Complete advanced workbook without answers

Ive gotchildren of my own now.Since they 9 hod been / were born, 10 hove been trying / hod been trying hardnotto 0 Complete the sentences with the correct past form of the verbs in brack

with Audio Third edition

Cl

@EI]3'2ZEE7 d

1 People like us 4

2 More than words 8

3 Mind, body and soul 12

4 Career paths 16

5 Events to remember 20

6 Creative pursuits 24

7 In your free time 28

8 Sound and vision 32

9 Invention and innovation 36

10 Learning for life 40

11 Globetrotters 44

12 Our planet 48

13 A healthy lifestyle 52

14 A new land 56

Acknowledgments 60

j People like us

Grammar

Verb forms to talk about the past

0 Circle the correct alternative initalics tocomplete the text.

When I (1) was growing up / grew up, my parents

(2) would be / were very protective of me They

(3) have had / had me when theywereolder and

(4) hod always wanted I have always been wantinga

daughter When Iwas a young child, I (5) was loving /

/over/being an onlychildas I (6) got / had been getting

all myparents’attention When I became a teenager,

my parents realised they (7) had been spoiling /

were spoilingme for too long and I (8) become /

hod become ratherself-centred Ive gotchildren of my

own now.Since they (9) hod been / were born,

(10) hove been trying / hod been trying hardnotto

0 Complete the sentences with the correct past form

of the verbs in brackets.

1 When mygrandmother wasgrowing up, she (has) to do withoutluxuries becauseherfamily (be) very poor

2 Jason (fall) apartwhen he heard that

he (fail)all his exams

3 Every Sunday inthe summerwhen I wasa child,we (pack)up a picnicand (go) off intothe countryside on ourbikes

4 What (happen) whenI called you lastnight? Yourdog (bark)

8 Dylan (manage) to catch up withallhis friends before he (head)offto Australia

Vocabulary

Collocations with give and make

0 Complete the sentences with the correct form of

give ormake.

0 Find and correct the errors in six of these sentences.

1 Mygrandfather used to be very open-minded but

he’s changed ashe’s gotolder

2 When Iwaswalking down the high street on

Saturday,Ihad bumped into a girl I was at

school with

3 Yesterday was a schoolday so what haveyoubeen

doinghanging round in the park at 10 o’clock

in the morning?

4 Mybrother would be a faster runner than mebut

nowadays I can run much faster than he can

5 I used tohate goingtovisit mycousins becausethey

would wind me up all the time

6 When Marlena finallyturned up, we have been

waiting for over an hour

7 Rafiwas an imaginative child;hehad beenalways

thinking up stories

4 8 I thinkI’m losingmy voice I talked allday

1 You seemto have a good impression

on Mr Cullen-he wantsto offer you the job

2 We like to our students theopportunity to go ona schooltripat least once

a year

3 When I was young, myparents me lots

of good advice but Ididn’t alwaystake it

4 Would youmind me more detailsaboutthe club and how I could join it?

5 I’m luckythat myparents always time

to play with my brother and me

6 Bothreports and proposalsusually involve

recommendations

7 This Thursday, the police will be comingto school to

a talk about onlinesafety

8 Unfortunately, I can’t go to theconcert tonight.hope they’ll me my money back

O Complete the phrases 1-8 with give ormake.Then match the phrases to the correct definitions A-H.

2 .(someone)a refund/their money back B say youaresorry

4 .(someone) some information/details Dteacha large group of students atuniversity

5 .a phone call E tell someonehowto do something

6 .a suggestion F return some money to someone

7 .acomment G put forward anidea forconsideration

8 .(someone) instructions H contact someone by phone

In Part 4, you often have to identify a ‘chunk’ of

language, such as a fixed phrase, dependent

preposition or phrasal verb, as well

as making grammatical changes -

remember that two different changes

are needed for each question

When you choose between the options for a speaker, remember that some options may seem quite tempting when you listen, but only one option in each task will be correct for that speaker

For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so

that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using

the word given Do not change the word given You

must use between three and six words, including the

a loan from time to time

5 People have fewer children than they did inthe past

MANY

People as

they usedto

6 Hecan’t be allowedto continue to behavesobadly

STOP

We have to

hisbad behaviour

2 You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about someone they admire.

TASK ONE For questions 1-5, choose from the list (A-H) the qualities

each speaker believes the person they admire has.

A being determined and hard-working

B beingfunand sociable

C being unconventional andopen-minded

D being analytical and aproblem-solver

E being persuasive andself-assured

F being rational and sensible

G being calm and self-aware

H beingexcitingand adventurousSpeaker 1

Speaker?

Speakers

Speaker4Speakers

4

7

TASK TWO

For questions 6-10, choose from the list (A-H) what change

the speaker made as a result of this person’s influence.

9 10

People like us 5

Reading and Use of English Part 8

You are going to read four reviews of a book about friendship

which is aimed at young adults For questions (1-10), choose

from the reviews A-D The reviews may be chosen more than once.

4 realises that their interactions with friends often lackeddepth?

5 refers to a specificcase whennot beingaware of a

friend’s situation caused a problem?

The words used in the questions will not be thesome os those in the text: look out for

synonyms and antonyms as well as paraphrases of the ideas in

10 doubtsthe reliability ofsomeoftheaccounts in the book?

Make new friends but keep the old four book reviews

Everyone was raving about this book, so I finally got

myself a copy Having read it from cover to cover, I

am still in two minds about it To my way of thinking, it

oversimplifies relationships and seems to imply that if

you do X, then Y will happen, which is not necessarily

the case It included some sweeping generalisations

about males and females and how they operate

within friendships, which I find difficult to accept On

the other hand, it did do me good to reflect on how

I handle conflict with the people close to me and

some parts of it were thought-provoking, particularly

the part about setting boundaries I thought it was

selfish to refuse to do certain things for my

friends, but now I realise that boundaries

are an important part of self-care It

is refreshing to be told that doing

something for yourself is a positive

I don't think I'd ever paid a

compliment to any of my peers

because I'd assumed I'd just be

ridiculed So, the other day I

told my friend I liked his new

haircut and he was actually

pleased I This is just one of the

effects this book had on me

What I liked most about it were the suggested

'tasks' - like paying a compliment to someone -

things which don't take much effort but have a massive

impact I realised that I have often taken my friends for

granted and assumed they'd be there in my time of

need, but I didn't put much effort into the relationships

Most communication between us was superficial -

either we'd be talking about trivial things or we were

complaining endlessly about homework and exams I

didn't realise the importance of showing appreciation for

the people we care about or the

effect meaningful friendships can have on one's

overall well-being Personally, I'd lose the pictures,

though - they are cute but a bit of a distraction

B

This book was recommended to our class by our deputy head teacher, who warned that some of us didn't know where to draw the line between friendly banter and bullying It made me think differently about how I interact with my mates; for example, like many people, I'm guilty of selective listening, which can be detrimental to friendships What the book has to say about the distractions of technology also rang a bell with me, because often we don't take notice of what our friends are saying or maintain eye-contact because we're too busy checking social media There was a story in the book about a girl who was on the verge of dropping out of school because she was being bullied but her so-called friends didn't even

realise what was going on It highlighted the need to be more observant and proactive with friends rather than just reacting to what they tell us Another thing I hove taken away is the need to be spontaneous and touch base with friends just to show them I'm there for them

value diversity Having said that, there are a few parts I find quite irritating Whilst the author is well aware

of the fact that relationships can be complicated,

I can't subscribe to the assumption that every

D emotional issue inevitably stems from our childhood

It doesn't necessarily follow that a difficult start in life leads to less harmonious relationships in adulthood Some of the examples seem a touch contrived and I question whether they are based on actual people I'd have preferred a more scientific approach with deeper insights to explore some of the more intricate relationships that are mentioned in the book The illustrations, while not strictly necessary in a book aimed

at this age group, really cheered me up!

6

Writing Part 1

An essay

Q Read the exam task below Say Yes orNo

to the following statements.

1 You shouldgive your views

onallthree of theideas Yes / No

2 Youmust choosewhich of

the two ideasyou feel isthe

bestchoice Yes / No

3 Youmustrefer to atleast

oneofthe opinions in

4 When referringto the

opinions, youshould

paraphrase Yes / No

5 Youshould write asmuch

as you possibly can Yes / No

O Read the essay written by an exam candidate who completed this Part 1 task Then complete it using the linking words and phrases

from the box below Some words can be used in more than one space.

although despite firstly however inthis way moreover nevertheless on the other hand secondly since

As well as your content and

language, you will be marked on

your organisation: ensure you

have a clear introduction

and conclusion as well as a

separate paragraph for each

of the two items you discuss

Yourclass has attended a panel discussion in the

Town Hall about whoshould be chosen as your

town’s‘Person ofthe Year’.Youhave madethe

‘Politicians divide publicopinion.’

‘The work ofteachers isimportant to

everyone.’

‘Sports people bring fame to our town.’

Writean essay discussing two of the types of

people who could bechosen for Person of the

Year You should explain which you feel is more

suitable, giving reasons to supportyour opinion

Youmay, if you wish,makeuse of the opinions

expressed in thediscussion, but you should use

yourownwords as far as possible

Write your answer in 220-260 words in an

(3) , let’s consider teachers ‘Ordinary’ citizens such as these are often overlooked for awards of this type, (4)

the vital work they do in our communities On the one hand, we should definitely show our appreciation for their role in our lives.

(5) , it would be difficult to choose just one teacher as the recipient of the award, (6) they all work so hard on our behalf.

(7) , I would like to consider the pros and cons of choosing a sportsperson On the positive side, the well-known sportsmen and women from our town are an inspiration to young people (8) , they have given us all something to celebrate and put our small town on the map (9) , those who excel in sports have already been rewarded for their efforts with trophies, medals and celebrity.

Having considered these two groups of people, my personal view

is that the award should go to a sportsperson (10)

teachers definitely deserve our appreciation and respect, I feel it would

be difficult to single out just one to receive this accolade.

Q Read the model essay again Has the writer:

1 writtenwithin the word limit? Yes/No

2 discussed two oftheideas? Yes/No

3 giventheir opinion on which isthe most suitable? Yes/No

4 organised their writing into paragraphs? Yes/No

5 used awide range ofvocabularyand sentence structure? Yes/ No

People like us 7

Vocabulary Grammar

Collocations with make, get and do

0 Circle the correct alternative in italics to complete

the sentences.

1 I got / madetheimpression that Charlotte was just

putting a brave face on things

2 Itnever does / makesany harmto overpreparefor

anexam

3 We don’toften make / get manycustomer complaints,

butwhen we do, we tryto solve the problem

straightaway

4 Don’t be nervousaboutyour speakingtest:just relax

and make / do your best.

5 Good communicators alwaysmake / getapoint of

listening carefully tothe other person

6 Somestudents don’t want to learn alanguage

becausethey don’t think they’ll evergeta chance to

get/ make use of it

7 Whatkind of speaking activities do you make /do in

your English class?

8 The problem withhavinga desk job is youoften don’t

get/ make enough exercise

9 Your speakingwon’t improve unlessyoudo / makean

effort to practise

10 I rarely feel likemaking / doing thecookingwhenI get

home from work

0 Complete the sentences with the correct form of make,

get or do.

1 Idon’t enjoy householdchores so I

spendas little time aspossibleon them

2 Theproposal on behalf of the council for

extra funding hasbeen denied

3 I knowit was a difficult decision,butI think you

therightchoice inthe end

4 Layla’s English is almostfluent but she still

mistakes with tenses

5 The headteacher has decided to

changesto the waythe children aretaught basic skills

6 First,youneedto somequalifications;

then youcanstart looking forajob

7 Miguel findsiteasy to friends; it’s his

brother I’m worried about

8 My mumasked me to someshopping for

her onmyway home from school

Expressing purpose, reason and result

0 Complete the blog post with a linking expression from

the box.

as a consequenceof in orderto since incase

so as therefore for the purpose of this reason

Severalsocial mediaplatforms have been created [

(1) allowingpeople tocommunicate a message withinaveryshort time.Teenagersandyoungadults areused to afast-pacedworld (2)For ,theyare the target audience forthese sites (3) mostolder people prefer communicating more carefully and at a slower pace, they are less likely to engagewith this kind of platform

(4) young people arefree to express themselveswithout their eldersobserving them Thisis a desirable situation for many adolescents (5) to avoid judgmentand criticism However, childprotectionexperts say onlinecommunication shouldalways be monitored (6)

bullying occurs.Manypeople believe that age limits onsocial media sitesshould be more strictlyenforced (7)

protect vulnerableyoung people (8) such limits,children willbeable to enjoy a stress-free childhood

0 Join the two sentences using the linking expression in

brackets Make any other necessary changes.

1 Let’sturnthe subtitles on We might not understandeverything,(incase)

2 Wetooklotsofphotosonholiday.We can remember the good times, (so that)

3 Leon hasn’t spoken French for several years HisFrench is a bitrusty (As)

4 Samira lived inGreece asa child She speaks Greekreally well, (with the result that)

5 Thelecture was cancelled.The lecturerwas ill (due to)

9 Slow down! You’re not any sense Say

In Listening Part 1, you will be tested on your ability to

understand gist, detail, function, agreement and course

of action, as well as the speakers’ purpose, feelings,

attitudes and opinions Mark one option after the first I

listening and use the second to check your answer

Read the words around the gaps

3 You will hear three different extracts For questions 1-6, choose the

,0 answer (A, B or C) that fits best according to what you hear There

§ are two questions for each extract.

B that the abilityto learn languagesispresent in infants from birth

C that newborns are able tomake out and producesounds from

every language

2 The womansays thatshe learnt that

A thereis a greatdeal ofvariance in babies’ rate ofdevelopment

B patternsof acquisitiondo not vary accordingto mothertongue

C speakingtobabies helps speed up the learning process

Extract 2

You hear two friends talkingabouta language speakingtest in schools

3 Themandisagrees with the woman’s view aboutthe speaking test

becausehethinks

A shehas misunderstood the plannedalterations

B examinersare bestplacedto grade students’ speaking

C preparing for an examtakes time awayfrom teaching

4 Whatis thewoman’s opinion on learning languages in school?

A Pupilswill be less motivatedif it is madecompulsory

B Children should study alanguage even if they don’t want to

C Schools needto change howstudents view languages

Extract 3

Youhear a man talking toa woman abouta text message he has

received from his daughter

5 Why doesthe womandismiss the man’s complaint about his

daughter’stext message?

A Shefeels heshould learn the abbreviations she uses

B She doesn’t mind not understanding young people

C Sheunderstands thatlanguagechange is normal

6 Why doesthe woman mention a pram?

A to show thatlanguageschangefor users’ convenience

B to illustrate theratesof change of spokenand

written language

C togive an example of the language from a historical period

carefully and decide what kind of

context

word is missing Remember, a prefix might be needed so that the word makes sense in the

For questions 1-8, read the text below Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example (0): ^^O^D^JZS

Communicating with our pets

Many of us wantto be able to interactwith our (Oj^^LQ^^iP LOVE

pets,but one woman from Washington has taught her dogBunny to communicate inarather

(1) way Alexis Devinecreated a ‘languagemachine’ using sound buzzers to enable Bunny to

CONVENTION

talk to her Aftermany hours of

(2) practice, Bunnycan tell her precisely whathe needs

REPEAT

Many pet experts believe we

(3) ourpets’ abilities

Some cite the example of Rico, abordercollie who could

ESTIMATE

(4) between the

words for200objects Thereare others, however,who claim thecasesof Bunnyand Rico are

DIFFERENT

(5) , astheyinsist animalscanbe taught to understand our languages

LEAD

What is beyond doubt is thatbothdogs and cats find waysto communicate withtheirowners

A cat’s whiskerspulled againstitscheeks, for example, isan

(6) of fear, while INDICATE

half-closingthe eyes shows

(7) Instead of CONTENT

inventing complicated machines,most pet lovers simply need toraisetheir (8) oftheirpet’s body language

AWARE

More than words 9

Writing Part 2

A report

0 Read the exam task below.

0 Read the report written by an exam candidate Choose a heading

for each section There are three extra headings.

The developersof anew language learning

app,Linguamundo,have invited youto take

part in a trial tostudy two languages:English

at Advanced level and anew language at

Beginner level

Youhave beenaskedto write areport

aboutyour experiences with the app Your

report should evaluate the app’s value for

both Beginners andAdvanced learners and

suggest ways itcould be improved

Write your report in 220-260 words.

Thefree app The premium versionIntroduction RecommendationsGoodpointsoftheapp Developmentofthe app Points to improve General evaluation

1

I recently spent two weeks trialling the Linguamundo app.As an advanced learner ofEnglish,I used the premium Advanced add-on, while alsousingthe free app to begin learning German.Theaimofthis report isto sharemypersonal experiences of usingthe app

Both the basic programme and the Advanced add-on were attractive,enjoyable to useand effective As a learner, I madeoutstanding progress in both languages However, both versions could benefitfrom further development

0 Answer the questions.

3

1 Who is the reportfor?

2 Which three verbsin the secondparagraph

giveinstructions forthe task?

3 Whatisthepurpose of the report?

Having had no previousexposure to the German language,I was astonishedbyhow quicklyI was able to grasp the basics The colourful and entertaining visuals enhanced my experienceand made the new words and phrases more memorable There arestill a few bugs, though, andoccasionally the app shutsdown mid-exercise

Reports are usually divided into sections with

4

headings Start with the purpose of

the report Make sure to cover all the

points in the question Most reports

end with recommendations

Advancedlearners of any language needto pay touse the app This is, inmyview, reasonable, given the work thatgoes intopreparingmaterialsat ahigherlevel While vocabularyand grammar lessons wereusefuland engaging, the app does notreally focus onskills development.Links toreading andlistening materials wereprovided; however,these were disappointing asthere werenotasks to aid comprehension

5

There are three suggestions I would like to make The firstwould

be to add a few more languages,in addition tothefive alreadyprovided; Mandarin, Japanese and Arabic would bethemost useful Secondly, extend the Advanced level to the othercore languages Andlastly, furtherdevelop the skills-based materials

to enable advanced learnersto practise their reading and listening skills

Read the report again Which adjectives does the writer use

to describe the following?

1 The app ingeneral

2 Herprogressin both languages while usingthe app generally

3 Herreaction toher own progress inGerman

4 The visuals

5 Thefact thatadvanced learnershave to pay

6 Theadvanced grammar and vocabulary lessons

7 The reading and listeningmaterialsio

Reading and Use of English Part 6

You are going to read four extracts from articles written by

people who have experienced remote working For questions

1-4, choose from the extracts A-D The extracts may be

chosen more than once.

Which writer

1 has a different view fromthe others on theeffectof remote

working on work-lifebalance?

2 shares A’s view onhow enjoyableremote working is?

3 4

A

Remote working

One of themainbenefitsof remote working has been its effect on

home life Those who had longcommutes or spend a long timein

the office rarely shared a meal withtheirfamilies Now, theyhave

ample time to do so.Theincrease in familytimecan only be a

positive impact I would also arguethat work itself is proving more

pleasurable for most people as a resultof the moveto remote

working Andmanagers, asI see it, are reapingtherewards: By

giving employees more independence andflexibility to manage

their workloads, they've found themselves with a more empowered

and motivated workforce Itwouldseemthat themore autocratic

approachto management is a thing of the past It's notallplain

sailing, though For peoplewho livealone, the isolationfrom

supportive colleagues can be extremely challenging

There'salot to be said for remote working It's strikingto see the

increased number ofbusinesses promoting it Manyhave realised

it'san incentive that can attract good people to their companies

Some are even offeringtocover the cost of utilitybills,which I feel

is a step in the right direction The important questionis though,

whenour office and personal space are indistinguishable, can we

ever truly switch offfrom work? It's tempting, and understandably

so, for workers to check anextra emailor finalise a report when

thecomputer isjust there, but theprospect oflonger hours and

increased stress makesthethreat of burnoutalltooreal This is

compounded by the absence of co-workers with whom one can

vent one'sfrustrations, oftena major benefit ofworkplace life To

ensurethatemployee well-being is maintained, it's something

that managers are going tohaveto keepaclose eye on

Underline the key words in each of the four questions As you read, label the parts of the text that relate to each question so that it is easier to compare the ideas

Exam advice

hasasimilar view toB on how remoteworking influenceswork relationships?

has a differentopinion from D on the consequencesfor managers ofremote working?

One of the main attractions of remote working is putting a distance between the individualand thosesometimestoxic office 'friendships'whichsap one's energy Being able to take care of home and gardenduring the dayand thinking about something other than workduring breaks, in my view, makesfor a less stressful life Now thatremote working is almost the norm, managershaverealised no-one has reduced their output, which hasresulted in a more 'hands off' leadership style I assume that most experiencedemployeesfind working withoutdistractions hashelpedthemrediscover the joyand satisfaction of

ajob well done However, newer members of staff might find the lack of supervision a little nerve- wracking The need to have excellentinternetconnectivity has caused many companiesto payfor their staff's home Wi-Fi, saving them money This is

in additionto the money saved by not commuting to theofficeevery day

When it comes to making remote working a success, there's one key

factorthat mustn't be overlooked: trust.There'sanold saying'out

ofsight, out of mind' andit'sonethat I feel bosses areall too aware

of, even fearful of No longer being able topoketheirheads round

the door or glance upfromthe desks to see how staffare working,

they're overcompensating; setting up a seemingly endlessnumber

of meetings anddrop-insessionsto find out what their employees

areup toor whether they're at their virtual desks This iscounter­

productive, in my view,and somethingthatcould negatively impact

on worker motivation, well-being and productivity - three things

remote working should,in theory, help to improve There is some

evidence, however, that the physical distance from one's colleagues

may actually bebeneficial to mentalwell-being as workers no longer

needtoinvest mental energyin interactions with people they haven't

chosen tobe with

More than words 11

Mind, body

Vocabulary

Multi-word verbs

O Replace the words in italics with the correct form of a

multi-word verb from the box There is one multi-word

verb that you don’t need to use.

catchon come across as comeup do away with

get into put forward rushintosettle down takeon

1 Mia left home before me but I managed

up herbefore shegot to the bus stop

2 We’renot in any rush solet’s our andgetacoffee

3 Id alwayswanted a diamond engagementring but when Isawthe emerald one,it really

my

4 My grandmother had seven children andshe found it difficultto ends

1 I’m happy that the school hasabolished intelligence tests

for11-year-old pupils

2 Davidhas been studying psychologyfora couple of months

nowand he’s really becominginterested in it

3 I bought a lotteryticket this morning and I really hopemy

numbersore selected.

4 Marta seems abit serious but she’sgreat funonceyouget

to know her

5 Makesureyou don’t agree to dotoo much - everyone

needs some freetime

6 People whohurry intomarriageare lesslikely to be happy

7 Charlotte madesome veryinterestingsuggestions at our

lastmeeting

8 A few of the kids at school have startedwearing odd socks

I don’tthink it’llbecome a trend\

Verb collocations

O Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words

in the table Use one word from column A and one word from

column B in each sentence.

5 When we wereyoung, my parentsalways

a of buying my sister and I the samenumber of presents

6 My philosophy isto things they come -there’s nopoint

in worrying

7 The developers into alotof when it cametotesting theirlatest softwarebecause theyrealised the coding was incorrect

0 Replace the word or phrase in italics with a collocation from Exercise 2 in the correct form.

Make any other changes necessary.

1 Mariahadn’tdecidedwhattypeofpainting tobuy - shejust looked around until something

of the first lap

5 When I go to the supermarket, I always

remember to buysome food for a needyfamily

6 There’satleast an hour tillwe need to be at the departure gate-you don ’t need to hurry inthe duty-freeshop

7 Adam isa veryrelaxedkind of person - he just

accepts whatever happens.

12

Grammar

no, none, not]

0 Complete the dialogues with no, none or notin each gap.

1

A: There’s (1) way Id tell Brendaanything I didn’t want anyoneelse to know

B: Well,to be fair,(2) of your friendscan keep a secret

A: Mm, apart from Maxine,perhaps She tends (3) to talkaboutotherpeople

2

A: I’ve had absolutely (4) food today (5) that I was particularly hungry

B: Whydidn’t youhavea cake when the rest ofus hadone?

A: I was going to but there were(6) that Ifancied

3

A: Surely (7) everyonewho likes green can be sincere and caring

B: That’strue To be honest,I have(8) belief in thatkind of generalisation

A: Nor do I.(9) of those quizzes are ever accurate for me

B: Well, they’re just abit offun There’s (10) point takingthem seriously

The passive

0 Look at these sentences written by exam candidates.

Some of them contain mistakes in the passive or active

form Find the mistake in each sentence and correct it

or put a tick if the sentence is correct.

1 It has been reporting that girls and boysnowperform

equally wellin Maths and Science

2 The educationsystemhas been criticised for valuing

certain typesof intelligencemore than others

3 Experts still disagree about whetherenvironmental

factors or genetics havea greater influence on

personality

4 Evidence was currentlybeing reviewed which

suggests that intelligenceis inherited from the

mother, notthe father

5 A child’s position in the family isstrongly influenced by

his or her character

6 Noteveryone believes that yourfavourite colour can

revealyourpersonality

7 The importance of interacting with babies

cannot underestimated

8 Emotional intelligence has being shownto be crucial

to success atwork

9 Most peopleare still thought that the school you go to

makes a difference to youreducational achievement

10 Testshave been beingcarriedoutto determine the

cause ofthe injury

11 You canbe found errorsin thetest results ifyou

look carefully

12 The report willhave been publishedbythe end of

the year

0 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs

in brackets Decide whether the verb should be active

or passive.

At school,children

(1) (judge)

accordingtoa narrow definition of intelligence They

(2) (give) testsbased on verbal(language­

based) andnon-verbal(recognition of patterns)intelligence Thisapproachto assessing intelligenceiscontroversial becauseaswe all (3) (know),there aremany other typesof intelligence, too Some children

(4) (excel) increativesubjects, such as art

or music, while others possess a high degree ofempathy

Unfortunately, these gifts (5) (overlook) inthe kind of tests used to predict pupils’ success at school It

(6) (show) that whileintelligence tests have alimited role to playin assessing pupils’ abilities, they do notreveal thecomplete picture Childrenof average intelligence who(7) (nurture) at home, for instance, willusually do muchbetter than predicted Similarly,a child whopossesses a positive attitude and work ethic

(8) (have) an excellent chance of success

Interestingly, some education systems

(9) (abandon) intelligence tests completely,whereas in others, they(10) (use) to this day

Mind, body and soul 13

4 You will hear a psychologist called Meera Khan talking

M about the rise in scamming where people are tricked

by others who are trying to make a profit through

deception Complete the sentences with a word or short

phrase.

1 Meera revealsthat complaints about scams have

increased by in recent

years

2 Meera talks about a woman called Amy whose

tickets for a turned out

to bea scam

3 Meera gives an example of a couple whose fake

websitewas used to sell

to people

4 Meera talks about a man called William who was

tricked into payingfora at

anon-existent company

5 Meera suggests people avoid paying by

when shoppingonline

6 One sign that someone might not be genuine is a

reluctanceto have a

withthe person they’ve contactedthrough a dating

website

7 Meera refers back to thefake government website as

an example of when having

can put people atrisk

8 In Meera’s opinion, arethe

best place to teach children to avoid being scammed

The missing words tend to be prepositions, conjunctions, determiners, auxiliary verbs, pronouns, etc Some gaps can be filled

by reading only the sentence, whereas for others, you will need to refer to the rest of the text

Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap Use only one word in each gap

There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example (0):most

The paradox of choice

Modernindustrial societies promote the view that choice equals freedom, and forthe(0) most part,that is true According to psychologist,Barry Schwartz,

(1) is indoubt isthe belief thatifsomechoice is good,morechoice must bebetter

Choice aboundsin every part of our lives: from which productto buy to whether to get married According to Schwartz, this over-abundanceof choiceispartly

(2) blame for the fact that depression andfeelingsof inadequacyare(3) therise.Multiple options offer people little or (4) benefit in termsof overallquality of life Companies have

(5) note of this: some major supermarketshavedecided to reduce thenumberof options available,

as it ismore profitable todo (6) , reducingcustomer confusion in theprocess

(7) oflowerpricesand better service, it led

to anxietyandconsumer inactivity In many areas of life,

it seems that havinga choice can sometimes causemoredifficulties than having (8)

14

Writing part 1

An essay

Try to include a range of complex sentence structures/

within your answers and try to use synonyms to I

Exam advice

Your class has listened toa podcast about how to encourage

people toadopt a healthy lifestyle

Ways to persuade people to adopt ahealthylifestyle

• Taxing unhealthyfood

• Education programmes

• Celebrity endorsements

Someopinions expressed inthediscussion

‘We should hitthem whereit hurtsmost - their pockets!’

‘Children should learn about healthy lifestyles at school.’

‘Most peoplewant to be like thefamous people they admire.’

Write an essay discussing two of themethods in your notes.You

should saywhichmethod you feel would be moresuccessful,giving

reasons in support of your answer

Youmay, ifyou wish,make use ofthe opinions expressed in the

discussion,but you should useyour own wordsas faraspossible

Essay: What is the most effective way

to encourage people to adopt a healthy

lifestyle?

Weall knowthat we should try andbe healthier in our lifestyle choices - fromexercisingmore to getting plenty of sleep and eatingmore fruitand vegetables But whatwe disagree onishowbestto convince others

tomake changes to their lifestyle In thisessay,Iwill consider two possibilities, namelytaxing unhealthy food and celebrityendorsements

Governments havethe optiontotax food and drink that are high in fat, salt or sugar,and several have already done so.Onthe one hand, thismayresultin some people choosing healthier products, in order to save money.However, one couldalsoargue that it is unfairtomake the livesofthe disadvantaged even harderby denying them the pleasure of the food they choose to eat and drink

0 Read this essay written by a student and then answer

the questions.

1 Inwhich part of the essay doesthe writer introduce their

own opinion?

2 In paragraph2, the writer mentionsa negative point about the

method being discussed.Howdo they avoid presentingthis

as their own opinion?

3 In paragraph3, doesthe writerpresent a negative point about

themethod being discussed? If so, what is it?

0 Find the following in the essay:

1 An example of emphasis

2 An adverb/verb collocation

3 An adverb used to express specific detailsofsomethingyou

just mentioned

4 Two synonyms for‘encourage’

5 Two examplesofthe passivevoice

6 Threewordsor phrases whichintroduce a contrast

Onewaythat healthy lifestyles could be encouraged

is byusingcelebrities to share information about how they keep themselves healthy through different types of media People ofall ages admirea rangeof sportsmenand women,film stars and singers, and their behaviour can stronglyinfluence ours.It is important, though, thatthey are seen to do activities and useproducts that are accessible to everyone,if this is tohavethe desired effect

In conclusion, myopinion is that of the two methods discussed, celebrityendorsement hasa greater potential to encourage people to adopt healthy lifestyles The main reason is thatitis a positive and aspirational approach rather than onethat deliberately targets thosewithfewer resources

0 What do the underlined words and phrases refer to?

1 so

2 their

3 the desired effect

4 the two methods discussed

5 one

6 those Mind, body and soul 15

Dependent prepositions

O Complete the sentences with a word from box A and a

preposition from box B.

1 Many universities now

businesses so that students can getsomepractical

experiencebefore theygraduate

2 Some companiesnow have a heavy

part-time staff tofill short-term vacancies

3 I think it’sa mistake for organisations not to

their staff by providinghigh-quality training

4 Ourmanager has asked usto

planningforthe next financial year

5 In the UK, it isagainst the law to

your employees taking sickleave

6 However you may be

a job, it is never a goodidea to lie

about your previousexperience

7 I would like to go into thisin more depth but I’m

the limited time wehave left

Adjective-noun collocations (1)

O Complete the adjective that collocates with the noun

in bold.

1 Carson & Co hasan excellentgraduate training

programme so there is f _ecompetition toget

a placeon it

2 In today’s jobmarket, you need s _t

skills to besure ofachievingjob security

3 Luke hasv _t experience in thefield of mechanical

engineering

4 To succeed in publishing, you needto be able to work

with ah _h degree of accuracy

5 Shannonhase _e knowledge of

intellectual property law

6 Jobsatisfaction has a p _ I impact onaperson’sworkethic

7 Our college hasan u _dreputation for

supporting more gifted learners

8 Young people nowadaysare underc _ t

pressure tosucceed intheir careers

9 Al e number of 18-year-olds still don’t know what theywant to do in life

10 There has been ac e increase in thenumber of students applyingto studymedicine

0 For each of the sentences in Exercise 2, choose an

adjective from the box which could replace the one you

wrote There may be more than one possible answer.

excellent expert extensive great heavy high huge intense large vast

2 There is a small chance we’ll get a payrise this year

3 James musthaveforgotten to lockthe office door Hewasthe lastone to leave

4 Thephotocopieris bound to break down- it always does when I’m in a hurry

5 Sarah just mightagree toswap shifts with me

6 Itis highlylikelytherewill besome kind ofindustrial action inthe new year

7 Luke isfairly likely to be made head of departmentwhen Lucy leaves

8 Our working hours could well be increasednext month

16

Complete the sentences with an expression from the box. Listening Part 3

any chance bound to could have

could well every possibility

more likely possible strong likelihood

1 There arethree

approaches to thistask

2 Is there you couldwork

latethisevening?

3 This be the most

successful project we’ve ever completed

4 Children are tolearn ifthey

are interested in the subject

5 There’s a that theworkers

will go on strike

6 Julie been referringto Pete

when she said that

7 Simonis be senton the

course - he’sthe boss’s favourite

8 There’s we’ll haveto make

people redundant

Find and correct the errors in these sentences.

Two sentences are correct.

1 Serge is highlyunlikely becomea doctor

2 Brooke mustn’t havestudied enoughor she would

have passed theexam

3 We well could goout ofbusiness ifthings

don’t improve

4 You might easy have mistaken George for his

cousin - theylook so alike

5 Abigail is boundtocomingtop in thetest - she’s

so smart

6 Charlie can’t have been running - hewasn’t even out

ofbreath

7 One ofthe possible reasonfor rising unemploymentis

lack ofconsumer confidence

8 The company couldconceivablyhireuptoten new

members of staff

Concentrate on the questions rather than the options Note down your own answer before choosing the option that best matches your answer

5 You will hear an interview with a man called

Mike Jennings who works as a tea taster and a woman

called Lara McDermott who imports tea to the UK Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.

1 What does Mikesay about how hegotinto tea tasting?

A He was bored ofthe jobhe wasdoing

B He was persuaded by a friendto tryit

C He unexpectedlydiscovered an interest in it

D Hisdegree subject preparedhim for it

2 According to Mike, whichfactor isthe mostimportant for a tea taster?

A experience of laboratory work

B basicscientific knowledge

C a good general education

D natural sensitivity

3 What reason does Mike gives fortastersdrinking their tea in anoisyway?

A It is part ofthetraditionalapproach

B They are usually alone when tasting

C They drink from a spoon nota cup

D Ithelpsthem with their evaluation

4 What does Larasay about top quality tea?

A It is made usingthe ‘cut, tear, curl’method

B Very little of it ends up inthe UK

C Most of it is usedtomake teabags

D It tends to have a strongerflavour

5 When asked about tea drinking habits intheUK, Laraexplains that

A young people aretrying alternativesto black tea

B fewer people takemilk and sugar intheir tea

C older people aremore likely to take sugar in tea

D most Britishpeople choose the samebrands

B the rateat whichcoffee drinkinghas increased

C the main reason tea remainsmore popular than coffee

D the way coffeeisperceived bythe British public

Career paths 17

Reading and Use of English Part 8

You are going to read an article about the history and future of the working week in the

UK For questions 1-10, choose from the sections (A-D) The sections may be chosen

more than once.

Which section

shows how tomake employees work better at thestart oftheweek?

explainsthe origins of long working hoursin theUK?

reports research showing output is notincreasedby longer hours?

suggests someemployees feel they are working too many hours?

givesanexample of somethingthat changed through workerstakingtimeoff?

mentionsthe beginningsof worker rights activism?

mentions potential alternatives to the 4-day week?

givesareason for a national-level change to theworkingweek?

outlines the benefits of the shorter working week?

describesthe findings of an internationalbody?

1

2 3

4

5 6 7 8 9 10

This part may consist of

a continuous text, a textdivided into sections or aseries of short texts

The ideas in different parts

of the text may appearsimilar so you

will need to read the relevant parts

in detail

A

The five-day working weekofMonday to

Friday has been established for so long

in theUK that we sometimes forget to

question it.ThestatusofMonday as the

most dreadedday of theweek is deeply

embedded in UKculture However, the

working weekhasn’t alwaysbeen this

way, andemployers andpoliticians are

aware thatthefive-dayweek isfar from

universally accepted elsewhere.So,

how did this currentworking pattern

come about and why are so many people

desperateto see it change?

The industrial revolutionoccurred in

Britain in the 18th to early19th centuries

Most work was seasonal and limitedby

daylight hours, andoncefactories had

beenbuilt, theirowners were reluctant

to see theirvaluable machinery lying idle

This meant it was common for workers

- even thoseunder18- todo 14 to

16-hour days Thestandard workingweek

wassix days as Sunday was dedicated

to religious observance, meaningthat

workers had very little time for fun

B

From the late18th century, reformersbegan to agitate for more manageable workinghours and,laws werepassed

in 1802and 1819, limiting the workinghours ofchildren to 12 per day It would be overahundred years before workinghoursforwomen andchildren were fixed at nine per day Adult men could still beforced to work unlimitedhours Eventually, theworking week went down to five anda half days before it was lowered further to the current five-dayweek

This workingpattern was reflected inEurope andthe United States wherethe industrial revolutioncontinued In

1926, the American car manufacturerHenry Ford wasoneofthefirst employersto give his workers a five- day workingweek, andthe UnitedStates government introduced thefive- day working week in1932 This was implemented to counter unemploymentcaused by the Great Depression

Across the world, therehave beennumerous trialsofthe four-dayweek Microsoft Japan tested it fora monthand reported a 40%

rise inproductivity, not tomention

ahappier workforce Research

by the Organisation for Economic Cooperationand Development,

aforum where the governments

of37 countries develop policies for sustainable economic growth,supports Microsoft’s findings Theleast productive countrieswere those withthe highest number

of workinghours Luxemburg, withanaverage workingweek

of only 29hours, was the mostproductive countrystudied Yet, the 40-hour working week is stillthenorm

D

So, what other alternativesare there to the 9 to 5 rat race? Thecompressedwork week involvesworking three long(10+hour days) While on the surfaceanattractiveoption, trials havefound the longer hours on the workingdaysnegate the benefits ofthe extra free days Variousways ofworking flexibly havebeen tried,and there are manyorganisations thathavesuccessfullyimplemented different types ofarrangement

Inany case, employers and employees all understandthe benefitsof ahappyworkforce

in economic and social termsand there are organisations that continue to campaignforthe four-day week to become the standard.Asurvey conducted bytheUK-based market researchgroup, Yougov, reported that 60%

ofBritish workers still work more than theywouldlike and 24%are overworkingby atleast tenhoursper week Althoughthe data showsthatfewer hours canlead to higher productivity, few employers haveacted on it byreducingworkinghours Campaigners believe that the 4-day week willonly become

a realitywhenthe UK governmentenacts legislation toenforce it

18

Writing Part 2

A letter

O Complete the letter written by an exam candidate with

a word or phrase from the box.

Follow letter-writing conventions, such as a

salutation (e.g., Dear Sarah), explain your

purpose for writing, use clear paragraphs

and an appropriate ending

O Read the Part 2 task and say whether these sentences

are True or False.

1 You haveto writealettertoa closefriend of yours

2 You need informationfrom the personyou are

writing to

3 Yourlettershouldbe addressed to Anna

4 Yourlettershouldbe formal in style

5 Youand Sarah workforthe same company

You have received a letter from an acquaintance.

I don’t know if you rememberme, but we met at

Manjit’sparty a few weeks ago I’ve justgot an

interview with the company where youwork

Could you give mesome advice abouthow to

prepare for it?What kind of questionsdo youthink

they mightask and whatkind of researchshould I do

beforehand? What should I wear to theinterview?

Maybe we could meet forlunch on theday?

My shout!

Thanks in advanceforyourhelp

Sarah

Writeyour letter in reply You do not needto write postal

addresses

collaboratively position missionstatement organisational policy team player short-listed workplace

DearSarah, Thanksfor your letter Congratulationson gettingan interview.Iknowlots of people applied forthe

(1) , so it’sa real achievement to evenget

(2)

When Ihad an interview, I took part ina group task.We were asked to work (3) to solve a problem What Ilearnt fromthefeedbackthey gave us was that they were less interestedin the solution than in howwe reachedit So, theadvice I’d give you is invite others to contribute and react positively totheir suggestions Try showing you’re confident, but also a (4)

In termsof research,I suggest you finding out what you canabout the company.You should go throughthe website carefully and make noteson the (5)

structure - who’s incharge, whatdepartmentsthere are, and so on You should alsoread the(6)

Thatshould give you anidea ofthe valuesand beliefs of the company It also received an award recently forits environmental (7) ,so that’s worthmention! Althoughit’s quite an informal (8) with peopleoften wearing jeans and aT-shirt, ’d advice you todress formally fortheinterview By‘formally’, mean a tailored skirt or trouser suit withaplain blouse Avoidto wear toomuch make-up or jewellery I really hope thishashelped If youdo want to get together, giveme a call Lunch sounds good! Allthe best Judith The underlined phrases are used for giving advice Are they used correctly? Correct any errors you find 1 Try showing

2 the adviceI’d give you

3 I suggestyou finding

4 You should go

5 that’sworth mention!

6 I’d advice you to dress

7 Avoid to wear

Career paths 19

Verbs followed by to + infinitive or the -ing form

0 Complete the extract from a blog post about weddings with the

correct form of the verb in brackets.

1 Some peoplepretend to be your friend but

will stab you in the

ifthey get the chance

2 Jack is sucha joker.He’salwayspullingmy

3 Good luck with your interview today Ill keep

my crossed

4 Our teacher sometimesturnsa blind

when studentseat

in class

5 I was quite reluctant to come to the party,but

Joshtwisted my

and herel am!

6 Megan isn’t feelingwell, soyou all need to

offandgivehersome space

0 Complete the missing word in the idiomatic

expression.

When my boyfriendsuggested

(1) (get)married,I honestly intended

(2) (stick)

to anagreedbudget for the wedding Although lots ofourfriendshad chosen

(3) (have)destinationweddings, inthe Caribbean for example, we

1 Ollie is a very argumentative boy - he’s always

trying to p _ fightswith other children

2 At break time, my job is to prevent students

fromj the

lunchqueue

3 Sorry I couldn’t take your call Iwas

t _up in meetings all afternoon

4 The robber got two years inprison, but

consideringhowmuch hestole, I thinkhe got

offl _

5 My grandfather hasbeen ill for a while but I

thinkhe’s finally on them

6 Id like to invite Jake to climbthe mountain

with me,but I’mnot surehe’s_to it

7 You getthe ticketsand I’ll getthesnacks

We can s uplater

8 You’ve been buying so many clothes lately, it’s

aw youcan affordto pay

0 Find and correct the errors in six of these sentences.

1 Would you mind to drop meoffatthehospital onyourway home?

2 Don’t putoff telling your parentsyou’re engaged.It wouldbeawfulif theyfound outfromsomeone else

3 Annie pretended having a degreefrom a top university in order

to get the job

4 My exams arenext week- Iexpectgettinggood gradesinEnglishand Frenchbutnotin Maths

5 Javier admitted bea little bit jealous of his brother’ssuccess

6 I refuseapologising fortelling the truth

7 I always enjoychatting to my cousin, Luke, atfamily events

8 You’re such a good speaker Would you consider join the debatingsociety?

9 Guests should avoidwearingeitherblack or white to weddings

in the UK

10 We attempted to set up a charity eventbutit turnedout tobetoo complicated

20

Listening Part 1 Reading and Use of English Part 4

Listen out for adjectives which may help you

to get an idea of a speaker’s opinion and

feelings They may help convey a speaker’s

disappointment, excitement, confusion or

other feelings about a situation

Exam advice

6 You will hear three different extracts For questions 1-6,

choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to

what you hear There are two questions for each extract.

Extract 1

Youheartwo friends talkingabouta holiday they went on

in Norway

1 The manand woman agree that

A thescenerytheysaw was beautiful

B a railwaythey travelledon was impressive

C the railway wasthebestway to see thecountry

2 What doesthe woman say aboutcycling

aroundNorway?

A Shecouldn’t afford both bike hireand

accommodation

B She would like to follow the same route as thetrain

C She’d rather cycle in a differentarea of thecountry

Extract 2

Youheartwo friendstalking about weddings

3 Which aspect of their wedding plans do the woman

and her fiance disagree on?

A the clothes they will both wear

B thefood they will serve

C where the wedding will beheld

4 What surprised the man mostabout a wedding

heattended?

A The themechosenbythebrideand groom

B Howmuch the couple spenton thewedding

C The numberof gueststhecouple invited

Extract 3

You hear a woman telling a friend about her scuba

divingexperience

5 Why wasthe woman reluctantto try scuba diving?

A She thought thatit was an unnatural activity

B Shewas concerned that it was somethingshe

couldn’tafford

C Shewas scared thatshe’d encounter sea creatures

6 How does the woman now feel about scubadiving?

A It’sawaste of money

B It’s easierthan expected

C It’saunique experience

If you use contracted forms such

as ‘don’t’ or ‘isn’t’, these count as TWO words

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given Do not

change the word given You must use between three and six

words, including the word given.

1 Richard didn’tletanyone helphimplan the party, but it was

3 It isnever possible tocancel bookings just before theevent

SHORT

Bookings cannot under any circumstances

4 Luisadid whatshe promised in spite of thedifficulties shefaced

WORD

Luisa succeeded although it wasdifficult for her

5 None of theothercomedians were anywhere nearas funny

asMax

FAR

Maxwas

comedian in the show

6 Iworked all dayand allnight forthe first timein my life

CLOCK

I had before

Reading and Use of English Part 7

You are going to read a magazine article about how the transition to adulthood is marked in different cultures Six paragraphs have been removed from the article Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6) There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

W hat legal or does it mean to official terms, ‘ come it means of age? to reach ’ In

the legal age of adulthood in the country

where you live However, different cultures

around the world have always celebrated

the transition from childhood to adulthood

with important ceremonies and events which

don’ t necessarily coincide with the individual

becoming a legal adult In the past,

rites of passage could be challenging,

painful or even dangerous.

1

Fascinating though this is, in this article I want to reflect on

what it means to come of age in an industrialised society in

the 21st century by sharing the experience of young people

I’ve spoken to One thing I discovered was that even those

who went through a coming-of-age ceremony rarely felt

more grown up simply as a result of the event

I * I I

Conversely, other young people consider themselves

adults long before any celebration of the end of childhood

The reality of the modern world is that lots of children are

deprived of a proper childhood due to circumstances

beyond their control The lack of an extended family to act

as a support network can mean that adult responsibilities

fall on young shoulders

Another common theme among the young people I spoke

to was that it wasn’t the day they turned 18 or 21 that made

them an adult, but rather a major life event such as passing

their driving test 19-year-old Ben explained that in his

village, children take the bus or get driven by their parents,

whereas adults drive themselves

4 .

Moving out of home to live with other young people or into university accommodation was the definition of coming of age for many of those I spoke to This of course didn’t happen overnight but was a process of growing

up over months or even years Learning to cook, pay bills and budget was a learning curve that turned them from carefree teenagers to responsible adults

The fact that this amount of effort is involved is probably why most people said that, as much as they enjoyed parties and ceremonies to celebrate coming of age, they didn’t really represent their personal transition to adulthood The consensus was, moreover, that since everyone is unique, each person’s journey towards being an adult will also be slightly different from anyone else’s

I 6 I I

What my conversations with these young people has highlighted is the disconnect between formal coming of age rituals and the lived experience of those participating

in them, at least in modern, industrialised societies In the future, perhaps we should focus less on formal ceremonies

on fixed days and more on celebrating the achievements

of young people as and when they occur

22

A In addition to learning suchpractical domestic skills, the needto

negotiatewith others,reach agreement and manage conflict is

a vital part of growing up.Manyexperience this asakey part of

the messy process, requiring hardwork and learning from one’s

mistakes, butresulting inmaturity

B Although leavingthefamily homelike this is still an important

rite ofpassageformany, celebratingitmight stigmatise themany

people who,for variousreasons, have to move back in with their

parents fora time afteryearsof independence

C This was certainly the experience of18-year-old Shannonfrom

Manchester, who has been a carer for hermother, Bridget, since

shewas just 10 ‘My 18th birthday lastmonth wasalittle strange

because I’d been functioningas an adult for years,’she explained

D Masai boys in Africa, for example, had to kill a malelion with just a

spear Similarly,boysof the Assyrianempire (1000-700 BC) had to

undergo 15 years’ hard training between the ages offive and20to

beconsidered a man

E 20-year-old Teresa from Texas, forinstance, celebrated her‘quinceahera’atthe age of15 (quinceahera literallytranslates as‘the girl who

is 15’) but it wasnot untilshe lefthometo go tocollege when shewas 19 thatshe actually made thetransition toadulthood

F Thiswide varietyof paths to adultlife has beenexplored through numerous filmsand books,showing how an individual’spersonality and circumstances lead to arange ofexperiences of whatcoming of age means

G This varied accordingto location.For 21-year-old LondonerTodd, it wasn’t so much how he got around thatmattered, but gettinga place of his own Due to the highcost of housing, for Todd- as formost other young people- this meantsharinga flat

Writing Part 2

A proposal

A proposal is a mix of factual

information and recommendations

suggestions and say what is

possible

Use persuasive language and a

range of modal verbs to make

O Read the proposal written by an exam

candidate Complete the gaps (1-8) by

choosing the correct persuasive language

phrases from the list below.

Proposal for Greenborough University graduation ceremony

Greenborough University’s first graduation ceremony will not only be for the new graduates, but it also provides a unique opportunity for the university to raise its profile among potential students (1) of this proposal is

to put forward ideas to make the most of this auspicious occasion.

(2) the university auditorium is not large enough to accommodate all the graduates and their families I would therefore recommend the Festival Theatre Its size and style make it a fitting venue for the occasion (3) , its proximity to the university makes it easy for guests to move onto the campus for the remainder of the day.

After the formal proceedings, stalls could be set up on campus to sell university merchandise and provide food and drinks A band could play live music This will (4) for both students and parents to mingle and take photographs.

a realneed provide an opportunity

The principal objective At present

must takeadvantage of Furthermore

What’smore I propose

0 Match the underlined words in the text with

their synonyms below.

chance to see all that the university has to offer, and also showcases the area.

The first three years

of Greenborough University have been a huge

success Now it

(8) its first graduation ceremony

to publicise the university’s courses and attract new students.

Events to remember 23

O Complete the blog post about living abroad with ONE

suitable word in each gap There may be more than one

possible answer.

519^

1 As soon asI heard about the newhybrid camera,

I knew I had to getone / it / this.

2 A: Has Freya got tickets for the ballettonight?

B:Yes, Ibelievesuch / so/yes.

3 There are three new moviesbeingreleased today,

all of them / which / those I’m desperate to see

4 Ive toldyou to practise this piece every day and

hope you will do it / this / so.

5 Ican’t sing in tune but Ireally wish I

con / could / did.

6 My daughter waschosento play a solo in the

school concert.So / This / Thesemadethewhole

familyproud

7 Dylan wasdisappointed to missthe exhibition,

butI assured him there would be

other / one / others.

8 That actorhas been intwo movies and was

excellent in both / those / oil.

9 Marcolost his toy elephant buthis dad bought

him one / another / it.

10 Do you want any chips? Stay there, I’ll get you

some / those / ones.

There are some things theysay everyone shoulddo in their lifetime One of (1) iswriting a book.(2) is living

in a different country I’mlucky enoughto have done

(3) of them.I’m notsureeveryonecoulddo the first

(4) ,but ifyou get thechance

to do thesecond, I’d encourage youto do

(5) You’ve probablyreadbooks about people (6)

lives have been changedbytheexperienceof extendedtravel,and it definitely changed

(7) Manypeople whofailed

to take the opportunity to live abroad find, much later in life, that they wish they (8) (9) decide to travel afterretirement and most of (10) have a wonderful experience

^^ Cross out the unnecessary words in these

sentences.

1 Maddy would have been a ballerina if shehad

had the opportunity to be aballet dancer

2 My uncle promised to take me to the Liverpool

gamebut he didn’t take me to theLiverpool game

3 I wassurewe would win the match but the rest of

theteamweren’t sure we wouldwin thematch

4 There are noart galleries in my town butI wish

there were some art galleries in my town

5 Ive never beento seean opera butId liketo go

andsee an opera

6 There wasan amazingcraft market in the square

last Sunday and nextSunday there will be

anotheramazing craft market in the square

7 Noor isn’thappy with hermusic classes buther

brother is happy with his music classes

8 Miss Nicholls asked Isaac to help clear up the

mess but he refused to help clear up the mess

Adjective-noun collocations (2)

O Choose the adjective initalicsthat best collocates

with the noun in bold.

1 There has been a fair / big amount ofinterest in

the ideaofstartinga drama club at school

2 Atremendous / highpercentage of students

choose to take music ordance classes

3 My hometown offers a valuable / an endless

range ofoptions forentertainment

4 The one timeI wasina play,Iforgot mylines.It

wasatruly terrible / tremendousexperience.

5 Oureducation system gives high / huge

importance to creativesubjects, which Ifeelis a

good thing

6 I started learning to playthe piano in August and

I think I’ve madesatisfactory / wide progress.

7 Joanna’s experience of working in radio will be

considerable / valuable for her future career

8 Universities look for studentswhohave

participated in a limited / wide varietyof extra­

curricularactivities

9 Sorry, I’m late Thetraffic was reallyheavy / high.

10 A: What’s thatterrible / heavynoise?

B: It’s my sister practising herviolin

O Decide if the adjectives and nouns in bold

collocate If not, replace the adjective Do NOT use

the adjective used with the noun in Exercise 1.

1 The governmentonly has alimited amount of

moneytospendonthearts

2 Students can take lessonsin a high varietyof

musical instruments

3 Milaismaking strong progress in her

drama class

4 We went on a walking tourof Edinburghand it

wasan amazingexperience.

5 Suddenly we heard a tremendous noise and ran

for cover

6 A wide percentage of thephotographswere

takenbychildren

7 There was big traffic on ourway to the theatre

so we were almost late

8 Most people don’t realise the tremendous

importance of introducing children to thearts

9 Ayesha has gained valuable experience in the

field of museum curation

10 The shophasa little range of film and

music posters

Reading and Use of English Part 5

Questions in Part 5 may focus on paragraph, word or whole text level Don’t worry if you don’t understand some of the words in a word-focused question - you will probably be able to work out the meaning by reading the surrounding sentences carefully

You are going to read an article about ballet Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

1 In the first paragraph, the writer expresses the opinion that

A Italiannot French should bethe language ofballet

B King Louis had a negative impact on ballet’s development

C Noverre’s influence has not received sufficient recognition

D Catherine de Medici’s role inballet’s developmenthas beenmisrepresented

2 In thesecondparagraph, which viewis expressedabout whymodern ballets were initially disliked?

A Theballets didn’t tellstories like classical ballets did

B Classical techniques such as ‘pointe’work were not included

C People weren’t ready for strongdisplays ofemotion

D People couldn’t comprehend the role the music played

3 In thethirdparagraph,what doesthe writer say aboutelitism in ballet in theUK?

A Balletis more accessiblethan itis perceivedto be

B Itis still veryapparentin spite ofindustry attempts to combat it

C It will only change when the cost of going to performances reduces

D Effortstowidenaccessto ballet have made a real difference

4 In the fourth paragraph, the writer shows surprise atthe fact that

A female dancers are expected toappear so light

B writers continue tocreatestereotypicalroles

C more boys are notinterested in doingballet

D there are not many women in management roles

5 Why doesthe writer use the phrase ‘inthrall’ in line 23?

A toemphasise the strong influenceballethas on audiences

B tosuggest audiences findballet difficult to understand

C to imply the strength and stamina of dancers is an illusion

D to remind readers of the royal origins ofthe dance form

6 What doesthe writer suggestabout thefutureofballet in the finalparagraph?

A Itis up to governments to ensure its futuresuccess

B There isachance the dance form might notsurvive

C The majorballet companies are not committed to change

D Ballet loversshould do more for thewidercommunity

Creative pursuits 25

As a young child learning ballet,

I was bemused by the language

the teacher used: plie, pas de chat,

jete. Having been told the words

were French, I assumed, wrongly

as it turned out, that France was the

country of origin of the dance form

In fact, it first emerged at the Italian

royal court in the 15th century;

it was Catherine de Medici, married

to the French monarch, who

financially supported the art form

in the French court, beginning an

association that lasts to the present

day A century after its introduction to

the aristocracy of France, another of

their number, Louis XIV the ‘sun king’,

standardised and popularised ballet

As a dancer himself, he raised its

status from enjoyable pastime to

profession Nevertheless, unlike many

commentators, I would give more

credit for the development of ballet

as we know it now to balletmaster

Jean Georges Noverre, who began

using the dance form to relate

popular tales

As with other art forms, Romanticism

started to heavily shape the

development of ballet in the

19th century This movement

concerned itself with the supernatural

world of spirits and magic, and

ballerinas were portrayed as passive

and fragile Around this time, another

superpower of the dance form -

Russia - entered the stage, producing

some of the greatest classical ballets

of all time, such as Swan Lake and

The Nutcracker The purpose was

to display classical techniques,

including pointe work (ballerinas on

tiptoe) and high extensions In my view, it was not so much the lack of plot or the intense focus on human emotion that made modern ballets unpopular with audiences when they were first introduced in the early 20th century They were probably more offended by the inharmonious music, whose meaning and

purpose they are likely to have misunderstood

Throughout its history, ballet has been accused of elitism, which in

my experience here in the UK is fully justified In Britain, it is generally the preserve of the wealthy or middle classes, and it is unlikely that a working-class individual will take

it up as a career This is partly a result of the perception of ballet as being part of an inaccessible world

- hardly surprising given its origins

in the royal courts While many UK ballet schools and companies have tried hard to diversify by offering scholarships to less affluent but talented dancers, the reality is that this is insufficient to attract any but the most determined The chances of working-class youngsters even being exposed to ballet are low, since live performances are prohibitively expensive and little coverage is given

to the art form on TV Since most ballet dancers begin their training at

a young age, what I’ve noticed is that

it is those whose parents are aware

of the dance form and have a high income who have access to classes

Like so many spheres of human activity, ballet has inherited a legacy of sexism As anyone who

has attended a ballet class will attest, females greatly outnumber males and in classical ballet at least, gender roles are fixed Two mainstays of ballet - lifting and pointe work - emphasise the strength of the male and the female’s need for support Dancing on tiptoe makes the woman look delicate and weightless I’ve always wondered why so few boys take ballet classes; after all, they appear strong and protective on stage If anything, it

is the women I would expect to be discouraged by the passive role allotted to them Conversely, senior management within the world of ballet is overwhelmingly male; sadly, only a few women have managed to break through the glass ceiling and become creative directors of ballet companies

The talent, strength and stamina of dancers have held crowds in thrall ine 23

for centuries, and to this day, ballet continues to fascinate and inspire Its regal beginnings and romantic associations set it apart from other types of dance; yet those involved

in ballet, here in the UK at least, still have work to do to make the art form accessible to all, or its very existence may be threatened It would be unrealistic to suggest governments should fund initiatives

to widen participation in the arts while other more basic needs are left unmet Instead, those who love ballet could be more proactive in enabling anyone with an interest

to get involved either as dancers or supporters Taking such steps could help secure the future of this beautiful art form

26

Listening Part 2 Complete the collocations with a word from below.

Before you start listening, read the sentences

carefully and note down what kind of words

might fit the sentence

7 You will hear a university lecturer called Jenny Warren giving

a talk about culture Complete the sentences with a word or

g short phrase.

1 Jenny gives someexamplesoffruits that don’t grow

in due to the

prevailing conditions

2 Jenny says that fast cooking techniques

are used in regionswhere the availability of

is limited

3 Jennyfeelsthatcomparing cultureto an

helpspeopleto understand what culture is

4 Jennylikes the exampleof

as a cultural

behaviourthatisn’t easy to pick upon

5 In thepopularmodel of culture that Jenny gives, she says

that acceptedbehaviour and beliefs are representedby the

of the tree

6 In Jurgen Bolton’smodel of culture,

are represented

by the bottom of the sand dune

7 Jenny givesan exampleof atraditional style of

, asan expression

of cultural identity by a particular group

8 Jenny givesthe example of

as alanguage which hasgained morespeakers after a period ofdecline

Writing Part 2

A review

Use adjectives and adverb/adjective combinations

to show your opinion, but remember that verbs, A

nouns and phrases can also reveal |

your feelings about what you are reviewing \

Exam advice

Look at the following WritingPart 2 (Review) task

REALITY TV REVIEWS WANTED

Send usa review of areality TVshow you’ve watched Tell us

what youthinkof the concept of the showand about the highs

(or lows)of a season you’ve watched - orrewatched - recently

Who is your favouritecharacterand why?

Write your review in 220-260 words.

reality plan basket endrecipe home bunch household

GreatBritish BakeOff (GBBO)is surprisingly addictive.Everyseasona group of amateur bakers fromallover Britaincompeteto be crowned Britain’sbest baker Why Ilike it isthat, unlikeother (1) shows, theaimis not toachieve either fame or fortune The prize is justa cake stand and a (2) offlowers, but people areproud totake part anddo it fortheexperience

There have been about 10 or 11 seasons of GBBO and I’ve beenglued to it from the veryfirst Thecontestantsare really relatable-you feellikethey could be your co-workers

or neighbours so youfind yourself rootingforthem

For me, the highlight of the seasonIve just watched was a challenge where they had tomake a picnic

(3) and fillit with food, but it was all madefrom cakes andbiscuits.The (4) results

werestunning: soimaginative and technically brilliant It

isalways disappointing, though, whenthingsdon’t goto

(5) Onemanmade an ice-cream cakeonascorching summer’s day;it melted, andhethrew it inthe bin

Thereare so many characters associated withGBBO.The judges and presenters are all (6) names

My absolute favourite isone ofthewinners whodid go

ontobe famous, NadiyaHussain She was justa typical

(7) bakerbut since winning, has gone on

to publish (8) booksand become a TVpresenter herself

Whether you’reintobaking or not,I highly recommend GBBOfor its creativity andexcitement

Read the review by an exam candidate.

Which adjectives has the writer used to describe the following?

1 GBBO

2 The contestants

3 The picnic baskets

4 Whenthings don’t go to plan

5 Thesummer’s day

6 Nadiya Hussain

^^ Find the expressions the writer uses:

1 to introduce her opinion (paragraph 1)

2 to sayshe hasn’tbeen abletostopwatching it (paragraph 2)

3 to sayyou feellike supporting the contestants(paragraph 2)

4 to give her opinion ofthe best part of the series (paragraph 3)

5 to saywhichcontestantshe preferred (paragraph 4)

6 to advise others to watch the show (paragraph 5)

Creative pursuits

Money words

0 Complete the missing letters in the money-related phrases.

Complex prepositions

0 Complete the sentences with a word from box

A and a preposition from box B You can use

the words in box B more than once.

account behalf aid exchange far

keeping means place regard

for from of to with

On the entire cast, Idliketo

welcome youto tonight’sperformance

That new building is just notin

the rest ofthe architecture in the area

The schoolchildrenhave been makingand

sellingChristmas cards in the

homeless shelter

Sophiegets to ride the horsesthree

timesa weekin cleaningout

thestables

In our usual warm-upband, we

are pleasedto welcomeThe Moonlighters!

The skatingclubis closing downon

the costs involved in

running it

This isnotthe first time Rupert has sung a

solo- it, in fact

Skiers aretransported tothe top of the

mountain by a pulley system

known asa ‘button lift’

I’mcalling with the mountain

bike you advertisedonthe Cycle World

website

1 Golfis my favouritesport, but unfortunately, itc a

f to join a club

2 A: Can Ip b_ c _?B: No, I’msorry It’scash only

3 I feel guilty that my parents had tot o _al to pay my universityfees

4 Alberto didn’t get the job I think he is justtoo modest to

s _h the way you needto in aninterview

5 It’spossible toe aI _bycollecting and sellingthings other people have thrown away

6 WhenIwas astudent, I used to m a quick b by playing mysaxophone at the underground station

7 In thesummer,we’re goingto r ahouse inthe mountains and h _acar to getus there

8 I’ll I you the moneyas long as you promise to p itb ' "

9 Look how enormous that house is The peoplethat live there must have m _to b _

10 I think it’ssad tosee peoplewho can’t a their medicaltreatmenttryingtor money online to pay for it

Money idioms

0 Match the money idioms with their meaning.

1 money doesn’t grow ontrees

2 paidpeanuts

3 holdthe pursestrings

4 pay through thenose

5 putyour money where your mouth is

6 spend moneylike water

7 rolling in money

8 pay my ownway

9 breakthebank

a not rely on others financially

b have topaytoo much for something

c verywealthy

d getavery low salary

e be more than you can afford to pay

f be careful with money as it islimited

g do somethingpositive instead ofjust talking

h be incontrol of the money

i be wastefulwith your money

Complete the sentences with an idiom from Exercise 3 in the

moment.First anew motorbike,thenallthose new clothes

and nowhe’s bought himself aguitar

3 I’d liketo buysome newsoftware but it’sthe head of

departmentwho

and I’mnotsure she’llagree

4 Buyingtheatretickets through an agentcan mean you

- it can be

cheaper to buy direct from the box office

5 Have you seen thehouse Salman’s parents live in?

It’s massive! They must be

6 No,you can’t have anewXbox

, youknow!

7 It’seasy to go onabout what should be done to help the

poor Instead, why don’t you

8 It wasvery kind ofJeff toofferto pay for the

whole holiday,butpersonally,I like to

Grammar

Linking ideas: relative and participle clauses

Join the two sentences using a participle clause Example:

I’m afitness fanatic Igo to the gym everyday

0 Complete the sentences with a relative pronoun in each

gap If the pronoun is optional, put brackets around it Add

commas to the sentence if needed.

1 The TV channel people watch mostisthe one

withnoadvertisements

2 The man cafe wentout of business lastyear

has opened anew one

3 Mean Girls was released in 2004 was a typical

American high schoolmovie

4 Mr Bean wasa TVshow wasloved by adults

and children alike

5 The youth club my parents met in the 1990s

is still populartoday

6 My elder brother was always fixing things

around the house has just qualifiedasanengineer

7 Have you ever metanyone hasa black belt

in karate?

8 Parkour is similartofree runningcan be

quitedangerous

9 The trainers I wanted are too expensive

10 Harlan Coben books Ilove is an

Linking ideas: apposition

0 Cross out any unnecessary words in these

Reading and Use of English Part 1 Read the sentence with the gap carefully and

Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D)

best fits each gap There is an example at the beginning (0).

Example:

0 A head (8) mind C brain D thought

think of a possible answer before checking the options If a possible answer you thought of isn’t there, choose the closest one to your idea

Mini golf goes hi-tech

When someone mentions mini-golf, what comes to (0) 15 ? For many olderBritish people, it is associated withseasideholiday resorts of their childhood.Well, mini-golfhas undergonea (1) over the last few years, and Puttshack’s newvenues are afar (2) fromthecheap and cheerful mini-golfcourses of the past

Puttshack offersahi-tech gaming experience suitable forthe 21st century Theelectronic scoring systemensures that you will never (3) count of the score.Sensors record every shotyou take, an approach that (4) thatcheating isimpossible,meaningthatyou never need to (5) a blind eye toyour friend’sextra stroke

Mini-golfis a fun night out which (6) a balance between skilland fun And evenifyou’ve never had a (7)

desire to play a traditional round,Puttshack’s fun but affordable experiencemakes it somewhere even complete novices canreally

(8) into the great gameof mini-golf

1 A transfer B conversion C transformation D shift

Listening Part 4

8 You will hear five short extracts in which

people are talking about taking part in

different events for charity.

TASK ONE

Choose from the list (A-H) the main reason

each speaker gives for taking part in the event.

A to show appreciation for some help

B to raise money for specific equipment

C to encourage others to fundraise

D to overcome a fear

E tocelebratethe life of alovedone

F to raise awareness of an issue

G to make a friend proud

H to fulfil apersonal ambition

There are two main approaches to this task:

focusing on task one the first time you listen and task two the second time, or dealing with both tasks simultaneously Try both approaches and find out before the exam which works best for you

TASK TWO

Choose from the list (A-H) the way the speaker feels about their event now.

A proud of their achievement

B disappointed it didn’t gowell

C excited abouta further similar exploit

D worried about the consequences

E relieved that they survived

F sad aboutothers’reactions

G happy about anunexpected outcome

H frustrated by delays

30