Consider carefully the issue discussed in the following passage, then write an essay that answers the question posed in the assignment.. Consider carefully the issue discussed in the fol
Trang 1Consider carefully the issue discussed in the following passage, then write an essay that answers the question posed in the assignment
Communicating technology was supposed to turn the world into a “global village,”
enhancing our relationships with others and our understanding of other cultures Yet
I fear it has rendered us more polarized and less articulate Instant communication
allows us to proclaim what is on our minds before we’ve analyzed it, substantiated it,
or rendered it coherent, let alone eloquent
Assignment: Do modern means of communication make our society better or worse? Write
an essay in which you answer this question and explain your point of view on this issue Support your position logically with examples from your reading, current events, or your experience or observation
Sample: 6 points out of 6
Communication technology has made the world a “global village,” enhancing our understanding of other cul-tures as never before Technology has made this possible by granting instant access to a variety of international popular cultures The internet has allowed people worldwide to sample music, read literature and peruse news items from other cultures, exposing them to artistic ideas and perspectives previously too obscure to find by chance Before such advances in technology, cross-cultural understanding was more difficult to achieve
As recently as the early 1990s, a college student might need to spend days in the library, or take an expen-sive trip, to begin to understand another culture Not everyone had access to these resources and, as such, the gap was often too vast to bridge Although technology has not made multi-national enlightenment universal, it has allowed millions to take a more active role in the world around them MP3s have played a pivotal part in this transition from ignorance to semi-enlightenment By exposing listeners to artists such as Ireland’s Damien Rice, the Internet took control out of the hands of record companies, allowing consumers to decide what should
be in demand People were given insight into a world beyond their own
We are a global village in more than just music and pop culture The internet has greatly enhanced our un-derstanding of people in foreign lands—their concerns, their religious views, their political status—and we have become more aware of how similar we are even though we may be thousands of miles apart Without commu-nication technology, many people have no access to the world outside of their own towns and, as such, have no opportunity to explore other cultures by themselves
Because of communication technology, the world is now, literally, at our fingertips With the proper amount
of initiative and curiosity, anyone can now delve into the volumes of information available on topics previously locked away in library towers and distant cities While the internet does not offer the personal feel of a firsthand encounter, it still manages to bring the world together and provide limitless amounts of information Commu-nication technology has enhanced the average understanding of the world as a whole, creating a less ignorant and provincial lifestyle for millions of people worldwide
Evaluation: This well-reasoned and traditionally organized essay supports the point of view that “communication
technology has [enhanced] our understanding of other cultures as never before.” It discusses not only the issue
of communication but also those of research, entertainment, social development, and political awareness It avoids the redundancy so common to such discussions by examining the aspects and implications of its claims The au-thor uses vocabulary effectively and shows facility with sentence variation.
Trang 2Consider carefully the issue discussed in the following passage, then write an essay that answers the question posed in the assignment
Being truly human as a member of a society means seeing injustice and working to
fix it The human mind is endowed with not only the ability to perceive the world and
act instinctively, but to visualize a better future and endeavor to realize it
Assignment: What is one great injustice in the world, and how should it be addressed? Write
an essay in which you answer this question and explain the reasons for your choice You may draw inspiration and support from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation
Sample: 6 points out of 6
One great injustice that has not been adequately addressed is the perception that depression is a sign of weak-ness The human mind is a complex puzzle Psychological theories, diagnoses and treatments are constantly changing and may never be fully understood Unfortunately, people tend to dismiss theories that don’t provide simple answers
At best, psychologists can create a rough map of tendencies and patterns, connecting them as often as pos-sible to findings in neurology and thus lending them a sense of scientific validity Diagnosing a complex disease like depression involves examining a wide constellation of symptoms over a long period of time This doesn’t satisfy skeptics Someone with the flu will show clear symptoms like fever, nausea, and congestion A depressed person will have less measurable symptoms like lethargy, emotional polarity or apathy Skeptics tend to view these as simply a lack of will They do not understand that depression is an illness just like influenza or cancer Someone with a tumor can’t just think happy thoughts and pretend it is not there The same can be said about clinical depression
People suffering from depression are unfairly stigmatized They resist seeking help and so lead lives filled with unnecessary pain Those lucky enough to find help are often ashamed to tell their peers Friends often mis-construe symptoms of depression as personal slights: Why didn’t she call me? Why is he not fun anymore? Bonds are thus broken due to miscommunication
Depression alters one’s life at least as dramatically as more “accepted” illnesses do People suffering from depression need others to understand the limitations depression imposes They need to be allowed to heal Ad-vances in anti-depressants and mood stabilizers can help ease these adjustments, but social pressure makes it nearly impossible for the victims of depression to live in a suitable environment
Emotional disorders are a remarkably sad facet of life To lose control over one’s emotions is to lose track of hope A world that denies one’s suffering makes this situation even worse The key to resolving this problem is education People of all ages need to understand how prevalent depression is and that it is not a cause for em-barrassment Hopefully, we will one day live in a world where emotional disorders will be treated with the same tolerance and compassion as “traditional” illnesses
Evaluation: This is a thoughtful and well-articulated essay supporting the thesis that “the perception that
depres-sion is a sign of weakness” is a great injustice It effectively analyzes the social perception of clinical depresdepres-sion, clearly articulates opposing views on the matter, and explains the reasoning supporting the author’s viewpoint The author does a very good job of engaging the reader and remains focused on portraying this misperception as a great injustice, yet concludes on a hopeful note.
Trang 3Consider carefully the issue discussed in the following passage, then write an essay that answers the question posed in the assignment
Acquiring knowledge is like scaling a mountain The proper attitude in reaching a summit, however, is to marvel not so much at one’s achievement as at the glorious view
of the unknown beyond A well-educated person is known not so much for the
ques-tions he or she can answer as for the quesques-tions he or she can ask
Assignment: What is one great question that every educated person should ask? Write an
essay in which you indicate what this question should be and explain the reasons for your choice You may draw inspiration and support from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation
Sample: 6 points out of 6
A well-educated person is known more for the questions he or she asks than for the questions he or she can an-swer One great question that I think every educated person should ask is whether the news they read and hear
is based on objective facts or subjective views Within moments, any important news story will be studied, filmed, and disseminated for an entire world to see Televisions broadcast this information for global audiences and, instantaneously, a world opinion is formed But does this presentation resemble more closely an objective analysis or a “spun” interpretation of an image-conscious presenter?
Most people think of “news” as the factual story of what is going on in the world Few would say that the news is a script produced by businessmen seeking ratings and profits, although this is an uncontroversial fact that’s hard to deny Most people either accept what they see in the media as facts or cynically dismiss everything they hear as propaganda Hiding somewhere in between these two extremes is perspective, the ability to inde-pendently judge what is factual and, from that, to create a unique and personal view
We are continually bombarded with flashy images, scandalous revelations, and sound bites devoid of con-text Journalists interpret and explain the news for us, encouraging us to sit quietly rather than think An edu-cated person must view this programming with a skeptical eye Every story is tainted by subjectivity, no matter how distant the producer The educated viewer, however, must be disciplined enough to recognize how the corporate media “spins” the news By analyzing the differences among storytellers, the viewer can better under-stand what is real and what is merely opinion
Information can be potent Truthful information, in particular, has the power to unite or fracture, to en-lighten or confirm previously held beliefs Unfortunately, truth is slippery, easily lost in the swirling winds of global communication Educated people must pursue the truth by asking questions and resisting the urge to ac-cept every image flashed before them Education teaches us to analyze situations from multiple angles when-ever possible Those who have embraced the moral value of critical thinking will apply that ideal to the world around them, treating every bit of news only as a piece of information open to debate and intense analysis
Evaluation: This essay provides an excellent examination of the issue of motives and professionalism in
journal-ism to support the idea that every educated person should ask the question, “Is the news objective?” It examines common perceptions of the journalistic media and argues for “perspective” on the part of an educated observer It
is well organized and persuasive, although it could have been made more effective with a discussion of more spe-cific examples.
Trang 4Consider carefully the issue discussed in the following passage, then write an essay that answers the question posed in the assignment
Some people spend their lives waiting for the one great challenge that will define them Every society needs such people, who forge into the unknown and lay new
foun-dations But society also depends very much on those who meet the small challenges,
like feeding mouths and minds and hearts
Assignment: Are we defined more by great challenges in our lives or by small, everyday
challenges? Write an essay in which you answer this question and discuss your
point of view on this issue Support your position logically with examples from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation
Sample: 5 points out of 6
Whether a challenge is “great” or “small” depends on your attitude and position in life A problem that seems inconsequential to a parent might be a very important transition for the child Regardless, I think that what defines people is how they deal with things that they themselves don’t actually regard as a big deal For instance, how a person acknowledges others or solves little everyday problems Anyone can rise to a big occasion, but it takes a big person to rise to little occasions
When I think of people I want to emulate, I think of a person who is defined by little challenges: my mom There is no more considerate person in the world Even though she is often stressed out from her job and from raising two kids, she always finds time to do something nice for someone every day Sometimes she will bake a cake and send it over to our elderly neighbor, just because she wants an excuse to go over and say hello and because she knows how a good sweet can brighten someone’s day My mom also writes beautiful thank you notes on nice stationery after every event she attends to thank the host or hostess She could send a quick e-mail, but she knows that the little extra effort is worth it
When you pay attention to the little things, they can become big things For instance, when diplomats or heads of state show kindness and respect to their counterparts, they help to solve the bigger problems like war and trade disagreements Sometimes I am amazed when I hear a president or a prime minister speaking disre-spectfully of another nation’s leader A wise leader always shows kindness and respect to other leaders, even those he or she disagrees with, because, at least, those leaders represent many other decent people Wars and conflicts are often the result of fears that arise because leaders don’t perform the common courtesies that they could use to put their opponent’s minds at ease
When I think about little everyday kindnesses, I also think about “Catcher in the Rye” by J D Salinger Holden Caulfield, the protagonist, is boy who thinks that all of the adults and most of the kids around him at his prep school are “phonies,” but in reality Holden is simply too immature to build meaningful relationships with others He doesn’t yet understand the importance of being kind to others, at least not until he takes his little sister to the zoo Then he realizes that he really can care for something, and he nearly cries just watching her ride the carousel
Holden learned that the only way to be happy is to care about something or someone, and to respect that thing or person I wish that more people could learn that lesson, and just show a little bit of kindness to the people they meet every day
Evaluation: This very competent essay argues persuasively that “it takes a big person to rise to little occasions.” The
examples of the author’s mother, world leaders, and Holden Caulfield support the author’s thesis that even small ac-tions that show consideration for others can be very important not only in resolving disputes but in maintaining a sense of self-worth The essay is generally well-organized and coherent, although the conclusion is underdeveloped and the example of Holden Caulfield could be more substantially explained The author uses language competently, and varies sentence structure effectively
Trang 5Consider carefully the issue discussed in the following passage, then write an essay that answers the question posed in the assignment
Freedom requires the eradication of repression from tyrants and from want, but eliminating these is not enough We must also eliminate the means by which we oppress
ourselves, through our peeves, our addictions, and in our insecurities This may involve
strengthening the restraints within ourselves
Assignment: Does freedom require eliminating restraints on behavior, or does it require
creating or strengthening certain restraints? Write an essay in which you answer
this question and discuss your point of view on this issue Support your position logically with examples from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and tech-nology, current events, or your experience or observation
Sample: 6 points out of 6
In the United States today, the issue of freedom is being discussed as a matter of both foreign and domestic policy Should we export our freedoms and our democracy to other countries? Should we give up some of our free-doms to make sure that we are safe from terrorism? What is freedom anyway, and what is it worth? Many people who say they are patriots simply say “freedom isn’t free” and leave it at that Actually, real freedom isn’t just the right to do whatever we want, and we don’t get it just by conquering other people Freedom is the ability to con-trol our selfish instincts so that we can stop being concon-trolled by them Ironically, freedom requires constraints The reason we are trying to export democracy to Iraq today, some say, is because we will be safer if the Middle East embraces some of our values But we can’t jam our values down their throats, especially values like freedom of choice and speech Also, we haven’t shown that we are restrained enough to be worthy of those free-doms ourselves Some mercenary contractors have shot up Iraqi civilians because they felt a slight threat Sim-ilarly, our administration does not seem to be able to hold back from any fight because it is filled with people who need to be perceived as tough But they aren’t free because they are still controlled by their fear, and there-fore they are prisoners
In his book, “Night,” Elie Wiesel talks about being in a concentration camp in Nazi Germany where he was deprived of almost all of his freedoms He is whipped for just talking to a girl, is forced to do hard labor and sees people all around him being led to the gas chambers It was in these horrible conditions that Elie discovered that his most important freedom was his freedom of thought that the Nazis couldn’t take away from him While his body was imprisoned, he found the freedom of his soul
When people hold protests for freedoms, like the Civil Rights marchers in the 60’s or the Women’s Rights suffragettes, they are not simply trying to assert their rights They are also trying to show that they are constrained enough to be worthy of their rights Civil Rights marchers were well-known for their noble restraint from violence, which helped them to rise above those ignorant citizens who wanted to harm or kill them to pre-vent them from achieving equality Through intelligent restraint, both the Civil Rights and the Women’s Rights movements have made great strides
We can’t live in freedom if we are controlled by our selfishness and our fears of others who are different from
us Freedom isn’t about conquering others, it is about conquering our own worst qualities Because if we don’t, then they will conquer us
Evaluation: This excellent essay provides well-reasoned and well-organized support for the thesis that “freedom is
about conquering our own worst qualities.” The examples of American policy in the Middle East, the Civil and Women’s Rights movements, and Elie Wiesel’s Night provide substantial support to the idea that freedom has more
to do with self-control than with physical freedom or conquering one’s oppressors The author’s use of language is competent and effective, despite a few slightly awkward sentences
Trang 6Consider carefully the issue discussed in the following passage, then write an essay that answers the question posed in the assignment
We employ many devices to maintain or create peace among countries—trade agreements, cultural exchanges, treaties But nothing unites humanity as well as a
common foe Mutual fear of nature or of foreign ideologies is perhaps the greatest
diplomacy we know
Assignment: What is the most significant means of bringing people together in peace? Write
an essay in which you answer this question and discuss your point of view on this issue Support your position logically with examples from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation
Sample: 5 points out of 6
Nothing unifies humanity as well as a common foe This thought can be said to explain the triumph of the Allied forces in WWII, the French and American Revolution, and other great triumphs in western history However, this uplifting thought has a dark corollary, because the common foe is usually another segment of humanity The great modern historian, T Ruiz, at UCLA writes and lectures extensively on the middle ages He explains western history not as a progression from barbarism to high civilization, but as a continuing series of clashes
of man against man, advancing only in the increasing number of victims resulting from more powerful weaponry In all these clashes the victors (who after all write the history of the event) see and explain their suc-cess as due to unified humanity against the common foe
To take a sweeping view of western history after the fall of the Roman Empire, we see a European Society for hundreds of years without borders, without governments, without kings, without commerce, without land ownership, somewhat of an empty slate by modern political and economic terms As the world changed from a medieval world to a modern world, we can observe some changes which came about by the unification against
a common foe The rise of the nation state was made possible by the emergence of the “king” who united his subjects by invention of a common foe (e.g “France”) Witchcraft, antisemitism and other concepts of “other-ness,” can be argued to be offshoots of the movement toward nation states And these evils are caused by the in-vention of a common foe
The nation state, antisemitism, witchcraft all came about as inventions of the modern era The Crusades, to expel the Arabs from Europe, the fallout from which we are still experiencing, is perhaps nothing but a politi-cal example of the successful search for a common enemy Politipoliti-cal, of course, because they occurred in the era when the king realized that religion was too important to be left to the Pope
As history marches on, we have the modern success of genocide as the ultimate success possible from the unification against the common enemy The lesson perhaps is that when humanity unifies against a common enemy, make sure you’re not the enemy
Evaluation: This essay effectively argues for the perspective that “nothing unifies humanity as well as a common
foe.” The author demonstrates a solid understanding of Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire and gives many examples of “common foes.” The author shows a strong facility with language and uses appropriate historical vo-cabulary The essay does not receive the highest possible score, however, because it focuses too much on conflict rather than peace, as the question suggests.
Trang 7Consider carefully the issue discussed in the following passage, then write an essay that answers the question posed in the assignment
We love best not what gives the greatest pleasure, but what comes through the greatest effort, because this effort provides meaning A plastic medallion received
after completing a marathon is not just a $2.00 trinket, but the representation of months
of effort and sacrifice The best things in life are not free, but come at the expense of
hard work
Assignment: Do we love things most that come at a great cost, or are the best things in life
truly free? Write an essay in which you answer this question and discuss your point
of view on this issue Support your position logically with examples from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience
or observation
Sample: 4 points out of 6
We love best not that which gives great pleasure, but what comes through great effort What do we mean by
“love”? For one may love one’s mother, chocolate and fine art, all in different ways and all of which usually come with little effort But perhaps love means “value,” as in one loves freedom and one loves life It is often observed that those who have had to fight for freedom love it more, and those who have recovered from near death acci-dents or disease have a greater love of freedom and life
It is an American phenomenon that freedoms are valued so highly because so many Americans have suffered religious or political persecution and suffered great hardship to escape to this country However, there are many things one loves which are not achieved through great effort, and there are many things achieved through great effort that one comes to hate The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam expresses a way to achieve love, contentment and happiness without effort It suggests the less effort the better John Ruskin said, “Life without work is guilt, life without art is brutality,” suggesting that effort and love are two separate things
The Calvinists, and the Protestant ethic, suggest that the only thing worth achieving is achieved through hard work Or perhaps, they suggest that hard work in itself gives satisfaction Although something achieved through effort is valued (loved) more highly than the same thing received as a gift, many things are loved intensely with-out regard to the effort expended
Although some have discarded the Cartesian duality of mind and body, perhaps it is a real separation Great effort satisfies the body primarily The body loves to work Love, on the other hand, satisfies the mind or the soul
As Ruskin suggests, if I work hard to achieve a pot of gold, I may find love of riches does not satisfy, but if I work hard to create a work of art, and craft a beautiful shaped and molded chair, I may find that I love this chair more than any other in the world
Evaluation: This essay presents a thoughtful point of view but fails to take a clear stance on whether what we love
most are things that are free or that come at a great cost It goes back and forth so often that the reader feels as if she
is watching a tennis match Still, there are things that the author does well, such as discussing intriguing examples
of Calvinism and freedom and citing interesting authorities such as Omar Khayam and John Ruskin The author demonstrates a good facility with language but does not adequately focus the essay to achieve one of the highest scores.
Trang 8HOW TO ATTACK SAT WRITING QUESTIONS
1 Mapping: What Do the Writing Questions Want from You?
2 Attacking “Improving Sentences” Questions
3 Attacking “Error ID” Questions
4 Attacking “Improving Paragraphs” Questions
✓
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Trang 9The Writing portion of the SAT consists of the
25-minute essay and two multiple-choice grammar
sections The grammar questions ask you to spot and
correct basic grammar and usage errors such as
subject-verb disagreement (as in There is (are) more
than thirty students in the class), pronoun-antecedent
disagreement (as in The club requires their (its)
mem-bers to pay dues), weak parallelism (as in She likes to
hike, fish, and enjoys cooking (cook)), tense problems
(as in The store changed (has changed) ownership
sev-eral times over the last decade), and so on All these
errors are discussed in much more detail in Chapter 15
Don’t worry—here are three pieces of really
good news about the SAT Writing:
1 You don’t have to memorize hundreds of
grammar rules to ace the SAT Writing, just
the 15 basic ideas discussed in Chapter 15
Not so bad, right?
2 You don’t have to name a single grammar
rule You just have to notice mistakes and
fix them Of course, if you keep making
mis-takes because your “ear” doesn’t catch
them, you should learn the rules in Chapter
15 so that you can spot mistakes more
eas-ily However, the SAT itself won’t require
you to label a mistake as, for instance, a
“dangling participle.”
3 You don’t have to worry about those
“gram-mar rules from nowhere” that your
middle-school English teacher might have gotten
hung up on, such as the ones listed below
Five So-Called “Rules” NOT to Worry
About on the SAT Writing
1 Never start a sentence with because Although
about 95% of all middle school students have been
told this by one or another of their English
teach-ers, guess what? It’s not a rule! As long as every
other part of the sentence is okay, it’s perfectly fine
to start a sentence with because, even on the SAT
Writing
2 Use which only for noninclusive modifiers and
that only for inclusive modifiers If you actually
know this rule, God bless you You know more than most English teachers The simple fact is that the SAT folks don’t give a flying prune whether or
not you know your that from your which The SAT Writing sentences will always use that and which
correctly Don’t waste time worrying about them
3 Only use whom rather than who when the
ob-jective case is required Again, if you know this
rule, props to you The fact is that the whole issue
of who versus whom is a bit tricky even for folks
who spend their whole lives talking about
gram-mar It’s not quite as clear cut as the him versus he
rule The SAT Writing sentences will always use
who and whom correctly Don’t waste time
worry-ing about them
4 The disappearing thats Don’t worry about thats.
Some students see a sentence such as “The boys found the soccer ball they had lost” and want to
stick a that in it: The boys found the soccer ball
that they had lost Basically, it’s okay either way.
Don’t spend any time worrying about missing
thats.
5 Don’t split infinitives The SAT hasn’t included a
split infinitive in decades, and it’s unlikely to start now Infinitives are the basic forms of verbs with
to, such as to run and to be They are split
when-ever someone sticks a modifier between the two
words The classic example is the old Star Trek
prologue where Captain Kirk says that his mission
is “to boldly go where no man has gone before.”
Split infinitives drive some English teachers crazy, but the SAT is cool about them
from You?
Trang 10Mapping: What are “Improving Sentences”
Questions?
Every SAT Writing section begins with “improving
sentences” questions, each of which gives you a
sen-tence and asks you to figure out whether an
under-lined portion has an error in grammar, usage, or
awkwardness If it does, you must choose the best
correction from the choices If the sentence is okay,
choose (A), which leaves the sentence as it is
The children couldn’t hardly believe their eyes
(A) couldn’t hardly believe their eyes
(B) would not hardly believe their eyes
(C) could hardly believe their eyes
(D) couldn’t nearly believe their eyes
(E) could hardly believe his or her eyes
The original sentence contains a double negative,
couldn’t hardly The right answer has to fix this
mis-take without breaking any other rules of grammar
Choices (C) and (E) both fix the double negative, but
choice (E) introduces a new problem: His or her is a
singular phrase, but the noun it refers to, children, is
plural Therefore, the correct answer is (C)
“Improving sentences” questions require you to
fix grammatical mistakes rather than merely
find them So the best way to attack them is to
look actively for errors and correct them before
looking at the choices
The College Hill Method for Attacking
“Improving Sentences” Questions
1 Read the entire sentence naturally If you have a
good grammar “ear,” let it tell you if anything in the
underlined part sounds wrong Don’t overanalyze
the sentence when you first read it If you have
read a lot of well-written prose, you will have
developed a good “ear” for grammatical mistakes
Trust it If you haven’t read much good prose,
your ear won’t help as much, so you’ll have to
really memorize the rules in Chapter 15 (and start
reading good books now).
2 If the underlined part has an obvious error, try to
fix it so that you have a good idea of what to look
for among the choices Then eliminate choice (A)
as well as any other choices that repeat the same
error Remember—the error must violate one of
the grammar rules discussed in Chapter 15
3 If the underlined portion does NOT contain an error, be inclined to choose (A), but test any
choices that are shorter than (A) to see if they
con-vey the idea as clearly as the original If you find a shorter option that is just as clear and logical as the original, choose the shorter one
4 Reread the sentence with your choice, and make sure that the sentence works as a whole and that
it does not contain any other errors Remember that a sentence may have more than one mistake that needs to be fixed!
Check: Only Worry About the “Standard” Errors Listed in Chapter 15
When your ear catches a possible error, take one more step to check it Make sure that any error is a “standard” error in grammar or usage and not just a matter of personal prefer-ence Don’t assume that a sentence contains an error just because you might have phrased it differently Instead, try to identify the error as
a violation of one of the “standard” errors dis-cussed in Chapter 15
The captains were given awards despite the team’s loss, for they had sacrificed a great deal for the sake
of the team
(A) for they had sacrificed a great deal for the sake of the team
(B) in the sense of sacrificing a great deal for the sake
of the team (C) but had sacrificed a great deal for the sake of the team
(D) their sacrifice for the sake of the team being the reason for them
(E) nevertheless, they sacrificed a great deal for the sake of the team
The original sentence may sound a bit odd, so you may think that it has an error But after you read the choices, it should be clear that no other choice is clearer or more logical In fact, the original sentence
is best It sounds odd because it uses the word for in
a slightly strange (but acceptable) way Although for
is usually used as a preposition, it is here used as a
conjunction similar to because or since.