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Mounting a Physical CD/DVD Image or Mounting a CD/DVD Image File When installing software on a guest session of a virtual server system, the administrator either inserts a CD or DVD into

5 Installing a Guest Session on Hyper-V

NOTE

You cannot change the allocated RAM on a running virtual guest session The guest

session must be shut down first, memory reallocated to the image, and then the guest

image booted for the new memory allocation to take effect

Changing Network Settings for the Guest Session

Another common configuration change made to a guest session is to change the network

setting for the guest session An administrator of a virtual server might choose to have

each guest session connected directly to the network backbone just as if the guest session

had a network adapter connected to the backbone, or the network administrator might

choose to set up an isolated network just for the guest sessions The configuration of the

internal and external network segments that the administrator can configure the guest

sessions to connect to is covered in the “Managing Host Server, Virtual Switch, and Disk

Setting,” section of Chapter 6

The common configuration methods of the virtual network configurations can be broken

down into two groups, as follows:

Direct addressing—The guest sessions can connect directly to the backbone of the

network to which the virtual server host system is attached In this instance, an

administrator would configure an external connection in the Virtual Network

Manager and have an IP address on that external segment

Isolated network—If the administrator wants to keep the guest sessions isolated off

of the network backbone, the administrator can set up an internal connection in the

Virtual Network Manager, and the guest sessions would have an IP address of a

segment common to the other guest sessions on the host system In this case, the

virtual server acts as a network switch connecting the guest sessions together

NOTE

To connect the internal network segment with the external network segment, a guest

session can be configured as a router or gateway between the internal network and

external network

Mounting a Physical CD/DVD Image or Mounting a CD/DVD Image File

When installing software on a guest session of a virtual server system, the administrator

either inserts a CD or DVD into the drive of the physical server and accesses the disc from

the guest session or mounts an ISO image file of the disc media

To access a physical CD or DVD disc or to mount an image of a CD or DVD, do the

following:

1 From the Server Manager console or from the Hyper-V MMC snap-in, click to select

the guest session for which you want to change the CD or DVD

2 Right-click the guest session name, and choose Settings

3 Click DVD Drive and choose Physical CD/DVD Drive if you want to mount a disc in

the physical drive of the host system, or click Image File and browse for the ISO

image file you want to mount as a disc image

4 Click OK when you have finished

Other Settings to Modify for a Guest Session Configuration

Other settings can be changed for a guest session These options can be modified by going

into the Settings option of the guest session and making changes These other settings

include the following:

BIOS—This setting allows for the selection of boot order on the guest machine to

boot in an order that can include floppy, CD, IDE (disk), or network boot

Processor—Hyper-V provides the ability to allocate core processors to the guest

image, so a guest image can have up to four core processors allocated for each

session In addition, resource control can be weighted between guest sessions by

allocating system resource priority to key guest server sessions versus other guest

sessions

IDE Controller—The guest session initially has a single virtual hard drive associated

with it Additional virtual hard drives can be added to a virtual guest session

SCSI Controller—A virtual SCSI controller can be associated with a virtual guest

session, too, providing different drive configuration options for the different drive

configurations

COM Ports—Virtual communication ports such as COM1 or COM2 can be

associat-ed with specific namassociat-ed pipes for input and output of information

Launching a Hyper-V Guest Session

After a Hyper-V guest session has been created, and the settings have been properly

modi-fied to meet the expected needs of the organization, the virtual guest session can now be

launched and run Decisions need to be made whether you want the guest session to

auto-matically launch as soon as the server is booted, or whether you want to manually launch

a guest session In addition, a decision needs to be made on the sequence in which guest

sessions should be launched so that systems that are prerequisites to other sessions come

up first As an example, you’d want a global catalog server session and DHCP server

session to come up before an application server that logs on and authenticates to Active

Directory comes online and needs to authenticate to Active Directory before the server

service begins

Automatically Launching a Guest Session

One option for launching and loading guest sessions is to have the guest session boot

right after the physical server completes the boot cycle This is typically the preferred

option if a guest session is core to the network infrastructure of a network (such as a

5 Installing a Guest Session on Hyper-V

FIGURE 5.4 Automatic start actions

domain controller or host server system) so that in the event of a physical server reboot,

the virtual guest sessions boot up automatically, too It would not be convenient to have

to manually boot each virtual server session every time the physical server is rebooted

The option for setting the boot option for a virtual session is in the configuration settings

for each guest session

To change the boot action, do the following:

1 From the Server Manager console or from the Hyper-V MMC snap-in, right-click the

virtual machine for which you want to change the setup option, and select Settings

2 In the Management section of the settings, click Automatic Start Action

3 You are provided three options, as shown in Figure 5.4, of what to do with this

virtual guest session upon boot of the physical server Either click Nothing (which

would require a manual boot of the guest session), click Automatically Start If It Was

Running When the Service Stopped, or click Always Start This Virtual Machine

Automatically To set the virtual session to automatically start after the physical

server comes up, choose the Always Start This Virtual Machine Automatically option

4 Also on this setting is the ability to have an automatic start delay This allows you to

sequence the boot of image files by having some images take longer to automatically

start than others Click OK to save these settings

Manually Launching a Guest Session

Another option for guest session boot is to not have a guest session automatically start

after a physical server boots This is typically the preferred option if a guest session will be

part of a demonstration or test server where the administrator of the system wants to

control which guest sessions are automatically launched, and which sessions need to be

manually launched It would not be convenient to have a series of demo or test sessions

automatically boot every time the system is booted The administrator of the system

would typically want to choose to boot guest sessions

To set the boot action to manually launch a guest session, do the following:

1 From the Server Manager console or from the Hyper-V MMC snap-in, right-click the

virtual machine for which you want to change the setup option, and select Settings

2 In the Management section of the settings, click Automatic Start Action

3 When provided the three options of what to do with this virtual guest session upon

boot of the physical server, either click Nothing (which would require a manual boot

of the guest session), click Automatically Start If It Was Running When the Service

Stopped, or click Always Start This Virtual Machine Automatically Choose the

Nothing option and the session will need to be manually started

Save State of a Guest Session

In Windows 2008 Hyper-V, there are two concepts for saving guest images, one being

snapshots and the other being a saved state At any time, an administrator can select a

guest session and choose Action, Save State This Save State function is similar to a

Hibernate mode on a desktop client system It saves the image into a file with the option

of bringing the saved state image file back to the state the image was in before being

saved

Installing the Windows Guest Session Integration

Tools

Hyper-V provides integration tools that are components and drivers that get added into

the guest session of the operating system For Linux-based guest sessions, the Linux

inte-gration components were installed as part of the installation of the operating system

However, for Windows server and client guest sessions, the integration tools are installed

after the operating system has been installed The Windows integration tools include

specific drivers for the network adapter, hard drive controller drivers, sound drivers, and

the like Instead of using legacy drivers, the drivers with the integration tools are

opti-mized to provide better performance and better integration of the guest operating system

as a virtual guest session

Microsoft provides integration tools for the core operating systems they support as guest

sessions Additional integration tools will be released by Microsoft as they add support for

other guest sessions

5 Installing a Guest Session on Hyper-V

FIGURE 5.5 Adding the integration tools

Installing the Windows Integration Tools

The integration tools for Windows are installed from a virtual CD that is mounted when

you select to install the integration tools on the guest session The Windows integration

tools require the following operating systems:

Windows Server 2008 x86 and x64

Windows Server 2003 SP2 or later x86 and x64

Windows Vista x86

Windows XP SP3 or later x86

To install the Windows integration tools, do the following:

1 Start the virtual Windows guest session that you want to install the integration

tools onto

2 Log on as an administrator to the guest session, effectively an administrator that has

the security rights to install drivers and applications onto the guest session (typically

a local or domain administrator)

3 On the guest session window, choose Action, Install Integration Services Setup Disk,

as shown in Figure 5.5

4 Within the Windows guest session, you will be prompted to launch the integration

tools installation utility Click the installation utility to begin the installation

5 Reboot the guest session, and the integration tools will now be activated

What you’ll find with the integration tools is that the mouse no longer gets “captured,”

nor does it have to be “released” as required before the integration tools were installed

With the integration tools installed, the mouse will have control of the guest session

when the mouse is within the guest session window, and the mouse will control host

session screens when the mouse is outside of a guest session window

Using Snapshots of Guest Operating System Sessions

A highly versatile function in Windows 2008 Hyper-V is the option to create a snapshot of

a guest session A snapshot in Windows Hyper-V uses Microsoft Volume Shadow Copy

Service (VSS) technology, which captures an image of a file on a server—in this case, the

file is the VHD image of the virtual server itself At any point in time in the future, the

snapshot can be used for recovery

Snapshots for Image Rollback

One common use of a guest image snapshot is to roll back an image to a previous state

This is frequently done with guest images used for demonstration purposes, or test labs

where a scenario is tested to see the results and compared with identical tests of other

scenarios, or for the purpose of preparing for a software upgrade or migration

For the case of a guest image used for demonstration purposes, a user might run through a

demo of a software program where he adds information, deletes information, makes

soft-ware changes, or otherwise modifies information in the softsoft-ware on the guest image

Instead of having to go back and delete the changes, or rebuilding the image from scratch

to do the demo again, with a snapshot the user can just roll the image back to the

snap-shot that was available before the changes were made to the image

Image rollback has been successfully used for training purposes where an employee runs

through a process, then rolls back the image so that he can run through the same process

all over again, repeating the process on the same base image but without previous

installa-tions or configurainstalla-tions

In network infrastructures, a snapshot is helpful when an organization applies a patch or

update to a server, or a software upgrade is performed and problems occur; the

administra-tor can simply roll the image back to the point prior to the start of the upgrade or

migration

Snapshots for Guest Session Server Fault Tolerance

Snapshots are commonly used in business environments for the purpose of fault tolerance

or disaster recovery A well-timed snapshot right before a system failure can help an

orga-nization roll their server back to the point right before the server failed or problem

5 Installing a Guest Session on Hyper-V

FIGURE 5.6 Viewing snapshots of a guest server

occurred Instead of waiting hours to restore a server from tape, the activation of a

snap-shot image is nothing more than choosing the snapsnap-shot and selecting to start the guest

image When the guest image starts up, it is in the state that the image was at the time the

snapshot was created

Creating a Snapshot of a Guest Image

Snapshots are easy to create To create a snapshot, do the following:

1 From the Server Manager console or from the Hyper-V MMC snap-in, click to select

the guest session for which you want to create a snapshot

2 Right-click the guest session name, and choose Snapshot A snapshot of the image

will immediately be taken of the guest image, and the snapshot will show up in the

Snapshots pane, as shown in Figure 5.6

Rolling Back a Guest Image to a Previous Snapshot Image

The term used in Windows 2008 Hyper-V to roll back an image is applying a snapshot to

an existing image When an image is rolled back, the image currently running has the

snapshot information applied to the image, thus bringing the image back to an earlier

configuration state To apply a snapshot, do the following:

1 From the Server Manager console or from the Hyper-V MMC in, click the

snap-shot to which you want to revert the running guest image

2 Right-click the snapshot image and choose Apply The configuration state of the image

will immediately be reverted to the state of the image when the snapshot was taken

NOTE

By default, the name of the snapshot image takes on the date and time the image was

created As an example, if the image is called Windows 2008 IIS, an image taken on

April 26, 2008 at 6:19 a.m will show up as Windows 2008 IIS-20080426-061900

Reverting a Snapshot Session

When working with snapshots, if you snapshot a session and then apply an older session

snapshot to the current session, to effectively undo the rollback choose Action, Revert to

bring the server back to the state it was in before the rollback had occurred

Summary

The installation of a guest session in Windows 2008 Hyper-V is nothing more than

running an Installation Wizard that provides prompts to specify memory, processor, disk,

and other resources that’ll be allocated for the guest session Then you just insert the guest

session operating system and walk through the installation procedure of the operating

system

Hyper-V supports the installation of Windows 2003 Server, Windows 2008 Server, Windows

Vista, Windows XP, and non-Windows clients such as SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10

The process of installing guest sessions, whether Windows or non-Windows, is the same

After a guest session has been installed, the integration tools for the operating system can

be installed on the system These provide better drivers for disk, network, audio, and the

like The integration tools are available for the supported guest operating systems and

provide better mouse control and switching between guest and host sessions on keyboard

and the mouse

This chapter focused on the new installation of a guest operating system For the

conver-sion of existing physical or virtual sesconver-sions to a Hyper-V virtual guest sesconver-sion, see Chapter

10, “Creating Guest Images from Existing Production and Virtual Systems.”

Best Practices

The following are best practices from this chapter:

Select the guest operating system you want to install on Hyper-V from the list of

operating systems supported by Microsoft on Hyper-V

Refer to Chapter 3 to properly size the Hyper-V host server to accept the amount of

resources required for the guest sessions

5 Installing a Guest Session on Hyper-V

Refer to Chapter 4 to properly install the Hyper-V host role on a Windows Server

2008 system, whether that is a full server configuration or a server running Windows

200 Server Core

Have the installation media and license keys needed for the installation of the

guest operating system handy when you are about to install the guest operating

system session

Apply all patches and updates on guest sessions soon after installing the guest

oper-ating system, just as you would for the installation of updates on physical systems

For Microsoft Windows guest sessions, install the Windows integration tools to

improve the use and operation of the guest session

For SUSE Linux guest sessions, install the Linux integration tools to improve the use

and operation of the guest session

After installing the guest session and its associated applications, confirm whether the

memory of the guest session is enough, and adjust the memory of the guest session

accordingly to optimize the performance of the guest session

Allocate enough disk space to perform snapshots of images so that the disk

subsys-tem can handle both the required guest image and the associated snapshots of the

guest session

Consider using snapshots before applying major patches, updates, or upgrades to an

image session to allow for a rollback to the original image

Set a guest session to automatically launch if the guest session is a live server on the

network; that way, the Hyper-V host reboots, and the guest session will start soon

after the Hyper-V host has restarted

Administering and

Maintaining Hyper-V

Host Services

IN THIS PART

Maintaining a Hyper-V Host Server 151