Automotive Control Systems P2 ppt

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![ [.CI.T![_T H, M = '=!E; G3 E[TGIc a?[=?E [= VcV[.C !3[.T [= [T!EV3.T G3 [=.TC!B E.T;c '!E $ +.V'T?$.+ $c)

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$ [T!EV3.TT.+ 3TGC =G[ [G 'GB+ C.+?! !E+ EG[ ?E [= GIIGV?[ +?T.'[?GEM = .E[TGIc G3 [= 'GB+ $G+c ^ ?V B!T;.T [=!E [= .E[TGIc G3 [= =G[ $G+c H !V [= .E[TGIc ?V ?E`.TV.Bc ITGIGT[?GE!B [G [= [.CI.T![_T.M

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!E+ !E ?TT.`.TV?$B V[![ '=!E; ?V '=!T!'[.T?d.+ $c)

a=?'= ?V !BVG '!BB.+ [= V.'GE+ [=.TCG+cE!C?' B!aM [ C.!EV [=![ [= .E[TGIc a?[=?E [= VcV[.C !Ba!cV ?E'T.!V.V 3GT T.!B V[![ '=!E;.VM

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VV_C?E; T.`.TV?$B V[![ '=!E;.V* [= 3GBBGa?E; ?+.!B 'c'B ITG'.VV '!E $ +.> V'T?$.+) = ;!V !$VGT$V [=.TC!B E.T;c ??E !E ?VG[=.TC!B !E+ T.`.TV?$B V[![ '=!E; ![ =?;= [.CI.T![_T HM = ;!V [=.E BGV.V [= [=.TC!B E.T;c ?, ?E !E

?VG[=.TC!B !E+ T.`.TV?$B V[![ '=!E; ![ BGa [.CI.T![_T H,

K , ?V +.B?`.T.+ $c V_'= !E ?+.!B E;?E a=?'= ?V O_?`!B.E[ [G [= +?4.T.E' G3 [= [=.TC!B E.T;?.V) K ,1 ? ?,M = .E[TGIc '=!E; V=!BB $ d.TG)

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= !TEG[ 'c'B ?V '=!T!'[.T?d.+ $c 3G_T V[![ '=!E;.VM
[ [= .E+ G3 [= ITG'.VV* [= ?E?[?!B V[![ ?V T.!'=.+ !;!?E a=?'= ?V [= '!V 3GT !BB I.T?G+?' ITG'.VV.V ?E E;?E.VM aG +?4.T.E[ 'c'B.V =!` [G $ +?V[?E;_?V=.+)

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K, +1 3 AJH, H+K

\  : VG[=.TC!B 'GCIT.VV?GE G3 [= ;!V 3TGC + [G  a=?B [= [.CI.T![_T T.C!?EV 'GEV[!E[ H+1 HM = C.'=!E?'!B aGTA

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:  H V.E[TGI?' 'GCIT.VV?GE G3 [= ;!V 3TGC  [G M G [=.TC!B E.T;c ?V b'=!E;.+ ?, + 1 eM = C.'=!E?'!B aGTA ?V !BVG E.;![?` ?E [=?V '!V

JH* HK)

K 1 3 AJH HK

Ga* !BB A?E.[?' E.T;?.V G3 [= !TEG[ 'c'B =!` [G $ !++.+ [G +.T?` [= [=.TCG+cE!C?' 5'?.E'c)

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GCCGEBc _V.+ 'GC$_V[?GE E;?E.V ?E '!TV !T 3G_T>V[TGA .E;?E.VM =.c =!` [aG ?E[.TC?[[.E[ 'c'B.V) [= ;!V ?V 'GCIT.VV.+* 'GC$_V[.+ !E+ bI!E+.+ ?E [= 7TV[ 'c'B.* !E+ [= ;!V ?V b'=!E;.+ ?E [= V.'GE+ 'c'B.M E [=?V V.'[?GE [= V.'GE+ JGT I!VV?`.K 'c'B a?BB EG[ $ 'GEV?+.T.+ [G V?CIB?3c [= C![=.C![?'!B +.T?`![?GEVM

= ITG'.VV.V T.B![.+ [G [= V.'GE+ 'c'B a?BB $ +?V'_VV.+ ?E =!I[.T \M

aG +?4.T.E[ [cI.V G3 'GC$_V[?GE E;?E.V =!` [G $ +?V[?E;_?V=.+)

HM I!TA>?;E?[.+ JK E;?E.) GC$_V[?GE '!_V.+ $c !E B.'[T?' VI!TA>?;E?[?GEM

^M ?.V.B E;?E.) GC$_V[?GE '!_V.+ $c V.B3 ?E9!CC![?GE +_ [G 'GCIT.V> V?GE!B =.![M

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`GB_C +G.V EG[ '=!E; $.[a E V[.I ^ !E+ V[.I \M = T![?G G3 C!b?C_C [G C?E?C_C `GB_C ?V ;?`.E $c)

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=?V V[![ '=!E; +.V'T?$.V [= IGa.T V[TGA G3 [= .E;?E a=.T K+  ?V [= G_[I_[ G3 A?E.[?' E.T;c 3TGC [= ;!V* a=?'= ?V IGV?[?` JH2 H+KM

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= BGVV G3 [=.TC!B E.T;c ?  ?V +_ [G [= ;!V b'=!E;.) = $_TE[ =G[

;!V ?V I_CI.+ ?E[G [= .b=!_V[ !E+ [= 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T ?V 7BB.+ a?[=

! 'GB+ C?b[_T G3 _E$_TE[ 3_.B `!IGT !E+ !?T J?  ?V E.;![?` $.'!_V G3

H2 HKM

= [=.TC!B 5'?.E'c G3 [= .E;?E ?V O_?`!B.E[ [G [= T![?G G3 !BB [= A?E.[?' E.T;?.V [G [= ?EI_[ G3 [=.TC!B E.T;c ?, + ![ [= 'GC$_V[?GE G3 ! 'GCIB.[

'c'B.)

&=& 1 K ,N K, +N K+ N K 

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3 AJH+ H,K

1 H H H

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1 H H

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&=&1 e;YHX

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[ [= $.;?EE?E; G3 [=?V ITG'.VV [= 'GC$_V[?GE ?V 'GE[TGBB.+

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?E ?;_T ^MHHM = CGT 3_.B ?V ?E@.'[.+* [= BGE;.T [= +?V[!E' $.[a E V[.IV ^

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= [=.TCG+cE!C?' 5'?.E'c G3 [= .B?;.T ITG'.VV ?V [=.E)

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H+ 

H+

H+

H 1 A %

*

H

H 1

H

H+

H+ 

H 1

A

% '*

A %*1 A*

eM^

eM:

eMY

&=&

A

A 1 H

A 1 ^

A 1 \

"#%=%9#390 ;9 ;7=E%FF3;9 EJ3;  9# 6;# + >CMJ3;9 LAG-?

= [=.TCG+cE!C?' 5'?.E'c G3 [= .B?;.T ITG'.VV '!E $ V?CIB?7.+ [G)

&=&1 H  H

%*

A* H

[ '!E $ V E [=![ [= [=.TCG+cE!C?' 5'?.E'c G3 [=  E;?E ?V G$[!?E.+ a=.E A 1 H !E+ [=![ G3 [= ?.V.B E;?E a=.E 1 H J?;_T ^MH\KM

= ?E>'cB?E+.T IT.VV_T +_T?E; 'GC$_V[?GE ?V IBG[[.+ G`.T [= 'T!EAV=!3[ !E;B ?E

?;_T ^MH:M = 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G % 3GT [=  E;?E ?V B?C?[.+ $c [= C!b?C_C

!BBGa!$B IT.VV_T 9++_T?E; [= 'GC$_V[?GE ITG'.VVM E+.T I!T[ BG!+ 'GE+?[?GEV* [= C!b?C_C IT.VV_T G3 ! 'c'B ?V 3!T $.BGa [=?V B?C?[* V?E' [=  E;?E IGa.T G_[I_[ ?V CG+_B![.+ $c [=TG[[B?E; [= !?T ?E[!A [=_V CG+_B![?E; 9J?;_T ^MH8KM

BGa 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G % ?V !BVG =.BI3_B [G T.+_' AEG'A?E; G3 [= .E;?E !E+ [G C [ C![.T?!B +.C!E+VM E 'GE[T!V[ [G  E;?E.V* [= C!b?C_C IT.VV_T 3GT

?.V.B E;?E.V ?V 'BGV.T V.[ [G [= C!b?C_C !BBGa!$B IT.VV_T 9+M
V [= ?.V.B E;?E ?V _E[=TG[[B.+ JCG+_B![?GE G3 AK* ?[ '!E !4GT+ =?;=.T 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?GV

% 1 E,[=!E [=  E;?E J?;_T ^MHYKM

= 3G_T>V[TGA .E;?E aGTAV ?E[.TC?[[.E[Bc)
=G[ 'GC$_V[?GE 'c'B ?V !B> a!cV 3GBBGa.+ $c ! 'GGB ;!V b'=!E; 'c'B.M E [= 7TV[ 'c'B.* I.!A [.CI.T![_T.V G3 ^8ee  ^/ee G''_TM GCI!T.+ [G [=![* [= C!b?C_C [.CI.T![_T G3 ;!V [_T$?E.V C_V[ $ A.I[ C_'= BGa.T JH\eeK* V?E' [= 'GC$_V[?GE ITG'.VV ?V 'GE> [?E_G_VM ?.V.B E;?E.V =!` ! =?;=.T [=.TCG+cE!C?' 5'?.E'c [=!E  E;?E.V

,C$5F@79,

9

"7K5 I9

9,CF75 37J$C

 



![ BGa !E+ C.+?_C IGa.T J?;_T ^MH\KM
[ [_T$G'=!T;.+ ?.V.B E;?E.V !BVG 9

?V CG+_B![.+M E GT+.T [G V[!c $.BGa C!b?C_C [.CI.T![_T.V* [= 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G % ?V T.+_'.+ ![ [_T$G'=!T;.+ ?.V.B E;?E.VM = !$VGB_[ .4.'[?` IGa.T G_[I_[ G3 'GC$_V[?GE E;?E.V +.I.E+V GE [= +?VIB!'.C.E[ `GB_C !* [= VI.> '?7' aGTA G_[I_[ I.T IGa.T>V[TGA K#!E+ [= E_C$.T G3 'T!EAV=!3[ T.`GB_[?GEV 5)

#1 K#!5

a=.T.)

# ?V [= !$VGB_[ .4.'[?` IGa.T G_[I_[

K# ?V [= VI.'?7' aGTA T.3.TT.+ [G [= +?VIB!'.C.E[ `GB_C !

! ?V [= +?VIB!'.C.E[ `GB_C  ,

J=.T.* GEBc GE 'cB?E+.T ?V T.;!T+.+K

5 ?V [= E_C$.T G3 'T!EAV=!3[ T.`GB_[?GEV I.T C?E_[

= 3!'[GT HE^ ?V E.'.VV!Tc ?E +.[.TC?E?E; [= IGa.T G_[I_[ G3 3G_T>V[TGA .E;?E.V V?E' GEBc `.Tc V.'GE+ 'c'B 'GE[T?$_[.V IGa.TM = C.!E I?V[GE `.BG'?[c -C +.I.E+V GE [= E_C$.T G3 'T!EAV=!3[ T.`GB_[?GEV I.T C?E_[ 5 !E+ [= C!b?C_C I?V[GE V[TGA ^ @ 3TGC [GI +.!+ [G $G[[GC +.!+ '.E[.TM = C.!E I?V[GE `.BG'?[c

?V)