In Proceedings of National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, 2000.. In Proceedings of National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, 2000.. In Proceedings of National Fiber Optic Engineers
Trang 1710 DEPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS
References
[Coo00] H.K Cook The economics of metro DWDM deployment In Proceedings of
National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, 2000
[Dos01] B Doshi et al Ultra-long-reach systems, optical transparency and networks In
OFC 2001 Technical Digest, 2001 Paper TUG4
[DSGW00] A Dwiwedi, M Sharma, J M Grochocinski, and R E Wagner Value of reach
extension in long-distance networks In Proceedings of National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, 2000
[GR99] O Gerstel and R Ramaswami Upgrading SONET rings with WDM instead of
TDM: An economic analysis In OFC'99 Technical Digest, pages 75-77, 1999 [Mae00] Y Maeno et al Cost comparison of an IP/OTN integrated node against a pure IP
routing node In Proceedings of National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, 2000 [OSF00] G Ocakoglu, K Struyve, and E Falcao The business case for DWDM metro
systems in a pan-European carrier environment In Proceedings of National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, 2000
[PCK00] G N S Prasanna, E A Caridi, and R M Krishnaswamy Metropolitan IP-optical
networks: A systematic case study In Proceedings of National Fiber Optic
Engineers Conference, 2000
[PCW+00] V Poudyal, R H Cardwell, O J Wasem, J E Baran, and A Rajah Comparison
of network alternatives for transporting high capacity tributaries for IP router interconnection In Proceedings of National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference,
2000
Trang 2Acronym Expansion
1R
2R
3R
AAL
ACTS
ADM
AGC
AIS
ANSI
AOTF
APD
APS
AR
ASE
ATM
ATMOS
AWG
BCH
BDI
BER
BLSR
Regeneration without reshaping or retiming
Regeneration with reshaping but no retiming
Regeneration with retiming and reshaping
ATM adaptation layer
Advanced communications technologies and services
Add/drop multiplexer
Automatic gain control
Alarm indication signal
American National Standards Institute
Acousto-optic tunable filter
Avalanche photodetector
Automatic protection switching
Anti-reflective
Amplified spontaneous emission
Asynchronous transfer mode
ATM optical switching
Arrayed waveguide grating
Bose-Chaudhuri-Hochquenghem (code)
Backward defect indicator
Bit error rate
Bidirectional line-switched ring
711
Trang 3712 ACRONYMS
CBR CGM CLP CMIP
CO CORBA CPM CRC
CW DARPA DBR DCF DCN DCS DFB DGD
DM DPRing DSB DSF DSL DTMF DWDM
EA EDFA EDFFA EMS ESCON FCC FDDI FDI FDM FEC FET FOM
FP FSAN FSR
Constant bit rate Cross-gain modulation Cell loss priority Common management information protocol Central office
Common object request broker Cross-phase modulation Cyclic redundancy check Continuous wave Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Distributed Bragg reflector
Dispersion compensating fiber Data communications network Digital crossconnect
Distributed feedback Differential group delay Direct modulation Dedicated protection ring Double sideband
Dispersion-shifted fiber Digital subscriber loop Dielectric thin film multicavity filter Dense wavelength division multiplexing Electro absorption
Erbium-doped fiber amplifier Erbium-doped fluoride fiber amplifier Element management system
Enterprise serial connection Federal Communications Commission Fiber distributed data interface Forward defect indicator Frequency division multiplexing Forward error correction Field effect transistor Figure of merit Fabry-Perot Full service access network Free spectral range
Trang 4FTP
FTTC
FWHM
FWM
GCSR
GDMO
GFC
GMPLS
GVD
HDLC
HEC
HFC
HIPPI
HOL
IBM
IETF
ILP
IP
IR
ISI
IS-IS
ISO
ISP
ITU
KEOPS
LAN
LDP
LEAF
LED
LH
LLN
LMDS
LR
LSP
LSR
LT
LTD
LTE
File transfer protocol Fiber to the curb Full-width half maximum Four-wave mixing Grating coupled sampled reflector Guidelines for definition of managed objects Generic flow control
Generalized multiprotocol label switching Group velocity dispersion
High-level data link control Header error control Hybrid fiber coax High performance parallel interface Head of line
International Business Machines Internet Engineering Task Force Integer linear program
Internet Protocol Intermediate reach Intersymbol interference Intermediate system-intermediate system International Standards Organization Internet service provider
International Telecommunications Union Keys to optical packet switching
Local-area network Label distribution protocol Large effective area fiber Light emitting diode Long-haul
Linear lightwave network Local multipoint distribution service Long reach
Label-switched path Label-switched router Line terminal
Lightpath topology design Line terminating equipment
Trang 5714 ACRONYMS
MEMS MIB MILP MLM MMDS MMF MPLS
MS MSP MZI
NA NALM NEBS NLSE NNI NOLM
NP NRZ NSIF NTSC NZ-DSF OADM OBLSR OBPSR OCDMA OCh OC-x O/E/O OFC OIF OLT OMS ONU OOK OSC OSI OSPF OTDM OTN
Micro-electro-mechanical systems Management information base Mixed integer linear program Multilongitudinal mode Multichannel multipoint distribution service Multimode fiber
Multiprotocol label switching Multiplex section
Multiservice platform Mach-Zehnder interferometer Numerical aperture
Nonlinear amplifying loop mirror Network equipment building system Nonlinear Schr6dinger equation Network-to-network interface Nonlinear optical loop mirror Nonpolynomial
Non-return-to-zero Network and Services Interoperability Forum National Television Standards Committee Nonzero-dispersion-shifted fiber
Optical add/drop multiplexer Optical bidirectional line-switched ring Optical bidirectional path-switched ring Optical code division multiple access Optical channel
Optical carrier-x (x = 1, 3, 12, 48, 192,768 ) Optical-to-electrical-to-optical
Optical Fiber Communications Conference Optical Internetworking Forum
Optical line terminal Optical multiplex section Optical network unit On-off keying Optical supervisory channel Open systems interconnection Open shortest path first Optical time division multiplexing Optical transport network
Trang 6OUPSR
OXC
PC
PDH
PDL
PLL
PMD
PNNI
PON
PPP
PPS
PSK
PT
PWDM
QAM
qos
RF
RN
RS
RSVP
RWA
RZ
SAN
SBCON
SBS
SCM
SDH
SDM
SLM
SMF
SN
SNMP
SNR
SOA
SONET
SOP
SPE
SPM
SPRing
Optical unidirectional path-switched ring Optical crossconnect
Personal computer Plesiochronous digital hierarchy Polarization-dependent loss Phase-locked loop
Polarization-mode dispersion Private network-to-network interface Passive optical network
Point-to-point protocol Photonic packet switching Phase-shift keying
Payload type Point-to-point WDM Quadrature amplitude modulation Quality of service
Radio frequency Remote node Reduced slope Resource reservation protocol Routing and wavelength assignment Return-to-zero
Storage-area network Single byte command code sets connection architecture Stimulated Brillouin scattering
Subcarrier multiplexing Synchronous digital hierarchy Space division multliplexing Single longitudinal mode Single-mode fiber Sequence number Simple network management protocol Signal-to-noise ratio
Semiconductor optical amplifier Synchronous optical network State of polarization
Synchronous payload envelope Self-phase modulation
Shared protection ring
Trang 7716 ACRONYMS
Acronym Expansion
SR SRS
SSB STM-x STS-x SWP TCP TDM
TE TFMF TL-1
TM TMN TOAD TPON TWC
UBR
UDP ULH UNEQ UNI UPSR
UV
VC
VC VCI VCO VCSEL VLSI VOA
VP VPI
VT
WA WDM WPON
WRPON
Short reach Stimulated Raman scattering Single sideband
Synchronous transport module-x (x = 1, 4, 16, 64,256 ) Synchronous transport signal-x (x = 1, 3, 12, 48, 192 ) Spatial walk-off polarizer
Transmission control protocol Time division multiplexing Transverse electric
Thin-film multicavity filter Transaction Language-1 Transverse magnetic Telecommunications management network Terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer PON for telephony
Tunable wavelength converter Unspecified bit rate
User datagram protocol Ultra-long-haul
Unequipped User network interface Unidirectional path-switched ring Ultraviolet
Virtual circuit Virtual container Virtual circuit identifier Voltage control oscillator Vertical cavity surface emitting laser Very large scale integrated circuits Variable optical attenuator Virtual path
Virtual path identifier Virtual tributary Wavelength assignment Wavelength division multiplexing Wavelength PON
Wavelength-routed PON
Trang 8Table B.1
indicated)
Parameters and symbols used in Part I (dimensionless unless otherwise
Effective area
Pulse envelope
Fiber core radius
Bit rate
Electrical bandwidth
Optical bandwidth
Bit error rate
Normalized effective index
Capacitance
Speed of light in vacuum
Dispersion parameter
Electric flux density
Material dispersion
Polarization-mode dispersion
Waveguide dispersion
Dispersion-shifted fiber
Electric field
Energy level
Electronic charge
Amplifier noise figure
Finesse
Optical carrier frequency
Pump frequency
Ae 50 #m 2
A(z,t)
a 4 #m (SMF)
B Mb/s or Gb/s
Be GHz
Bo GHz BER 109-10 -15
b
C #F (microfarad)
c 3 x 108 m/s
D ps/nm-km
D coulombs/m 2
DM ps/nm-km DpMD p s / ~
Dw ps/nm-km DSF D = 0 (1.55 #m)
E differences, AE, expressed
in nm using AE = hc/X
e 1.6 x 10 -19 coulombs
F
fp YHz
7 1 7
Trang 9718 S Y M B O L S AND PARAMETERS
Table B.1 Parameters and symbols used in Part I (dimensionless unless otherwise indicated) (continued)
Amplifier unsaturated gain Gmax
Brillouin gain coefficient g8 4 • 10 -11 m/W
Raman gain coefficient gR 6 x 10 -14 m/W
Planck's constant h 6.63 • 10 -34 J/Hz
Thermal noise current Ith 3 pA/x/-Hz
Boltzmann's constant k8 1.38 )< 10 -23 J/~
Distance between amplifiers l km
Average number of photons
Nonzero-dispersion-shifted-fiber NZ-DSF - 6 < D < 6 ps/nm-km
(1.55 #m) Effective index neff
Spontaneous emission factor nsp
Core refractive index n l
Cladding refractive index n2
Nonlinear index coefficient
Amplifier output saturation power PoSua~
Amplifier saturation power psat
Electric polarization P
Linear polarization 79L
Local-oscillator power PLo
Nonlinear polarization J')NL
Penalty (signal-dependent noise) PPsig-dep
Penalty (signal-independent noise) PPsig-indep
Receiver sensitivity Psens
Photodetector responsivity 7~
Real part of x ~[x]
Extinction ratio r
2.2-3.4 • 10 -8 #m2/W
mW
mW coulombs/m 2 coulombs/m 2 dBm
coulombs/m 2
W or mW
dB
dB
dB dBm
or k~2 A/W
Trang 10indicated) (continued)
Standard single-mode fiber
Signal-to-noise ratio
Bit period
Decision threshold
V-number
Optical frequency
Number of wavelengths
Absorption coefficient
Fiber attenuation
Propagation constant
Group velocity
GVD parameter
Coupling ratio
Nonlinear propagation
coefficient
Fractional core-cladding
refractive index difference
Brillouin gain bandwidth
Interchannel spacing
Permittivity of vacuum
Detector quantum efficiency
Four-wave mixing efficiency
Input coupling efficiency
Output coupling efficiency
Chirp factor
Coupling coefficient
Grating period
Filter center wavelength
Wavelength
Permeability of vacuum
Shot noise power
Thermal noise
power
Signal-spontaneous
noise power
Spontaneous-spontaneous
noise power
Phase
Susceptibility
Third-order susceptibility
Angular frequency
SMF SNR
T
Td
v 1)
W 0/
of
1/r
f12
?,
Y
A
zxf8
A)v G0 /7 r]i /7o
K
K
A )~o
/zo
2 o-shot
cr 2
slg-spont
O-2 spont-spont
)(
X(3) (_O~ 09 0
D = 17 ps/nm-km (1.55 btm),
D = 0 (1.3 #m)
dB or no units
n s
Hz 1/cm 0.22 dB/km at 1.55 # m 1/#m
m/s s2/m (or in terms of D) 0-1
2.6/W-km
20 MHz at 1.55/2m
nm 8.854 x 10 -12 F/m
1 for pinFETs
1/#m
# m
# m
# m or nm 47r x 10 - 7 H/m
radians
6 x 10 - 1 5 cm3/erg