The Complete IS-IS Routing Protocol- P19 pot

Weaknesses in ISIS 353

BGP and 274–276, 481–482

Cisco 6

Common header 110

Configuration

Basic 66–68

IOS 451

JUNOS 452

Configuration examples see Configuration

examples

Database 142–143, 433 see also Link-state

database

Defined 1

DIS 113, 188 (see also DR)

And psuedonodes 183

Election 173, 199

ID (JUNOS) 201–202

Pre-emption 200

Priority 199–200

Redundancy 202

Distribution of prefixes 329–331

Encapsulation

802.3 81

SNAP 231–232

Extended fragmentation 518–520

Extensibility 5, 289–291

Extensions 345

Flooding and TED 436

Full Internet routes 469

Future of 503

G-MPLS extensions 513–518

Graceful restart 388–389

IETF and 6

Interface 80

Intergration with IP 5

IOS commands for see Commands, IOS

IP addresses and 102–103

IPv6 370

JUNOS commands for see Commands,

JUNOS

LDP and 421

Levels

8-level ISIS 513–518

Defined 85

L1 85–87, 112, 142, 144, 155, 240, 331

L1L2 85–87, 112, 115, 156, 159, 240,

331, 339

L2 85–87, 112, 143–144, 146, 155, 240,

331

Recommendations 493–494 Liveliness 135–136

LSDB 141–142, 433 see also Link-state

database

LSPs see LSPs

MAC addresses and 80 Messages

Common header 110 Hello 109–110 LAN hello 111 P2P hello 114 Metrics 14, 193, 267, 294–295 301 Auto-bandwidth 320

Auto-calculation of 319–320 And traffic engineering 393 Interworking issues 327 Example 250–253 New-style 318 Old-style 301–302, 304–205, 327 Static 320–322

Wide 304, 318, 408 MTU size 82, 230–232 Checking 116 Issues 230–232 Multi-topology 379 Neighbor liveliness detection 135–136 NETs 92–93, 100

On NSFNet 3–4 Origin of 2–4 OSI-RM and 79–80 Overload bit 154, 156–157, 159 Application 159–160 Fragments and 244 Setting 161–163 Use recommended 499 Padding 116, 234–235 Private addresses 103–104 Pseudonode 153, 183, 186–187, 301 And SPF calculation 254–256 Representation 188

Suppression of (P2P) 196 System-ID selection 191–193 PSNP 208, 218, 236–238 And authorization 365 Purging LSPs 172–175 Expiration of 174 Route leaking, ISIS 87–90 Level 1 to Level 2 337 Level 2 to Level 1 331–334

ISIS (cont'd)

Route resolution 247, 273–276

Routing policy 55, 73, 76–77, 310, 312,

336, 471–472, 477–478 see also Route

leaking

Sample network

Addresses 8

Topology 7

Scaling 475

LANs 183–186

Levels and 494–497

Show commands see Commands

SNAP encapsulation 231–232

SPF calculations 94, 126, 144, 156, 208,

241, 247

Stress 479

CPU and memory 483

Flooding 479

Forwarding state change 481

SPF 480

Synchronizing database see Link-state

database, synchronization

TLVs see TLVs

Troubleshooting 439, 460 see also

Troubleshooting, commands

Broken adjacency 460

Missing PP-OSICP 462

Non-matching area-ID 465

Non-matching authentication 466

Non-matching IP subnet 467

Non-matching level 464

ISO 10589

Basics 1, 3, 79, 178–179, 181

Flooding 296

Hellos and LSPs 220

IPv6-IPv4 376

Jitter 185–186

MTU size 234

Oddities 102, 116, 131, 156, 218

New-style metrics 318

Pseudonode priority 257

TLV use 345

Reachability information 301

ISPs 28, 102

Jitter, for timers 185

Juniper

JNBI 77

JUNOS

Activating configuration 68–69 Auto-completion 39

CLI 35, 56

Configuration examples see

Configuration examples, JUNOS Configuration mode 39

Example 37 see also Commands,

JUNOS Help 38 ISIS and 59

ISIS database see ISIS database

ISIS implementation 37, 63–65 Logging 22

Software 33 M-series 31 T640 159

JUNOS see Juniper

Kernel 23–26

Atomic-module 25

L1, L1L2, L2 see Levels

Label request object (LRO) 412 Label stacking 404

Labels, MPLS 402 LAN-ID 106, 173, 200 LANs

Scaling ISIS for 183–186 Synchronization on 208 Layer 2 MPLS (cell-based MPLS) 402–404 Layer 2 overlays 395–400

Layer 3 MPLS (Packet-based MPLS) 404–408

LDP 408, 417–418 And ISIS 427 And RSVP-TE 428–430 Length check, on TLVs 296–297 Levels, ISIS

Defined 85 L1 85–87, 112, 142, 144, 155, 240, 331 L1L2 85–87, 112, 115, 156, 159, 240, 331, 339

L2 85–87, 112, 143–144, 146, 155, 240, 331

Recommendations 493–494 Scaling 494–497

Link-state database 37, 94, 142, 160 And fragments 243

Example 250–253

Locking 258

Modeling 193

Size 186, 243

Synchronization 205

On LANs 208

On P2P 216–217

Periodic 218

With CSNP PDUs 211–213

Liveliness 135–138

Logging 22, 41

In IOS 53–54

In JUNOS 70–72

Logical interfaces 60

Login

IOS 42

JUNOS 57

Loopback interface 44–45, 99–100, 105, 339,

432, 477

And System-ID 490

LSAs (OSPF) 288–289

LSDB see Link-state database

LSP 109, 146–147, 191, 240

Entry TLV #9 211, 213, 236–237

Flooding 141–142, 164–168

Fragmentation 485–488

Generation interval 178

Purging 172–175

Expiration of 174

Revision control 146–150

Sequence numbers 147–148

Lifetimes 149

Periodic refreshes 149

Structure 152–153

Throttling 174–176

Transmit interval of 176

LSP-IDs 105–106, 143, 152, 154, 213

M-series 31

MAC address 80, 122, 196, 199, 317

Mask, network 97

Maximum length check, on TLVs 296–297

Maximum MTU 229, 244

Memory, use in ISIS 483

Mesh groups 168, 218

Messages, ISIS

Common header 110

Hello 109–110

LAN hello 111

P2P hello 114

Metrics 14, 193, 267, 294–295 301 Auto-bandwidth in ISIS 320 Auto-calculation of 319–320 And teaffic engineering 393 Interworking issues 327 ISIS example 250–253 New-style 318 Old-style 301–302, 304–205, 327 RIP 205–206

Static 320–322 Wide 304, 318 Only 408 Migration Area 90–92 Merging 92 Re-numbering 92 Splitting 92 Modes Operator 36 Configuration 36 MPLS 393 cell-based (Layer 2 MPLS) 402–404 For traffic engineering 402

Introduction to 402–408 Layer 2 (cell-based MPLS) 402–404 Layer 3 (packet-based MPLS) 404–408 Labels 402

packet-based (L3 MPLS) 404–408 Signaling 408

MTU 83, 214, 225–226 Check 116, 234 ISIS 230–232 Maximum 229, 244 Sizes 227

Multi-topologies Supported TLV #229 241,

379, 381–382 Multi-topology IP Reachability TLV #235 384

Multi-topology IS Reachability TLV #222 382

Neighbour 15

Discovery 109 Livliness 135 Route 270 NET 92–93, 103, 240 Configuring IOS 104 JUNOS 105

NET (cont'd)

Examples 104

Selector 101

Network

Analysis 455–456

Design 475

Mask 97

Recommendations 484

New-style metrics 318, 324–325, 327

Next-hop 14, 17, 98, 483

NLRI 285

NLPID 307, 376

NLSP 5

NLSRP 80

Node ID 191, 194, 200

Non-extensible routing protocol 283–285

NSEL 101

NSFNet 3

Meltdown 296

Null interface 44

NVRAM 35, 47

Objects, RSVP-TE 410

Old-style metrics 301–302, 304–205, 327

Old-style TLVs

IP reachability 304–305

IS reachability 301–302

Opaque LSAs 289

Operator mode 36–39

OS see router OS

OSI-RM 1, 52, 61, 76, 124, 223–225

OSPF 4

Areas 85, 89

AS numbers 104

DR 113

Extending 285–289

Hello message 286

Issues 87

LSA type field 288

Prefix distribution 329

Reference bandwidth 319

Routing leaking 88

Overlay network 395–397

Overload bit 154, 156–157, 159

Application 159–160

Fragments and 244

Setting 161–163

Use recommended 499

P2P 80, 218

Adjacency State TLV #240 128, 134 Authorization for 355

Hello message 114 Over LAN 196 Packet-based MPLS (L3 MPLS) 404–408 Padding TLV #8 116, 234–235

Partial SPF run 267–268 Partition repair 155 Path MTU discovery 229–230 PDU

CSNP 208 Length 115 PSNP 208 Penultimate router 408 Permanent interface 60 PFE 31–32, 61 Physical interface 60 PICs 32, 62 Policy routing 14 PRC 268 Pre-emption of DIS 200 Prefix

Distribution 329–331 Insertion 247, 276–278

IP address 97 Priority, DIS 199–200 Private addresses in ISIS 103–104 Privilege level 58

Prompt 36, 39, 63 Proteon 36 Protocols Supported TLV #129 307, 370–371, 376

Pseudonode 153, 183, 186–187, 301 And SPF calculation 254–256 Representation 188

Suppression of (P2P) 196 System-ID selection 191–193 PSNP 208, 218, 236–238 And authorization 365 Purging LSPs 172–175 Expiration of 174

QOS see COS

Reachability information 301

Recommendations Authentication 499–500 BGP for ISIS 485

Graceful restart 501

HMAC-MD5 499–500

Levels 493–494

Network design 484

Overload bit 499

Record-route object (RRO) 415

Restart Signaling TLV #211 390

Revision control, of LSPs 146–150

Sequence numbers 147–148

Lifetimes 149

Periodic refreshes 149

RIB-in 17

RIB-local 18, 30

RIB to FIB 19–21

RIP 205–206

RFC

1070 3

1191 229

1195 1, 292, 304, 309, 317, 329, 331, 337,

370, 375–376

1483 128

1518 97

1918 8, 45, 104

2205 408

2370 285, 289

2961 430

2966 329, 331, 334, 337

2973 168

3021 99

3036 417

3209 409

3359 317

3373 128–129

3784 326, 328

rollback 68

Route-maps 55

Route leaking, ISIS 87–90

Level 1 to Level 2 337

Level 2 to Level 1 331–334

Route reflector 162, 522

Route resolution 247, 273–276

Router

Access 36

Architecture 11, 16

Cisco 27–31

Configuration file 35, 47–50

Control plane 19, 21

Forwarding plane 18

Juniper Networks, Inc 31–33

Model 15

OS 24–26, 57 Technology example 26 Routes

Default 497–498 Export 312 IOS 74 JUNOS 75 Import 76 Routing 12 Engine 31–32, 61 Hierarchy 86–87 Loop 331 Policy 41, 55, 73, 76–77, 310, 312, 336,

471–472, 477–478 see also Route

leaking Protocols 281–283, 283–285 Sub-system 22

Tables 17 RP-FIB 18 RSP 27 RSVP 408–409 RSVP-TE 409

Sample network addresses 8

Sample network topology 7 Sanity check, TLV 295–296 SAR 399–400

Scaling BGP 479 LANs 183–186 Levels and 494–497 ISIS 475

With MPLS 404, 428 Scheduler 23–26 Atomic module 25 Self-synchronization 183–184

Shell see Commands

Shim header 404

Show commands see Commands

SNAP header 399

SNP 236 see also CSNP, PSNP

Software maturation 320–322 SONET/SDH 124–126 Source ID 115 Source routing 14, 393 SPF

Algorithm 248 And pseudonodes 254–256

SPF (cont'd)

Calculation 83, 94, 126, 144–145, 147,

156, 208, 241, 247

CPU load 264–265, 480–481

Defined 2

Diversity 257

Example 249–253

Incremental 270–272

Partial run 267–268

Runtime 266

Self-protection 259–261

Sorting 303–304

Start shell see Commands

Static LSPs 408

Static metrics 320–322

Stress 479

CPU and memory 483

Flooding 479

Forwarding state change 481

SPF 480

Sub-TLVs 281, 293–295

And traffic engineering 427

Minimum and maximum length 298

Overrun checking 297–298

Shading 8

Summaries

Adjacency 140

CLI 77–78

CSNP (and PSNPs) 222

Design recommendations 501–502

DIS 203–204

Extensions to ISIS 387, 391

Fragmentation 245

Future 524–525

ISIS basics 107–108

LSP basics 182

MPLS signaling 422

PSNP (and CSNPs) 222

Route leaking 344

Router architecture 33–34

SPF runs 279

TLVs 299

Traffic engineering 437

Troubleshooting 474

Switching 17, 28

VIP 29

Synchronization 205

LSPs 214

On LAN 208

On P2P 216 Self 183–184 System-ID 101–102, 112, 240, 301 And pseudnode 191–193 Duplicate 175

Loopback 490

Tables

Adjacency 28 CEF 27 Forwarding 17 RIB-IN 17 RIB-local (RIB) 18, 30 RIB to FIB 19–21 RP-FIB (FIB) 18, 30, 32 Routing 17

Tagging 339 Targeted hellos 430 Tcpdump listings Adjacency TLV 130 Authorization 352–253, 356, 370 BFD 138

BGP next-hop 273 Checksum 366, 370 CSNP 239

DIS election 200–201 DIS purge 201 DIS redundancy 203 External reachability TLV 293 Full TE extensions 488 Hello timer 136 Hostname 348 Ideal LSP 484–485

IP external TLV 310 IPv6 371, 373

IS neighbor TLV 123 Jitter (of timers) 185–186 JUNOS interface 73 Loopback/system-ID mapping 491 LSP 154–155, 236

LSP interval timer 178 MTU 232

Multi-topology 381–382 Multiple IP interface addresses 315 New-style metrics 324

Padding TLV 117, 118, 235 Protocols supported TLV 308–309 Pseudonode 190–191

Pseudonode suppression 196–197

PSNP 238

Graceful restart 390

RSVP-TE 410, 424, 426

TE sub-TLVs 435

TDP (Cisco) 418

TE Router ID TLV #134 427

TED 422, 428

Text authorization 351

Throttling LSPs 174–176

Timers

Adjusting 492

Drop dead 112, 136

Hello 136–137

Hold down 134

For SPF 258

Holding 112

Jitter for 185

TLV

Content pattern checking 298

Discrete length 298

Encoding 291, 293

For extensibility 281

Format 289–291

Lost of 292

Minimum-maximum length 297

Sanity checking 295–296

Shading 9

Sub-TLV 293–295 see also Sub-TLV

Type

Area Address #1 241

Authentication #10 211, 351

BGP Discovery #IANA 522

Buffer Size #14 244

Capability #242 524

Checksum #12 365, 368

Dynamic Hostname #137 347

Extended IP Reachability #135 318,

324–325

Extended IS Reachability #22 293, 318

IDRP Information #131 313–314

IP Authentication #133 317–318

IP External Reachability #130 309, 313

IP Interface Address #132 131, 298, 314

IP Internal Reachability #128 304

IPv6 Reachability #236 372

IS Alias #24 520

IS Neighbors #6 122, 134

IS Reachability #2 109, 186, 301–302

LSP Entry #9 211, 213, 236–237

Multi-topologies Supported #229 241,

379, 381–382 Multi-topology IP Reachability #235 384

Multi-topology IS Reachability #222 382

P2P Adjacency State #240 128, 134 Padding #8 116, 234

Protocols Supported #129 307, 370–371, 376

Restart Signaling #211 390

TE Router ID #134 427 Traceoptions 70, 132 ISIS flags 451 Traffic engineering 328, 393 Database (TED) 422, 428 DiffServ aware 435–436 Objects for 410 Overlays 394–396 With CSPF 422 With MPLS 402 With RSVP-TE 409–410 Transmit interval of LSPs 176 Troubleshooting 41

Case studies 460 Broken adjacency 460 Missing PP-OSICP 462 Non-matching area-ID 465 Non-matching authentication 466 Non-matching IP subnet 467 Non-matching level 464 CDP 50

Commands for 442 Debug isis (IOS) 53, 132, 232–233 Debug isis adj-packets (IOS) 449–450,

464, 468 Debug isis authentication (IOS) 467 Debug isis update-packets (IOS) 450 Monitor (JUNOS) 451, 456 Show clns interface (IOS) 443 Show clns neighbor (IOS) 47 Show interface (JUNOS) 463 Show interface pos 3/0 (IOS) 462 Show ip route (IOS) 445 Show isis adjacency (JUNOS) 446 Show isis database (IOS) 443 Show isis database (JUNOS) 446, 470–471, 473

Show isis interface (JUNOS) 445

Troubleshooting (cont'd)

Show isis spf log (JUNOS) 447

Show isis spf results (JUNOS)

448

Show isis spf-log (IOS) 444

Show isis topology (IOS) 444

Show log (JUNOS) 456, 464,

447

Show route (JUNOS) 448

Start shell (JUNOS) 457–458

Configuration (JUNOS) 69

ISIS 439, 441

Flow control 440

Tools for 441

MPLS 422

Network analyzer 455–456

System-IDs 105–106

UNIX 33, 36, 57

Un-numbered interface 100

Up/down bit 331

URLs Cisco documentation 56 Dijkstra 248

Ethereal 232 FreeBSD 57

VIP 29, 32

Virtual interfaces

In JUNOS 80 Loopback 44–45, 99–100, 105, 339, 432, 477

And SYS-ID 490 Null 45

VPN 404

Wander 242

Weight 145 Wide-metrics 304, 318 Only 408

Y2K 149