Lập trình Wrox Professional Xcode 3 cho Mac OS part 5 pot

In the Default and All - In - One layout styles, the details list is displayed in a pane on the right side of the window, as shown in Figure 3 - 12.. You can hide the details view and co

32 ❘CHAPTER 3 XCODE LAYOUT

Delete this element and save the fi le The next time you launch Xcode, it will recreate the default

Implementation Files and NIB Files groups All other user - created smart groups will be gone

DETAILS, DETAILS

Now that you ’ ve learned to organize, customize, and navigate the top groups of your project, you ’ re

going to start digging into the details of those groups and what they contain Details about the

content of groups are displayed in a table called the details list The columns of the table display

properties about each item

In the Default and All - In - One layout styles, the details list is displayed in a pane on the right side

of the window, as shown in Figure 3 - 12 The Condensed layout style does not include a details pane

in the project window

The details pane shares its side of the window with an editor pane If the details list is not visible,

choose View ➪ Detail or View ➪ Zoom Editor Out to reveal it You can also drag the divider

between the details list and the editor pane

FIGURE 3-11

To delete all of the smart groups saved for all projects, fi rst quit Xcode Using the Property List

Editor (you will fi nd this in the /Developer/Applications/Utilities folder), open the

com.apple.Xcode.plist fi le in your account ’ s ~/Library/Preferences folder Look for an

element with the key com.apple.ide.smrt.PBXUserSmartGroupsKey.ver10 , shown in Figure 3 - 11

You can hide the details view and compact the window by double - clicking the expand/collapse control that sits between the Groups & Files list column header and the details list column header, also shown in Figure 3 - 11 Double - clicking the divider completely collapses the Groups & Files pane, leaving only the details list

There are some shortcut commands in the View ➪ Smart Groups submenu.

Each brings the project window to the front and selects the chosen smart group.

The details list always displays the set of source items encompassed by the current selection in the Groups & Files list Selecting an item in the Groups & Files list displays that item Selecting a group lists the details of all of the items contained in that group and any subgroups Selecting a target lists all of the items used to build that target Selecting combinations of groups and items displays the aggregate union of those sets

A few obscure exceptions to this rule exist For instance, the content of frameworks and bundles are not included in the details list unless the framework

or bundle is explicitly selected in the Groups & Files list This avoids commingling the individual components of a framework, which might include

FIGURE 3-12

34 ❘ CHAPTER 3 XCODE LAYOUT

The details list is typically used to see the status of an item; for example, to see whether it contains

any compiler errors, has been modifi ed, or needs to be built Double - clicking an item in the list

opens that item and is generally equivalent to opening the corresponding item from the Groups &

Files list A few properties can be edited directly in the details list; most notably, the Target column

An item with a check box in this column can be immediately added or removed from the current

target by ticking its check box

Showing and Hiding Detail Columns

The columns shown in the details list are dependant both on the type of items being listed and

which columns you ’ ve elected to display Each group contains only one kind of item: The Project

group contains source fi les, the Find Results group contains search results, the Bookmarks group

contains bookmarks, and so on Some properties that apply to source fi les (Target membership,

compiled size, and so on) do not apply to bookmarks and vice versa Selecting a set of fi les displays

only the detail columns appropriate to source fi les Selecting one or more bookmarks displays

columns appropriate only to bookmarks

Within the set of applicable columns, you are free to choose which are shown by enabling and

disabling individual columns To change the columns in a details list Right/Control+click any

column header, as shown in Figure 3 - 13 A pop - up menu shows all the columns and which are

currently displayed Some detail lists have columns that you cannot hide For example, the Role

column in the Targets group cannot be hidden, and does not appear in the pop - up list

FIGURE 3-13

You can resize columns by dragging the divider line between column headers Reorder columns by dragging the column header to a new position The layout for each type of list is remembered separately, so changes to one type of list do not affect others

Showing Details in the Groups & Files List

In addition to choosing the columns for the details list, you can add selected detail columns directly

to the Groups & Files list Right/Control+click any column header in the Groups & Files list Not all details apply to all types of items; ones that don ’ t will be blank

This ability is particularly useful in the Condensed layout style, which does not have a details pane

in the project window For example, in multi - target projects I invariably add the Target Membership column to the Groups & Files list so that I can quickly see (and change) what fi les are members of the active target

INFO WINDOWS

The Inspector and Info windows are the third, and fi nest, level of detail in Xcode The details list shows basic properties about many items at once, but an Info window tells the whole story It is where you can inspect and modify every aspect, property, and setting of each item For some items, that ’ s a lot of information

You can view the information about an item either in an Info window or in the Inspector palette Info windows are regular windows One is shown on the left in Figure 3 - 14 You can have multiple Info windows open at a time, which is particularly useful for comparing the details of two items To open the Info window for an item, select the item in the project window,

or have an editor window active, and choose the File ➪ Get Info (Command+I) command, click the

blue i icon in the toolbar, or Right/Control+click the item and choose Get Info from the contextual

menu

Changing the properties of the project, target, or executable is such a common activity that Xcode provides additional shortcuts just for those When you double - click the top - level project group, individual targets, and individual executables, Xcode opens an Info window — rather than expanding or collapsing their contents like other groups The Project menu contains three commands: Edit Project Settings, Edit Active Target, and Edit Active Executable All of these commands just open the appropriate Info window

36 ❘ CHAPTER 3 XCODE LAYOUT

The Inspector palette, shown on the right in Figure 3 - 14, is a single fl oating palette that

shows the information for the currently selected item or active window Getting information

about a different item is as easy as selecting the item The Inspector is always on top of all

other windows and disappears when Xcode is not the active application You can use both the

Inspector and Info windows at the same time

To reveal or hide the Inspector palette, hold down the Option key and select the File ➪ Show/Hide

Inspector command (Option+Command+I)

The Inspector and Info windows can display and alter the properties for more than one item at a

time Select multiple items and the Info window presents all of the properties that are common to

those items If you select disparate items, the Info window may only present one or two properties

that are common to all, such as the item ’ s Comments Radically different items result in an Info

window that says “ Nothing to Inspect ”

For each property, Xcode displays the value that is common to all of the items or it presents

an indicator that the value of the property varies between the items Changing the value of the

property changes it for all of the items If the property cannot be logically applied to all items, it is

disabled

FIGURE 3-14

Changes made in the Inspector and Info windows are immediate There is

no opportunity to cancel the change and most changes are not tracked by the Undo facility, so be mindful about making changes that you might want to retract, although there are actually very few changes that you could make in

an Info window that aren ’ t easily reversed The advantage is that you do not have to close the Inspector or Info window for the changes to take effect This

is particularly useful when you ’ re changing values like build settings, because you can edit the setting and build immediately with the new settings The only exceptions are some text entry fi elds You may have to tab out of a fi eld, or switch focus to another control or window, before the change is applied

TOOLBARS

The toolbar is a standard Macintosh user - interface element Toolbars can contain command buttons, pop - up lists, search fi elds, and other controls right at the top of each window, making them immediately visible and quickly accessible Refer back to Figure 3 - 1, or almost any other

fi gure of a window, for an example The items you want in your toolbar are those functions that you use repeatedly and to which you want fast access, as well as settings and conditions that you want to refer to quickly If you ’ ve been using OS X for any length of time, you are undoubtedly familiar with toolbars If not, here ’ s a crash course on Mac OS X toolbars:

Toolbars can be shown or hidden by clicking the elongated white button at the right side of the window ’ s title bar, or by choosing View ➪ Show/Hide Toolbar

Toolbars can be customized by choosing View ➪ Customize Toolbar or by clicking the toolbar button while holding down the Command and Option keys

Add, remove, or rearrange items in the toolbar customization sheet by dragging

Choose the icon mode and size at the bottom of the sheet

You can rotate through the toolbar ’ s icon modes and sizes by repeatedly clicking the toolbar button while holding down the Command key

All like windows share the same toolbar Customizing the toolbar of an editor window changes the toolbar for all editor windows

Almost all toolbar controls implement a command, setting, or function found elsewhere in the Xcode system Toolbars do not add functionality — they merely add convenience Some toolbar items are specifi c to certain windows For example, the Debugger ’ s toolbar can be populated with all kinds of debug - specifi c items, which do not appear in other toolbars Explore the toolbars for each window type to discover what items you can use there

Although most of the controls you can place in the toolbar are self - explanatory, the following table

➤

➤

➤

➤

➤

➤

38 ❘ CHAPTER 3 XCODE LAYOUT

TOOLBAR CONTROL FUNCTION

Project An oft - overlooked toolbar shortcut that simply brings you back to

your project window, equivalent to View ➪ Project (Command+0) If you have a lot of editor windows obscuring your screen, it ’ s a quick way back home

Tasks The “ stop sign ” item is used to stop running tasks Tasks include

building, running, and debugging Click once to stop the most recently started process or application Hold down the button

to reveal a list of running tasks and choose the task you want to terminate

Overview The Overview pop - up menu is a combination of the Active SDK,

Active Build Confi guration, Active Target, Active Executable, and Active Architecture tools If you work with multitarget projects that produce several executables or have more than three build confi gurations, this is probably the most useful tool to have in your toolbar

The project window ’ s toolbar (in the Default and All - In - One layout style) has one oddball tool

that you can only add or remove using the View ➪ Layout ➪ Show/Hide Page Control command

It adds a tool to the left side of the toolbar that performs the same function as the expand/

collapse control that sits between the Groups & Files list column header and the details list

column header, as shown in Figure 3 - 15

STATUS BAR AND FAVORITES BAR

The thick portion at the bottom of the window ’ s frame (which was visible in Figure 3 - 1) is not

merely decorative — it ’ s the status bar The status bar displays various progress and status messages

for processes like builds and multifi le searches You can hide or show the status bar in most

windows using the View ➪ Layout ➪ Hide/Show Status Bar command

You can reveal the Favorites bar in the project window, shown in Figure 3 - 15, using the View ➪

Layout ➪ Show/Hide Favorites Bar command Here you can place fi les and bookmarks to which

you want convenient access Drag a fi le or bookmark into the Favorites bar to add it Drag it out to

remove it

Clicking once on a favorites item selects that item in the project window Double - clicking opens the

fi le In the case of a bookmark, it jumps to that bookmark location If you add a source group to the Favorites bar, click and hold on the folder to get a pop - up menu of the fi les in that group

ACTIVITY VIEWER WINDOW

The Activity Viewer window is a bit of an odd duck It ’ s the only window that doesn ’ t really belong

to any specifi c Xcode function, tool, or item It simply displays the progress of various Xcode tasks

Open it using the Windows ➪ Activity command It displays the status of background processes such as builds, re - indexing, batch fi nds, predictive compilation, and similar behind - the - scenes activity It is most useful for observing Xcode itself If you ’ re wondering whether the project indexer

is fi nished indexing your project, a quick trip to the Activity window will tell you what ’ s going on

Or, maybe you just want something interesting to look at while building a large project

SUMMARY

You should now have a good feel for how to get around in Xcode You know how to choose the visual style that fi ts your needs, customize the interface a little, organize the items in your projects, and get varying degrees of information about items in a project

You are now ready to create a working project

FIGURE 3-15