Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary - Part 107 potx

There are a number ofimportant traffic flow control, congestion management, and error-related concepts related to ATM, including those listed in the ATM Cell Rate Concepts chart shown on

Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary AppendixB

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Information asynchronous transfer modeATM ATM is a highly

significant protocol due to its flexibility and

wide-spread use for Internet connectivity.Itis a high-speed,

cell-based, connection-oriented, packet transmission

protocol for handling data with varying burst and bit

rates ATM evolved from standardization efforts by

the CCIIT (now the ITU-T) for broadband ISDN

(B-ISON) in the mid-1980s It was originally related to

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SOH) standards

ATM allows integration oflocal area network (LAN)

and wide area network (WAN) environments under

a single protocol, with reduced encapsulation It does

not require a specific physical transport, and thus can

be integrated with current physical networks It

pro-vides virtual connection (VC) switching and

multi-plexing for broadband ISDN, to enable the uniform

transmission of voice, data, video and other

multi-media communications

Two methods for carrying multiprotocol

connection-less traffic over ATM are routed and bridged

Proto-col Data Units (PDUs) Routed PDUs allow the

mul-tiplexing of multiple protocols over a single ATM

virtual circuit through LLC Encapsulation Bridged

PDUs carry out implicit higher-layer protocol

multi-plexing through virtual circuits (VCs)

ATM employs fixed-length cells consisting ofan

in-formation field and a header The inin-formation field

is transparent through the transmission The U.S and

Japan proposed the use of 64-byte cells, and Europe

proposed 32-byte cells As a consequence of the

dis-crepancy, 48-byte cells are favored by many as a

com-promise

Charts and simplified diagrams on the following

pages show an ATM system through user input and

reception of a variety of media, including voice,

video, and data The data are inserted and extracted

by the ATM adaptation layer (AAL) into a logical

package called a payload which makes up part ofthe ATM cell The ATM layer, inturn,adds or removes a five-byte header to this payload, and the physical layer converts the information into the appropriate format for transmission, which may extend over large areas and pass through other networks switches and routers The physical layer is comprised of two sub-layers, the physical medium (PM) sublayer and the transmission convergence (TC) sublayer See dic-tionary entries for Ethernet, frame relay, mPPI, TCPlIP ATMcellThe ATM cell is the basic unit ofinforma-tion transmitted through an ATM network.AnATM cell has a fIXed length of 53 bytes, consisting ofa 48-byte payload (the information being transmitted) and

a 5-byte header (addressing information) Interpre-tation ofthe signals from different types ofmedia into

a fixed length unit of data makes it possible to ac-commodate different types oftransmissions over one type of network

There are a number ofimportant traffic flow control, congestion management, and error-related concepts related to ATM, including those listed in the ATM Cell Rate Concepts chart shown on page 1038

ATM adaptation layerAAL In ATM, a set of

lTV-T-recommended, service-dependent layer types interface the user to the ATM layer The AAL is the top of three layers in the ATM protocol reference model Higher layer services are translated through one or more ATM cells AALO to AAL5 perform a variety ofconnection, synchronization, segmentation, and assembly functions for adapting different classes

of applications to ATM Within the AAL, informa-tion is mapped between the PDUs and ATM cells Upon creation of a virtual connection (VC), a spe-cific AAL is associated with that connection See the following diagrams for the relationships of the adaptation layers to the ATM format

ATM CeO Header and Payload Format

1< - Header ->I<Payload>1 + -+ -+ -+ -+ / +

I vcr Label 1 control I header checksum I option adaptation 1 payload I

3 bytes 1 1 byte I 1 byte I layer 4 bytes I 44 or 481 + -+ -+ -+ -+ / +

ATM Cell at the User Network Interface (UNI)

cell loss priority CLP

generic flow control GFC

1052

4

Cell loss priority of '1' is subject to discard, without violating agreed upon quality of service (QoS) If

CLP is '0,' resources are allocated

Point-to-point and point-to-multipoint The field appears at the user network interface

© 2003 by CRC Press LLC

Adaptation Layer

AALO

AALI

AAL2

AAL3/4

AAL5

AAL6

AppendixB

Description

A layer implementation intended to provide a direct connection between the user and the ATM It is limited in that it provides no service guarantee mechanisms It is recent and rarely used, except in proprietary, standalone systems Nevertheless, some standard commercial drivers supportAALO

A constant rate service level.Itis useful for time-sensitive applications such as voice, video, and circuit emulation

A variable rate service It is rarely used

A variable rate service It is the most comprehensive of the adaptation layers, and was originally specified as separate AAL3 and AAL4 for connectionless and connection com-munications

A variable rate service similar to AAL3/4 It is sometimes called SEAL for Simple and Efficient Adaptation Layer It is widely used, especially in TCP/IP implementations This

is a nonassured service, and retransmission must be accomplished by higher-level pro-tocols It specifies a packet with a maximum size of64K minus 1 octets

A recent addition, designed to accommodate demand for some of the recent multime-dia, high-bandwidth applications

•

For further information related to ATM adaptation layers, see RFC 1483, RFC 1577, RFC 1626

ATMmodels

Because ofthe great variety ofneeds in the networking community, many types and implementations ofATM networks have been developed Information on some of the more common and emerging models is shown in

the ATM Models chart For further details on specific models, see dictionary entries under ATM Transition

Model, Classical IP Model, Conventional Model, Integrated Model, Peer Model

ATM Cell Rate Concepts

At its heart, ATM is concerned with moving and directing traffic; cells must be directed (and sometimes even discarded) such that signals, priority levels, and data are effectively transmitted and balanced with respect to the needs at hand There is no single best way to 'tune' a network The settings will vary, depending upon the system, the time of day, the quantity and priority levels of users, and many more subtle factors that are not necessarily known in advance

Thus, there have been a number of basic cell rate concepts defined for system installers and administrators to assess and 'tweak' their systems for optimum information flow without loss Some of the more important concepts are summarized in the ATM Cell Rates chart

Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary

ATM Models and Test Systems of Interest Model over ATM Description

AppendixB

Classical IP A model for enabling compatible, interoperable implementations for transmitting IP

datagrams and ATM address Resolution Protocol (ATMARP) requests and replies over ATM adaptation layer 5 (AAL5) LLC/SNAP encapsulation of IP packets IP address resolution to ATM addresses via an ATMARP service within the LIS One IP subnet is used for many hosts and routers Each virtual connection (VC) directly connects two IP members within the same LIST TCPIIP applications See RFC 1577

IP Broadcast An IP multicast service in development by the IP over ATM Working Group for supporting

Internet Protocol (IP) broadcast transmissions as a special case of multicast See RFC 2022, RFC 2226

IP Multicast Internet Protocol (IP) multicasting over Multicast Logical IP Subnetwork (MLIS) using

ATM multicast routers A model developed to work over the Mbone, an emerging multicasting internetwork It is designed for compatibility with multicast routing protocols such as RFC 1112 and RFC 1075

LANE Local Area Network (LAN) Emulation Protocol-independent applications aid in the

transition from legacy internetworks to ATM

Native ATM API ATM-specific applications which take advantage of its quality of service (QoS)

capabilities

ATM over DS3 An experimental testbed network called XUNET II running at 45 Mbps to connect FODI

networks at eight sites across the continental U.S from coast to coast Internet Protocol routers at each site forward packets between connected local area networks (LANs) and long-distance DS3 links The production version transmits IP datagrams over a PVC mesh fabric, with a single virtual circuit (VC) between each pair of routers

Multicube An experimental approach to the implementation of IP Multicast over ATM proposed by

Schulzrinne et ale Multicube is a project to develop, test, and validate an ATM-based multipoint infrastructure for supporting CSCW applications The majority of the multicast applications of endusers involved in the project are Internet Protocol (IP) based

ATM Cell Rate Concepts Cell Factor

allowed cell rate

current cell rate

cutoff decrease factor

cell interarrival variation

generic cell rate algorithm

initial cell rate

minimum cell rate

peak cell rate

rate decrease factor

sustainable cell rate

unspecified bit rate

variable bit rate

1054

Description

ACR A traffic management parameter dynamically managed by congestion control mechanisms ACR varies between the minimum cell rate (MCR) and the peak cell rate (PCR)

CCR Aids in the calculation of ER and may not be changed by the network elements (NEs) CCR is set by the source to the available cell rate (ACR) when generating a forward RM-cell

CDF Controls the decrease in the allowed cell rate (ACR) associated with the cell rate margin (CRM)

CIV Changes in arrival times of cells nearing the receiver.Ifthe cells are carrying information that must be synchronized, as in constant bit rate (CBR) traffic, then latency and other delays that cause interarrival variation can interfere with the output GCRA Aconformance enforcing algorithm that evaluates arriving cells See leaky bucket

ICR Atraffic flow available bit rate (ABR) service parameter The ICR is the rate at which the source should be sending the data

MeR.Available bit rate(ABR)service traffic descriptor TheMeRis the transmission rate in cells per second at which the source may always send

PCR The PCR is the transmission rate in cells per second which may never be exceeded It characterizes the constant bit rate (CBR)

ROE An available bit rate (ABR) flow control service parameter that controls the decrease in the transmission rate of cells when it is needed See cell rate

SCR The upper measure of a computed average rate of cell transmission over time UBR.An unguaranteed service typeinwhich the network makes a best efforts attempt

to meet bandwidth requirements

VBR The type of irregular traffic generated by most non-voice media Guaranteed sufficient bandwidth and QoS

© 2003 by CRC Press LLC

International Telegraph Union (ITU-T)

Telecommunications Recommendations

Over the decades since its inception, the ITU has been developing international guidelines to promote patibility and interoperability ofcommunications systems, from the original telegraph to modem mobile com-munications systems

These guidelines are available as publications from the ITU-T for purchase over the Internet and many in the

A Series are downloadable without charge from the Web Since ITU-T specifications and recommendations are widely followed by vendors in the telecommunications industry, those wanting to maximize interoper-ability with other systems need to be aware of the information disseminated by the ITU-T The list below describes the general overall categories and specific series topics are listed under individual entries in this dictionary, e.g., B Series Recommendations Note that some series topics include only a few documents, while others, such as the G Series Recommendations, include many hundreds ofdocuments and thus some sections may be summarized, or described with examples Note also that the author has taken time to categorize many

of the documents, which can sometimes be difficult to locate in a numerical-only list, to aid the reader in finding the appropriate document and understanding the depth and breadth of the publications

lTV-T Recommendations

Categories Description

Series A Organization of the work of the lTD-T

Series B Means of expression: definitions, symbols, classification

Series C General telecommunications statistics

Series D General tariff priniciples

Series E Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation, and human factors

Series F Telecommunication services other than telephone

Series G Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks

Series H Audiovisual and multimedia systems

Series I Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN)

SeriesJ Transmission of sound program and other multimedia signals

Series K Protection against interference

Series L Construction, installation, and protection of cables and other elements of outside plant Series M TMN and network maintenance: international transmission systems, telephone circuits,

telegraphy, facsimile, and leased circuits

Series N Maintenance: international sound program and television transmission circuits

Series 0 Specifications of measuring equipment

Series P Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line networks

SeriesQ Switching and signaling

Series R Telgraph transmission

Series S Telegraph services terminal equipment

Series T Terminals for telematic services

Series U Telegraph switching

Series V Data communication over the telephone network

Series X Data networks and open system communication

Series Y Global information infrastructure and Internet protocol aspects

Series Z Programming languages

Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary

World Wide Web

Major Search Engines

AppendixD

AltaVista http://www.altavista.coml Extensive searching, advanced search parameters,

priority ranking First introduced by Digital Equipment in 1995

Ask Jeeves http://www.ask.coml Enables input of query sentences or phrases and

provides intelligent natural language parsing of the query to provide a targeted list of hits and

suggestions for related topics

clnet Search http://www.search.coml Perhaps best known for its large repository of

software updates, shareware, and public domain software, clnet also provides a Web search engine that displays a short list and enables users to look

at further selections, if desired

DejaNews http://www.dejanews.com! A huge archive of the posts to various USENET

newsgroups A remarkable record of public conversations online, searchable by keywords or author This has now been acquired by Google DogPile http://www.dogpile.coml Looking for a short, targeted list of hits? Try this

search engine It also includes category searches and stores

Excite http://www.excite.com/ General search, weather, stocks

Google http://www.google.coml Fast, extensive, with a lovely simple, uncluttered

interface Also includes Google News and lists USENET group postings as Google Groups (acquired from DejaNews)

i-Explorer http://www.i-explorer.com! Search in popular, general interest categories InfoSeek http://guide.infoseek.com! Web pages, newsgroups, and individuals

InfoSpace http://www.infospace.com/ Personal and business listings, maps, etc

Inktomi http://inktomLberkeley.edu/ Fast distributed searchable database from the

University of California at Berkeley

LinkStar http://www.linkstar.coml Business directory search

Lycos http://www.lycos.coml General searching, maps, and personal names from

Carnegie Mellon University

Magellan http://www.mckinley.com/ Sites reviewed and rated by the McKinley Group,

Inc

Sleuth http://www.isleuth.com/ The Internet Sleuth searches over 3,000 Internet

databases Selections can be found through general categories (This may now be defunct.)

Starting Point http://www.stpt.coml Searches the Web and other Internet resources

(selectable), includes advanced search capabilities Switchboard http://www.switchboard.coml Personal and business listings of names, addresses,

and email addresses

Webcrawler http://www.webcrawler.coml Quick, to-the-point listings

Yahoo http://www.yahoo.com! Anextensive service that includes a search engine

and hundreds of topics organized under categories

of interest

For further information from the publisher: http://www.crcpress.coml

For further information from the author: http://www.4-sightmedia.coml

1056

© 2003 by CRC Press LLC

Internet Domain Name Extensions

North America and Generic International

.us United States U.S., not commonly used

.um United States Outlying islands

.gov U.S government Local, state, and federal government agencies

.mil U.S military Military agencies, bases

.arpa ARPANET Advanced Projects Research Agency

.ca Canada

.tnX United Mexican States

.int international

.com commercial General business, services, suppliers

.biz business Retail business, malls, electronic storefronts

.pro professional Doctors, lawyers, consultants, home care nurses, realtors, vets, carpenters info information Noninstitutional educational, informational

.net network Net related

.org organization Nonprofit, not-for-profit, charitable

.edu education Schools, colleges, universities, other educational facilities

.museum museums Public and private repositories in many disciplines

.aero aeronautics Airlines, aeronautical suppliers, contractors

Central and South America

.gs So Georgia, So .is Iceland ag Antigua, Barbuda Sandwich Islands it Italian Republic ar Argentine Republic pm St Pierre, Miquelon je Jersey

.bm Bermuda United Kingdom, Europe .It Lithuania

.cr Costa Rica .uk United Kingdom md Moldova

.do Dominican Republic .ad Andorra no Norway

.ec Ecuador

.at Austria .pt Portuguese Republic sw EI Salvador

.tf French Southern .ba Bosnia, Herzegovina si Slovenia

.gt Guatemala cz Czech Republic ua Ukraine

.gf Guyana (French) .ee Estonia yu Yugoslavia

.hn Honduras .fi Finland

.jm Jamaica .de Federal Republic of bh Bahrain

.ms Montserrat

.ni Nicaragua

.pa Panama

.de Germany .jo Hashemite Kingdom

.Im St Kitts, Nevas .gl Greenland (Denmark) sa Saudi Arabia

.vc St Vincent, Grenadines hu Hungary .ae United Arab Emirates

Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary Appendix E

Internet Domain Name Extensions, cont.

Eastern Europe, Middle Asia ci Ivory Coast to Tonga

.af Afghanistan .Is Lesotho

.bg Bulgaria mr Mauritania ck Cook Islands

.kg Kirgistan .ma Morocco .mh Marshall Islands

.ru Russian Federation .sn Senegal .ph Philippines

.rw Rwanda .sc Seychelles .pn Pitcairn Islands

.sk Slovakia .sl Sierra Leone .pf Polynesia (French)

.tj Tadzhikistan .za South Africa .sb Solomon Islands tm Turkmenistan .sh S1 Helena .lk Tokelau

.uz Uzbekistan .sz Swaziland .wf Wallace, Futuna Islands

Mediterranean, Caribbean tz Tanzania

Antarctica

.an Antilles (Netherlands) .tn Tunisia

.cy Cypress eh Western Sahara

.Ic Saint Lucia zm Zambia ag Antigua and Barbuda

.bw Botswana io British Indian Ocean .dm Dominica

.bv Bouvet Island Territories

.do Dominican Republic bf Burkina Faso in India

.gd Grenada bi ' Burundi bt Bhutan

.cm Cameroon kh Cambodia .gp Guadeloupe (French)

.cf Central African (Xianggang) jm Jamaica

.td Chad kp Korea (North) pr Puerto Rico (U.S.) Ian Comoros kr Korea (South) .Ic Saint Lucia

.cg Congo Republic rno Macau

.ci Cote d'Ivoire my Malaysia .tt Trinidad and Tobago dj Djibouti mn Mongolia .vg Virgin Islands (British) eg Egypt, Arab Republic of np Nepal

.vi Virgin Islands (U.S.) gq Equatorial Guinea pk Pakistan

.er Eritrea cn People's Republic of Miscellaneous

.gm Gambia kr South Korea .nt Neutral Zone

.gw Guinea Bissau th Thailand

I

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© 2003 by CRC Press LLC

Appendix F

Request for Comments (RFC) Documents

Request for Comments (RFC) documents are an essential resource for understanding the implementation, structure, fonnat, and evolution of the Internet There are over 3,000 of these documents and, unfortunately, not sufficient space here to list abstracts or even the titles of all the RFCs Nevertheless, the following quick lookup summarizes some of the most important general concepts and some of the RFCs with greater rel-evance to fiber optic technologies

The reader is encouraged to consult the many excellent RFC repositories on the Internet archived in various formats including ASCll, editable PostScript, Adobe PDF, and HTML The RFCs themselves include refer-ences to related documents of interest

In addition to www.w3c.org, (for Web info) and www.rfc.net, some good Net archives of interest include

http://www.armware.dkIRFC Searchable, nicely formatted, forward and

backward references http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/ Searchable and shows authors, dates, and

references in search results http://www.nexor.comJindex-rfc.htm Searchable from a selection of archives, includes

Perl 5 expressions and Title/Author/Keyword searching

http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/cs/Services/rfc/index.html Categorizations and lists and links to RFCs of

particular interest

General

RFC 1358

RFC 1594

RFC 1709

RFC 1796

RFC 1920

RFC 1925

RFC 1935

RFC 1941

RFC 1958

RFC 1983

RFC 1999

RFC 2000

RFC 2014

RFC 2026

RFC 2028

RFC 2031

RFC 2125

RFC 2223

RFC 2360

RFC 2799

RFC 2900

RFC 3000

RFC 3160

RFC 3272

IP General

Charter of the Internet Architecture Board (lAB), August 1992

Answers to Commonly Asked "New Internet User" Questions, March 1994

K-12 Internetworking Guidelines, November 1994

Not all RFCs are Standards, April 1995

INTERNET OFFICIAL PROTOCOL STANDARDS, March 1996

The Twelve Networking Truths, 1 April 1996

What is the Internet, Anyway?, April 1996

Frequently Asked Questions for Schools, May 1996

Architectural Principles of the Internet, June 1996

Internet User's Glossary, August 1996

Request for Comments Summary RFC Numbers 1900-1999,

INTERNET OFFICIAL PROTOCOL STANDARDS, January 1997

IRTF Research Group Guidelines and Procedures, October 1996

The Internet Standards Process - Revision 3, October 1996

The Organizations Involved in the IETF Standards Process, October 1996

IETF-ISOC Relationship, October 1996

A Primer on Internet and TCP/IP Tools and Utilities, March 1997

Instructions to RFC Authors, October 1997

Guide for Internet Standards Writers, June 1998

Request for Comments Summary RFC Numbers 2700-2799, September 2000

Internet Official Protocol Standards, August 2001 Obsoletes 2800

INTERNET OFFICIAL PROTOCOL STANDARDS, November 2001

The Tao of IETF - A Novice's Guide to the Internet Engineering Task Force, August 2001 Overview and Principles of Internet Traffic Engineering, May 2002

RFC 1919 Classical versus Transparent IP Proxies

RFC 1932 IP over ATM: A Framework Document

RFC 1954 Transmission of Flow Labeled IPv4 on ATM Data Links Ipsilon Version 1.0

RFC 2002 IP Mobility Support

RFC 2764 A Framework for IP-Based Virtual Private Networks

RFC 3168 The Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP

Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary

IPv6 (IPNG)

AppendixF

RFC 1902 Structure of Management Information for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management

Protocol

RFC 1903 Textual Conventions for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol

RFC 1904 Conformance Statements for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol

RFC 1905 Protocol Operations for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol

RFC 1906 Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol

RFC 1907 Management Information Base for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol RFC 1924 A Compact Representation of IPv6 Addresses

RFC 1933 Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers

RFC 1955 New Scheme for Internet Routing and Addressing (ENCAPS) for IPNG

RFC 1970 Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6)

RFC 1971 IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration

RFC 1972 A Method for the Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet Networks

RFC 1981 Path MTU Discovery for IP version 6SNMPv2

ppp

RFC 1172 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) initial configuration options

RFC 1332 The PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP)

RFC 1334 PPP Authentication Protocols

RFC 1661 The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

RFC 1841 PPP Network Control Protocol for LAN Extension

RFC 1877 PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol Extensions for Name Server Addresses

RFC 1915 Variance for The PPP Connection Control Protocol and The PPP Encryption Control Protocol RFC 1962 The PPP Compression Control Protocol (CCP)

RFC 1963 PPP Serial Data Transport Protocol (SDTP)

RFC 1967 PPP LZS-DCP Compression Protocol (LZS-DCP)

RFC 1968 The PPP Encryption Control Protocol (ECP)

RFC 1969 The PPP DES Encryption Protocol (DESE)

RFC 1973 PPP in Frame Relay

RFC 1975 PPP Magnalink Variable Resource Compression

RFC 1976 PPP for Data Compression in Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment (DCE)

RFC 1979 PPP Deflate Protocol

RFC 1989 PPP Link Quality Monitoring

RFC 1990 The PPP Multilink Protocol [Obsoletes RFC 1717]

RFC 1993 PPP Gandalf FZA Compression Protocol

RFC 1994 PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)

RFC 2363 PPP over FUNI

RFC 2364 PPP over AAL5

RFC 2716 PPPEAPTLS Authentication Protocol

RFC 2823 PPP over Simple Data Link (SDL) Using SONET/SDH with ATM-Like Framing

RFC 2878 PPP Bridging Control Protocol (BCP)

ATM

RFC 1483 Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5

RFC 1680 IPng Support for ATM Services

RFC 1755 ATM Signaling Support for IP over ATM

RFC 1932 IP over ATM: A Framework Document

RFC 1946 Native ATM Support for ST2+

RFC 2022 Support for Multicast over UNI 3.0/3 I-based ATM Networks

RFC 2098 Toshiba's Router Architecture Extensions for ATM: Overview

RFC 2225 Classical IP and ARP over ATM

RFC 2226 IP Broadcast over ATM Networks

RFC 2331 ATM Signaling Support for IP over ATM - UNI Signaling 4.0 Update

1060

© 2003 by CRC Press LLC

AppendixF ATM, cant

RFC 2364 PPP over AAL5

RFC 2379 RSVP over ATM Implementation Guidelines

RFC 2380 RSVP over ATM Implementation Requirements

RFC 2492 1Pv6 over ATM Networks

RFC 2512 Accounting Infonnation for ATM Networks

RFC 2514 Definitions of Textual Conventions and OBJECT-IDENTITIES for ATM Management RFC 2515 Definitions of Managed Objects for ATM Management

RFC 2684 Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5

RFC 2761 Terminology for ATM Benchmarking

RFC 2844 OSPF over ATM and Proxy-PAR

RFCs Related to Optical Networking

RFC 1044 Internet Protocol on Network Systems HYPERchannel Protocol Specification, February

1988

RFC 1077 Critical IssuesinHigh Bandwidth Networking, November 1988

RFC 1152 Workshop Report Internet Research Steering Group Workshop on Very-High-Speed

Networks, April 1990

RFC 1259 Building the Open Road: The NREN as Test-Bed for the National Public Network, September

1991

RFC 1323 A set of TCP extensions that help extend TCP into speeds that are characteristic of fiber optic

networks, May 1992 Obsoletes RFC 1072 and RFC 1185

RFC 1368 Definitions of Managed Objects for IEEE 802.3 Repeater Devices, October 1992

RFC 1374 IP and ARP on HIPPI, October 1992

RFC 1455 Physical Link Security Type of Service, May 1993

RFC 1595 Definitions of Managed Objects for theSONET/SDHInterface Type, March 1994

RFC 1619 PPP overSONET/SDH,May 1994

RFC 1686 IPng Requirements: A Cable Television Industry Viewpoint, August 1994

RFC 2067 IF over HIPPI, January 1997

RFC 2171 MAPOS - Multiple Access Protocol overSONET/SDHVersion 1, June 1997

RFC 2558 Definitions of Managed Objects for theSONET/SDHInterface Type, March 1999

RFC 2615 PPP overSONET/SDH,June 1999

RFC 2625 IP and ARP over Fibre Channel, June 1999

RFC 2816 A Framework for Integrated Services Over Shared and Switched IEEE 802 LAN

Technologies, May 2000

RFC 2823 PPP over Simple Data LInk (SDL) UsingSONET/SDHwith ATM-Like Framing, May 2000 RFC 2834 ARP and IF Broadcast over HIPPI-800, May 2000

RFC 2837 Definitions of Managed Objects for the Fabric Element in Fibre Channel Standard, May

2000

RFC 2892 The Cisco SRP MAC Layer Protocol, August 2000

RFC 3186 MAPOSIPPP Tunneling Mode, December 2001

RFC 3255 Extending Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) over Synchronous Optical NETwork/Synchronous

Digital Hierarchy(SONET/SDH)with Virtual Concatenation, High Order and Low Order Payloads, April 2002

RFC 3347 Small Computer Systems Interface Protocol over the Internet (iSCSI) Requirements and

Design Considerations, July 2002

Frame Relay

RFC 1586 Guidelines for Running OSPF over Frame Relay Networks

RFC 1973 PPP in Frame Relay

RFC 2115 Management Information Base for Frame Relay DTEs Using SMIv2

RFC 2427 Multiprotocol Interconnect over Frame Relay

RFC 2590 Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Frame Relay Networks Specification

RFC 2954 Definitions of Managed Objects for Frame Relay Service

RFC 3034 Use of Label Switching on Frame Relay Networks Specification