Pathways 2 listening speaking pdf

? [PDF] Pathways 2 – Listening and Speaking (Second Edition) ✅ Tài liệu luyện kỹ năng nghe – nói tiếng Anh trình độ trung cấp (B1-B2) ? Tổng hợp đầy đủ 10 unit theo chương trình chính thức của National Geographic Learning. ? Tích hợp kỹ năng tư duy phản biện (critical thinking) – nền tảng quan trọng để thi IELTS, TOEIC Speaking, học đại học hoặc giao tiếp học thuật. ? Audio bài nghe chuẩn giọng Mỹ, rõ ràng, kèm bài tập thực hành mỗi phần. ? Phù hợp cho học sinh – sinh viên – giáo viên tiếng Anh, luyện thi và tự học. ? Tài liệu chất lượng cao – trình bày rõ ràng, dễ in ấn hoặc học trực tiếp trên máy tính/điện thoại. ? Từ khóa: Pathways 2 Listening Speaking PDF, luyện nghe nói tiếng Anh, sách học tiếng Anh B1 B2, National

i" AIHWAYS common :

Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking

Pathways, Second Edition is a global, five-level academic English program

Carefully-guided lessons develop the language skills, critical thinking, and

learning strategies required for academic success Using authentic and

relevant content from National Geographic, including video, charts, and

other infographics, Pathways prepares students to work effectively and

confidently in an academic environment

NEW in Pathways: Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking

«= Explicit instruction and practice of note-taking, listening, speaking,

grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation develop language proficiency

and build academic skills

= Slide shows of lectures and presentations enhance listening activities

and develop presentation skills

= Exam-style tasks prepare students for a range of international exams,

including TOEFL° and IELTS

PATHWAYS ize

Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking

BECKY TARVER CHASE

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC LEARNING Australia + Brazil + Mexico + Singapore « United Kingdom « United States

NATIONAL

GEOGRAPHIC

LEARNING

Pathways 2: Listening, Speaking, and © 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company

Critical rhlnlking, 2nd Edition ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright herein Becky Tarver Chase may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as

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@ Marcas Registradas

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Cover photo: A road winds through the

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Printed in China

Print Number: 05 Print Year: 2020

Index of Exam Skills and Tasks 227

R Scope and Sequence

Unit Title & Theme

1 HEALTHY LIVES page 1

A Conversation about Allergies

page 21

Technol

CULTURE AND TRADITION page 41

Sociology

Lesson A

A Radio Show about Al

= + Using Abbreviations Can Robots Learn to Be More

A Lecture about Cowboys Listening (with slide show) + Using a Numbered List

==

Faces of India Lesson B

‘An Assignment about Music

Lesson A for Problems

ATalk about the Itaipu Dam tions ATHIRSTY WoRLD _ \ithsideshow) « Usinga T-Chart

Dam-Release Rafting Lesson B

‘A Discussion about the Ogallala Aquifer

Lesson A + Listening for Reasons and

A Podcast about Exercise and Explanations INSIDETHE BRAIN ‘€8!2i (with side show) acording the Steps ina

3-D Brain Scans

Psychology A Discussion about Memory,

Learning, and Emotions

Speaking & Presentation Yocabulary Grammar &.Pronunciation Critical Thinking

+ Keeping a Conversation Going + Practicing Your Presentation Lesson Task

Presenting Healthy Habits Final Task

Participating in a Discussion about

Focus Interpreting Visuals

‘Analyzing, Applying, Organizing Ideas, Personalizing, Predicting Prior Knowledge, Reflecting

Reflecting

+ Asking for and Giving Clarification Keeping a + The Past Continuous Focus + Using Good Posture Vocabulary + Reduced Function Activating Prior Knowledge

Presenting a Kind of Music

+ Asking for and Giving Opinions Recognizing + Active and Passive Voice Focus + Speaking at the Right Volume Suffixes + Suffixes and Syllable Prioritizing Lesson Task

Presenting a Clean Water Device Final Task

Role-Playing a Meeting

Stress

Analyzing, Applying, Evaluating Interpreting a Map, Organizing Ideas, Personalizing, Predicting, Prior Knowledge

ñ Scope and Sequence

The Food and Culture of Oaxaca ACADEMIC TRACK: Lesson B

Health & Nutrition ea

Psychology Lesson A + Listening for Transitions

8

WONDERS FROM

THE PAST page 141

ACADEMIC TRACK Archaeology/Anthropology

5

SPECIES SURVIVAL page 161

ACADEMIC TRACK Life Science

10

ENTREPRENEURS

AND INNOVATORS page 181

Lesson A + Listening for Examples

‘A Guided Tour of Uxmal «Recording Examales [vino]

Sarah Parcak: Space Archaeologist and Egyptologist Lesson B

Lesson A + Distinguishing Facts and

‘Presentation about a Success Opinions Story (with slide show)

Reo

+ Interrupting and Returning to

a Topic + Starting Strong

Lesson Task

Participating in a Group Discussion

Final Task

Presenting a Marketing Plan

ie Grammar & Pronun:

+ The Real Conditional:

Present and Future + Intonation: Finished and Unfinished Sentences

+ Using Transitions Using Affectand + Gerunds as Subjects Focus

+ Speaking at the Right Pace Effect and Objects Predicting Exam Questions

Interviewing a Partner about an Syllable Stress Review Analyzing, Applying, Evaluating,

Interpreting a Map, Making

Natural Disaster

+ Summarizing Using - The Passive Voice with Focus

+ Talking about Causes and Effects Identfying + Phrasal Verbs Focus

+ Timing Your Presentation the Correct + Stress in Multi-Syllable Personalizing

Presenting a Research Proposal

+ Rephrasing Recognizing +The Present Perfect and Focus

+ Thinking about Your Audience Adjectives and Signal Words Interpreting Data

Final Task

Presenting a New Product + Thought Groups Organizing Ideas, Personalizing, interpreting Quotations,

Prior Knowledge, Ranking, Reflecting

Introduction to Pathwa

Pathways Listening, Speaking, and Critical Thinking, Second Edition

uses compelling National Geographic stories, photos, video, and

perspective on the unit theme and further practice of

listening and critical thinking skills

viii

Listening Skils

reactions!" sneezing, ching, and brething problems

Listening passages

UPDATED Explicit listening skill

ents to listen and take r

nic settings

Speaking and Presentation Skills

A Final Task allows learners I

to consolidate their Speaking

collaborate on an academic

presentation * FINAL TASK

+ -

Awéman runs up

§— stadium stairs

1 Whatis the woman in the photo doing? Why do you think she's doing this?

2 Doyou consider yourself healthy? Why or why not?

LISTENING Liste

SPEAKING K CRITICAL THINKING

Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica

EXPLORE THE THEME

Look at the photos and read the information

Then discuss these questions

1 Which Tip) for Living a Long, Healthy

Life is the person or people in each photo

practicing?

2 Which of these tips do you practice now?

Which tip(s) do you want to start practicing?

3 What are some other things people can do to

live long, healthy lives?

4 Would you like to live to be 100 years old or

older? Why or why not?

=

This map shows some places around the world where an unusually high percentage of the population

is 100 years old or older The people in these places share some healthy lifestyle habits such as eating

well and getting daily exercise Here are some tips that can help you live a long, healthy life, too

Eat a healthy diet that includes a lot of fruits and vegetables

Exercise for at least 30 minutes a day, five days a week,

Get enough sleep Try to sleep at least seven hours a night

Spend time with friends and family

Think positive and be grateful for the people and things in your life that make you happy

Manage stress Find ways to relax and have fun

Don't smoke.

Sardinia, Italy Okinawa, Japan

Elviralbbaand An87-yearold

lively conversation Pes

+ Men don't have alot of stress in + A positive attitude leads to a healthier life

their lives, and stress can cause + Their diet is very healthy It consists of a lot of high blood pressure vegetables

+ Working outdoors provides daily exercise, + Healthy habits help prevent health problems

‘blood pressure (n): The force with which your blood flows around your body Blood pressure can be notmal, low, o {@)HEA Listen to the information Check (“) the words and phrases in blue in the T-chart as you hear them,

Write each word or phrase in blue from exercise A next to its definition

1, _(n) difficulty in life that makes you worried

24 — (phrasalv) is made up of

(n) things that you do often or regularly

`

6 ——————W)tomake something happen

7, — W)gjwessomething or makes it available

W)tostop something from happening

9, _(n) the foods you eat regularly

10, _(n) a feeling about someone or something

1B) Complete each sentence with the correct form of a word or phrase from exercise C

1 In Okinawa, good food and healthy habits may ——————————heath

problems

2 My father always thinks he's going to get sick, but | have a more positive

-| tell myself 'm going to stay healthy!

3, My grandmother is 90 and very healthy | thinkshe to live to 100

4 Ed has alot of in his life right now | think he needs to relax more

5, Ahealthy lifestyle _ good food, regular exercise, plenty of sleep,

and time with family and friends

6 The typical Sardinian includes a lot of fish and fresh vegetables

7 Eating too many burgers can health problems

8, Smoking isa very bad _ You should quit

9 Today a lot of people in the United States suffer from heart

It'sa very common illness

10 Grandchildren can comfort and happiness to their grandparents

1 What other cultures do you know of that have a very healthy diet?

2 What are some ways that people can prevent health problems such as heart

disease and cancer?

3 Why do you think women are more likely to live to 100 than men?

4, What habits do you think can help you live a long, healthy life?

| Find out how likely you are to live to be 100, Check (¥) Yes or Nofor each question PERSONALIZING Then work with a partner and take turns asking and answering the questions Explain

your answers Then look at the information at the bottom of the page

QUESTIONNAIRE: HOW LIKELY ARE YOU TO LIVE TO BE 100?

Yes

1 Do you have only a little stress in your life?

2 Does your diet include a lot of fruits and vegetables?

3, Do you exercise for 30 minutes a day or more?

4, Has anyone in your family lived to be 90 or older?

HEALTHY Lives 5

Listening A Talk about Preventing Heart Disease

The World Health Organization encourages employers to support healthy lifestyles for their employees Inviting public health nurses to speak at companies is one way

of doing this

1, Public health nurses take care of one person at a time

2 Public health nurses take care of whole communities of people

+ +

3 Public health nurses sometimes do their job by visiting companies T

| 4 Tonight's talk will mostly be about the work of public health nurses ©

PREDICTING {)B) Work with a partner Discuss this question: Which of these topics do you expect to

hear about in the talk about preventing heart disease? Check (Y) your ideas

[blood pressure exercise Osocial life

some techniques you can use to help you identify main ideas:

+ Listen carefully to the beginning of a talk Most speakers will mention the main

idea in their introduction

+ Listen for repetition Speakers often repeat key words and phrases to emphasize their main ideas

6 UNIT1 Lesson A

D io Read the questions below Then listen again and check (“) the correct LISTENING FOR

1 What advice does the nurse give for preventing heart disease?

Cl Get your blood pressure checked 0 Eata healthy diet

Cl Get enough exercise OB Quit smoking

C1 Drink a lot of water C1 Read about heart disease

C Deal with stress in healthy ways C1 Don't work too much

What does the nurse say are some common causes of heart disease?

C1 high blood pressure smoking 1 livingalone L] highbloodsugar

E [EEE Listen again and choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence LISTENING FOR

DETAILS

1 According to the nurse, if you have high blood pressure, you might need

to

a, lose some weight b get more sleep

2 According to _, healthy eating habits can keep your weight and your blood pressure down

a medical journals b government reports

To deal with stress, the nurse suggests going for a walk or

a practicing yoga b listening to music

AFTER LISTENING

CRITICAL THINKING: F) Work with a partner Discuss these questions

REFLECTING

1 What new information did you learn from the talk?

| 2 Do you plan to take any of the nurse's advice? Explain

hour=+ hours— lie->likes provide-» provides habit-> habits

Fa word ends in an /4/,/ƒ/,/2/,/đ/, or /W/ sound, an -s or -es ending is pronounced /az/ (or/1z/) and adds a syllable to the word

bus buses wash -> washes exercise» exercises

Read the sentences below Underline the words that end in -s or -es Write the

number of syllables above each word, Then listen and check your answers

1 Frank exercises every day He plays sports and lifts weights

2 There are 16 doctors and 37 nurses at the hospital

3 leat pears, peaches, and other kinds of fruit almost every day

4, Stress causes alot of health problems

5 The yoga class begins when the teacher closes the door

Work with a partner Take turns reading the sentences from exercise A Pay attention to the pronunciation of the underlined words

There are many expressions to talk about frequency Here are som

once twice + a(n) hour/day/week/month/year three times

Frequency expressions can come at the beginning or end of a sentence

Jexercise three times a week

Twice a year, Anita takes a vacation with her family

‘We also use every to talk about frequency

every + hour/day/week/month/year/Monday//six months / five years

Every Saturday, we play tennis:

1go to the dentist every six months

We use questions with How often ?to ask about frequency

A: How often do you visit your grandparents?

B: Twiceayear

A; How often does Michael go to the gym?

B: Three times a week.

Work with a partner Take turns asking and answering these questions Use expressions PERSONALIZING

of frequency in your answers

How often do we have this class?

How often do you see your best friend?

How often do you go to the doctor?

How often do you exercise?

How often do you speak to your parents?

wewne

Work with a partner Look at the photo and read the information about Dr Levine's CRITICAL THINKING: treadmill desks Then discuss the questions that follow ANALYZING

Dr James Levine of the Mayo Clinic says that most people do far too much sitting

in the course of their day, He invented the treadmill desk so that more people can

exercise while they work In the photo above, an office worker uses a treadmill desk

to walk while he works on a computer

1 What is the man in the photo doing?

What effect might this have on his health?

3 How often do you take a break and move around when you are studying or working

at a computer?

4, What advice might Dr Levine give? Write a list of things you think he might tell

people Use expressions of frequency

Everyone should exercise at least three times a week

HEALTHY Lives 9

eo Perec Reece

CRITICAL THINKING: |) Work ina group Take turns interviewing each other about your exercise routines Use

APPLYING questions with How often and expressions of frequency Take notes in the chart

|

A: What do you do to stay fit?

B: Not much, but | ike kayaking

C: Really, how often do you go kayaking?

B; About once a week in the summer

F) With your group, report your findings from exercise E to the class Use expressions of

frequency and pay attention to your pronunciation of words that end in -s and -es

> Alberto doesn't exercise much, but he likes kayaking He goes about once a week

in the summer

YO UNITI LESSON A

LESSON TASK Presenting Healthy Habits

a You are going to give a presentation about your healthy habits Listen to

the example Check (7) the four parts of the presentation as you hear them

1 O Anintroduction

2 C1 Information about personal health and exercise habits

3 C1 Plans for staying healthy in the future

4 Cl Aconclusion and a thank you to the audience for listening Plan your presentation, Write notes to answer these questions Remember to include the four parts listed in exercise A

1 What do you do every day to stay healthy?

2 How often do you exercise?

3 What kinds of exercise do you do (e.g., yoga, walking, jogging, and so on)?

4, How do you plan to stay healthy in the future?

PRESENTATION SKILL Practi Before giving a presentation, it’s important to practice it This will help you with timing, pronunciation, and confidence If possible, practice it a few times Aska classmate, friend, or family member to listen to your presentation and provide feedback Practicing in front of a mirror is also helpful

Work with a partner Take turns giving your presentations to each other for practice

Make sure your presentation includes the four parts listed in exercise A

'D) Give your presentation to the class

People ride bicycles

in Stanley Park,

Vancouver, Canada

ORGANIZING IDEAS

PRESENTING

you turn to modern rr

er tried traditional medicine such as acupuncture? Explain

of medi

orks better, modern or traditional? Explain

B Work with a partner and match each word with its definition You may use a dictionary

You will hear these words in the video

1 nerve (n) a an unpleasant feeling caused by an injury or illness

2 sting (v) b to puta liquid into a person’s blood or under the skin with

anee

3, _ therapy (n) c a part of the body that carries messages between the

brain and other parts of the body —— inject (v) d tocut into the skin, usually with venom (poison)

5 —— pain (n) e, treatment of an illness over time

1 Mr.Chen 2 Hso-rong Chen 3 Mr Chen's wife

a had arthritic pain; could not cook b. _has multiple sclerosis; couldn't move for six months

c. bee-sting therapy master; used to be afraid of bees

“E) ESE watch the video again and complete the sentences below with the numbers UNDERSTANDING

1 Every week, Mr Chen and his assistants treat patients and

sacrifice honeybees

2 After bees, you will look years younger than your

contemporaries

3 Many think it is based on the -year-old practice ofacupuncture

4 After _ months, Mr Chen’s wife's red blood cell count increased Her

1 What information from the video did you find most surprising? Explain

2 What other kinds of traditional or natural medicine do you know about? What kinds

of illnesses do they cure?

HEALTHY Lives 13

h Vocabulary

MEANING FRoM ÍÑ) Ï8ŸfÏ Lookatthe diagram Then read and listen to the information Notice each

CONTEXT word in blue and think about its meaning

ALLERGIES What are allergies? If you have an allergy to something, you become sick, or have an

allergic reaction, when you eat, smell, or touch it Many people are allergic to pollen’ The diagram below shows what happens when there is an allergic reaction to pollen

1 First, pollen enters the body through

the nose or mouth

2.Second, the body's immune system responds to the pollen with IgE antibodies’ These antibodies attach toa mast cell A mast cells a cell that usually defends your body against health problems

3 The next time the same pollen enters the body, the IgE antibodies “tell” the mast cell The mast cell “thinks” there isa problem and tries to defend the body

4, When this occurs, the mast cell produces substances in the body that cause allergic reactions such

as sneezing, itching, and breathing problems

ipollen (n):a powder produced by flowers to fertilize other flowers

‘antibodies (0): substances your body produces to fight disease

|B) write each word in blue from exercise A next to its definition

1 ————— (n) the smallest part ofan animal or plant

2, W tojoin or connect to something Am

% ———— W)feact by doing something

"mm

6 ——————— W)happens

14 UNITI LESSONB

VOCABULARY SKILL Understandir

ning from Context Its often possible to guess the meaning of a new word by paying attention to the other information around it, or the context, For example, in this excerpt from exercise A, if you don't know the word reaction, knowing that sneezing, itching, and breathing problems are examples of reactions can help you guess its meaning,

When this occurs, the mast cell produces substances in the body that cause allergic reactions sich as sneezing, itching, and breathing problems

€_ ff]EÃ Read and listen to the information Notice each word in blue and think about MEANING FROM

meaning Use the context to help you Then write each word in blue next to its CONTEXT

definition below

ALLERGIES AND THE HYGIENE HYPOTHESIS

Many people work very hard to keep their houses clean But can too much

cleanliness cause health problems?

One theory is that dirt is good for us, Dirt on farms, for example, contains substances that exercise our immune systems when we're very young Research shows that allergies are not common among people who live with farm animals,

Of course, there are many causes of allergies For example, if your parents have allergies, you're more likely to have them, too, The stress of modern life could be another cause But if the hygiene hypothesis is correct, it might be a good idea to have a cow at your house—or at least not to worry so much about cleanliness

1, — _(w has something inside

3 — (n)workthat involves studying something

——— (n)an idea used to explain something

A Conversation about Allergies

BEFORE LISTENING

1] Read part of a conversation Then discuss the questions below with a partner

Raymond: I've been heating a lot more about allergies lately | had no idea they

were so serious and so common!

Elena: Right, and | was surprised to learn that when allergic reactions occur,

the physical process is pretty much the same—whether it’s a reaction to pollen or to peanuts

1 What is Elena surprised about?

2 Why might a food allergy, for example an allergy to peanuts, bea serious problem? WHILE LISTENING

LISTENING FOR Listen to the conversation What two things are the speakers most concerned

MAIN IDEAS about? Check (Y) your answers

CO air pollution D asthma O cats O chocolate O food allergies

NOTE-TAKING SKILL

‘When you take notes, you won't have enough time to write down every word that you hear Don't try to write full sentences Instead, listen carefully in order

to understand and write down only key words and phrases that will help you

remember the most important ideas

You hear: Fortunately, I respond well to my asthma medication It works really quickly, and | always take it with me

You write: asthma medication, works quickly

FD) Listen again Take notes using only key words and phrases to answer each question

NOTE TAKING

1 When are Elena's seasonal allergies a problem for her? _2Pring + early summer _

2 Which things are bad for Elenas asthma?————————————

3 What kind of food policy does the speaker campus have?———————————

4 When did the number of people with food allergies grow quickly?

5, What percentage of children have food allergies nowadays? —————————————

16 UNITI LESSON 8

AFTER LISTENING

CRITICAL THINKING Interpreting Visuals

Visuals, such as graphs, maps, charts, and infographics, are used to show information ina clear way To interpret a visual, first look at the title Then use the legend or key

to understand what the different colors, symbols, and other elements mean For line graphs and bar graphs, look at the labels on the horizontal axis and vertical axis

1D) Look at the bar graph and discuss the questions below with a partner CRITICAL THINKING:

Foodallergy Skin allergy Respiratory allergy’

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Respiratory allergies (9): alleraies that are caused by pollen, dust, pets, ete What does this bar graph show?

What does the vertical axis show? What does the horizontal axis show?

What information does the yellow bar show?

Which is the most common type of allergy among children 0-4 years old?

Which age group suffers the most from respiratory allergies?

Which type of allergy is more common among children 5-9 years old: skin allergies or respiratory allergies?

Which type of allergy shows the smallest difference between age groups?

What percentage of children between 10-17 years old have a food allergy?

Do you or people you know have any allergies? Explain

2 What information from the bar graph surprises you?

3 The speakers from the conversation mentioned a campus food policy Do you think it’s important for organizations to have policies like this? Explain

4 Do you think this information about food allergies will affect your life? For example, will you think or do anything differently? Explain

HEALTHY Lives 17

H Speaking

Keeping a conversation going is considered polite and is an important skill in social and business situations Here are some ways to help keep a conversation going:

nversation

'eping a

+ Show the speaker that you are listening and are interested in what they are saying,

A: m going to Australia this summer

B:Oh, really? That’ interesting!

+ Aska follow-up question about something the speaker said

What are you going to do there?

Hows the weather there in July?

+ Avoid yes/no questions Use wh- questions instead, Wh- questions require speakers

to give more information in their answers

What do you think about that?

How often do you take a vacation?

EVERYDAY LANGUAGE Asking about Personal Experience

Do you know anything about ? What about you?

Have youever ? Does anyone in your famnily ?

|A Read the conversation Then practice it with a partner,

A: [really enjoy listening to live music Really? Where do you go for live music?

Sometimes | go to concerts My brother played in a school concert last Saturday

That sounds nice, What instrument does he play?

He plays two—guitar and mandolin

Wow That's great! What about you? Do you play any instruments?

KEEPING A (B) With your partner, take turns suggesting topics from the box below, or choose CONVERSATION your own ideas Practice keeping the conversation going, Use the information and

GOING questions from the Speaking Skill and Everyday Language boxes to help you

education friendship interesting places/travel_ music sports exercise healthy food —_jobs/careers phone apps youridea A: Let's talk about interesting places

8: OK What interesting places have you visited?

‘A: Well, Iwent to Costa Rica with my sister last summer It was amazing!

8: Really? What did you do there?

18 UNIT1 LESSON 6

FINAL TASK Participating in a Discussion about Health

A) Work in a small group Read the information about participating in a group discussion

Then choose one of the topics from the chart below for your group to discuss

B) Take a few minutes to think about your group's topic and what you would like to say

about it during the discussion Write down key words and phrases in your notebook to

help you remember your ideas

A patient receives acupuncture therapy in Hangzhou, China

Vhich skill in this unit was most useful for you? Why? _3 Here are the vocabulary words and phrases from the

unit Check (¥) the ones you can use

Diattitude mm Cidefend Oprovide

2 What information about health from this unit wi Obe likely Odi Oresearch am

» TECHNOLOGY

TODAY AND TOMORROW

LISTENING Identifying Important Details 1 Whatare the people in the photo doing? Have you ever

Denese tou tried this game or other games for mobile phones?

Stressed Content Words think you will learn about in this unit?

CRITICAL THINKING Synthesizing

2

Look at the photos and read the information Then

discuss these questions

Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is a

machine*s ability to “think” and

perform tasks that are typically done

by human beings Although AI may

Pee cue mute teary

decides that keeping itself “alive” is

more important than the lives of the

_ ng

lộ D

Alan Turing (far left) proposes the

Turing test to determine a computer“s

Vocabulary

MEANING FROM (fA) ERIEEEE Read and listen to the information Notice each word in blue and think about

CONTEXT its meaning

Timeline of Al History

1950 ©

1950: In |, Robot, a book of fictional’ short stories by Isaac Asimov, the makers of robots command them not to harm humans The robots, however, sometimes create their own

1960 rules depending on the circumstances

1950s: Computers become a practical tool for doing calculations quickly, and since they don't

1970 make any mistakes, they are more reliable than

humans

1956: Researchers at Dartmouth College say they intend to study “artificial intelligence” during a

180 two-month summer conference

1997: A computer called Deep Blue wins a chess match against world champion Garry

1990 Kasparov, and it’s clear that computers can go

beyond just following instructions and can

actually “think" for themselves In the past, programmers had to instruct computers in great detail and tell them exactly what to do

2000

2011: A computer called Watson replaces one

of the humans competing on the TV quiz show Jeopardy!—and wins! Watson is capable of

oD understanding spoken questions,

2016: Google puts together a group of engineers

in Switzerland to research “machine learning,” an important part of artificial intelligence $3/400

2020 QO

fictional 7

24 UNIT2

® complete each question with a word from the box Use each word only once

capable (adj) instruct @) intend (v) reliable (adi) replace (v)

1 Doyou think computers are usually _ or do they often not work?

2 What are some of the things most computers are _ of doing?

3 In what kinds of jobs do you think robots might _ human beings?

4, What does your English teacher often_———— the class to do?

5 What doyou _to do after class?

(© Work with a partner Take turns asking and answering the questions from exercise B

(BD) Match each word with its definition

1 —— command () a.to tell someone or something what they must do

2, cifcumstances (n) b useful or sensible

3 practical (adj) c fanher than

4 ——artiical (adi) d.conditlons which affect what happens in a

situation

5, _beyond (prep) e created by human beings, not by nature

VOCABULARY SKILL U:i

Collocations are words that are frequently used together Knowing which words to

collocate, or combine, will help you use new words correctly and make your English

sound more fluent

be capable of Intelligent machines are capable of

‘making decisions

intend to Do you intend to register for the

history course?

under (the, any, etc,) circumstances I'm afraid of robots | wouldn't get

one under any circumstances!

B® Underline the collocations in the questions below Then discuss the questions ina group CRITICAL THINKING

ANALYZING A: mot sure whether computers are capable of thinking

8: The timeline information makes me think they're not that smart yet

1 Doyou think computers are (or will be) capable of thinking in the same way that

human beings do? Explain

2 Can you imagine life now without computers or the Internet? How would life be

different under those circumstances?

3 What homework or assignments do you need to do? When do you intend to

do them?

TECHNOLOGY TODAY AND TOMORROW 25

Listening A Radio Show about Al

BEFORE LISTENING

PRIOR KNOWLEDGE (fA) Work with a partner Discuss these questions

1 Which Internet search engines do you use? Why?

2 Doyou do much shopping online? If so, what kinds of things do you buy?

3 How do doctors or hospitals use computers?

WHILE LISTENING LISTENING FOR {(B) [NEREI Listen to the radio show and choose the answer that best completes each

MAIN IDEAS statement

a sending an email message b.searching the Internet

& tuyết cemmunfkde 2 Machine learning could enable computers to

with guidance robot a follow our instructions b discover something new ‘

Airport in Tokyo, 3 Intelligent computers could help doctors by

Japan The airport

aims to put these a reading a lot of information b communicating with patients

robots into use in 2019

Bal

xi!

LISTENING SKILL Identifying Important Details

When listening to a talk or interview, it’s important to identify which details you need

to include in your notes The most important details are the ones that will help you

understand and remember the speaker's main ideas Here are some questions you

can ask yourself to help you identify the most important details: Does this information

clarify or explain a main idea? Does the speaker emphasize this information? Does the speaker repeat this information?

NOTE-TAKING SKILL Using Abbreviations When you take notes, you often need to write down information very quickly AS you learned in Unit 1, you can do this by writing down only key words and phrases

Another technique you can use is to take notes using abbreviations Here are some common abbreviations you can use:

year-> yr with w/ because b/c forexample eg in other words > ie

before > b/f technology > tech medical -> med artificial intelligence > Al

You can also abbreviate words and phrases by writing down only consonants

people — pp! computer -* cmptr students — stdnts

There are many ways to use abbreviations when taking notes, The most important

thing is to develop a system that works for you

(©) EBD Listen again Take notes on the one or two details you think are the most

important for each main idea Use abbreviations

1 Main idea: Artificial intelligence limits Internet search engine results

{E) Discuss these questions with your partner

1 Have you experienced the kind of intelligent search engine the radio-show guest describes?

2 How do you feel about computers that can possibly think and make decisions?

NOTE TAKING

CRITICAL THINKING: REFLECTING

TECHNOLOGY TODAY AND TOMORROW 27

Action Verbs Action verbs show physical or mental activities

bring compare eat incease replace respond work build decide happen occur run speak worry Nonaction Verbs

Nonaction verbs describe states and conditions Most nonaction verbs tell us about states of mind, emotions, the senses, or possession We usually do not use nonaction

verbs with the present continuous,

Here are some common nonaction verbs:

be hear love need remember think

believe know matter own see understand

have like meän prefer seem want

Action Verbs Nonaction Verbs

Weare learning about computerscience We knew how to program computers

Rita is watching people in the coffee shop She sees one person she knows, Jam listening to one of my favorite songs, | hear a violin

Some verbs can be both action verbs and nonaction verbs, but the meanings are different Use the grammar and context clues to understand the meaning

Jam thinking about my sister She thinks homework is a waste of time

We have a lot of food in the house We're having a dinner party tonight

(R) Read each sentence and look at the underlined verb form Is it correct? Write C for

correct and | for incorrect on the line after each sentence Then make any necessary

corrections

1, My professor thinks that Al will benefit the medical field,

2 Many people are believing that Al is dangerous

3 They are working on a new app this month It will help children learn math —_

4 These days, more scientists are researching cancer and diabetes ——

5 How many pairs of shoes are you owning? _

6 If the food is good, it isn’t mattering if the restaurant is far away —_

7 I can't talk right now We have dinner

8, Are you OK? You seem upset