Thiết kế web với joomla 1.6(5).x part 5 docx

Note All the articles in the sample data content hierarchy are assigned to categories and sections.. Menus are created, edited, and deleted from within the Menu Manager; menu display, h

Taking a Look at

Joomla!

IN THIS CHAPTER Introducing the front end Introducing the back end

If you worked through the previous chapter, you should have a complete

Joomla! installation, ready to be explored This chapter goes through

Joomla’s front-end and back-end interfaces and explains what you see

on- screen This chapter also provides a quick orientation and tour of the

Joomla! system

The references and figures in this chapter all refer to the default site with the

sample data installed

Introducing the Front End

(The Public Interface)

The front end of your Joomla! installation is the interface that is seen by the

visitors to the site The front end is the target for your output and the place

where your visitors access the site’s content and functionality By default,

access to the front end of a Joomla! site is unrestricted; however, you can

restrict the visibility of content and functionality to users who are registered

and logged in to the system

Visitors to the site should be able to see and use the front-end content and

functionality with any of a wide range of browsers, both current and older

editions The site is also usable by most common mobile devices

In terms of the structural functionality of the front end, the key elements you see on-screen, as shown in Figure 3.1 are:

l Template: The container for all the output on the page This defines the look and feel of

the page

l Articles: Your content items.

l Modules: Provide output and functionality in secondary content areas.

l Plugins: Enhance the functionality of your articles, components, and modules.

Understanding content organizational structure

Joomla! organizes content items into a hierarchy comprised of sections, categories, and articles Sections are the top level parent container Categories are assigned to sections Articles can be either assigned to categories or they can be segregated from the hierarchy and grouped into a

generic collection called uncategorized content.

Looking at the default Joomla! 1.5 site, with the sample data installed, you will find the hierarchy shown in Table 3.1

Note

All the articles in the sample data content hierarchy are assigned to categories and sections There are no uncategorized content articles in the default Joomla! 1.5 setup.

FIGURE 3.1

The front end of the default Joomla site with the sample data installed Note the key output areas

A module

An article

The template

A plugin

TABLE 3.1

The Content Hierarchy of the Sample Data in Joomla! 1.5.x

About Joomla!

The Project

Support and Documentation Joomla! License Guidelines Platforms and Open Standards The CMS

What’s New in 1.5?

Joomla! Overview Extensions Joomla! Features Content Layouts The Community

Joomla! Facts The Joomla! Community News

Latest

Welcome to Joomla!

Joomla! Community Portal Joomla! Security Strike Team

We are Volunteers Millions of Smiles Newsflash

Newsflash 1 Newsflash 2 Newsflash 3 Newsflash 4 Newsflash 5 FAQs

General

Is it possible to change a menu item’s Type? What is an Uncategorized article?

How do I install Joomla! 1.5?

Sections Categories Articles

Can Joomla! 1.5 operate with PHP Safe Mode on?

What are the requirements to run Joomla! 1.5?

What is the FTP layer for?

My MySQL database does not support UTF-8 Do I have a problem?

Why does Joomla! 1.5 use UTF-8 encoding?

Current Users

Where did the Installers go?

What happened to the local setting?

How do I upgrade to Joomla! 1.5?

Only one edit window! How do I create “Read more…”? Where did the Mambots go?

Where is the Static Content Item?

New to Joomla!

What is the difference between Archiving and Trashing an article?

How do I remove an article?

Is it useful to install the sample data?

Languages

I installed with my own language, but the back end is still in English

What languages are supported by Joomla! 1.5?

Does the PDF icon render pictures and special characters? What is the purpose of the collation selection in the installa-tion screen?

How do I localize Joomla! to my language?

Cross-Reference

Working with sections, categories, and articles is covered in Chapter 5.

An important point to note here: Any content structures the administrator implements do not translate automatically into the organizational structure that visitors see on the front end of the web site The content hierarchy is a reflection of how the articles, categories, and sections have been created on the back end of the site The structure of the menus, discussed in the next section,

is primarily responsible for how site visitors experience the content

Throughout this text I have, with but few exceptions, strived to use terminology that is consistent with that used by the Joomla! team on the documentation site and in the online help files A quick orienta-tion to Joomla! terms of art can help you develop a clear understanding of discussions both in this book and in Joomla! documentation resources

l Access Level: Access levels provide a way for the site administrator to control access to

arti-cles or functionality Joomla! provides three access levels: Public, Registered, and Special Setting an item’s access level to Public means that anyone can see it Setting the access level

to Registered or Special restricts visibility to the users assigned to specific user groups

l Archives: Articles in Joomla! can be removed from the general content areas of the site and

placed in an archive Archives can be made publicly accessible, but the functionality associ-ated with archived articles is restricted Archives can also be hidden from public view Archiving is not the same as moving an article to the trash (see the next term) This is most often used with blog-type sites because the archived articles can be used to organize old arti-cles according to month posted

l Article: An article is a page of content created with Joomla’s New Article functionality

Articles are collected inside the Article Manager interface and can be created, edited, deleted, published, unpublished, and archived Articles can also be created from the front end of the web site when the front-end content management functionality is enabled

l Component: Components are major units of functionality that provide output in the main

content area of a page Components are the most complex individual units in the system, sometimes constituting complete applications in themselves Each component in the system has its own management interface inside the admin system A number of components are included in the default system, and you can add more to the system

l Core: The term core in this context refers simply to the files included in the default Joomla!

distribution

l Extensions: Extension is a generic term that refers to any component, module, plugin, or

tem-plate that is added to the default system Extensions can be installed, deleted, or managed through the admin system’s Extension Manager Note that because some extensions are required by Joomla! they cannot be deleted It’s probably a good practice to only delete extensions that you’ve installed yourself

l Menus: Menus hold the navigation choices for your site Menus are created, edited, and

deleted from within the Menu Manager; menu display, however, is managed from the Module Manager via the Menu Modules Menus are comprised of menu items

l Menu Items: Menu items are the choices (the links) on a menu Menu items are created,

edited, and deleted from within each of the system’s Menu Item Managers Each menu in the system has one Menu Item Manager

l Menu Item Types: Each menu item is of a specific Menu Item Type The creation of a new

menu item requires the selection of a Menu Item Type for that item Menu Item Types are very important in Joomla! because they dictate aspects of the appearance of the page that the menu item links to

Developing your Joomla! vocabulary

l Module: Modules typically provide output in the secondary areas of the page, that is, not

inside the main content area Modules are sometimes simply containers that hold text or pictures; at other times, they provide limited functionality, like a login box Modules are often paired with components to provide an alternative means of displaying output from the com-ponent Modules are collected inside the Module Managers where they can be edited and assigned to various pages and positions A number of different module types are included in the default system Modules can be added to the system through the Extensions Manager or created by the site administration from within the Module Manager

l Module Positions: Module positions are places on the page where a module can be assigned

to appear Module positions are created by the template designer who codes into the tem-plate the Module Position Holders that define each of the module positions Modules can also be included in articles by inserting {loadposition NameOfModule} inside the article text

l Module Type: Each module in the system is of a particular module type When you create a

new module manually you must select a Type for the module The module type dictates aspects of the functionality of the module

l News Feeds: The term news feed refers to RSS or similar syndication formats Joomla! can

dis-play news feed data inside the site by using either the News Feed Component or the Feed Display Module The site can also provide syndication links for your site visitors, turning your content into a news feed for others to view Do not confuse news feeds with the newsflash functionality (see following term); though the names are similar they are not related in any way

l Newsflash: The Newsflash functionality is a module that displays one or more short items of

content on the screen Do not confuse this functionality with the news feed functionality; they are not related in any way

l Plugin: Plugins are helper applications that enable additional functionality in the site’s

com-ponents, articles, or modules Plugins are collected in the Plugin Manager New plugins can

be installed through the Extension Manager or created by the site administrator through the Plugin Manager In previous versions of Joomla!, these were called Mambots

l Template: Templates control the presentation layer of your Joomla! site They define the

inter-faces of the site When you change a template, you change the way the site looks for either the visitors or the administrators Templates can be added to the system through the Extension Manager The installed templates are collected inside the Template Manager where they can

be edited

l Translations and Language Packs: Translations are the language files of your Joomla! site In

this text the collection of translated language files for a single language is called Language

Packs, as that name is rather more descriptive and less confusing than the generic term

Translations New Language Packs can be added through the Extension Manager and

installed Language Packs are collected inside the Language Manager

l Trash: The trash functionality in Joomla! provides a temporary holding area for articles and

menu items that have been removed from use on the site and are pending permanent dele-tion In Joomla! 1.5, articles and menu items are the subject of two separate Trash Managers that allow you to restore or permanently delete the articles or items In Joomla! 1.6, the multi-ple Trash Manager functionalities have been merged into the manager interfaces for the vari-ous items

Understanding menu structure

The default Joomla! installation, with the sample data in place, contains thirty-one menu items organized into seven menus The menus are visible in the Menu Manager; the menu items are in the Menu Item Managers of each menu Table 3.2 shows a list of all the menus in the default sys-tem with the sample data installed, including the number of menu isys-tems in each menu and the access level settings

TABLE 3.2

Summary of the Default Menu Structure

User Menu 4 Registered & Special

Note that all of the menus and their menu items are set to the public access level, except for the User Menu The User Menu has a mix of items assigned to either the registered or special access levels The result is that the User Menu only appears on the page when a site visitor is registered and authenticated Certain items on that menu are visible by registered users; others are only visi-ble by users that are assigned to higher user groups, for example, authors, editors, or publishers Menu placement on the page is controlled by the assignment of the menu modules to specific module positions, as shown in Figure 3.2

Cross-Reference

Working with menus and menu items is covered in Chapter 8.

Modules and module positions

The default Joomla! installation with the sample data installed includes a large number of modules Some of the modules are published and visible, others are not Module visibility depends upon

l Whether the module is enabled, that is, whether it is published

l Whether the module is assigned to the page you are viewing

l Whether the viewer has sufficient access privileges to view the module

FIGURE 3.2

The site’s default menus, showing the placement of each menu on the page

Top menu

Main

menu

Resources

menu

Key

Concepts

menu

User menu

The module assignment, visibility, and access levels are set by editing the module from the Module Manager See Figure 3.3

FIGURE 3.3

A typical page from the default site with the sample data installed, showing various modules as they appear to front-end site visitors

News flash Top menu

Bread crumbs

Main Menu

Key Concepts menu Footer Banner

In addition to the modules you see on the default site, the sample data in Joomla 1.5.x includes other modules that are not published, including:

l Statistics

l Archive

l Sections

l Related Items

l Wrapper

l Feed Display

If you want to see these in action, go to the Module Manager and enable them Note that some require additional configuration for the output to be meaningful

Modules are placed on the page by assigning them to module positions The module positions are coded into the template by the template designer Figure 3.4 shows the same page you saw in Figure 3.3, but with the names of the module positions overlaid

FIGURE 3.4

A page showing an overlay that indicates the names of the available module positions Note this informa-tion is specific to this particular template Module posiinforma-tions vary from template to template

Top User 3

Footer

Joomla! classifies modules into two categories: Site modules and Administrator modules The Site modules are visible on the front end of the site The Administrator modules are only visible on the back end of the site To view and manipulate the Site modules, access the Module Manager.

Cross-Reference

Site modules are discussed in Chapter 17 Administrator modules are covered in Chapter 18.

Introducing the Back End (The Admin

Interface)

The back end of your Joomla! site is the administration interface where the majority of your site management activities occur Access to the admin system is controlled by a login form and is restricted to only those users who are assigned to user groups higher than publisher By default the admin login page is always located at /administrator, for example, www.yourdomain.com/ administrator

Note

Back-end users should access the system with only more recent versions of Internet Explorer, Firefox, or Safari

to assure maximum accessibility to all the admin functions Older or more obscure browsers may not function optimally.

Exploring the admin interfaces

Three primary types of interfaces are in the admin system: the Control Panel, the manager pages, and the workspace pages I cover each of these interfaces in the following sections

Control Panel

The first page you see when you log into the admin system is the Control Panel, as shown in Figure 3.5 You can also return to this page at any time by selecting the option Control Panel under the Site Menu

The Control Panel is designed to provide administrators with quick access to the most frequently used tasks and tools as well as a summary of useful information