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Trang 7Chapter 3.5
Collaborative Real-Time
Information Services via Portals
Wei Dai
Victoria University, Australia
INTRODUCTION
The increased use of online services in the
commercial world has produced considerable
impact on traditional technologies Traditional
information technologies were developed in an
era where use of Internet technologies was not
widespread They have a long history and are
often based on mature and stable technologies,
RUSUDFWLFHVVXFKDVXVHULQWHUIDFHGHVLJQDUWL¿-cial intelligence techniques, and so forth In the
era of e-business, business operations are often
conducted in conjunction with business alliances
and partners through networked activities
In-WHUQHW RU:HEEDVHG WHFKQRORJLHVDUHIXO¿OOLQJ
an enabling role to meet the communication and
collaboration requirements of e-business In this
article, we share our experiences in how traditional
information technologies are coupled with
Web-based technologies to gain much-needed leverage
in offering e-business solutions Portals, as the
major communication media for Web users, of-fer opportunities for collaboration using multiple technologies They also serve as mechanisms for integrating a variety of online services supported
by traditional applications In this article we will discuss the role of portals in application integration for online collaborative service delivery Particular emphasis will be given to the marrying of the modern roles of portals in e-business with those UROHVZKHUHSRUWDOVIXO¿OWKHWUDGLWLRQDOUROHVRI front-end technologies The article demonstrates its vision through a portal-based application in-tegration solution framework associated with a typical application scenario We demonstrate the effectiveness of using portals in application inte-gration by employing an experimental framework implemented in the PHOENIX research project
at Victoria University (http://www.staff.vu.edu au/PHOENIX/phoenix/index1.htm)
Trang 8RESEARCH PROJECT
BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGIES
Before we describe our solution framework,
we outline the background technologies used
in our research project These consist of portal
technologies, knowledge management and Web
services
Portals Infrastructure
Portal solutions are heavily reliant on the use of
existing applications and infrastructure to improve
RQOLQHVHUYLFHVHI¿FLHQF\2XUIUDPHZRUNLVEDVHG
on the logical architecture suggested by Britton
(2001) This architecture contains three tiers—the
presentation layer, the application server layer, and
an enterprise information services layer
The Presentation Layer
The main function of the presentation layer is
WRSURYLGHDXQL¿HGYLHZRIUHVXOWVGHOLYHUHGE\
different applications that users usually view on
browsers There are common ways to render
in-formation content on the browsers such as HTML,
plug-ins, applets, and portlets (Britton, 2001) Of
these methods, we pay special attention to porlets
Portals use portlets as pluggable user interface
components that provide a presentation layer and
produce dynamic information displayed on the
portal They run on the Web server that provides
content to the Web browser Portlets also import
different services offered by other applications to
the front-end by determining the service features
to be displayed on the user interface Thus, portlets
provide a bridge to the portal’s middle tier Most
portal construction software allows
administra-tors to create their own customised portlets
Application Server Layer
The presentation layer provides input to the
ap-plication server layer Apap-plication server refers
to software residing beneath the Web server that handles the special designated tasks received
by the Web server from end-users In this layer, business rules are executed triggering possible application integration operations The applica-tion server applies business soluapplica-tion logic and delivers the results back to the Web server be-fore the results are sent to the users’ browsers
An application server usually works in an n-tier environment because it performs different roles
at different levels Some of the main roles that the application server provides include back-end application coordination and integration (e.g., applications for taking orders, credit checking, DQGIXO¿OOLQJRUGHUV DQGH[HFXWLRQRIEXVLQHVV ORJLF HJUHODWHGZRUNÀRZ LQUHVSRQVHWRXVHUV requirements Some commercial vendors have combined the roles of Web server and application server in their products For example, SAP Web application server combines the roles of standard Web server and application server
Enterprise Information Services Layer
This layer contains enterprise information systems (EIS) such as CRM systems, database systems, and legacy systems (Britton, 2001) The systems can
be located across company boundaries offering potential integration opportunities via a layered infrastructure of portal services
WEB SERVICES
Web services is an emerging technology that sup-ports application integration across the Internet 7KH*DUWQHU*URXS GH¿QHVDWeb service DV ³$VRIWZDUHFRPSRQHQWWKDWUHSUHVHQWVDEXVL-ness function (or a busiDV ³$VRIWZDUHFRPSRQHQWWKDWUHSUHVHQWVDEXVL-ness service) and can be accessed by another application (a client, a server
or another Web Service) over public networks us-ing generally available ubiquitous protocols and transports (i.e SOAP over HTTP).” That is, once
Trang 9a Web service is deployed, other applications (and
other Web services) can discover and invoke the
deployed service
STANDARDS AND PROTOCOLS
The technical standard and protocols for portal
applications are sharable with those for Web
services Thus portals and Web services can be
combined to offer applications integration
solu-tions across Internet Some of these protocols and
standards include:
WSRP
Web services for remote portlets (WSRP) is a
standard that enables portals to access and display
portlets that are hosted on a remote server The
:653VSHFL¿FDWLRQGH¿QHVD:HEVHUYLFHLQWHU-face for interacting with interactive
presentation-oriented Web services The motivations behind
the WSRP functionality include: (a) allowing
portal servers to provide portlets as
presenta-tion-oriented Web services that can be used by
engines consuming Web services; (b) allowing
portal servers to integrate services from different
content providers into a portal framework
WSDL
Web Services Description Language (WSDL)
(Christensen et al., 2001) is used by Web services
to describe available services It provides an
ef-fective way for service providers to describe their
VHUYLFHV$:6'/GH¿QLWLRQFRQWDLQVWKHLQIRU-mation necessary for two systems to exchange
Web service messages
SOAP
Simple object access protocol (SOAP) is used for
invoking Web services and is based on XML It
provides an envelope for sending and receiving
XML data and documents It allows program components and applications to interact with
each other via the HTTP Internet protocol SOAP
is platform independent, does not depend on the SURJUDPPLQJODQJXDJHLVVLPSOHÀH[LEOHDQG easily expandable
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
INDEX (Dai & Wright, 1996) is the knowledge management system currently being used in the PHOENIX research project It is used to coordinate application integration processes and to provide integration knowledge to management services Integration knowledge guides the system in choosing and invoking the appropriate applica-tion packages or services in response to the tasks originating from the portal front-end It is also used to deliver solutions back to the portal The knowledge driven approach ensures that users’ requests and information services are processed and delivered intelligently The core services INDEX provides include the goal-directed infer-ence (GDI) and the event-driven inferinfer-ence (EDI) These provide services and knowledge editing facilities, which are deployed as Web services, thus allowing INDEX services and facilities to be assessable remotely across the Internet GDI and EDI services cover a variety of tasks associated with users’ requirements For instance, when us-HUVKDYHZHOOGH¿QHGWDVNVLQPLQG*',VHUYLFHV such as fault diagnosis would be appropriate If XVHUVGRQRWNQRZWKHVSHFL¿FWDVNVRUSUREOHPV EDI could assist them by providing services such
as alerts to management The INDEX knowledge management system has the capability of com-municating with external systems or application packages such as portals that serve as application front-ends
Trang 10ONLINE COLLABORATION
SERVICE DELIVERY FRAMEWORK
The need to tie together incompatible enterprise
systems has increased so greatly that many
compa-nies have shifted their IT focus from development
to integration Given the importance of
integra-tion, PHOENIX aims to leverage the
service-ori-ented infrastructure for applications integration in
order to build and generate user centric solutions
DQGEXVLQHVVVSHFL¿FDSSOLFDWLRQV&RQVHTXHQWO\
on-demand solutions, such as improving business
LQWHOOLJHQFHRU¿QGLQJEHWWHUDSSURDFKHVLQWKH
supply chain of an organization, are produced
through the collaboration of various solutions
These solutions are integrated by middleware The
middleware acts as the intermediary for software
agents of components associated with applications
connected to the business system by either wired
or wireless networks Without such integration, individual enterprise technology systems work in partially or completely autonomous environments thus limiting their effectiveness
The aim of PHEONIX’s applied research is the delivery of innovative applications combin-ing traditional and leadcombin-ing edge technologies that include application packages and products and services from leading vendors The use of Portals plays several important roles in our research Two RIWKHPRUHLPSRUWDQWUROHVDUH¿UVWO\SURYLGLQJ front-end Web-based user interface services and secondly, acting as a bridge for back-end appli-cation integration services Figure 1 shows the high-level conceptual diagram associated with WKH DSSOLFDWLRQV RULHQWHG UHVHDUFK 7KH ¿JXUH shows client requests generated from various
Figure 1 Conceptual diagram for the proposed applied research environment
ESB via IBM WebSphere Business Integration (WBI)
RDBMS
SQL Server
RDBMS
Oracle
RDBMS
Legacy Database
RDBMS
Sybase
Business Logic Modules
S
A P
N
etW ea e r v
W
e b
S erv ices
IN X C oordina tion S erv ices
Network Client Network Client Mobile
Client Mobile Client Mobile Client
Application Client Application Client Application Client
Interface Agent
Generic INDEX Interface
INDEX Virtual Schema
Enterprise Information System
Real World Applications
IBM WebSphere
INDEX Virtual Schema
IBM WebSphere Portal with Workplace Client Plug-ins
... deployed, other applications (andother Web services) can discover and invoke the
deployed service
STANDARDS AND PROTOCOLS
The technical standard and protocols...
invoking Web services and is based on XML It
provides an envelope for sending and receiving
XML data and documents It allows program components and applications to interact with... of these protocols and
standards include:
WSRP
Web services for remote portlets (WSRP) is a
standard that enables portals to access and display
portlets