Sat - MC Grawhill part 18 ppt

If you want to ace the SAT Critical Reading CRsection, you need to know more than just a bunch of vocabulary words and a few test-taking tricks.. The most important of these skills is “a

Vocabulary Lesson 48: Go Forth

vergere, vert to turn undare to flow

❑ disseminate (v) to spread information (dis- away + seminare to sow)

The members of the band disseminated flyers that advertised their debut concert this coming weekend.

Synonyms: circulate, publicize, distribute Antonym: suppress

❑ diverge (v) to go apart (dis- away + vergere to turn)

After traveling together for nearly 100 miles, the two cars finally diverged.

Synonyms: divide, branch Antonyms: converge, merge

❑ proliferate (v) to grow rapidly; to produce offspring at a rapid pace (proles offspring)

The bacteria proliferated at an alarming rate, multiplying tenfold in just 30 minutes.

Synonyms: expand, multiply Antonyms: wither, shrink

❑ amass (v) to accumulate; to gather together

Over the years, Rick has amassed quite a collection of CDs, accumulating over 1,000 of them.

Synonyms: collect, gather, hoard Antonyms: distribute, disperse

❑ distend (v) to swell; to increase in size (dis- apart + tendere to stretch)

Malnutrition can cause the abdominal cavity to distend and produce a bloated look.

Synonyms: expand, dilate Antonym: constrict

❑ propagate (v) to cause to multiply; to publicize; to travel through a medium ( pro- forth)

Plants of all sizes and shapes propagate by forming seeds, which develop into new seedlings.

Synonyms: procreate, breed

❑ inundate (v) to flood (in- into + undare to flow)

After days without work, the lawyer was astonished to suddenly find himself inundated with paperwork.

Synonyms: engulf, overwhelm, swamp, deluge

❑ diffuse (v) to spread out, as a gas (dis- apart + fundere to pour)

Synonyms: circulate, disseminate

❑ germinate (v) to sprout; to grow (germen sprout)

Synonyms: bud, burgeon, develop

❑ disperse (v) to spread apart (dis- apart + spargere to scatter)

Synonyms: diffuse, disseminate

❑ rampant (adj) growing out of control (ramper to climb)

Synonyms: rife, predominant, prevalent

❑ dissipate (v) to scatter (dis- apart + supare to scatter)

Synonyms: dispel, disperse

❑ saturate (v) to fill completely, as with a liquid or solute (satur full)

Synonyms: soak, imbue

Vocabulary Lesson 49: Even More

post- after augere to increase

❑ annex (v) to attach; to acquire land to expand an existing country (ad- to + nectare to attach)

When Hitler annexed Poland, the dictator’s imperialist designs should have been clear.

Synonyms: acquire, appropriate, append Antonyms: disengage, dissociate

❑ addendum (n) something added; a supplement to a book (ad- onto)

After he completed the story, the author wrote an addendum explaining why he finished it the way he did.

Synonyms: appendix, supplement

❑ postscript (n) a message added after the completion of a letter (P.S.) (post- after + scriber to write)

After my wife signed the postcard, she remembered something else she wanted to say and wrote a postscript.

❑ epilogue (n) an extra chapter added onto the end of a novel (epi- Gr in addition + logia words)

In the epilogue, the author described what the characters of the novel did 15 years after the main narrative.

Synonyms: afterword, postlude Antonyms: prelude, forward, preface, prologue

❑ append (v) to affix something; to add on (ad- to + pendere to hang)

The publishers appended an index to the end of the text to help the reader find things more easily.

Synonym: annex

❑ adjunct (adj) added in a subordinate capacity (ad- to + jungere to attach)

Although principally a biologist, Dr Carter was also an adjunct professor in the zoology department.

Synonyms: subordinate, subsidiary

❑ augment (v) to add onto; to make greater (augere to increase)

One important way to augment your SAT score is to study vocabulary.

Synonyms: enlarge, enhance, amplify, boost, strengthen Antonym: diminish

❑ cession (n) the act of surrendering or yielding (cessare to yield)

Synonyms: capitulation, relinquishment

❑ affix (v) to attach (ad- to + figere to fasten)

Synonyms: annex, append

❑ appropriate (v) to take another’s work or possessions as one’s own (ad- to + proprius one’s own)

❑ encore (n) an extra performance at the end of a show (encore Fr again)

Synonym: curtain call

❑ appendix (n) supplementary material at the end of a text (ad- to + pendere to hang)

Synonym: addendum

❑ supplement (v) to add something to complete or strengthen a whole (supplere to complete)

❑ circumscribed (adj) having distinct boundaries or limits (circum- around  scribere- to write)

Vocabulary Unit 7 Exercise Set I

Time—8 minutes

For each question, select the best answer among the choices given Note any vocabulary words to review on the Hit List below.

1 While most people would probably be - in

her position, Stacey somehow managed to

remain upbeat and was convinced that things

would get better

(A) elated

(B) diminutive

(C) defamed

(D) anemic

(E) despondent

2 Seemingly without scruples, the professor

-the work of his graduate students and published

papers on topics he himself had not even

researched

(A) isolated

(B) relegated

(C) appropriated

(D) annexed

(E) eulogized

3 It is shocking that someone who was once so

by the public can so quickly become

-after just one social blunder

(A) belittled a malady

(B) disparaged a pariah

(C) saturated an exile

(D) lionized an outcast

(E) ostracized a recluse

4 The dearth of - land in this region of the

country makes it very difficult to maintain

plentiful harvests

(A) desiccated

(B) arable

(C) fallow

(D) celestial

(E) arid

5 The entrance of the cavern was so - that the

indigenous tribes took advantage of its

-shelter to keep entire clans dry during the heavy

rain season

(A) voluminous capacious

(B) enormous scanty

(C) cavernous meager

(D) fecund spacious

(E) astral copious

6 Although many consider “Deadman’s Run” to

be the most - ski trail on the mountain, Tommy was able to maneuver through the course without - after having just learned to ski

(A) simple trouble (B) difficult speed (C) arduous exertion (D) pedestrian concern (E) pragmatic practical

7 Zach’s knowledge of - helped him to identify and avoid the rare and poisonous African spit-ting beetle

(A) entomology (B) etymology (C) ethics (D) pathology (E) sociology

8 The spy was immediately - back to his coun-try after he was caught attempting to pilfer information from the CIA database

(A) quarantined (B) secluded (C) disseminated (D) distended (E) deported

9 It is hard to imagine that this barren desert with little to no plant life was once - with farms and wildlife

(A) doleful (B) replete (C) germinated (D) rarefied (E) afflicted

10 After finishing a good novel, I’m always eager to see if an - follows to tell me what happened

to the main characters after the conclusion of the narrative

(A) elegy (B) epitaph (C) epilogue (D) encore (E) eulogy

Vocabulary Unit 7 Exercise Set II

Write the meaning next to each root, and then write as many words as you can that contain the root.

1 EPI-

2 AD- _

3 SCRIBERE _

4 COPIA

5 LUNA

6 ASTRUM _

7 PLERE _

8 SOLUS _

9 GENEA _

10 POST-

11 ARKHAIOS _

12 DEMOS

13 VERT

14 LOGOS _

15 CLAUDERE _

Vocabulary Unit 7 Exercise Set III

1 Can a person be capacious? Y N

3 Can a person be fecund? Y N

4 Is it fun to be despondent? Y N

Write the word with the given meaning.

6 a disease m

7 study of cultures a

8 to shun o

9 relating to the stars a

10 study of ancestry g

11 relating to the universe c

12 abundant c

13 one who lives alone r

14 lacking hope d

15 to accumulate a

16 able to be cultivated a

17 an extra chapter e

18 inadequate m

19 to flood i

20 unused, uncultivated f

21 to fill completely s

22 study of populations d

23 an extra performance e

24 excessive amount s

25 extreme suffering a

Write the correct form of the italicized word.

26 having anemia

_

27 one who studies sociology

_

28 the act of ceding

_

29 in solitude

_

30 the act of proliferating

_

Write the word with the given root.

31 relating to the sky (celum)

_

32 to swell (dis-)

_

33 a poem (legos)

_

34 an inscription (taphos)

_

35 study of insects (entomon)

_

36 a scarcity ( paucus)

_

37 tiny (minuere)

_

38 banishment (ex-)

_

39 high praise (eu)

_

40 to multiply ( pro-)

_

41 to make greater (aug)

_

Unit 7 Exercise Set I Answer Key

1 E While indicates a contrast If she is upbeat and

optimistic, it must be that most people would be

the opposite: depressed.

elated= extremely happy

diminutive= tiny

defamed= slandered

anemic= weak

despondent= lacking hope

2 C The professor lacks scruples (moral

stan-dards), so he must have done something bad to

the work of his students If he is publishing papers

on topics that he has not researched, he is

proba-bly stealing the work

isolated= secluded

relegated= banished

appropriated= taken as his own

annexed= added on to

eulogized= praised

3 D The fact that it is shocking implies that the

two words should contrast with each other

belittle = to put down; malady = illness

disparage = to put down; pariah = outcast

saturate = to fill completely; exile = outcast

lionize = to worship; outcast = someone

excluded

ostracize = to exclude; recluse = loner

4 B If it is difficult to maintain plentiful harvests, it

must be because there is too little usable land.

desiccated= dry

arable= fertile

fallow= unused

celestial= relating to the sky

arid= dry

5 A An entrance that can accommodate entire

clans must be pretty large.

voluminous = large; capacious = having lots of

room

enormous = huge; scanty = inadequate

cavernous = large; meager = inadequate

fecund = fertile; spacious = full of room

astral = pertaining to stars; copious = abundant

6 C Although indicates contrast Although many

think it’s hard, Tommy must not have had

diffi-culty with it

arduous = difficult, strenuous; exertion =

effort, strain

pedestrian= ordinary, mundane

pragmatic= practical, concerned with results

7 A Zach had knowledge of insects that allowed

him to identify the creature Entomology is the

study of insects

entomology= study of insects

etymology= study of the origin of words

ethics= study of moral choices

pathology= study of disease

sociology= study of social institutions

8 E If a country catches a spy pilfering (stealing)

information, they will send the spy back to his country of origin

quarantined= isolated

secluded= left alone

disseminated= spread out

distended= swollen

deported= banished

9 B If the desert is now barren (infertile), it would

be hard to imagine it filled with farms and

wildlife

doleful= filled with grief

replete= filled

germinated= sprouted

rarefied= thinned out

afflicted= suffering

10 C The section of a novel that follows the main

story is called an epilogue.

elegy= song or poem about death

epitaph= inscription found on a tombstone

epilogue= extra chapter added at end of novel

encore= an extra performance at the end of a

show

eulogy= high praise, speech given at funeral

Unit 7 Exercise Sets II and III Answer Key

Exercise Set II

1 EPI-: over

ephemeral, epitaph, epicenter,

epidemic, epidermis, epilepsy,

epitome

2 AD-: to, towards

add, annex, adduct,

adjure, adhere

3 SCRIBERE: to write

inscribe, circumscribe,

conscription, description,

inscription, subscription

4 COPIA: abundance

cornucopia, copious, copy

5 LUNA: moon

lunacy, lunar, lunatic, lunate

6 ASTRUM: star

astral, astronomy, astrology, disaster, astronaut

7 PLERE: to fill

accomplish, complement, deplete, manipulate, replete, supplement

8 SOLUS: alone

sole, soliloquy, solitaire, solitary, solitude, solo

9 GENEA: descent

generation, genealogy, congenital

10 POST-: after

posterior, posterity, post-humous, postpone, postscript

11 ARKHAIOS: ancient

archaic, archaeology, archives

12 DEMOS: people

demographics, democracy, epidemic, pandemic

13 VERT: to turn

diverge, divert, revert, pervert, convert

14 LOGOS: study of

psychology, anthropology, oncology, geology

15 CLAUDERE: to close

claustrophobia, conclude, exclude, recluse, seclude

Exercise Set III

1 N

2 N

3 Y

4 N

5 N

6 malady

7 anthropology

8 ostracize

9 astral

10 genealogy

11 cosmic

12 copious

13 recluse

14 despondent

15 amass

16 arable

17 epilogue

18 meager

19 inundate

20 fallow

21 saturate

22 demographics

23 encore

24 surfeit

25 anguish

26 anemic

27 sociologist

28 cession

29 solitary

30 proliferation

31 celestial

32 distend

33 elegy

34 epitaph

35 entomology

36 paucity

37 diminutive

38 exile

39 eulogy

40 propagate

41 augment

CHAPTER 4

167

CRITICAL READING SKILLS

1 What SAT Critical Reading Is All About

2 Analyzing the Purpose and Central Idea

3 Finding Patterns in the Structure of the Passage

4 Simplifying the Passage

5 Connecting the Questions to the Passage

6 Finding Alternatives in Attacking the Questions

7 Thinking Logically About the Questions

8 Checking That You’ve Nailed the Answer

✓

Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Click here for terms of use

If you want to ace the SAT Critical Reading (CR)

section, you need to know more than just a bunch of

vocabulary words and a few test-taking tricks You

need solid analytical and critical reading skills to help

you tackle any difficult hunk of prose the SAT can

throw at you The most important of these skills is

“active reading,” which means reading with key

ques-tions in mind

The Three Key Questions

To ace SAT Critical Reading questions, read

each passage with these questions at the front

of your mind:

1 What is the purpose of this passage?

2 What is the central idea of this passage?

3 What is the general structure of this passage?

SAT CR questions focus on these questions, so you

should, too Here’s a quick explanation of each of the

three questions you should keep in mind:

1 The purpose of the passage can be either

• to examine a topic objectively,

• to prove a point, or

• to tell a story

2 The central idea of the passage is the single idea

that provides the focus of the entire passage

3 The general structure of the passage is the way the

paragraphs work together to convey the central

idea

Later we’ll discuss and practice strategies for

find-ing all these thfind-ings

Put the Horse before the Cart—and the

Passage before the Questions

A favorite trick of “test crackers” is to read the Critical

Reading questions first, answering those that don’t

require much reading, and then to scan using the line

references to get the rest of the answers This sounds

like a great trick because it’s so simple In fact, this

trick usually hurts most test takers by forcing them to

focus on details rather than the all-important “big

picture.” If you want a score higher than 500 (and if

you don’t want to struggle with your reading

assign-ments when you get to college) learn how to analyze

passages for the big picture

Don’t read the questions first Read the passage

first (including the introduction), but read

actively and briskly to answer the three key

questions You often can answer the first two questions after just reading the introduction and the first paragraph or two! At that point, read the remaining paragraphs just to note how

they support the central idea The big picture is

what counts! If you practice, you will learn to

read SAT passages briskly and confidently

These Aren’t Your English Teacher’s Questions

SAT Critical Reading questions aren’t the same ques-tions your English teachers ask English teachers like

to ask you to explore symbolism, read between the

lines, and interpret passages subjectively But SAT questions must be objective—they must have answers

that don’t depend on your point of view (otherwise, everyone would be arguing constantly about the answers) The SAT only asks questions about what

the passage literally means and logically implies, not what the passage might suggest.

SAT Critical Reading questions can’t ask you to draw on outside knowledge Again, all the information

you need to answer the question is in the passage Therefore, you should be able to underline it You

won’t be asked to make creative connections, read between the lines, or explore your feelings about a passage All you have to do is say what the passage,

literally means or logically implies.

Get Psyched Up, Not Psyched Out

Don’t psyche yourself out on the Critical Reading sec-tion by thinking, “Oh, great—another boring, pointless reading passage!” This guarantees failure by creating a

self-fulfilling prophecy If you expect the passage to be

boring and pointless, you won’t look for the interesting points, and you’ll miss the key ideas!

How well you read depends enormously on your attitude SAT Critical Reading passages are chosen because they discuss ideas that college professors teach

in class Tell yourself, “I’m going to learn something in-teresting and valuable from this passage!” This will

help you to read actively—with relevant questions in mind—rather than passively, hoping to soak up

infor-mation just by decoding the words

Lesson 1:

What SAT Critical Reading Is All About

Concept Review 1:

About

1 What three key questions should be at the front of your mind as you read?

2 Why is it better to read the passage before reading the questions?

3 What is “active reading,” and why is it better than “passive reading”?

4 What does “objective” mean?

5 Why do SAT Critical Reading questions have to be “objective”?

6 What kind of reading questions do English teachers ask that the SAT can’t?