Lập trình Wrox Professional Xcode 3 cho Mac OS part 78 pptx

Setting expert preferences Changing command key shortcuts and editor key bindings Using alternate editor applications Creating custom text macros and command scripts Making your own proj

Customizing Xcode

WHAT'S IN THIS CHAPTER?

Setting expert preferences Changing command key shortcuts and editor key bindings Using alternate editor applications

Creating custom text macros and command scripts Making your own project, fi le, and target templates Apple is famous for developing spare and elegant software Rare indeed is the Apple application that suffers from “ featurosis ” — a malady of ever - expanding specialized features that eventually smother an application in an incomprehensible maze of commands and options

Developers, however, are not consumers At least they don ’ t think of themselves as consumers Developers are professionals that expect, nay demand, that almost every aspect

of the tools they use be under their control to alter, repurpose, and tweak as they see fi t

I have personally worked with a developer who, dissatisfi ed with the warnings produced

by a compiler, downloaded its source code, corrected the perceived fl aw, and built his own personalized version to use Although the wisdom of his actions are debatable, the spirit of

“ if you don ’ t like the way it works, build your own ” runs deep and strong through the developer community

For this reason, Xcode is a departure from most software produced by the engineering teams

at Apple Xcode has a dizzying array of customizable options, as witnessed by the monstrous Xcode Preferences window Using the Xcode interface, you can completely customize the keystrokes used to invoke every Xcode command and motion The extensive set of build settings enable you to specify any of the innumerable switches passed to compilers, linkers, and other tools employed by Xcode You can completely reorganize the build process, and

➤

➤

➤

➤

➤

23

even alter seemingly inconsequential interface details, such as the highlight colors used by

the debugger

Surprisingly, the list doesn ’ t stop there There are scores of hidden and undocumented

customizations in Xcode Most are application settings that you can alter by editing the Xcode

preferences fi le, as discussed in this chapter You can also create your own templates and customize

the Xcode application by adding your own commands

Most undocumented features are unsupported by Apple and the Xcode development team I ’ ve tested every customization presented in this chapter, but that doesn ’ t mean they will work in future versions of Xcode Customization features that turn out to be popular are often re - implemented and appear in future versions in a friendlier and better - supported form Check the release notes for the feature you are looking for.

XCODE PREFERENCES

If you came to this chapter looking for the meaning of a particular Xcode preference setting, most

of them are discussed in the chapter that the setting applies to For example, the options in the

Code Sense tab are discussed in the “ Code Sense ” section in Chapter 7 To point you in the right

direction, the following table lists the tabs in the Xcode Preferences window and the chapter where

those settings are explained

PREFERENCE TAB CHAPTER

The Xcode documentation also describes the preference settings for each topic Chapter 12 of this book provides assistance in browsing the Xcode Help documents

KEY BINDINGS

The only preference tab not covered in the other chapters is Key Bindings The Key Bindings pane, shown in Figure 23 - 1, allows you defi ne the keystroke combination associated with just about every command and action that Xcode performs You will also see that a few actions are inaccessible in Xcode ’ s default confi guration and can only be accessed by assigning them a key binding

Key bindings are stored in sets Use the Key Binding Sets pop - up menu to switch between any of

the predefi ned sets that ship with Xcode, or any sets that you ’ ve defi ned Choose a set and click the

Apply or OK button, and the new bindings take effect immediately If you want to create a new

binding set, select a base set and click the Duplicate button Give the key binding set a name, as

shown in Figure 23 - 2 To delete the selected set, click the Delete button You cannot edit or delete

predefi ned sets To customize one of the predefi ned sets, duplicate it and edit the new set If you try

to edit a predefi ned key binding set, Xcode offers to fi rst duplicate the set

FIGURE 23 - 2

Menu Key Bindings

The Key Bindings pane has two tabs: Menu Key Bindings and Text Key Bindings Menu key

bindings, previously shown in Figure 23 - 1, bind keyboard shortcuts with the items in the Xcode

menus Menus items that are created dynamically, such as the list of recently opened projects,

cannot be bound

To edit a menu key binding, fi nd the menu item in the hierarchy of menu groups and double - click its

Key cell in the table The menu item ’ s current binding turns into an editable fi eld, as shown in

Figure 23 - 3 This is not a normal text edit fi eld; it captures any single keystroke or combination you

press You ’ ve used it most recently in Chapter 22 when assigning keyboard shortcuts to actions

To bind Command+P to the Xcode ➪ Preferences command, press Command+P on the keyboard

Instead of invoking the File ➪ Print command, Xcode captures the shortcut and replaces the

previous key binding Also shown in Figure 23 - 3 is a warning at the bottom of the pane that

“ ~CM - P is currently bound to Print ” This is a warning that the key binding that you chose for

this command is currently assigned to another command If you accept this key binding, the

binding on the other command will be removed This is your only warning that a confl icting

key binding will be removed, so check for confl ict messages before assigning a binding and

immediately enter a shortcut combination that doesn ’ t confl ict with another command before

going on Unless, of course, your intention is to reassign that shortcut to a different command,

in which case that ’ s exactly what you ’ ll get

To accept a key binding change, click outside the edit fi eld There is no keyboard shortcut to accept

a binding, because any keystroke you press will be captured as the new binding To remove a key binding, double - click the binding to enter edit mode and then click the grey – button to the right of the cell

Traditionally, key bindings for menu items are Command key combinations However, you are free

to assign any keystroke combination you want Existing examples are commands like Edit ➪ Next Completion, which is bound to Control+., or Edit ➪ Select Next Placeholder, which is bound to Control+/ Be judicious in these assignments — for example, assigning the Tab key to the Xcode ➪

Quit command is not recommended

Letter keys have no sense of case in key bindings Command+A is one key combination, and Command+Shift+A is a different key combination The state of the Caps Lock key has no infl uence

on key bindings

FIGURE 23 - 3

When editing key bindings, Xcode displays the symbols listed in the following table for special keys:

Delete (backspace) Delete (forward)

End

Text Key Bindings

Text key bindings are the keystrokes that the text editor interprets as actions By altering the text

key bindings, you can change the behavior of the Xcode text editor

Editing a text key binding is almost identical to the procedure for editing menu key bindings, as you

can see in Figure 23 - 4 The only signifi cant difference is that you can assign multiple key bindings

to the same action Any of the key combinations listed will invoke that action

To alter a key binding, double - click the Keys fi eld of the binding Set the fi rst, or replace the existing, key combination by typing the desired combination To add additional key combinations to the same action, click the + button to the right side of the edit fi eld, as shown in Figure 23 - 4 To delete a specifi c key combination, click the combination in the list to select it and then click the – button

FIGURE 23 - 4

In the editor, any regular character key that is not assigned an action is inserted literally into the text — assuming the encoding of the document permits it

To give you an idea of the kind of subtle change you can make to the editor, I ’ ll step you through the process of turning off the automatic indenting that normally occurs when you press the Tab key

Pressing the Tab key in most text editors simply inserts a tab character into the text If you look at the key bindings for Xcode, you ’ ll see that the Tab key is tied to the Insert Tab action On the face of

it, it would appear that Xcode does the same thing In reality, Insert Tab adds an additional level of convenience; it automatically re - indents the line after inserting the tab

The insert tab action that does nothing but insert a single tab character is named, cleverly, Insert Tab Without Extra Action Normally, the automatic re - indenting of your text is a huge convenience, but you might fi nd yourself in a situation where you just want a tab to be a tab You can fi x this in the key bindings for the editor, as follows:

2. In the Text Key Bindings table, fi nd the Insert Tab action and double - click its current

binding (usually the Tab key)

3. Hold down the Option key and press the Tab key Click outside the fi eld to set it

4. Click the OK button to adopt the new key bindings

Editing the text key bindings changes the key combinations that Xcode will use in all text editor

panes In steps 2 and 3, you replaced the key binding for the Insert Tab action — the action with

the extra features — with Option+Tab Because the Option+Tab was previously bound to Insert Tab

Without Extra Action, Xcode warned you of the confl ict (see the bottom of Figure 23 - 4) and deleted

that binding when you accepted the new one

Now the Tab key (alone) has no binding Without a special key binding, the Tab key is treated like

any other character No special reformatting or navigation is attached to inserting a single tab

character any more Alternatively, you could have accomplished the same thing by binding the Tab

key to the Insert Tab Without Extra Action action Because the Tab key represents the tab character,

both are equivalent

Key bindings are global, and both the menu key bindings and text key bindings share the same

table A key combination can only be assigned to a single menu command or editor action Keep this

in mind when you ’ re assigning non - Command key combinations to menu commands and vice versa

Key bindings are stored by name in your local ~/Library/Application Support/Xcode/Key

Bindings folder as .pbxkeys fi les You can exchange key binding fi les with other users To install a

key binding fi le, quit Xcode, copy a key bindings fi le into the Key Bindings folder, launch Xcode,

and select the new set from the Key Bindings Sets pop - up menu

USING AN EXTERNAL EDITOR

Is customizing the editor keystrokes and command shortcuts not enough? What if your favorite

editing feature isn ’ t included in Xcode ’ s editors? What if Xcode doesn ’ t even have an editor for the

kind of fi le you ’ ve added? Fear not; you can elect to use a third - party editor, instead of the built - in

editors provided by Xcode, for some or all of your editing needs

Although Xcode ’ s editors are powerful, Xcode has a relatively limited feature set when editing

certain types of source fi les, like XML and HTML The ability to plug a dedicated HTML editor

into Xcode adds a powerful new dimension to your development environment

Xcode has several different built - in editors What you have been exposed to most in this book is

the Source Code editor There is also a Plain Text editor, an RTF (Rich Text File) editor, an XML

Properties List editor, an Xcode Confi gurations Settings File editor, an AppleScript Dictionary

editor, an Image editor, a Data Model editor, and a few others The editor that is used when you

open a fi le is determined by the settings in the File Types tab of the Xcode Preferences (see Chapter

6) Each fi le type that Xcode understands is associated with an editor This can be one of the editors

built into Xcode, an external application, or the decision can be deferred to the Finder

Using an Alternate Editor Once

At any time, you can open a fi le using an alternate Xcode editor Right/Control+click the source

item and choose an editor from the Open As menu The menu contains the list of Xcode ’ s internal