was oriented in his writing more toward instruction than pontification

(E) Jean-Paul Sartre’s writing was more to instruct than to pontificate

35 questions

Turn to Section 6 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and

fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet

The following sentences test correctness and

effectiveness of expression Part of each

sen-tence or the entire sensen-tence is underlined;

beneath each sentence are five ways of

phras-ing the underlined material Choice A repeats

the original phrasing; the other four choices

are different If you think the original phrasing

produces a better sentence than any of the

alternatives, select choice A; if not, select one

of the other choices

In making your selection, follow the

require-ments of standard written English; that is, pay

attention to grammar, choice of words, sentence

construction, and punctuation Your selection

should result in the most effective sentence—

clear and precise, without awkwardness or

ambiguity

EXAMPLE:

The children couldn’t hardly believe their eyes

(A) couldn’t hardly believe their eyes

(B) could hardly believe their eyes

(C) would not hardly believe their eyes

(D) couldn’t nearly believe their eyes

(E) couldn’t hardly believe his or her eyes

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4. Adam Smith was a professor of philosophy, a

commissioner of customs, and founded the

field of modern economics

(A) a commissioner of customs, and founded

the field of modern economics

(B) worked as commissioner of customs, and

founded the field of modern economics

(C) a commissioner of customs, and the

founder of the field of modern economics

(D) commissioned customs, and was the

founder of the field of modern economics

(E) a commissioner of customs, and was the

founder of the field of modern economics

5. John Locke was one of the first philosophers

to attack the principle of primogeniture, the

practice of handing the monarchy down to the

king’s first-born son

(A) primogeniture, the practice of handing

the monarchy down

(B) primogeniture; the practice of handing

the monarchy down

(C) primogeniture being the practice of

handing the monarchy down

(D) primogeniture that which handed down

the monarchy

(E) primogeniture this was the practice of

handing the monarchy down

6. The nation’s fledgling economy struggled

be-cause the investment from other countries

into its major industries was lacking from

most of them

(A) because the investment from other

coun-tries into its major induscoun-tries was lacking

from most of them

(B) because few other countries were willing

to invest in its major industries

(C) due to the fact that few other countries

would have invested in its major

industries

(D) because of the lack of investment from few

other countries in its major industries

(E) for the lack of investment in its major

in-dustries from other countries

7. The corporation began construction on the new building in January, but there is still no

completion.

(A) there is still no completion (B) they have yet to complete it (C) it has yet to complete the project (D) they have not still completed it yet (E) it isn’t hardly done yet

8. Having spread more quickly than antibiotics could be distributed, doctors were prevented

from effectively treating the virulent disease.

(A) doctors were prevented from effectively treating the virulent disease

(B) doctors could not effectively treat the viru-lent disease because it thwarted them (C) the doctors who were trying to treat it effectively were prevented by the virulent disease

(D) the virulent disease prevented itself from its being treated effectively by the doctors

(E) the virulent disease prevented the doctors from treating it effectively

9. Although psychologist B F Skinner, who is best known as the man who popularized be-haviorism, he also wrote a utopian novel

enti-tled Walden Two.

(A) Skinner, who is best known as the man who popularized behaviorism, he (B) Skinner, who is best known as the man who popularized behaviorism,

(C) Skinner is best known as the man who popularized behaviorism, he

(D) Skinner popularized behaviorism, for which he is well known, nevertheless he (E) Skinner, who is best known as the man who popularized behaviorism, is the one who

that the dog that had been following her was

now gone No error

13. Marlena was honored not only for her initiative in establishing the fund for war A

refugees but also in devoting so much

B

of her own time and money C

to its success No error

14. The Medieval era in music is considered

A

by most scholars to begin during the reign

of Pope Gregory and to have ended around the middle of the 15th century

D

No error E

15. Neither the artists who were at the vanguard

A

of the Expressionist movement or even the

B critics of the era could have foreseen

C the impact of this new mode on the general D

public No error

E

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(A) Singing for over 2 hours, Anita’s

hoarse-ness prevented her hitting the high notes

(B) Singing for over 2 hours, Anita was

un-able to hit the high notes because of her

hoarseness

(C) Having sung for over 2 hours, Anita’s

hoarseness prevented her from hitting

the high notes

(D) Having sung for over 2 hours, Anita was

no longer able to hit the high notes

be-cause of her hoarseness

(E) Having sung for over 2 hours, Anita’s

ability to hit the high notes was

pre-vented by her hoarseness

11. Some philosophers maintain that language is

essential to formulating certain thoughts;

others, that even the most complex thoughts

are independent of words

(A) thoughts; others, that

(B) thoughts, however, that others maintain

that

(C) thoughts others suggest that

(D) thoughts and that others believe

(E) thoughts but others, however, that

The following sentences test your ability to

recognize grammar and usage errors Each

sentence contains either a single error or no

error at all No sentence contains more than

one error The error, if there is one, is

under-lined and lettered If the sentence contains an

error, select the one underlined part that must

be changed to make the sentence correct If the

sentence is correct, select choice E In

choos-ing answers, follow the requirements of

stan-dard written English

EXAMPLE:

By the time they reached the halfway point

A

in the race, most of the runners hadn’t hardly

begun to hit their stride No error

E

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16. Several members of the safety commission

A suggested that lowering the speed limit

B

on the road would not necessarily result in

C

less accidents No error

17. By the time the operation was completed,

A five surgeons spent over 20 hours performing

more than a dozen procedures No error

18. Not until the recent scandal has the

A newspapers published anything even

B vaguely negative about the company or

C its executives No error

19. After falling asleep on a horse-drawn bus in

A

Belgium in 1865, Friedrick Kekule had a

dream, it led to his discovery of the structure

of the benzene molecule No error

20. The movement to establish women’s issues

A

as important subjects of study have had

a profound impact on the curricula

offered in colleges today No error

21. Legends and folk stories inevitably become transformed and exaggerated as they are

A passed down through the generations, often B

in order to conform to changing political

C and social standards No error

22. Although the remarks were made to the

A entire group, everyone at the meeting could

B tell that they were particularly intended

C for Maria and I No error

23. By all accounts, the restructuring of the federal department was successive,

A eliminating unnecessary layers B

of bureaucracy and dozens of C

wasteful procedures No error

24. The professor suggested that

A those who wished to attend the lecture next

B week be in the classroom 10 minutes

C earlier than usual No error

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pass more legislation, and with fewer

B procedural obstacles, when the Congress

and the administration are underneath the

C control of the same political party

D

No error

E

26. A quick inspection of Kurt’s art collection

A would show clearly that he has a discerning

B C eye for exemplary works of art No error

27. Surprisingly absent from the debate were

the vice president’s arrogance that he

C typically displays in such forums No error

bacteria that are known to cause

A infections, type B is the more dangerous

B for pregnant women about to give

C D birth No error

E

29. Since 2001, the company has spent

A more time on employee training than B

they did in the previous 10 years combined

C D

No error E

Questions 30–35 refer to the following passage.

(1) Most great scientists and artists are familiar

with the so-called “eureka phenomenon.” (2) This

is the experience that a thinker has when, after they

thought about a problem long and hard, they

suddenly come upon a solution in a flash when they

are no longer thinking about it (3) The name of the

phenomenon comes from the legend of Archimedes

(4) He had been thinking for days about a hard

problem that had come from the king, King Hieron

II (5) The problem was how to determine whether

the king’s crown was pure gold without destroying

it (6) As he was bathing, the solution to the

problem came to Archimedes in a flash and he ran

naked through the streets of Syracuse shouting

“Eureka!” meaning “I have found it!”

(7) Students should understand this also (8) You

have probably had the experience of thinking about

a paper or a math problem for so long that it’s like

one’s brain gets frozen (9) When this happens, it is

best to get away from the problem for a while rather

than obsess about it (10) Isaac Asimov, one of the

most prolific writers of all time, used to go to the

movies every time he got writer’s block (11) He

claimed that he always came out of the movie

knowing exactly how to get his story back on track

(12) Unfortunately, many students today don’t

have time for that (13) They feel so much pressure

to get everything done—their homework, their jobs,

their sports, their extracurricular activities—that

they think that taking “time out” to relax their

brains is just a costly waste of time (14) This is

really too bad because very often relaxation is more

valuable to a student than just more hard work

30. Which of the following is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentence 2 (repro-duced below)?

This is the experience that a thinker has when, after they thought about a problem long and hard, they suddenly come upon a solution in a flash when they are no longer thinking about it.

(A) that a thinker has when, after they thought long and hard about a problem,

their solution suddenly arises like a flash (B) that thinkers have when a solution sud-denly had arisen like a flash after they were thinking long and hard about a problem

(C) that a thinker has when, after having thought long and hard about a problem, they suddenly come upon a solution (D) that thinkers have when, after having thought long and hard about a problem, they suddenly come upon a solution (E) that thinkers have when, thinking long and hard about a problem, they suddenly come upon a solution in a flash

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Directions: The following passage is an early

draft of an essay Some parts of the passage

need to be rewritten

Read the passage and select the best answers

for the questions that follow Some questions

are about particular sentences or parts of

sen-tences and ask you to improve sentence

struc-ture or word choice Other questions ask you

to consider organization and development In

choosing answers, follow the requirements of

standard written English