Sat - MC Grawhill part 11 ppt

Synonyms: covert, furtive, stealthy Antonyms: honest, trustworthy, overt ❑ clandestine adj secret; hidden The clandestine military facility in the capital city was unknown even to the Pr

Vocabulary Unit I Exercise Set II

Write the meaning next to each root, and then write as many words as you can that contain the root.

1 ANIMA

2 VAC _

3 BENE _

4 EU

5 LOQU _

6 CIRCUM _

7 EX-, E

8 LEG

9 JUR

10 VERB

11 JUD

12 CIS

13 CO-

14 VOL

15 GRAT

Vocabulary Unit I Exercise Set III

1 Should a talk show host be laconic? Y N

2 Is wearing a seat belt prudent? Y N

3 Should a politician be perspicacious? Y N

4 Is something innocuous harmful? Y N

5 Is a beneficiary one who gives? Y N

Write the word with the given meaning.

6 to change form m

7 lacking substance v

8 even-temperedness e

9 commonplace p

10 overused h

11 sluggish p

12 resistant to authority r

13 disposed to complain q

14 rudely abrupt b

15 talkative g

16 a political split s

17 keenly perceptive p

18 with sound judgment j

19 to examine carefully s

20 keenness of judgment a

21 evasive speech c

22 short humorous story a

23 change one’s mind often v

24 able to change form p

25 feeling of weakness l

Write the correct form of the italicized word.

26 the state of feeling lethargic

27 the quality of being pusillanimous

28 having the quality of a euphemism

29 the act of adjudicating

30 the act of perjuring

Write the word with the given root.

31 beyond comprehension (scrut)

32 existing at birth (con)

33 kind-hearted (anim)

34 to command solemnly ( jur)

35 speaking in a pompous manner (loqu)

36 a praising tribute (eu)

37 harmless (ben)

38 inoffensive term substituted for an offensive

one (eu)

39 to please ( grat)

40 expressive delivery of public speech (loqu)

41 sphere of legal authority ( jur)

Unit I Exercise Set I Answer Key

1 B The colon (:) introduces an explanation

Adeptly means with great skill A 5-year-old would

have to be pretty sharp to persuade reluctant

parents

concise= brief and to the point

astute= shrewd, keen

verbose= wordy

recalcitrant= stubborn

capricious= whimsical

2 C The information after the semicolon (;)

descri-bes the word in the blank If he reads it as if he

had written it himself, it implies that he knows it

very well, and perhaps can read it word for word

loquaciously= in a talkative manner

insipidly= in a painfully dull way

verbatim= word for word

curtly= in an abrupt manner, rudely

diffidently= timidly, lacking confidence

3 C They did not like him at first, so the second

blank is a negative word The first blank should

describe a speaking style that would cause

some-one to think that he is described by the second

word

monosyllabic = one syllable; incisive = cogent

surly = rude; congenial = friendly

laconic = terse; brusque = rude, unfriendly

circumlocutory= talkative

garrulous = talkative; phlegmatic = sluggish

4 E Ricardo clearly changed from a shy person to

a talkative extrovert The word that fits the blank

should mean change.

schism= rift, large gap

adjudication= judgment

benediction= blessing

soliloquy= speech to one’s self

metamorphosis= major change in form

5 E The second word is a verb that should

com-plement the first word Only E presents a pair that

makes sense Fickle people do tend to vacillate.

shrewd = clever; perjure = to lie under oath

magnanimous = generous; denigrate = to slander

pusillanimous = cowardly; admonish = to scold

surreptitious = sneaky; purge = to clear away

fickle = erratic; vacillate = to go back and forth

6 A Despite indicates a contrast So look for two

words that are nearly opposite

pessimistic = negative; sanguine = optimistic

lethargic = sluggish; placid = calm

morose = sullen, gloomy; querulous =

complaining

prudent = wise, provident; verbose = wordy

succinct = concise, to the point; terse = concise

7 A The recipient of generosity is a beneficiary.

beneficiary= one who receives benefits

benefactor= one who supports or helps another

benediction= a blessing

patron= a customer, someone who protects

sanction= approval, permission

8 D A person short on time would likely

appreci-ate something that is quick, which makes brevity

a good choice

circumlocution= speaking in circles

allegation= accusation

pontification= speaking in a pompous manner

brevity= briefness

lassitude= fatigue, torpor

9 E The presentation was vacuous, which means

lacking substance This implies that the two clauses in the sentence are parallel, so the missing

word must be similar to unimaginative.

dormant= inactive

unanimous= everyone agrees

amorphous= lacking shape

dolorous= causing pain or sorrow

prosaic= dull, unimaginative

10 A Use the parallelism in the sentence The two adjectives in the first clause are parallel to the two ideas in the second clause The first word de-scribes something that makes one cry, and the

second word describes mirthful scenes Two

sim-ple words to comsim-plete the sentence would be

depressing and funny.

melancholy = sadness; hilarious = funny

reprehensible = blameworthy; wistful = sad

somber = gloomy; bitter = unhappy

humorous = funny; jocular = joking

despicable = mean; whimsical = impulsive

Unit I Exercise Sets II and III Answer Key

Exercise Set II

1 ANIMA: spirit, life, mind

unanimous, magnanimous,

animosity, animation,

animal, inanimate

2 VAC: empty

vacate, evacuate, vacuum,

vacuous, vacation, vacant

3 BENE: good

benevolent, beneficiary,

bonus, bona fide, benediction

4 EU: good

euphemism, eulogy, euphony,

euphoria, eugenics

5 LOQU: talk

loquacious, eloquent,

ventriloquist, elocution,

circumlocution

6 CIRCUM: around

circumference, circumnavi-gate, circumlocute, circuit, circuitous

7 EX-, E-: out

emit, extract, exclaim, exit, egregious, enormous

8 LEG: law

allege, legal, legitimate, legislate

9 JUR: oath, law

jurisdiction, abjure, adjure, jury, jurisprudence

10 VERB: word

verbatim, verbose, verbal, verbalize, proverb

11 JUD: judge

adjudicate, judicious, adjudge, judiciary

12 CIS: cut

incisive, scissors, concise, schism, decide, suicide

13 CO-: together, with

cooperate, connect, correlate, committee, collect, conspire

14 VOLE: wish

voluntary, benevolent, malevolent, volition

15 GRAT: please, thank

gratify, ingratiate, ingrate, congratulate, gratuity

Exercise Set III

1 N

2 Y

3 Y

4 N

5 N

6 mutate

7 vacuous

8 equanimity

9 pedestrian

10 hackneyed

11 phlegmatic

12 recalcitrant

13 querulous

14 brusque

15 garrulous

16 schism

17 perspicacious

18 judicious

19 scrutinize

20 acumen

21 circumlocution

22 anecdote

23 vacillate

24 protean

25 lassitude

26 lethargy

27 pusillanimity

28 euphemistic

29 adjudication

30 perjury

31 inscrutable

32 congenital

33 magnanimous

34 adjure

35 grandiloquent

36 eulogy

37 benign

38 euphemism

39 gratify

40 elocution

41 jurisdiction

Visit Online Practice Plus at www.MHPracticePlus.com/SATvocab for additional tools and resources you can use to boost your SAT vocabulary.

Vocabulary Unit 2

Vocabulary Lesson 8: Sneaky Sneaky

Today’s roots: duplit twofold pseudo fake

nym name rapere to seize

❑ spurious (adj) fake; counterfeit

The head of the FBI cursed the spurious tip that incorrectly led them to an abandoned warehouse.

Synonyms: fictitious, dubious, fabricated Antonyms: authentic, substantiated

❑ guile (n) trickery; deceit

The Big Bad Wolf deceived Little Red Riding Hood with guile and cunning.

Synonyms: cleverness, cunning, duplicity Antonyms: candor, straightforwardness

❑ beguile (v) to deceive with charm

The con artist beguiled me out of my money, convincing me to play his game over and over.

Synonyms: charm, entrance, captivate Antonym: disenchant

❑ strategem (n) a deceitful scheme (strategos army general)

The teenager devised an elaborate strategem to escape his parents’ curfew.

Synonyms: ploy, gimmick, ruse, subterfuge

❑ surreptitious (adj) deceptive; sneaky (sub- secretly + rapere seize)

The surreptitious movements of the lion lured the gazelle into a trap.

Synonyms: covert, furtive, stealthy Antonyms: honest, trustworthy, overt

❑ clandestine (adj) secret; hidden

The clandestine military facility in the capital city was unknown even to the President of the United States.

Synonyms: stealthy, surreptitious, covert Antonyms: forthright, straightforward, candid

❑ stealth (n) sneakiness; ability to avoid detection

The “stealth bomber” is so effective because it is undetectable by most radars.

Synonyms: furtiveness, covertness Antonyms: perceptible, observable

❑ duplicity (n) deceit; hypocritical deception (duplit twofold)

Synonyms: chicanery, improbity

❑ specious (adj) false, but plausible (specere to look at)

Synonyms: ostensible, sophistic

❑ furtive (adj) secretive; sneaky <a furtive plan to steal the diamond>

Synonyms: stealthy, cloaked, guileful

❑ pseudonym (n) pen name ( pseudo- fake + onoma name)

Synonyms: alias, anonym

❑ fallacious (adj) deceptive; false ( fallacia deceit + -ious full of)

Synonyms: delusory, erroneous

❑ rapacious (adj) greedy; ravenous (rapere seize + -ious full of)

Synonyms: ravenous, covetous

Vocabulary Lesson 9: Time Is of the Essence

Today’s roots: trans across, through fluere to flow

❑ transient (adj) fleeting; short-lived (transire to go across)

We never understand the transient nature of childhood until we wake up one day and realize we’re all grown up.

Synonyms: ephemeral, evanescent, deciduous, transitory Antonyms: permanent, interminable

❑ ephemeral (adj) short-lived (hemera day)

Critics wrote off the band as a fad, their success as an ephemeral phenomenon.

Synonyms: transient, evanescent, fleeting Antonyms: permanent, everlasting, interminable

❑ sporadic (adj) irregular or unpredictable; infrequent (sporas scattered)

He has experienced sporadic success as an actor, with occasional big roles amid many unmemorable parts.

Synonyms: intermittent, episodic, mercurial Antonyms: frequent, regular, permanent

❑ capricious (adj) whimsical; impulsive

My English teacher runs her class capriciously, flitting from idea to idea with no reason or direction.

Synonyms: fickle, volatile, mercurial, erratic

❑ evanescent (adj) likely to vanish (vanescere to disappear)

The aurora borealis is beautiful but evanescent, a curtain of cascading light that can disappear in a heartbeat.

Synonyms: transient, ephemeral, transitory Antonyms: perpetual, enduring

❑ extemporaneous (adj) done with little or no practice (ex tempore of time)

The speech was all the more remarkable because Dr Sherman gave it extemporaneously, filling in for the scheduled

speaker at the last moment.

Synonym: impromptu

❑ anachronism (n) something out of place in time (ana- backward + chronos time)

Her old-fashioned perspective on motherhood makes her an anachronism among her friends.

Synonyms: archaism, incongruity, asynchronism

❑ transitory (adj) lasting for a short time (transitus gone across)

Synonyms: transient, fleeting

❑ expedite (v) to speed up (ex- out + pedis foot)

Synonyms: hasten, quicken, facilitate

❑ influx (n) a flowing in (in- in + fluere to flow)

The country of Chad has seen a massive influx of refugees from the fighting in neighboring Sudan.

❑ superfluous (adj) beyond what is necessary or sufficient (super- over + fluere to flow)

❑ contemporaneous (adj) existing or occurring at about the same time (con- together + tempore time)

❑ interminable (adj) never ending (in- not + term end)

Synonyms: incessant, unremitting

❑ protracted (adj) prolonged; extended in time (pro- forward + tract pull)

Synonym: drawn out

Vocabulary Lesson 10: If You Can’t Say Anything Nice

Today’s roots: dia thoroughly, through de- down

dictus declared, word pugn to fight

❑ censure (n) official condemnation; harsh criticism (censor Roman supervisor for morals)

Congress voted to declare censure on the representative who took money and gifts from a lobbyist.

Synonyms: castigation, derision, rebuke Antonyms: laudation, endorsement

❑ calumny (n) slander; false accusation

Too many tabloids know that calumny about celebrities is more profitable than the truth.

Synonyms: libel, denigration, defamation Antonyms: acclaim, extolment, approbation

❑ diatribe (n) malicious criticism or abuse (dia- through + tribein to rub)

A good debate must avoid vicious personal diatribe, and focus on a respectful discussion of issues.

Synonyms: castigation, derision, harangue Antonyms: laudation, extolment, honor

❑ caustic (adj) corrosive; sarcastic

James immediately regretted making such a caustic remark; he could tell his words truly hurt Vanessa.

Synonyms: abrasive, acrimonious Antonyms: mitigating, conciliatory, mollifying

❑ repudiate (v) to cast off publicly (repudium divorce)

The consumers repudiated the shoe company for using sweatshops, and began buying from its competitor.

Synonyms: disavow, abjure, forswear Antonym: condone

❑ derogatory (adj) disparaging; belittling (de- down, away)

Derogatory remarks are not allowed in class; discussions should criticize ideas, not people.

Synonyms: pejorative, derisive, disparaging

❑ admonish (v) to reprimand mildly (ad- to + monere to warn)

The boy was admonished by his mom for spilling his soda on the brand-new rug.

Synonyms: rebuke, reprove Antonyms: laud, revere, endorse

❑ disparage (v) to belittle; to demean (dis- apart + parage rank, peer)

Synonyms: deprecate, discredit

❑ impugn (v) to attack as untrue; to refute by argument (in- against + pugn to fight)

❑ malediction (n) a curse (mal- bad + dictus declared)

Synonyms: anathema, execration

❑ denigrate (v) to attack the character of; to disparage

Synonyms: slander, decry

❑ harangue (n) a long, critical, and pompous speech

Synonyms: diatribe, discourse

❑ pejorative (adj) tending to make worse (pejor worse)

The senator suggested that discussing the issue dispassionately would be more productive than slinging pejorative personal comments.

Synonym: disparaging

❑ slander (n) false comments that injure another’s reputation (scandalum scandal)

Vocabulary Lesson 11: Holy Cow

Today’s roots: sacer sacred venus respect, love

sanctus holy vereri respect

❑ sanctimonious (adj) falsely pious or self-righteous (sanctus holy)

I prefer ministers who are real people, not sanctimonious know-it-all preachers.

Synonyms: holier-than-thou, self-righteous, unctuous Antonyms: sincere, unaffected, guileless

❑ sacrosanct (adj) profoundly sacred (sacer sacred + sanctus holy)

To Hindus, the cow is a sacrosanct creature to be treated with the utmost respect.

Synonyms: inviolable, consecrated, divine, revered Antonym: unholy

❑ sanctuary (n) a place of refuge; a sacred place (sanctus holy)

The Notre Dame cathedral is a sanctuary to all; anyone in need of a safe place to rest is welcome.

Synonyms: shrine, asylum

❑ sacrilegious (adj) grossly irreverent; disrespectful of something sacred (sacer sacred)

To Hindus, to whom cows are sacred, the mass slaughter of cattle is considered sacrilegious.

Synonyms: blasphemous, desecrating, impious Antonyms: reverent, pious

❑ revere (v) to regard with honor and devotion (re- intensive + vereri respect)

Every genre of music has its stars, whom fans revere like gods.

Synonyms: venerate, idolize, esteem Antonyms: condemn, loathe

❑ pious (adj) showing religious reverence

Cotton Mather, being a devoted Puritan, considered it his pious duty to hang anyone in Salem accused of witchcraft.

Synonyms: devout, reverential Antonyms: irreverent, blasphemous

❑ deference (n) respect for the wishes of others (de- away + ferre carry)

It is important to show deference to your elders and treat them with respect.

Synonyms: courtesy, reverence Antonyms: irreverence, impertinence

❑ sacrament (n) a formal religious act or oath (sacer sacred)

Synonyms: rite, liturgy

❑ venerable (adj) worthy of respect (venus respect)

Synonyms: revered, honorable

❑ venerate (v) to regard with reverence or respect (venus respect)

Synonyms: revere, extol

❑ consecrate (v) to declare to be holy (sacer sacred)

The marriage was consecrated by both a priest and an imam.

Synonyms: venerate, bless

❑ talisman (n) an object with magical powers (telos result)

Synonyms: charm, amulet

❑ lionize (v) to treat as a celebrity

Synonyms: glorify, exalt, panegyrize, apotheosize, deify

Vocabulary Lesson 12: Power It Up!

Today’s roots: potens strong in-, im- not

domit lord efficere to effect

❑ formidable (adj) awesome; hard to overcome; dreadful ( formido fear)

The Yankees are a formidable team; we’ll be lucky to win a single game against them this year.

Synonyms: indomitable, redoubtable Antonyms: anemic, ineffectual

❑ potent (adj) strong and effective (potens strong)

Although the drug is clearly the most potent treatment for depression, it also has the strongest side effects.

Synonyms: efficacious, forceful Antonyms: impotent, enervated, feckless

❑ bulwark (n) a strong defense

The newly constructed dam is in place as a bulwark against future flooding.

Synonyms: bastion, redoubt, rampart

❑ indomitable (adj) unable to be conquered (in- not + domit lord)

The indomitable castle has been under the control of the Spaniards for 6,000 years, despite repeated attacks.

Synonyms: impregnable, invincible

❑ redoubtable (adj) arousing fear; formidable; awesome (re- intensive + douter to doubt)

The mob boss is a redoubtable figure who makes his enemies cower in fear.

Synonyms: formidable, intimidating

❑ robust (adj) full of vigor

The robust young men were able to run miles at a time through the rugged terrain without breaking a sweat.

Synonyms: brawny, athletic, potent Antonyms: weak, delicate

❑ impervious (adj) incapable of being penetrated or affected (im- not + per- through + via road)

Bulletproof vests are almost always impervious to bullets.

Synonyms: impenetrable, impregnable Antonyms: permeable, penetrable

❑ efficacious (adj) capable of producing a desired effect (efficere to effect)

Synonym: proficient

❑ stalwart (n) physically or morally strong person; strong supporter

Synonyms: mainstay, partisan

❑ impotent (adj) lacking strength or power (im- not + potens strong)

Synonyms: enervated, effete

❑ predominant (adj) most important (pre- before + domit lord)

Synonyms: paramount, preeminent

❑ impregnable (adj) unable to be entered by force (im- not + prehendere grasp)

The castle was an impregnable fortress.

Synonyms: impenetrable, invincible, indomitable

❑ brawn (n) muscular strength

Our best wrestler was all brawn and no brains.

Synonyms: robustness, vigor

❑ bastion (n) stronghold, fortress

The college is a bastion of liberalism.

Synonym: bulwark

Vocabulary Lesson 13: Come Together

Today’s roots: co-, com-, con- together vocare to call

syn- same, together legere choose

❑ coalesce (v) to blend or fuse together (co- together)

Raindrops are usually formed when water vapor coalesces on microscopic particles in the atmosphere.

Synonyms: amalgamate, consolidate, fuse Antonyms: disperse, diverge, dissipate

❑ anthology (n) a collection of works

The Beatles’ Anthology is one of the best-selling greatest hits albums of all time.

Synonyms: compilation, compendium, treasury

❑ convoke (v) to call together (con- together + vocare call)

The village elders convoked the citizens to discuss the sale of the ceremonial land.

Synonyms: assemble, summon Antonyms: dismiss, disperse

❑ synchronize (v) to arrange events to occur simultaneously (syn- same + chron time)

Nothing is harder for a dance teacher than trying to synchronize ten eight-year-old ballerinas.

Synonym: coordinate

❑ synthesis (n) a fusion; a bringing together (syn- together + tithenai to put)

The synthesis of DNA occurs when many ribonucleic acids are joined together into one long double helix.

Synonyms: amalgam, composite, fusion Antonyms: division, disjuncture

❑ eclectic (adj) made up of parts from many different sources (ec- out + legere to choose)

Rob Mathes’ eclectic compositions reveal a subtle yet effective blend of blues, gospel, classical, and jazz styles.

Synonyms: multifaceted, multifarious, manifold, diverse, synthesized

❑ yoke (v) to join different things

Politicians often yoke unpopular legislation to popular bills so that they can sneak them through Congress.

Synonym: couple

❑ amalgam (n) a combination of different substances into one mass

Synonyms: composite, hybrid

❑ amass (v) to gather; to pile up

We amassed a huge collection of CDs.

Synonyms: stockpile, accrue

❑ invoke (v) to call on for help or inspiration (in- in + vocare call)

The judge invoked an obscure, seldom-used statute in order to keep the defendant in jail.

❑ compatible (adj) capable of living together harmoniously

The two were very compatible roommates.

Synonym: agreeable

❑ contemporary (adj) living or occurring during the same time period (con- together + tempore time)

❑ predilection (n) disposition in favor of something (pre- before + legere to choose)

Scott has a strong predilection for chocolate.

Synonyms: inclination, bent, proclivity, propensity, penchant