Sat - MC Grawhill part 13 pdf

Vocabulary Lesson 18: Bad and UglyToday’s roots: acri bitter caco ugly ❑ acrimony n bitterness of feeling; harsh words acri bitter + monia action or condition Her toast was inappropriate

Vocabulary Lesson 18: Bad and Ugly

Today’s roots: acri bitter caco ugly

❑ acrimony (n) bitterness of feeling; harsh words (acri bitter + monia action or condition)

Her toast was inappropriately acrimonious, and we could all tell that she had not forgiven her friend.

❑ appalling (adj) shocking; causing dismay ( palir to grow pale)

The way he yells at his wife is appalling; he treats her as if she were his servant.

❑ cacophony (n) discord; harsh sounds (cacos ugly + phon sound)

How can this cacophony coming out of my son’s room be today’s popular music?

❑ abysmal (adj) extremely bad; wretched

The food at this hospital is abysmal! Is this bread or cardboard?

❑ acrid (adj) harsh smelling or tasting (acri bitter)

Don’t inhale too much of this chemical; it is known to be quite acrid and can make you pass out.

❑ blatant (adj) very conspicuous; annoyingly loud

The blaring of loud music despite my repeated requests for silence shows your blatant disregard for my needs.

❑ deplorable (adj) worthy of reproach or censure ( plorare to cry out in sorrow)

Although they claimed to love animals, the conditions at their run-down shelter were deplorable.

❑ egregious (adj) conspicuously bad; flagrant (e- out + greg herd)

Synonyms: atrocious, deplorable

❑ lurid (adj) shocking; sensational

Synonyms: graphic, vivid

❑ noisome (adj) offensive to the senses or the health (noi harm)

Synonyms: loathsome, detestable

❑ flagrant (adj) offensively bad; reprehensible

Synonyms: egregious, blatant

❑ heinous (adj) cruel; shockingly evil (haine hatred + -ous full of)

Synonyms: atrocious, monstrous

❑ astringent (adj) caustic; pungent

Synonyms: acrid, harsh

Vocabulary Lesson 19: Moving Right Along

pel, pul force, drive peri- around

❑ ambulatory (adj) capable of moving around (ambulare walk)

He must stay in bed for a week, and once he is ambulatory he will need crutches.

❑ deviate (v) to swerve or deflect (de- away + via path)

The tire sitting in the left lane of the highway caused the driver to deviate from her path.

❑ influx (n) a flowing in (in- in + flux flow)

The school saw quite an influx of new applicants once it increased the number of scholarships.

❑ meander (v) to wander aimlessly (from Maiandros, a Greek river known for its winding path)

The confused lost child meandered through the streets with no apparent destination.

Synonyms: roam, drift

❑ peripatetic (adj) traveling from place to place ( peri- around + patein to walk)

The nomads were a peripatetic clan; they never stayed in the same place very long.

❑ impel (v) to put into motion; to urge ( pel force)

The zoo visitors were impelled into action by the announcement that a lion was loose.

❑ expedite (v) to speed up the progress of (ex- out + pes foot: to free from entanglement)

The project was expedited once the CEO decided that its outcome reflected on him personally.

❑ itinerant (adj) traveling from place to place

Synonyms: peripatetic, ambulant

❑ nomadic (adj) wandering without a permanent home

Synonyms: migratory, drifting

❑ peripheral (adj) located on the outer boundary ( peri- around)

Synonym: bordering

❑ compel (v) to urge into action by force (com- together + pel force)

Synonyms: impel, coerce

❑ vagrant (adj) wandering from place to place (vagus wandering)

Synonyms: nomadic, peripatetic

❑ perambulate (v) to move about ( per- through + ambulare walk)

Synonyms: wander, drift

Vocabulary Lesson 20: Going, Going, Gone!

deplare to empty ab- away

❑ raze (v) to destroy completely

The massive level-five hurricane razed the entire port city, crushing everything in its path.

❑ jettison (v) to throw overboard

The killer jettisoned the murder weapon into the lake as he sailed to his hideout in the cove.

❑ abort (v) to terminate prematurely

The soldiers aborted their mission when they learned their cover was blown and it was no longer safe.

❑ purge (v) to cleanse of something unwanted (purgare to cleanse)

It is satisfying to purge your email inbox of unwanted junk messages.

❑ forgo (v) to give something up (for- away + go go)

The woman decided to leave the hospital early and forgo further treatment on her injured hip.

❑ deplete (v) to decrease the supply of (deplare to empty)

The run on gasoline depleted the gas station of its fuel reserves, and it was forced to shut down.

❑ dearth (n) lack; scarcity (dear greatly valued)

There has been a dearth of good will between the teams ever since the bench-clearing brawl.

❑ rescind (v) to take back; to cancel (re- back + scindere cut)

Synonyms: annul, void

❑ efface (v) to erase by rubbing (e- out + face appearance)

Synonyms: omit, cancel

❑ abdicate (v) to give up power (ab- away + dicare proclaim)

Synonyms: relinquish, renounce

❑ renounce (v) to give up in a formal announcement

Synonyms: abdicate, resign

❑ nullify (v) to make invalid (nullus none)

Synonyms: cancel, void

❑ relinquish (v) to abandon or give up (re- back + linquere to leave)

Synonyms: abdicate, vacate

❑ cathartic (adj) having a purging effect; inducing the release of emotional tension

Forgiving his father turned out to be a very cathartic experience for Kenneth.

Vocabulary Lesson 21: Mr Nice Guy

munus gift, money, sharing phila brotherly love

❑ altruism (n) selflessness (alter other)

Tom’s altruism pushes him to spend thirty hours per week working with the needy.

❑ amiable (adj) friendly; agreeable (amicus friend)

Mr Richards is such an amiable guy, always smiling and laughing as he interacts with his customers.

❑ philanthropist (n) one who does good; lover of humankind (phila love + anthro humankind)

It is amazing that a penny-pincher like Paul is a philanthropist who has donated millions to charity.

❑ congenial (adj) friendly; pleasant (con- with + genialis pleasant)

After months of imagining her in-laws as monsters, Julia was surprised at how congenial they actually were.

❑ munificent (adj) generous (munus sharing)

Donating that outfit to charity is quite a munificent gesture, considering that it is your favorite.

❑ decorum (n) propriety; good manners (decorus proper)

While eating at the country club, you must behave with the utmost decorum and mind your manners.

❑ amity (n) friendship (amicus friend)

Synonyms: benevolence, amicableness

❑ decorous (adj) exhibiting good taste in behavior or appearance (decorus proper)

Synonyms: civilized, dignified

❑ affable (adj) friendly; kind (affabilis easy to converse with)

Synonyms: amiable, amicable

❑ gregarious (adj) sociable (greg flock)

Synonym: friendly

❑ amicable (adj) polite and friendly (amicus friend)

Synonyms: amiable, affable

❑ magnanimous (adj) generous; big-hearted (magna great + animus spirit)

Synonyms: altruistic, munificent

❑ geniality (n) cheerfulness (genialis pleasant)

Synonyms: affability, amiability

Vocabulary Unit 3 Exercise Set I

Time—8 minutes

For each question, select the best answer among the choices given Note any vocabulary words to review on the Hit List below.

1 Stephen’s job as censor for the magazine was

to - any material that might be objectionable

to its readers

(A) abridge

(B) amass

(C) refute

(D) expurgate

(E) enervate

2 As more travelers have decided to - their

garbage as they sail, the lake has become quite

polluted

(A) pilfer

(B) jettison

(C) yoke

(D) assail

(E) impel

3 The movie critic refused to take back his

remarks because he thoroughly intended to

-the director’s abilities

(A) caustic compliment

(B) derogatory revere

(C) sanctimonious reveal

(D) laconic lionize

(E) scathing disparage

4 The - young salesman made his living

wan-dering from town to town

(A) bellicose

(B) inert

(C) lethargic

(D) acrid

(E) peripatetic

5 Normally a - person, when stuck in horrible

traffic on the highway Peter becomes even

more -, often provoking fisticuffs with other

drivers

(A) congenial rapacious

(B) contentious belligerent

(C) listless dolorous

(D) choleric serene

(E) sanguine pugnacious

6 The normally - daytime television show had one surprisingly - episode and got yanked off the air

(A) decorous provocative (B) compliant obsequious (C) vulnerable porous (D) volatile tumultuous (E) deplorable altruistic

7 Coming off of the worst recession in the coun-try’s 250-year history, the sudden - of money was a welcome sight to the rulers of the desti-tute nation

(A) depletion (B) influx (C) transgression (D) fluctuation (E) bulwark

8 The - from the construction work on the busy street below made it very difficult for me to concentrate with the window open

(A) torpor (B) cacophony (C) euphoria (D) anomaly (E) sacrament

9 As if he knew I was exhausted and in need

of - from his interminable mischief, the puppy went to his bed and took a nap

(A) an elocution (B) a euphemism (C) a respite (D) a rebuttal (E) a testimony

10 Although it was nice to be - again after being bedridden for four weeks, the muscular -that resulted from my immobilization was going to take a lot of work to fix

(A) itinerant deterioration (B) amiable bastion (C) ambulatory atrophy (D) amorphous attrition (E) pedestrian acrimony

Vocabulary Unit 3 Exercise Set II

Write the meaning next to each root, then write as many words as you can that contain the root.

1 A-

2 AN- _

3 PERI-

4 AB- _

5 ACRI _

6 BELLUM-

7 AM-, AMICUS _

8 ANTHRO _

9 MUNUS

10 TROPH _

11 PRO- _

12 PHON

13 PURG _

14 PEL

15 SEQUI

Vocabulary Unit 3 Exercise Set III

1 Is a heinous act cruel? Y N

2 Is a gregarious person friendly? Y N

3 Is an obsequious person disobedient? Y N

4 Is something abysmal good? Y N

5 Is a philanthropist generous? Y N

Write the word with the given meaning.

6 traveling from place to place i

7 hibernating, dormant t

8 good manners d

9 to destroy completely r

10 to decrease the supply of d

11 filled with many holes p

12 capable of moving around a

13 selflessness a

14 to urge into action i

15 to intentionally weaken u

16 offensive to the senses n

17 prone to attack v

18 stationary s

19 to terminate prematurely a

20 to put in motion i

21 politely friendly a

22 warlike p

23 to throw overboard j

24 worthy of reproach d

25 a break h

Write the correct form of the italicized word.

26 characterized by torpor

_

27 the act of abdicating

_

28 the quality of being volatile

_

29 how someone who displays altruism behaves

_

30 the quality of being pugnacious

_

Write the word with the given root.

31 lazy, sluggish (argos)

_

32 to erase (fac)

_

33 to weaken from disuse (a-)

_

34 postponement (mora)

_

35 generous (muni)

_

36 quarrelsome (belli)

_

37 overly submissive (sequi)

_

38 to swerve (via)

_

39 easily angered (irasci)

_

40 sociable (greg)

_

41 harsh words (acri)

_

Unit 3 Exercise Set I Answer Key

1 D A censor is one who removes objectionable

material

abridge= to shorten

amass= to accumulate or collect

refute= to disprove

expurgate= to remove inappropriate material

enervate= to weaken

2 B The waters are becoming more polluted,

which indicates that people are probably putting

their garbage into the lake

pilfer= to steal

jettison= to throw overboard

yoke= to tie together

assail= to attack

impel= to provoke

3 E The critic thoroughly intended to say what he

said But if they were things he was expected to

take back, they must have been pretty negative.

The second word should be negative as well

caustic = harmful; compliment = to praise

derogatory = offensive; revere = to respect

sanctimonious= smug

laconic = terse; lionize = to worship

scathing = harsh; disparage = to put down

4 E This person makes his living wandering from

town to town.

bellicose= warlike

inert= inactive

lethargic= sluggish

acrid= harsh

peripatetic= traveling from place to place

5 B Peter sometimes picks fights ( fisticuffs) The

second word should be slightly stronger than the

first

congenial = friendly; rapacious = ravenous

contentious = inclined to argue; belligerent =

warlike

listless = lethargic; dolorous = painful

choleric = easily angered; serene = peaceful

sanguine = optimistic; pugnacious = combative

6 A It got yanked off the air, so the show must

have done something bad The word surprisingly

indicates a contrast, so the first word is positive

decorous = proper; provocative = risqué

compliant = obedient; obsequious = submissive

vulnerable = susceptible; porous = full of holes

volatile = explosive; tumultuous = turbulent

deplorable = very bad; altruistic = selfless

7 B The nation is destitute, and therefore needs

money to pour in

depletion= draining

influx= inward flow

transgression= violation

fluctuation= shift back and forth

bulwark= a defensive wall

8 B It is difficult to concentrate and the street is busy with construction; there must be lot of noise down there

torpor= sluggishness

cacophony= harsh noise

euphoria= elation, ecstasy

anomaly= an abnormality

sacrament= a formal religious act

9 C The owner of the puppy is exhausted and

therefore in need of rest Interminable means

never-ending The puppy’s nap would provide the

owner with a nice break from the mischief

an elocution= an expressive delivery of a

speech

a euphemism= an inoffensive expression

substituted for an offensive one

a respite= a rest

a rebuttal= a retort

a testimony= an account, evidence

10 C The first word describes one who is no longer

bedridden The second word describes a problem

from being bedridden Atrophy works because it

is the result of disuse

itinerant = wandering; deterioration =

degeneration

amiable = friendly; bastion = a fortified area

ambulatory = able to move; atrophy = withering

amorphous = lacking shape; attrition = erosion

pedestrian = common; acrimony = harsh words (pedestrian can also mean “on the move”)

Unit 3 Exercise Sets II and III Answer Key

Exercise Set II

1 A-: without

atheist, atrophy, apathy,

asexual, amorphous, abyss

2 AN-: without

anarchy, anecdote, anaerobic,

analgesic, anemia, anesthesia,

anonymous

3 PERI-: around

peripatetic, perambulate,

peri-cardium, period, perimeter,

peripheral, peristalsis,

periscope

4 AB-: away

abdicate, abscond, abduct,

aberration, absolve, abject,

abscess, abomination

5 ACRI: bitter

acrimony, acrid, acrimonious

6 BELLUM-: war

belligerent, bellicose, rebel, rebellion

7 AM-, AMICUS: friend

amiable, amicable, enemy, inimical, amity

8 ANTHRO: mankind

anthropology, anthropo-centric, philanthropist, misanthrope

9 MUNUS: gift

munificent, immunity, remuneration

10 TROPH: nourishment

atrophy, phototroph, heterotroph, autotroph, dystrophy

11 PRO-: forward, forth

procrastinate, prolific, proph-esy, propagate, propensity, profound, provoke, provocative

12 PHON: sound

cacophony, phonetic, symphony, euphonious

13 PURG-: to clean

expurgate, purge, purgatory, spurge

14 PEL: to push

compel, impel, expel, propulsion

15 SEQUI: to follow

obsequious, prosecute, pursue, segue, subsequent

Exercise Set III

1 Y

2 Y

3 N

4 N

5 Y

6 itinerant

7 torpid

8 decorum

9 raze

10 deplete

11 porous

12 ambulatory

13 altruism

14 incite

15 undermine

16 noisome

17 vulnerable

18 static

19 abort

20 impel

21 amicable

22 pugnacious

23 jettison

24 deplorable

25 hiatus

26 torpid

27 abdication

28 volatility

29 altruistically

30 pugnacity

31 lethargic

32 efface

33 atrophy

34 moratorium

35 munificent

36 belligerent

37 obsequious

38 deviate

39 irascible

40 gregarious

41 acrimony

Vocabulary Unit 4

Vocabulary Lesson 22: Show Off!

Today’s roots: ped, paedere instruct grandis great, big

ostentare to display pomp splendor

❑ pedantic (adj) showy about knowledge ( paedere to instruct)

Kim’s pedantic teaching style bothers her students; she uses bizarre vocabulary words nobody understands.

Synonyms: didactic, egotistic

❑ grandiose (adj) pretentious; ridiculously exaggerated (grandis great)

The castle’s foyer was the most grandiose of its kind, adorned with crystal chandeliers and gilded banisters.

❑ bombastic (adj) pompous; using inflated language

The bombastic language in the mayor’s campaign speech made her seem arrogant and disconnected from the public.

❑ braggart (n) one who boasts; a showoff (braguer to show off)

No one likes a braggart; it’s better to be modest and humble about your successes.

Synonym: egotist

❑ ostentatious (adj) showy; pretentious (ostentare to display + -ious full of)

That solid gold statue is the most ostentatious display of wealth I have ever seen.

❑ pompous (adj) possessing excessive self-esteem; pretentious (pomp splendor + -ous full of)

His pompous, holier-than-thou attitude annoyed all of his classmates.

❑ swagger (v) to walk or strut in an arrogant manner

Having beat their crosstown rivals handily, the players swaggered back to the locker room.

Synonyms: brag, strut

❑ lofty (adj) haughty; overly proud

Synonyms: cavalier, pretentious

❑ garish (adj) flashy; loud

Synonyms: ornate, ostentatious, gaudy

❑ ornate (adj) overly decorated (ornatus to adorn)

Synonyms: ostentatious, opulent, gaudy

❑ opulence (adj) luxuriousness (opulentus wealthy)

Synonyms: grandeur, affluence

❑ pretentious (adj) ostentatious

Synonyms: gaudy, grandiose, garish

❑ baroque (adj) extravagantly ornate and convoluted in style

Synonyms: flamboyant, florid