Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary - Part 31 potx

E.lOO Definitions oftenns usedininternational telephone operation E.l06 Description ofanintemiltional emergency preference scheme IEPS E.128 Leaflet to bedistributed to foreign visitors

Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary

field coil, or coils, rather than a permanent magnet

A dynamometer functions through a rotating coil

con-trolled by the interaction between the magnetic fields

of a moving coil and field coil(s) It can be used in

conjunction with both direct current (DC) and

alter-nating current (AC) See D'Arsonval galvanometer

dynodeIn a photomultiplier tube, a component that

enables the amplification ofa signal through

second-aryemission by the stimulation of the release of

ad-ditional electrons when it is struck by the

photoconverted electron(s) It is made of reflective

materials that will give up electrons and may be

coated to improve its properties Fabrication

materi-als include BeCu (beryllium copper) and CsSb

(ce-sium antimony)

A chain of several dynodes is placed in the path of

the electrons emitted by a photocathode as they travel

towards the anode in an evacuated electron tube

Typically about 10 or 12 dynodes are staggered in

pairs at appropriate reflecting angles so that the

elec-tron path passes directly from one to the next in the path

The potential of each dynode is set relative to the

potential ofthe next dynode in the chain, as each step

has a multiplying effect on the energy as a whole

(gain).Aselectrons strike the reflective material of

the dynode, kinetic energy is transferred to the

sec-ondary electrons The kinetic energy is determined

by the voltage level of each dynode, with a

relation-ship between the kinetic energy and the number of

secondary electrons Higher voltages (within

operat-ing ranges) result in higher numbers of secondary

electrons, with a cumulative effect as the number of

dynodes in the chain increases Some tubes are

suit-able for use with a photomultiplier tube base that

aug-ments the capabilities of the tube and may provide

external voltage stabilization capabilities for the last

dynodes in the chain and adjustment control for

in-dividual dynodes (e.g., the focus dynode) Linear

output from a connecting dynode (e.g., the 9th of 12

or 10th of 10 dynodes) may be processed through a

scintillation component

Thus, the effect of even a single photon can be

stud-ied with photomultiplier tubes, a capability that is

especially useful in particle physics and low light in-puts See photomultiplier for further information and

a diagram See photomultiplier, scintillator

Dyson, George(1953- )AnAmerican kayak enthu-siast and technology historian, Dyson is the author

of Danvin Among the Machines: The Evolution of Global Intelligence,aprovocative book about the ori-gins of computers and networking, and philosophi-cal speculations about intercommunication and emerging digital intelligences

In 2001, Dyson authored Orion, a book that reveals

remarkable preliminary steps to travel to Mars that were carried out in secret by the u.S government in the 1960s and later shut down

Network Digital Intelligences

Dysonsphilosophic/historic treatment ofthe emer-gence ofintelliemer-gence in global distributed digital net-works is even more applicable now than when it was released As fiber optic networks with high-speed, high-bandwidth capabilities become more widely in-stalled, the concept of the social and physical inte-gration ofnetworking increases in Significance.

charges are designated +e and electron-associated

charges are designated -e See coulomb 2 symb

en-ergy as in e=md 3 symb - natural logarithm with

a value of about 2.71828 See logarithm 4 symb.

voltage, though V is commonly used See volt

E 1 See E notation 2 symb See exa-.

E&Msignaling Asignaling method communicated

over two leads or wires, each one labeled E (ear) and

M (mouth), one in each direction Each lead may be

grounded, open, or have signaling voltage applied

If station 1 wants to call station 2 (assuming 2 is

onhook and not busy), voltage is applied to the M lead

to provide a supervisory signal indicating a call, and

the associated E lead at station 2 will be grounded

See A&B bit signaling

E&M Signaling Examples

IDLE

BUSY -!-E MI'

Two simple examples help illustrate E&M

Signal-ing. If the circuits at both locations (1 and 2) are idle,

M will be grounded and E open (in both directions). If

both circuits are busy, voltage is applied at M to

sig-nal the busy condition and E will be grounded.

EBlock A Federal Communications Commission

(FCC) designation for a Personal Communications

Services (peS) license granted to a telephone

com-pany serving a Major Trading Area (MTA) It grants

permission to operate at certain FCC-specified

fre-quencies SeeABlock for a chart offrequencies from

A to F Block

so that Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) deployed over AMPS interface with external networks See A interface, I interface

Enotation Scientific notation for representing a large value For expressing large values or entering them into a computer,Eorerepresents numbers as pow-ers of base 10, which is useful if the times symbol could be mistaken for the letter''x''or when space is limited (e.g., on calculators) For example, 1,560,000,000 may be more succinctly written as a coefficient with a value 2::1 and <10 times a power of ten, yielding 1.56 x 109

or 1.56E+9

Eregion Aportion of the Earth's ionosphere, above the troposphere, that ranges from about 100 kilome-ters to about 130 kilomekilome-ters above the surface of the Earth This is also known as the Heaviside layer, or the Kennelly-Heaviside layer, and is used for deflec-tion ofshort wave radio signals See Kennelly-Heavi-side layer See ionospheric subregions for a chart

ESeries Recommendations A series oflTU- T-rec-ommended guidelines for overall network operation, telephone services, service operations, and human factors These guidelines are available as publications from thelTU-T for purchase over the Net Since

ITU-T specifications and recommendations are widely folowed by vendors in the telecommunications indus-try, those wanting to maximize interoperability with other systems need to be aware ofthe infonnation dis-seminated by thelTU-T A full list ofgeneral catego-ries is listed in the Appendix, and specific secatego-ries top-ics are listed under individual entries in this dictio-nary, e.g., D Series Recommendations

El, E-l, CEPTI See E-carrier

E-911 service Enhanced 911 service A 911 emer-gency service with extra features, such as automatic number identification (ANI - the caller's phone num-ber), the calling address (ALI - automatic location information), and selective routing (SR) Many emer-gency service personnel consider these 'essential' rather than' enhanced' services, and the Federal Com-munications Commission (FCC) has been encour-aged to support and adopt E-911 in its rule-making decisions.In1999, the FCC issued a Report and Or-der requiring that all mobile phones capable ofanalog operation incorporate a special feature for reliably

Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary

processing 911 emergency calls Manufacturers were

given until February 2000 to comply with the ruling

See 911 calling

E-bandA spectrum allocation for wireless PCS in

certain regions such as Latin America (e.g., Brazil)

E-band, opticalIn optical communications, an

ITU-specified transmission band in the 1280 - 1625-nm

range

The E-band spectrum has only recently become

com-mercially viable, as fiber technology evolves

Ven-dors have begun releasing systems for incorporating

E-band capabilities into coarse wavelength division

multiplexing (CWDM) fiber optic systems carrying

other wavelengths, thus increasing capacity

Suppli-ers of testing equipment for optical networks began

releasing test equipment for portions of the E-band

spectrum in early 2001 Nonzero-dispersion-shifted

fibers tend to be used in these systems, a fiber type

also suitable for C-band and L-band applications See

C-band, L-band

E-carrier, European-carrierThe European

ITU-T-specified analog to the T1 high-speed

communica-tions system used in North America They are the

same in many general aspects, but they differ as to

the overall hierarchy and details, such as speed of

transmissions, number of channels, and the lack of

bit-robbing Since bit-robbing is not used for

signal-ing purposes, a full 64 Kbps is possible (as opposed

to the 56 Kbps in bit-robbed systems with similar

characteristics) The analog to the superframe on

T-carrier systems is the multiframe (16 frames) on

E-carrier systems

E1 transmits at 2.048 Mbps (compared to Tl 1.544

Mbps) using time division multiplexing (TDM) and

pulse code modulation (PCM) simultaneously on up

to 30 64-Kbps digital channels Two additional

chan-nels are used for signaling and framing See

J-car-rier, T-carrier

e-commerce, ecommerceelectronic commerce

Many forms of electronic commerce have evolved

over the last twenty years Banks have been using

computers longer than most businesses, and ATMs

have been common since the early 1980s But

e-com-merce capabilities have grown over the Internet, and

now the tenn has a broader meaning for any type of

electronically facilitated or direct electronic

transac-tion carried out over a private or public network, in

addition to traditional ATM-based electronic

trans-actions

E-commerce Experts GroupECOMEG A

techni-cal working group of theWAPForum that

commu-nicates commerce-related information to other

groups Since security is an important aspect

ofelec-tronic commerce, ECOMEG provides the WAP

Se-curity Group (WSG) with the requirements for

secu-rity features that are important to financial

institu-tions, merchants, service providers, and others See

WAPForum

E-IDE Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics.An

enhanced computer peripheral connection format,

descended from IDE IDE hard drive controllers are

very common on Intel-based desktop computers

Enhanced IDE has a greater storage capacity than IDE and faster data transfer rates See IDE

E-Privacy Act The Encryption Protects the Rights

of Individuals from Violation and Abuse in Cyber-space Act was introduced in May 1998 by Senators Ashcroft, Leahy, and Bums to promote privacy asit relates to the electronic age The bill supports the widespread availability ofstrong encryption without back doors and protects the privacy ofsensitive, con-fidential information such as health information and financial documents The bill sought to support glo-bal competitiveness and to support the efforts of law enforcement agents through establishment of a Na-tional Electronic Technology Center (NET Center) See Encryption for the National Interest Act, Secu-rity and Freedom through Encryption Act

E-TDMASee extended time division multiple access and time division multiple access

e-zineelectronic magazine.Anelectronic publica-tion, usually provided over public networks, which retains many of the format, editorial features, and characteristics of a print magazine

EAEqual Access Amoral and regulatory stipulation that all persons have equal access to telecommuni-cations services

EACSee European Astronaut Centre

EACA See European Association of Communica-tions Agencies

EACEMSee European Association of Consumer Electronics Manufacturers

EADP See European Association of Directory and Database Publishers

EAGLEExtended Area Global Positioning System (GPS) Location Enhancement EAGLE is a commer-cial GPS system implemented by Differential Cor-rections Inc (DCI) to provide services in North America EAGLE employs a network of reference nodes or stations and a central processing hub to pro-vide more precise GPS location information than is provided by an unenhanced GPS system functioning

on civilian frequencies EAGLE employs separate error estimates to generate local area corrections and frequency modulated (FM) subcarrier broadcasts to provide correction information to users

Current EAGLE nodes are widely installed across North America, from Seattle and San Diego to Hali-fax and Miami, and link with Frame Relay networks The frame relay system is used for the transmission

of data to two network hubs which create separate estimates for the position and clock errors of each of the satellites being used.Agrid of ionospheric cor-rections is also used The composite corcor-rections are then transmitted to all the FM stations in the network through a geostationary satellite sending to small dish antennas at the receiving facilities The vector cor-rections are converted into local corcor-rections to pro-duce scalar corrections for each satellite The result-ing data stream is broadcast to the mobile user through a frequency modulated (FM) subcatrler

EAMSee electroabsorption modulator

EANTeSee European Advanced Networking Test Center

munications satellite, claimed to be the first

commer-cial satellite, launched from Cape Canaveral in April

1965 to orbit over the Atlantic Ocean By the end of

the year, Early Bird was already providing more than

100 telephone circuit relays and dozens of hours of

television programming The INTELSAT projects

evolved from the Early Bird system See INTELSAT

Early Packet DiscardEPD In ATM networking, a

traffic flow control service guarantee technique used

in situations where congestion occurs on ATM

net-works, usually in unspecified bit rate (UBR) services

Cells early in the packet set are discarded, perhaps

right down to the final cell, which is not discarded,

as it is needed as a signal for the receiving station that

it is the end of the packet set See cell rate

early token releaseIn a token-passing network, as a

Token-Ring network, a means by which a station

sends out a token without frrst checking to see if the

receiving system has acknowledged the transmission

This can increase the efficiency of transmissions

around the ring in some situations, as normally the

system only sends one token at a time in one

direc-tion See Token-Ring network

EARNSee European Academic and Research

Net-work

EARPSee Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol

EARSeLSee European Association ofRemote

Sens-ing Laboratories

Earth groundingGrounding an electrical circuit by

placing a lead into the Earth It works best when it is

inserted a few feet into damp soil Earth grounding

was historically placed near outhouses, where the soil

was usually damp and soft (before inside plumbing

became prevalent) See ground

Earth Observing System, Earth Observation

Sat-elliteEOS A central project of NASA's Earth

Sci-ence Enterprise (ESE) consisting of scientific

re-search and data supporting a series of coordinated

polar-orbiting and low-inclination satellites designed

for long-tenn global observations and

experimenta-tion See ASTER http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Earth Resources Technology SatelliteERTS-I The

historic first Earth remote-sensing satellite launched

in 1968 from an Air Force base located in

Califor-nia It was equipped with the controversial, but

ulti-mately successful, Hughes Aircraft scanner This

pro-gram developed into the Landsat series in 1975, and

two very similar satellites were launched in 1975 and

1978 See Landsat, scanner

Earth stationThe portion ofstructures and

transmis-sion equipment associated with a satellite that are

sta-tioned on the Earth They may include facilities,

an-tennas, orientation systems, transceivers, etc., in a

building or on a mobile unit

earthingSee Earth grounding, ground

EAS 1 Earth and atmospheric sciences 2 Eastern

Analytical Symposium, Inc http://www.eas.org/

3 electronic acquisition system 4 electronic articles

surveillance 5 See Emergency Alert System 6

en-gineering and applied sciences 7 See Enterprise

Application Server 8 See European Astronomical

Extended Area Service

EASISee ETSI ATM Services Interoperability

Eastern and Associated Telegraph CompanyAn early submarine telegraph cable company, established

as a merger of a number of smaller companies into the Eastern Telegraph Company, in 1872 Through a further amalgamation ofglobal telegraph companies,

it had become the largest by 1900 and served many major cable chains in Africa, India, and Australia In

=ti~~~!~;~~:r~:!~i:~::::::ri::'.

Agreement (1996) 2 See European Broadcasting Area 4 See eventual Byzantine agreement

EBCDIC (pron. eb-si-dik) Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange Code A family of 8-bit (256-character) encodings adapted by International Busi-ness Machines(ffiM)from punch card codes, in pref-erence to ASCII which is more widely used by the rest of the computing community See American Standard Code for Information Interchange

EboneThe leading European network backbone serving more than 60 networks in more than 20 coun-tries, providing connections to major world networks and to the Internet The Ebone connects directly to NortbAmerican networks through the Ebone's trans-Atlantic fiber cable

The Ebone initiative was launched as a not-for-profit organization financed independently of government funding and formally founded in 1991 The ISPs set-ting up the early Ebone formed the Ebone Holding Association In 1993, Hermes Europe Railtel was founded, creating an independent European fiber-optic network The two companies were subsequently combined as the Ebone under Global TeleSystems (GTS) In July 1999, GTS announced the acquisition

of the remaining 25% of Ebone not already owned

by GTS The operating headquarters are located in London

In April 2001, Global Knowledge, a major IT train-ing company for professionals implementtrain-ing and managing complex network systems, announced Ebone as their choice for providing European inter-net training services The system combines interna-tional private leased circuits (IPLCs), IP-based vir-tual private networks (vpNs), and hostedIPservices See backbone, EUnet, Mbone

EBS 1 electronic broadcast service/system 2 See Emergency Broadcast System

EBUSee European Broadcasting Union

EBU Broadcast Wave Format, EBU BWF.An ob-ject-oriented audio file format developed by the Eu-ropean Broadcasting Union to facilitate interoper-ability among differing computer platforms The EBU BWF defines the minimum necessary informa-tion required for audio broadcast applicainforma-tions In

2000, the EBU included a provision for BWF files

to include a SMPTE UMID and version 1ofthe BWF specification was released Technical descriptions are available through the EBU in Adobe PDF format See European Broadcasting Union

Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary

ITU·T ESeriesReeommendatioDs

Definitions and Basic Descriptions

E.lOO Definitions oftenns usedininternational

telephone operation

E.l06 Description ofanintemiltional

emergency preference scheme (IEPS)

E.128 Leaflet to bedistributed to foreign

visitors

E.123 Notation for national and international

telephone numbers

International Services

E.I05 International telephone service

E.104 International telephone directory

assistance service and public access

E.I09 Intemational·billed number screening

procedures fOfcollect and third-party

calling

E.IlO Organizationofthe international

telephoJl~network

E.lll Extension of international telephone

services

E.112 Arrangements tobe made for controlling

tbetelqlhone~e;rvic~betw~en two

countries

E.113 Validation prol;edures for.the

international telecommunications charge

cardservice

E.116 International telecommunication charge

cardservice

E.118 TheintemationaltelecoDIm.unication

charge card

E.120 Instructions folusersoftbeinternational

telephone service

E.122 Measures to reduce customer difficulties

inthe intematioJ.ud telephone service

E.124 Discouragementoffrivolous

international callingtounassigned or

vacant!lumbe~answeredbyrecorded

announcementswitbout charge

E.125 Inquiries among users ofthe

internationaltelephone service

E.ISO Public~tion of~"listofintemational

telephone routes"

E.152 International freephone service

E.lS3 Home country (iirect

E.I54 International shared cost service

E.I SS International premium rate service

E.163 Numberingpl~forthe international

telephone service

E.171 International telephone routing plan

E.17S Models for intemational network

planning

E.l90 Principlesandresponsibilities for the management, ilssignment and reclamation ofE-seriesintemational numbering resources

E.191.1 Criteria and procedures forthe allocation ofthe.lTU T il1temationalnetwork designator addresses

E.195 lTD·Tinternational numbering resource administration

E.401 Statistics for the intemational telephone service (number of circuitsinoperation and volllIlle oftraffic)

International Network Management E.410 Intemational network management -general infonnation

E.411 International network management -operationalgtridance

E.413 International network management -planning

E.414 Internationalnetwork management -organization

E.4l5 International network management guidance for common channel Signaling SystemNo.7

Supplementary Services E.130 Choice ofthe most useful and desirable supplementary telephone services E.131 Subscriber control procedures for supplementary telephone services E.132 Standardization of elements of control procedmes for sp.pplementary telephone services

E.IS1 Telephone conference calls Operator&Directory Assistance Services E.104 International telephone directory assistanqe service and public access

E.121 Pictograms, symbols, and icons to assist users ofthetel~honeselVice

E.127 Pagesin thetelephonedirectory intendedforfor~ignvisitors

E.IIS Computerized directory assistance

E.114 Supply oflists of subscribers (directories andother means)

E.126 Harmonization of the general information pages of the telephone directories published by administrations E.140 Operator-assisted telephone service E.141 Instructionsfor operators on the operator-assisted internationaltelephone service

E.160 Definitions ·relating to··national and

internatio~aln~bering plans

E.163 Numbering plan forthe international

telephone service

E.I64 The international public

telecommunication numbering plan

E.I66 Numbering planinterworking for the

E.l64 and X.121 numbering plans

E.168 ApplicationofE.l64 numbering plan for

UPT

E.169 Application of RecommendationE.l64

numbering plan for universal

internatiop~lfreephone numbers for

international freephone service

E.169.2 Applicati()n of RecommendationB.164

nUlllberingplanfor ooiversal

international premium rate numbers for

theintemational premium mte service

E.169.3 ApplicationofRecommendationE.164

numbering plan for universal

international shared cost numbers for

internationalsharedcostsennce

E.195 ITU-Tinternational numbering resource

administration

E.190 Prihciplesand responsibilities for the

management, assignment, and

reclamationorE-seriesinternational

numbering resources

E.213 Telephone andISDN numbering plan for

land mobile stationsinpublic land

mobile networks (PLMN)

E.215 TelephonelISDN numbering plan for the

mobile-satellite·services ofInmarsat

Routing Plans and Routing Data

E.148 Routing of traffic byautomatictransit

exchanges

E.149 Presentation of routing data

E.173 Routing plan for interconnection between

public landmobiJenetworksandfixed

tenninalnetworks

E.174 Routifigj:mnciplesandguidance for

UniversalPersonal Telecommunications

(UPT)

E.190 Principlesandresponsibilities for the

management,assignment,and

reclamation ofE-seriesinternational

numbering resources

E.3S0 Dynamic Routing IntelWorking

E.351 Routing of multimedia connections

acrossTDM-, ATM-,and IP-based

networks

E.352 Routing guidelines forefficientrouting

methods

E.353 Routil1gofcallswhen using

international routing addresses

E.230 Chargeabledurauonofcal1s E.231 Chargingi~autAt11atic~~icef()r~~lls

tenninatingonarecomedannouncement stating the reasonforthecallnotbeing completed

E.232 Charging for callstosubscriber's station connected eithertothe absent

subscriber's service orto adevice substituting a subscriberinhis absence E.251 Old system foraccouritmgin

international telephony E.252 ModeofapplicationOfilieflat-rateprice procedureset~orthinJ}eco11lD1~dations D.67 andD.lSOfor·remunerationof facilitiestllade~vai1ablet~the administratiolisofothercountries E.260 Basic technicalproblems conceming.the measurement and recording of call durations

E.261 Devices for measuring and recording

calldurations E.270 Monthly telephonean4telex accounts E.275 Exchange of international traffic accountingdatabetween~strations usingeleetronicdatainterchange(EDI) techniques

E.276 Tnu.'1smission·inen.cooeclformof telephone reversed charge billing and accounting infortrtation

E.277 Conventional transmission of infonnationnecessaryfor.tllecollection

of charges and the accounting regarding collect andcredit.card calls

E.433 Billing integrity

Telephone Tones E.180 Technical characteristics oftones for the telephone service

E.18l Custom

Signaling System 7 (887) eng ISDN

E.145 International network management guidance for commonchannelSignaling System 7

E.167 ISDN network identification.codes

E.172 ISDN routing plan E.177 B-ISDN routing E.191 B-ISDNaddressing E.184 Indications to users ofISDNterminals

E.213 Telephone andISDNnumbefing plan for land mobile stations iIlpublicJand mobile networks (PtMN) E.21S TelephoneIlS~:N'nuI11beringp~~or the mobile satellite····services.··of·lrttJ.Ult'Sat

,

~:~~

E.170 Traff~.c.routing E.412 Networkmanagement controls E.416 Network management principlesand functions forB-ISDN traffic Traffic Forecasting Engineering, and Measurement

E.300 Specialuse.sofcircuits normally employed for automatic telephone traffic E.301 Intpactof:gonvoiceappliGations onthe telephone network

E.370 Service principles when public circuit-switchedintemational telecommuni-cation networks interworkwithIP-based networks

E.417 Framework for the network management ofIP-based networks

Network Management

E.202 Network operational principles for future public mobile systems andservices E.201 Reference recommendation for mobile services

E.210 Ship station identification for VHF/UHF and maritime mobile-satellite services E.2II Selection procedures for VHF/UHF maritime' mobile services

E.212 Theintemational identification plan for mobile terminals and mobile users E.214 Structure of theJand mobile global title for the signaling connection control part (Seep)

E.216 Selection proceduresforthe INMARsAT mobile-satellite telephone and ISDN services

E.220 Interconnection of public land mobile networks(PLMN)

Data Services

Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary

ESeries.·ReCOlDmen«l.,tioDs, cont

Signaling System 7.(587) and ISPN cont

E.330 User control of ISDN-supported services

E.331 Minimum user-terminal interface.for a

human user entering address information

into an ISDNtennirtal

E.416 Network management principles and

functions forB-ISDN traffic

E.671 Post-selection delayinPSTNIISDN

using··Intemettelepbony '.for aportion.of

the connection

E.710 ISPNtrafficJllode1iIlg overview

E.716 User demand modelingin

Broadband-ISDN

E.720 ISDN gradeof service concept

E.730 ISDN dimensioning methods overview

E.735 Framework for traffic control and

dimensioninginB-ISDN

E.736 Methods for cell level traffic controlin

B-ISDN

E.73? Dimensioning methods for B-ISDN

FacsimileServices

E.320 SpeediIlg up t.hees~~lishnlentand.

clearingofphototelegraph calls

E.323 Rules for photf:)telegraph

communications setupover circuits

normally used for telephone traffic

E.4S0 Facsimilequality ofservice on public

networks -general aspects

E.451 Facsimilecallcut-offperformance

E.452 Facsimilemo~mspeed reductionsand

transaction tinie

E.453 Facsimile image qualityascorruptedby

transmission inducedscan line errors

E.4S4 Transmission performanceMetriCSbased

on ElT()I.CorrectionMode(fjCM)

.facsimile

E.456 Test transactipnforf~csimi1e

transmissionperf°ntlance

E.4S7 Facsimile measurement methodologies

E.4S8 Figure ofmerit for facsimile

tTansmissionperfonnance

E.459 Measurements and metrics for

performanceusing nonintrusive

techniques

E.460 Measurementsandmetricsfor

monitoring the perfonnanceof~34

Group}facsimile

Mobile, Satellite, and Marine Telephony

E.200 Operational provisions for the maritime

mobile service

E.IIO E.490 E.491 E.492 E.SOO E.SOt E.502 E.S03 E.S04 E.S06 E.S07

Traffic rquting Traffic measurement and evaluation -generalsurvey

Trafficmeasurementbydestination Traffic reference period

Traffic intensity measurement principles Estimation oftraffic offeredinthe network

Traffic measurement requirements for digital telecommunication· exchanges Tri:lfticlD.easurementdataanalysi~ Traffic measurement administration Forecasting international traffic Models for forecasting international traffic

Measurements Gont.

E.S08

E.SIO

E.520

E.521

E.522

E.523

E.600

E.65J

E.731

E.733

E.734

E.743

E.744

E.745

E.7S0

Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary

Human Factors andJnterfaces

Ẹ771 N~tworkgradeof service parameters and target values for circuit-switched public land mobile services

Ẹ773 Maritime and aeronautical mobile grade of service concept

Ẹ774 Network grade of service parameters and target values for maritime and aeronautical mobile services Ẹ775 UPT grade of service concept Ẹ776 Network grade of service parameters forUPT

B.ll1 Terminal devices··usedinconnection with the public telephone service (other than telephones)

Ẹ133 Operating procedures for cardphones

Ẹ134 Human factors aspects of public terminals: generic operating procedures Ẹ135 Human factors aspects of public telecommunication terminals forpeople with disabilities

Specification of atactile identifier for witb telecommunication cards

Ẹ162 Capabilityfor seven digit analysis of intemationaLẸ164 numbers at time T Ẹ164.1 Criteria and procedures for the reservation, assignment and reclamation ofẸ164COUD1Iycodes and associated Identification Codes(Ies) Ẹ164.2 Ẹl64 numbering resources for trials Ẹ 164.3 Principles, criteria, and procedures for the assignment and reclamation of Ẹ164 country codes and associated identification codes for groups of countries

Ẹ165 Timetable for coordinated implementation ofth~full,?apabilityof the numberingplan·fortheISDN era (Recommendation Ẹ164)

Ẹ16S.1 Use of escape code "0" withinthe Ẹl64 numbering plan during the transition periodtoimplementation of NFlmechanism

Ẹ166 Numbering plan interworking for the Ẹl64 and X.121numbering plans Ẹ193 Ẹ164 country code expansion

.

Ẹ164 Codes

Traffic Performance, GoS, CoS, cant

Ẹ428 Connectionretention

Ẹ430 Quality of service framework

Ẹ431 Servip~quality assessmentfor

connectionset-upandrelease delays

Ẹ432 Connection quality

Ẹ436 Customer affecting incidents and

blockingdefects per million

Ẹ437 Comparativemetricsfor network

perfomumcemanagement

Ẹ438 Perfotmance])arametersand

N-ISDN.6iliKbpscircuit·.switchedbearer

serviceIJDI· inoperation

Ẹ439 Testcall measurementto

issessN-ISDN·64 Kbpscircuit-switched bearer

serviceUDIinoperation

Ẹ493 Grade of service (GoS) monitoring

Ẹ50S Measurements ofthe performance of

common channelsignalingnetwork

ẸS2S Designing networkstocontrol grade of

service

Ẹ529 Network dimensioning using end-to-end

grade ofservice(G08)objectives

Ẹ540 Qver~llgrade()fservice·ofthe

illtemationatpart of an international

connection

ẸS41 Overallgrade of service for

international COĐe(:tions

(subscriber-to-subscriber)

Ẹ543 Grades of service in digital international

telephone exchanges

ẸSSO Grade ofservice and new performance

criteria under failure conditionsin

internationaltelephone exchanges

Ẹ720 ISDN grade ofservice concept

Ẹ721 Networkgrll9e;,ofservice paramf'ters

andtargefvaluesfofcircuit-switched

services.ill theevolvingISDN

Ẹ723 Grade ofservice parameters for

Signaling SystemNọ 7 networks

Ẹ724 Gradeofservice (GoS) parameters and

target GoS objectivesfor INservices

Ẹ726 Networkgradeof service parameters

andtargetvalues for B-ISDN

Ẹ728 Grade ofservice parameters for

B-ISDNsignaling

Ẹ770 Land mobile and fixed network

interconnection traffic grade of service

concept

dard based upon 25 frames per second (fps) that is used in Europe, Australia, and nations supporting the PAL or SECAM video standards, endorsed by the Eu-ropean Broadcasting Union Time code encoding is used to facilitate film audio/video synchronization and frame-accurate video editing See SMPTE time code

EC 1 end chain 2 See exchange carrier 3 pean Community, European Common Market, pean Union (EU) An organization ofmember Euro-pean nations that have been developing, over a num-ber of decades, a common currency, common pass-ports, common network resources, and intercountry work, commerce, and decision-making alliances in order to promote trade, both within the EC and be-tween the EC and other nations

ECC1 Electronic Commerce Canada Inc A volun-tary organization ofpublic- and private-sector execu-tives sharing information about electronic commerce http://www.ecc.ca/ 2 Electronics Communications Committee 3 elliptic curve cryptography See elliptic curve 4 Emergency Communications Center 5 er-ror correcting codes

ECCASee European Cable Communications Asso-ciation

eccentric circle In a phonograph record, a blank, nonconcentrlc groove cut into the inner part of the platter to trip the automatic stylus pickup mechanism when the record has finished playing

eccentricity1 Deviation from normal or expected

2 Deviation from a regular or expected path, as a straight line or a circle 3 In orbits, the deviation from

a circular path 4 In conductive materials, as wires, the deviation at a particular point of the diameter of the conductor with the insulation, when measured in cross section

ECCO Equatorial Constellation Communications Organization A system of 11 commercial mini-sat-ellites plus one spare in low Earth orbit (LEO), a con-cept descended from small-scale satellite systems developed by the Brazilian Space Agency By launch-ing a large number of small satellites into the same equatorial orbit, it is possible to arrange them so that there will be at least one within line-of-sight trans-missions range at anyone time

ECCO is a joint venture of Constellation Communi-cations, Inc (CCI), formed in 1991, and Telebras Telebras is involved in internationalization and gen-eral business administration ofthe system The com-bination of the Constellation and ECO-8 programs resulted in the ECCO project CCI includes well-known shareholders including Bell Atlantic, Raytheon, and Global Wireless, Inc

In1997, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) authorized the first two phases of the project and, in 1998, Orbital Sciences Corporation was con-tracted to build and launch the systems Commercial mobile and fixed-site voice, data facsimile, and po-sitioning services were initially scheduled to come online in 1999 but then scheduled for Fall 2001 The 12 satellites are designed to share a ring orbit