Master gmat 2010 part 67 doc

The author states in the first paragraph that “[f]orcings can arise from either natural or anthropogenic causes.” In the following sentence, the author describes two specific causes of f

13 The correct answer is (A) If an hourly-wage employee works fewer than five days

per week, the employee would need to work more than 8 hours per day on average to

qualify for overtime pay in state Y On the other hand, the same employee would need

to work more than 8 hours per day only on one day to qualify for overtime pay in

state X Thus, employees working fewer than five days per week would prefer to work in

state X Given that most employees prefer to work in state Y, it is reasonable to conclude

that most employees work at least five days per week

14 The correct answer is (D) The argument relies on the unstated assumption that no

other event since the picnic could have caused the outbreak Choice (D) provides some

evidence that the employees who have reported disporella symptoms in fact contracted

disporella at least one week ago Accordingly, choice (D) helps support the claim that it

was the food served at the picnic two weeks ago that caused the outbreak Admittedly,

choice (D) would provide even stronger support if it indicated that symptoms never

appear until one week after contamination Nevertheless, choice (D) is the best of the

five answers

15 The correct answer is (A) The author states in the first paragraph that “[f]orcings

can arise from either natural or anthropogenic causes.” In the following sentence, the

author describes two specific causes of forcings, presumably to illustrate the point of the

previous sentence It can be reasonably inferred by considering both sentences together

that the first example (volcanic activity) is a natural cause, while the second (the

burning of fossil fuels) is an anthropogenic cause

16 The correct answer is (E) According to the passage, radiative “forcings are

quantities normally specified in global climate model simulations, while feedbacks are

calculated quantities” (lines 12–15)

17 The correct answer is (B) This choice restates the author’s point in the first sentence

of the second paragraph Immediately thereafter, the author discusses clouds as an

example of this point: it is difficult to predict the impact of greenhouse gases on clouds

and thus on temperature

18 The correct answer is (B) The argument relies on the unstated assumption that

prenatal care results in better health and therefore less cost to society Choice (B) helps

affirm this assumption Choice (E) describes benefits that might decrease the overall

tax burden, but only if the prenatal care program serves to reduce the amount of

infant-care benefits paid The argument does not inform us whether this is the case

Thus it is impossible to assess the extent to which choice (E) would explain how the

prenatal care would save the taxpayers money

19 The correct answer is (D) The original argument bases a conclusion that one

phenomenon causes another on an observed correlation between the two phenomena The argument boils down to the following:

Premise: X (beautiful beach) is correlated with Y (crowd of people).

Conclusion: X (beautiful beach) causes Y (crowd of people).

Answer choice (D) demonstrates the same pattern of reasoning:

Premise: X (warm weather) is correlated with Y (fleas).

Conclusion: X (warm weather) causes Y (fleas).

20 The correct answer is (D) The original version is redundant Either by means of or

using would be acceptable here, but not both Choice (D) corrects the redundancy by

omitting using.

21 The correct answer is (C) The original sentence is flawed in three ways First, it

uses the awkward passive voice ( was recognized by ) Second, between is incorrectly used to refer to more than two states; among should be used instead Third, the pronoun its (in the final clause) does not refer clearly (or correctly) to its intended antecedent states Choice (C) revamps the sentence, remedying all three problems.

22 The correct answer is (C) The less likely it is that a person will sustain an injury

somewhere other than the workplace, the lower the person’s risk of incurring medical expenses for such injuries Thus, choice (C), if true, helps to refute Bharti’s argument that the worker’s compensation scheme actually puts workers at greater risk of financial hardship

23 The correct answer is (B) Choice (B) provides at least some evidence that the slot

machines at Casino Y are “loose” and accordingly that Elaine’s chances of winning at one of those machines is relatively good

24 The correct answer is (D) In the original version, the superfluous there is sets up an

awkward construction The sentence should be reconstructed, omitting there is Among

the other four versions, choice (D) provides the best solution

25 The correct answer is (A) The original version is the best one The use of the passive

voice by way of the phrase be weighed against is idiomatic, and the sentence contains no

grammatical errors Choices (B) and (E) are incorrect because their grammatical

construction suggests illogically that weighing is to be done by a justification rather

than by government Choice (C) illogically shifts the sentence’s tense from the future to the present Choice (D) ineffectively expresses the sentence’s intended meaning; choice (A) is much clearer

26 The correct answer is (A) The author’s threshold purpose, articulated in the final

sentence of the first paragraph, is to identify the significant forms of dissent to

644 PART VI: Five Practice Tests

27 The correct answer is (B) Arnold’s Culture and Anarchy was published in 1869 The

three forms of opposition to Arnold’s ideas as presented in this work, therefore, must

have emerged later than 1869

28 The correct answer is (D) The only analogy in the passage is found in the final

sentence, in which the author compares striving for perfection (i.e., culture) to

conceiving “finer sunsets and unheard melodies.” Although the author uses this analogy

to help the reader understand the author’s final argument against Arnold’s dissenters,

this analogy is not in the nature of “an insupportable theory,” which the author

compares to a claim made by Arnold’s dissenters, as choice (D) suggests

29 The correct answer is (C) In the first paragraph, the author states that Arnold

helped to define the purposes of the liberal arts curriculum in the century following the

publication of his Culture and Anarchy In the second paragraph, the author claims that

today’s multiculturalist movement, which opposes Arnoldian culture, is interested in

deflating the “imperious authority that ‘high culture’ exercises over curriculum” (lines

38–40) It is reasonably inferable, then, that these imperious elitists are modern-day

allies of Arnold who have perpetuated his ideas about culture through their authority

over today’s educational curriculum

30 The correct answer is (A) The argument boils down to the following, including the

unstated assumption provided by choice (A):

Premise: Students get enough reading practice already.

Unstated assumption (choice A): The program provides only reading practice.

Conclusion: The program is unnecessary.

None of the other four choices provides the necessary assumption

31 The correct answer is (E) The argument as a whole can be characterized as an

attempt to refute an argument against treating water with sodium monofluoride To

refute that argument, the city official provides evidence tending to show that sodium

monofluoride is not as harmful as some might believe Thus, choice (E) expresses the

point that the city official is leading to in the passage

32 The correct answer is (E) The original version intends to express a contrary-to-fact

situation, so the subjunctive were (instead of are) is appropriate here Also, the reflexive

pronoun themselves is improper here (Compare the phrase consider themselves

invincible, which uses the reflexive form properly.) Choice (E) corrects both problems.

33 The correct answer is (B) In the original version, the word Upon confuses the

meaning of the sentence by suggesting nonsensically that comets grow large in

appearance immediately—as soon as they appear as a tiny speck Choice (B) is concise

and clears up the confusion by omitting the word

34 The correct answer is (C) In the original sentence, the plural verb account does not

agree in number with its singular subject technology The intervening clause (set off by commas) should not affect the verb’s case, which should be singular (accounts) Also, the word amount is improperly used here and should be replaced with either quantity or

number Choice (C) corrects both problems Although choice (B) also fixes the problems,

using the subjunctive verb form would account alters the meaning of the original

sentence, transforming it into a hypothetical statement

35 The correct answer is (A) The argument relies on the assumption that

Michelangelo’s portrayals of nudity are similar to modern photographic portrayals of nudity in all respects relevant to the argument Choice (A) directly refutes this

assumption by stating explicitly that Michelangelo’s works are considered not obscene

for the reason that they have relatively high artistic value

36 The correct answer is (E) In the passage’s first paragraph, the author points out

that the ability to taste PTC varies among human populations Then, in the final sentence of that paragraph, the author refers to “other, more significant, bitter substances .” It can reasonably be inferred from these two statements, considered together, that PTC is a bitter substance

37 The correct answer is (A) In the first sentence, the author points out that PTC is an

artificially synthesized chemical; thus, PTC has clearly not existed long enough to play any part whatsoever in the evolution of taste discrimination among primates

38 The correct answer is (B) In the first paragraph, the author’s main concern is to

point out that the variability among human populations regarding sensitivity to PTC might be a trace of the evolutionary process of natural selectivity In the second paragraph, the author offers a similar suggestion about variability in earwax type To support these assertions, the author implies that both characteristics still serve useful purposes among nonprimates—from whom humans presumably evolved This inference

is especially clear with respect to identifying bitter substances that might be toxic Choice (B) accurately reflects the author’s main assertion and supporting evidence

39 The correct answer is (C) Based on the facts, it is clear that a large portion of the

kinds of trash residents used to throw into their garbage cans for disposal is now being recycled Thus, the only explanation for the steady (not decreasing) amount of nonrecyclable trash is that Exitur’s residents are generating more of it

40 The correct answer is (A) The original version is the best one Choice (B) is

nonsensical; lower appears to refer to energy products rather than to demand In choice (C), the phrase in view of distorts the sentence’s meaning Also, the idiom decline in is preferred over decline of Choice (D) contains the awkward phrase being that Also, prices are not said to lessen in amount, but rather decline or decrease In choice (E),

considering the fact that is wordy, and it distorts the meaning of the original sentence,

646 PART VI: Five Practice Tests

41 The correct answer is (E) The argument relies on the unstated assumption that

Abstania’s Monrovian population either remained stable or increased during 2005

However, choice (E) provides that this population actually declined in 2005, despite the

influx of Monrovians Given that the number of Monrovians residing in Abstania

decreased while the crime rate increased, choice (E) reduces the likelihood that it was

Monrovians who were responsible for the increase in violent crime in 2005 Choice (A)

would appear to weaken the argument by providing ostensible evidence that

Abstanians are more likely than Monrovians to commit violent crimes However, choice

(A) does not account for the possibility that in Monrovia far fewer violent criminals are

apprehended than in Abstania In fact, the argument’s explicit reference to “reported”

violent crimes underscores this possibility, which prohibits us from drawing any firm

conclusion as to which group is more likely to be responsible for violent crimes

.

APPENDIX A Resources for GMAT

Preparation APPENDIX B Determining Your Score APPENDIX C Word List

How much should you invest in GMAT preparation, in terms of time and

money? The conventional wisdom is that since the GMAT is one of the most

important tests you’ll ever take, you should invest as much time and money as

possible However, the law of diminishing returns applies to GMAT

preparation This book, along with a few other thoughtfully selected

resources, can provide virtually all of the potential benefits of a full-blown

GMAT prep course

GMAT BOOKS

The number of GMAT preparation books is overwhelming Here are some

suggestions to help you sort through them:

• Peruse a book carefully before committing to it Yes, this means visiting your local brick-and-mortar bookstore rather than reviewing

a book online

• Look for a book that emphasizes skill development, not just practice questions

• Rule out any book that emphasizes so-called secrets and shortcuts or that makes the test seem easier than it appears Do you really think the GMAC would devise a test that can be “cracked” like a cheap safe? If you do, think again

• Limit the number of comprehensive GMAT books you use to two or three at most Any more and you’ll find yourself reading the same strategies and test-taking tips over and over

• Identify your weakest skill area and supplement this book with a workbook that targets that area

If you must shop for GMAT books at an online bookstore, don’t put too much

stock in customer comments and ratings, especially if they are few in number

Laudatory comments can be submitted anonymously by publishers

them-selves, and derogatory comments tend to be factually inaccurate, unfair, or

inflammatory

.appendix

ONLINE GMAT RESOURCES

The Web is now littered with GMAT advice and practice questions, all freely available for public consumption To separate the wheat from the chaff, limit your GMAT Web surfing to the official GMAC site (www.mba.com) and the sites of test prep publishers who have time-tested reputations for producing high-quality content, such as Peterson’s (www.petersons.com)

GMAT PREP COURSES

Would it be worthwhile to enroll in a live GMAT prep course? Here are some advantages, with counterarguments included:

The dynamics of a live classroom setting can help you learn difficult concepts by providing different perspectives However, you could also start your own study group You’re just as likely to gain useful insights from your peers as from a GMAT instructor

Having made a substantial financial investment, you’ll probably be motivated to get your money’s worth out of that investment Some people view this as an expensive head game, however And if you can’t afford the course, it doesn’t matter anyway

You’re less likely to procrastinate with a set class schedule On the other hand, if you’re disciplined enough, this is no advantage

All the materials are provided, so you don’t need to decide which books and/or software to buy But is this a significant benefit?

You can commiserate and compare notes with your classmates In fact, GMAT prep classes typically become de facto pre-MBA support groups But again, why not start your own GMAT study/support group?

Here are some drawbacks and caveats to keep in mind if you’re thinking about taking a GMAT prep course:

They’re expensive; you can easily spend $1,000 on such courses If you’re near a university, you might find a course sponsored by the university, perhaps through its extension program, for a fraction of the cost of a private course

Despite their claims, private test prep companies pass along no secrets In fact, you can find all of the information yourself in good test prep books

The popular test prep services require each of their GMAT instructors to have taken the real GMAT and attained a high score (typically above the 90th percen-tile) But this hardly ensures that your instructor will be an effective teacher