Skillful 2: Listening & Speaking Student''s book

Science Lecture: Brain food PAGE 26 Quiet spaces PAGE 60 Listen for examples Listen for details ■ i Listen for emphasis of main ideas Practice and use business vocabulary ;• Listen for d

Listening & Speaking

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Listening & Speaking Student's Book

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S> Lecture: What is success?

Science Lecture: Brain food

PAGE 26

Quiet spaces

PAGE 60

Listen for examples Listen for details

■ i

Listen for emphasis of main ideas

Practice and use business vocabulary

;• Listen for dates

i Listen for time signals

!

Practice and use synonyms and antonyms

1

J Listen for

vocabulary in context

> Listen to summarize content

1 _

Practice and use prefixes

SCOPE AND SEQUENCE

r

Study skills Unit outcomes

Use discourse markers

for adding reasons or

Managing work and study

Listen for examples to understand evidence in arguments

Listen for details in a lecture to follow its organization Discuss, compare, and evaluate two charities

Use relative clauses

to add further

information

Notice and practice consonant clusters Offer advice and suggestions

Present ways to reduce food waste in your local town

Optimal learning to suit you

Practice listening for important information

Listen to predict the contentof a lecture

Evaluate and present suggestions to reduce food waste

Use modal verbs for

advice

Chunking a presentation

Turn-taking

Present a business plan

to turn a failing business around

Getting the most out

of discussion

Listen to understand a speaker’s reasons Distinguish between similar sounds Work with a group to present a business plan

Use the simple past to

order historical events

Notice and practice stress patterns in phrases connected with and

Ask for clarification and repetition

Present a timeline of your city

Time management Listen for dates to

understand a timeline Listen for time signals to understand when events happened

Describe a timeline of a city’s development

Use discourse markers

to compare and contrast Brainstorm, prepare, and present a small talk about passing exams _

: Studying for tests

SCOPEAND SEQUENCE

n SCOPEAND SEQUENCE

Video Listening Vocabula

Flower-arranging businessmen

Listen for how opinions are supported

Practice and use collocations with

get

PAGE 98 Sociology

> Seminar: Peer pressure Education

2 Lecture: Exam pressure

Listen for cause and effect

ZT FEAR

PAGE 116 Sociology Seminar: Fear of public speaking Social sciences

Slip sliding away

Listen to

-recognize organizational phrases

I Listen to identify problemsand

> Conversation: A travel story English language

Z> Lecture: Elements of a plot

The French Spiderman

Listen to identify the order of events Listen for details

to add to a diagram

Practice and use descriptive adjectives

Z®, ENVIRONMENT 6oineg,een

PAGE 152 Technology

2> Seminar: Solar power Ecology

Presentation: Eco-tourism

Searching the dirt

PAGE 170 Technology

Z Seminar: Face-to-face vs online

Listen to a presenter interact with an audience

Practice and use word families related to the environment

Listen to recognize how

an argument is supported

Listen to determine the speaker's attitude

Practice and use medical vocabulary

SCOPE AND SEQUENCE

Unitoutcomesking Studyskills

to explain something you don’t know the word for

Brainstorm and discuss ways to reduce academic pressure

Enabling good discussion

Listen to understand how

to support an argument Listen to understand cause and effect

Analyze, evaluate, and give advice on how to minimize academic pressure

1

Use the present

perfect tense with

adverbs to talk about

experiences

Notice and practice pausing and pacing speech

Use key language to manage questions from the floor

Brainstorm, prepare, and present a small talk about a problem you have had to solve

Increasing confidence when speaking

Listen to understand how

a speech is organized Listen to identify problems and solutions

Deliver a talk on a problem you have had to solve

Use the past

progressive to tell a

story or experience

Identify, distinguish, and pronounce words beginning with /g/ and /k/

Use words to express your attitude towards something

Prepare and tell a factual or fictional story you know

Finding your creative streak

Listen to understand the order of events

Listen to select key information to add to a diagram

to interact with a presenter Present a poster on the environment

Preparing a poster Listen to identify pros and

cons of an argument

Listen to understand when and how to interact with a presenter

Plan and deliver a poster presentation on the environment

Use indirect questions

to be polite

Notice and practice citation, contrastive, and emphatic stress

Use different techniques

to refute an argument

Argument: persuasion through reasons

Listen to understand how

an argument is supported Listen to identify the speaker’s attitude towards something

Academic success requires somuch more thanmemorizing facts It takesskills.

This means thata successful studentcan both learn and think critically

Skillfulgives you:

o Skills you need tosucceed when readingand listening to academictexts

o Skills you need tosucceed when writing for and speakingtodifferent audiences

o Skills forcritically examining the issues presented bya speaker or a writer

o Study skills for learning and rememberingthe English language and important information

To successfullyuse thisbook, use these strategies:

Come to class prepared to learn.This means

thatyou should show up well fed, well rested, and

prepared withtheproper materials Watch the

video online and look atthe discussion point before

starting each new unit

Ask questions and interact Learning a language

is not passive You need toactively participate Help

your classmates, and let them help you It is easier to

learn a language with other people

Practice! Memorize and use new language Use

the Skillful onlinepractice todevelopthe skills

presented in the Student’s Book Review vocabulary

on the review page

Review your work Look over the skills,grammar,

and vocabulary from previous units Studya littlebit

each day, notjustbefore tests

Be an independent learner, too Look foropportunities tostudy and practiceEnglish outside

of class,such as reading forpleasure and usingtheInternetin English Remember that learningskills,like learning a language, takes time and practice

Be patient with yourself,but do not forget to setgoals Check yourprogress and be proudof yoursuccess! I hopeyou enjoy using Skillfull

Dorothy E.Zemach- Series Consultant

Opening page

Each unitstartswith two opening pages These pages get you ready to studythe topic

of the unit There is a videoto watchandactivitiesto do before you startyourclass

6 INTRODUCTION

Listening lessons

In every unit, therearetwo listening lessonsand they presenttwo different aspects

of the unit topic and help you with ideasand language foryour speaking task

Speaking lessons

After your listeninglessons, there is a page for you to analyze a model answer to

a speakingtask.Thiswill help youorganizeyour ideasand language and prepare

for your final taskat the end ofthe unit

Discuss with a partner.

1 A lotofyoung people

in the U.S.care about

people receiving a good

education Do youthink

They do this by:

this isimportant?

2 What charities do

Going to meetings and staving informed

Sharing news and

information online

people support where

Before you watch

Readthestatementsand choose T (True) or F(False)

1 Charitiesonlygive moneyto people in need, nothing else T/F

2 Thereare hundreds of charities in almost every country around

3 It’scommon for members ofthe British Royal Familytosupport charities T/F

4 Onlywomen in theBritishRoyal Family do charitywork T/F

UNIT 1 SOCIETY

VOCABULARY Verb and noun collocations GRAMMAR Discourse markers for adding reasons or details SPEAKING Giving reasons and explanations

‘ I, c-‘:r ■_

w0Mfo*> in!i>

gXWW ftfcru

While you watch

Answer the questions

1 Whatkindof charitiesdoes the Duchess of

Cambridge work with?

2 What dovolunteersdo?

3 Whyare the Duke and Duchessvisiting the Child

Bereavement UKcharity?

4 How many charities do the Dukeand Duchess of

After you watch

Answer thequestionswith a partner

1 The video saysWilliam and Kate “do their bit forsociety” by supporting various charities Would youlike to supporta charity? Why /why not?

Yes, I ’ d like to because

No, not really because

2 Howmany charities do you think exist in yourlocal

1 LISTENING Community service

A Vocabulary preview

1 Circlethe word or phrase that hasa similar meaningtothewords in bold

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe words in boldfrom

Exercise 1

1 communityservice (n) a job b education c volunteering

2 concept (n) a view b opinion c idea

3 consider(v) a think about b talkabout c worry about

4 donate (v) a give b receive c change

5 duty (n) a choice b preference c obligation

6 fortunate (adj) a lucky b unlucky c unhappy

7 institution (n) a charity b organization c individual

8 recommendations (n) a tasks b suggestions c rules

1 I am enoughto have my own car

2 The university is the oldest educational in this city

3 I always my old clothes tocharityshops

4 Myschool requires usto do I visit sick peopleat the localhospital

5 It your to take care ofyourparents when they are old

6 My mother asked meto volunteeringmytimeto help

others

7 Can you explainthe of being prosocialto me?

8 I asked my college advisorfor his of the best medical

B Before you listen

1 What do you consider to be community service?Check (/) thefollowing.buildinga house

cleaningyour room

cooking dinnerforyourfamily

helping your brother/ sister with homeworkplanting trees in the park

reading tothe blindteaching childrenvisiting hospital patients

10 UNIT 1 SOCIETY

2 Work with a partner Look at the list of community service projects from Exercise 1 Have you done any of these? Can you think of any other ideas?

LISTENING 1

C Global listening

1.1 Listen to Community service and check(/) the three main ideas

Communityservice includesvolunteering time and service tohelp others

j Volunteersusually serve peoplewho have enough money or are in

good health

Volunteers work in different types of publicinstitutions

Doing your duty isa formofcommunity service

Caringabout others has nothingto do with theperson helping, it’sabout the

people receiving thehelp

Listening for main ideas

D Close listening

Listening for examples Speakers oftengive examples to supporttheir ideasor arguments There

arephrases you can listenfortohelpyou recognize when to expect an

example:

For example like such as

For instance To illustrate,

A goodway tonote down examples isto write e.g.

community service e.g., tutoring, building houses

1 1.1 Listen toCommunity serviceagain Write oneor two examples of

each concept

Community service e.g., volunteering Communityinstitutions e.g.,

Work at hospitals e.g.,

Types.of'manual work e.g.,

2 1.2 Listen to excerpts from Communityservice Complete thesentenceswiththe signal word or phrase usedto give each example

1 somevolunteers tutorchildren who need help in their

studies in summer school programs

2 A lot of volunteers work in hospitals, they donate time to

visiting patients who have no relativesor help busy doctors and nurses

3 Sometimes volunteers do manual work helping builda

houseor planting trees in a local park

4 It could also be somethingvery simple,givinga ride topeople who can’tdrive

E Critical thinking

Discuss thequestions

1 Which things in thebox arebenefits and whichare drawbacks of doingcommunity service?

collegeapplications feelgood learning newskillsnotenough money not enough time other duties teamwork

2 How candoingcommunityservicehelp you achieve yourfuture goals?

I think doing community service will help me by

12 UNIT 1 SOCIETY

Study skills Managing work and study

If youwant to combine study and employment, it is worth investigating

potential obstaclesand ways of managing these

Ifyou are already in employmentand have a goodrelationship with your

employer,talk to them about how to manage work alongside study:

Couldyourstudybe usedas professional development?

Can you do useful work-based projects that could be part of your degree?

Wouldyour employer bewilling to provide study leave, quiet space, and

timeto study atwork, or support yourcosts?

Some jobs donot work well as work-study combinations,butother

projects may still be possible

©Stella Cottrell (2013)

STUDY SKILLS

1 Discuss thesequestions with a partner

1 What kindsof charity work wouldyourecommendfor someone who wants

2 What charity workwould support what you are studying?

3 Howcan you balance charity workand study?

2 Rank thesebenefits to combining work and studyfrom 1 (mostuseful) to

5 (least useful) Comparewith a partner

A wider range ofexperience and skills

Greater confidence in adult work settings

Increased responsibility

Professional and/or business awareness

Salary(howmuch work pays you)

3 Answer these questionswith a partner

1 What other benefits would combining work and study bring for you?

2 What arrangements wouldyou need tomake?

3 What kind of job combineswell with thesubject(s)you study?

Can money buy happiness?

A Vocabulary preview

1 Matchthe words in bold with the correctdefinitions

1

2345

678

cause (n)

charity (n)

colleague (n) expensive (adj)

experiment (n) opposite(adj)

original(adj)

provide(v)

g

h

a person youwork with

costalotof money

a test to find out what happens

an organization that supports people in need

completely differentfrom something else

existing atthe beginning of a period or process

an organization thatyou support orwork for

to givesomeone something they need

2 Complete the sentences with the correct word from Exercise 1

1 The the psychologist conducted determined that money

can buy happiness

2 Somepeoplethinkit’sa good idea to support a by

donating money or time

3 Jose wantstobuy a new car,but cars are very He will

need to save some money

4 My plan was to studyon Friday, but when my friends

called about dinner, I changed my plan and decided to study onSaturday

instead

5 Givingmoney topeoplethat need it can food or a bed for

a night

6 I often help my when hehas too much work to do

7 I thought a lot of people volunteered, but actuallythe istrue

8 Save the Children isa very big

3 Discussthesequestions with a partner

1 Have youever given money to a charity orworked with a charity? Did youenjoy it?Why /why not?

2 Which causes do you think are mostimportant? Why?

3 Whatis the mostexpensivething you have ever bought for yourself? For

someone else?

SOCIETY

B Before you listen

1 Discussthese questionswith a partner

1 When you have alittle extra money, what do you spend iton?

2 When do you buy things forother people? Give an example ofsomething

you bought for someone else

I like to buy

I bought for because

3 Do you think moneycan buy happiness?Why /why not?

2 You are goingto hear a lecture on a psychology experiment Number the

pointsin the order you thinkyou will hear them

Answer thequestion about the experiment

Askaquestion about theexperiment

Describe the experiment

Describe theresults

Predicting

C Global listening

1.3 Listen to Can money buy happiness? and complete these sentences

about the main ideas withnomore than two words

Listening for themain ideas

1 The lecture isabout and

2 First, the speaker experimented on a groupof

3 Prosocial means to use money to

4 Helping othersrather than helpingthemselves madethese people

5 Doing thingscan make you just as happy as doingthe

things

6 The experimentwas also done in a sales inNewZealand

GLOSSARY

pinata(n) a container filled

with candy or presents that

you hang from the ceiling at a

party for children to hit with

sticks and break

2 LISTENING

D Close listening

Listeniiv’’ fordetails Detailed information is thefactsand further information a speaker provides

tosupport their main idea,such as numbers, places, examples, or evidence.Below are some phrases often used toindicate moredetailwill follow:

According to Dr Smith, Specifically,

Furthermore, it is believed that

Whenyou listen to something for thefirst time,it’s a good ideato listen just

to understand thetopicand the speaker’s opinion or aim.Whenyou listen asecondtime, you can take noteson the detailed information you hear

1 1.3 Listen toCan money buy happiness? again.Takenotes on the twoexperiments.Use the exercisein C Global listening to help

Question professor wants to answer

Describe experiment

Describe results

Answer the question

2 Work with a partner Compare your notesfrom Exercise 1 Did they writedown any details that you can add to your notes?

E Critical thinking

Discuss these questionsin a group

1 Do you believe moneycan buy happiness for people? Why / why not?

I believe money can buy happiness because

I don’t believe money can buy happiness because

2 How did the listening text make you feelabout giving money toothers?Doyou agree that this makes peoplehappier?

16 UNIT 1 SOCIET?

Pronunciation for listening

Elision of vowel sounds

Inwordsthat havethree ormore syllables, speakers often missoutavowel

sound in order tosay the word more easilyand more quickly

chocolate - choclate interesting - intresting

camera = camra beverage - bevrage

family = famly evening = evning

vegetable - vegtable history - histry

2 Readthese sentences to a partner.Practice leavingout the vowel sounds

1 I go to school every week

2 The prices at the two storesare comparable

3 My mother generally cooks a family dinner on Sunday

4 My friends all have different majors

5 My favorite subject is

6 Bereasonable whenplanning timeto work and study

7 Isuppose itis a good idea todo communityservice

8 is one thing that makes me miserable!

VOCABULARY Vocabulary development

Verband noun collocations

Collocations arewords that areoften used together Collocationscan

be formed from different partsofspeech The most common type ofcollocation is verb and nouncollocations For example:

verb + noun

care for + others

do + community service donate + money or clothing or time give + time or money

make + a difference take + a break or a call

1 Match the verbs in thebox withthe correctnouns tomake commoncollocations

answer do give make manage order pay take

2 Answerthequestions with a partner

1 When didyou lasttakea break?

2 Whatis one thingyou think will makea difference tosomeone’shappiness?

3 When didyou lastdonatetime to something or someone?

4 Whatis one good way to care for others?

5 Do you know anyone whodoescommunity service? Who?

6 When was the last time someonegave you theirtime? What was it for?

18 UNIT 1 SOCIETY

Academic words

1 Choosethe best definitions forthe words inbold

1 You can take anintermediate English test if youalreadyknow someof the

language

2 Lucindadidn’t like anythingto interrupt her normalwork-study hours

3 The principal aimof communityservice is to helpthoseless fortunate

4 Being prosocial isan abstract idea

5 Pamela read the instructions onthe labelof her food to see how to cook it

6 Jacques is cooperative;healways helps new volunteerswhen theyfirst

start community service

7 Liza will make a revisiontoher college application aftershe completesher

d (n) a change or improvement tosomething

e (adj) willingto do whatyouask

f (n) piece of paper or material that gives information or

instructions aboutsomething

g (adj) expected; not unusual or surprising

h (adj) a level betweenbeginning and advanced

2 Work with a partner Answer the questions and explain youranswers

1 Do you thinkcommunity service can benefit your college application?

2 What is one abstract idea you can think of?

3 Talk about what a normal Friday is like foryou

4 Why is ithelpful to have labels onfood or medicine?

5 What haveyou recently made a revision to? How didyou change it?

6 Talkaboutsomeoneyouknow who iscooperative Whatmakes them

cooperative?

7 What do you thinkis the principal part of a college application?

8 What could you do to move fromintermediate level in English to

VOCABULARY

b3

c

SPEAKING

12

It helpsprovide money and support

Ithink DoctorsWithout Borders

deserves our money because

Inadditiontoproviding help tothose affected by diseasesor

natural disasters,

B Discuss

1 Whatreason finally convinces Yoohee to agree toCarolina’schoiceof charity?

2 How does Carolina explainher reasons for her choice?

You will learn how to give examples,provide reasonsand add information,and to pronounce verbs that end in -ed or -ing. You are then going topresentreasonsto support a charity ofyour choice

italso helps people who are victims

in parts of the world that are

suffering fromconflict

it gives emergency medicalhelp topeople all over the world

Yoohee: What kind ofcharity shouldwe contribute our money to?

Carolina:There are a lotto choose from We could choose a charity that is

dedicatedto health because I think it’s reallyimportant Make-A-Wish andDoctors Without Borders are both big charities thatdo lots of good work

Yoohee: Those sound interesting.What dothey do?

Carolina: Make-A-Wishis a charity that aims to make sick children’s wishes come

true It helps providemoney and support toenablechildren to do thingsthey can’t normallydo Doctors Without Borders is a charitythat helpspeoplein countries affected by war

Yoohee: Wow They both sound impressive.Which wouldyou liketo donate to?

Carolina: I think Doctors Without Borders deserves our money because it gives

emergency medical helpto peopleallover the world In additiontoproviding help to thoseaffected by diseasesor natural disasters, it alsohelps people who are victims in parts of the world thatare suffering from

conflict

Yoohee: How doesDoctors WithoutBordersspend its donation money?

Carolina: Well, over 88% of their donation money is spent on the people itsupports

Only 1% is spent on management, resulting in most of themoney going tohelpingpeople!

Yoohee: Most of the money actuallygoesto the people.Thatmakes thedecision

easy, I think I agree thatthis is thebest charityto donate to

20 UNIT 1 SOCIETY

Discourse markers for adding reasons or details

Discourse markers are wordsor phrasesthat letthe listener knowwhat the

speaker is trying tosay They help thespeaker connect ideas to makethe

purpose of statements clear

Below are someof the most commondiscoursemarkers we use for adding

Inwriting, thesediscourse markers are oftenfollowedby a comma (,), which

allows thespeaker time to consider whatthey are goingto say

GRAMMAR

1 Connectthe two sentences usinga discourse marker

1 You can volunteerat the hospital becausethey need people to visit

patients They need people to helpthenurses

2 Jana workedfor16hours withouta break and she needs to sleep She

doesn’t want to getsick

3 Peter might do workexperienceat the hospital because he wants to go to

medical school He wants to help sick people

4 Lily should become president ofthe volunteergroup becauseshe

volunteers themost hours She knowsa lot of charities

5 Kenichidonatedall his clothes to thelessfortunate.Hedonated some

money to thefood bank in hislocal community

2 Read thesituations Write a newsentenceadding another reason

1 Cassie applied for a job as a teacher becauseshe likes workingwith

children

2 Eduardo wants tovolunteer histime He could read tothe blind

3 Mei-li wants todonate some moneyto charity Shecould give someof it to

charitiessupporting international aid

Giving reasons and

explanations

Speaking skill

Thereare several discourse markers we useto let listenersknow we are

giving a reason or explanationforsomething These usually either focus onthe cause or the effect of something

one effect of is

The reason know a lot about this charity may be due to my brother working with them for a year when he finished medical school.

Only l°/o is spent on management, resulting in most of the money going to

helping people!

1 Chooseoneof the phrases in the Giving reasons and explanations box to

complete the sentences

1 Thecharity is able to help a lot of people, which manypeople careabouthelpingothers

2 The charity is very successful lotsofpeople donatingmoney on a regular basis,it being able to help a lot of

people

3 charity work is that more peoplearesupported all over the world

4 The charity’s success excellent teamwork

2 Work with a partner Explainwhy the followingstatement mightormightnotbe true

Small charities often give more money to the people they help

than large charities.

22 UNIT 1 SOCIETY

Pronunciation for speaking

Weak forms

Function words, thewords that don’t tell us what the sentence is about,

such as and, a, can, the, on, by, and to, are usually pronounced in their weak

form Thesewordsdo not carry the maincontent, so they are not stressed

Weak forms likethese usually have the schwa (a) sound as its vowel sound

Contentwords, such as nouns, verbs,adjectives, and adverbs, carry the

meaning of the sentence They areusuallypronounced intheir strong form

1 O 1.5 Listen and selectthe number of words in each sentence

2 Underlinethe weak forms in these sentences

1 I went tothe market todaytobuy apples

2 Daniel wrote an essay aboutvolunteering in his home country

3 Julie and Nadia are in the sameclass

4 My teachersaid that I have tostudy formy test

3 Practicesayingthe sentencesfrom Exercise2 with a partner Did you notice

the difference between thestrongand weak forms?

PRONUNCIATION

-Speaking task

Analyzeand evaluate which charity to donate to

Brainstorm

Your teacher will divideyou into Group A and B Your group will preparea

charityprofile forone oftwocharities Turnto page 188.Group A reads about

Helping the World to Read Group B readsaboutRebuilding Helper.

Makea listof reasons why your charity should receive funding

/ think we should donate here because

Another reason we should donate to this organization is

Share

Work with athird group.Talk aboutyour first discussion and the responseyougot What could you havedone to make your argument morepersuasive?

Reflect

Look back at theideas presented in the unit and answer the question“What

makes the bestkind of charity?”with a partner

cause (n) donate (v) * opposite (adj)

charity (n) *** duty (n)*“ original(adj) “*

colleague(n) *“ expensive (adj) “* provide(v) “*

community service(n) experiment(n) *“ recommendation (n) '*concept (n) fortunate (adj) “

consider (v) institution (n) ***

Vocabulary development

care forothers (phrase) donate money/clothing/ make a difference

do communityservice time (phrase) (phrase)

(phrase) givetime/money take a break/call (phrase)

(phrase)

Academic words

abstract (adj)“ intermediate(adj) ** principal (adj) “*

benefit(v) label (n) ** revision (n) “

cooperative (adj) * normal (adj) *“

Academic words review

Completethe sentencesusing thewords inthe box

benefit intermediate normal principal revision

1 I had to make one to my essay becauseitwasincorrect

2 The idea behind Tom’s essay istodemonstratethatscientistscan predict earthquakes

3 Around30degrees is the temperature in summer

4 Youwill from learning and practicing good study skills

5 Mariam speaks English well She is an student

Unit review

Listening 1 I can listenfor examples

Listening 2 I can listen for details

Before you watch

1 Work with a partner and discuss themeaning of the words and phrases inbold

1 Why isfoodwasted?

2 Would you eatfood that is out of date?Why /whynot?

3 Which of types offood go moldy, and which go hard and stale if they areoutof date? (e.g,,fruit, cookies, bread, cake, cheese)

4 Why does foodgo bad?

5 When you were little, did your parentsmake you eat allyour food?

Or did you throw away food that youdidn’teat?

2 Take turnsasking and answering the questionswith your partner

26 UNIT 2 FOOD

: : f-Jll K a M

WIWW, - i, h.,. GRAMMAR Relative clauses

3 Work with a partner Predict which of theseyou

will seeor hear in thevideo and discusswhythey

will appear

An apple might be used in an experiment to see if

it goes moldy.

bread crab shells

test tube grapefruit

petri dish groupofyoung students

While you watch

Watch thevideo and check your answers

After you watch

Answer thequestionswith a partner

1 Why isnormalplastic bad for storingbread?

2 Why is thenew plastic better for food andfor your

health?

1 LISTENING Food waste

A Vocabulary preview

1 Match thewords in bold with the correct definitions

agriculture (n) a somethingthat requiresa lotof skillor effort toachieve

billion (n) b thematerial leftafter use

challenge (n) c thelack of food that cancauseillness or death

feed (v) d thenumber 1,000,000,000

hunger (n) e to give foodto someoneor something

profit (n) f how to solvea problem or deal with a bad situation

solution(n) p

5 the study offarming

waste (n) h themoneymade byselling something

2 Completethe sentences with the correct word from Exercise 1

1 The United States still facesa big because 5-10% ofthe

population does not have enoughfood

2 One way supermarketscan help solvethe problem istodonate out-of-date food to charities to makesure people haveenough to

eat

3 There are manycharities that use donations to people

who don’thave enough to eat

4 The professorexplained that food can be used to feed

animals orhelp land to grow

5 Mikhail is studying because heplans tomanagehisfamily’s farmwhen he graduates

6 Over a tons of food iswasted every year, contributing to

both environmental and hungerproblems around the world

7 Grocery stores don’t wantto lose bythrowing away fruitandvegetables that are not sold

8 Theuniversityhas not yet thoughtof a for allthe food

wasted in the school’scafeterias

B Before you listen

Activating prior knowledge Answer these questions with a partner

1 Have you ever thrown food out?Why did you throw the food out?

2 What problems do you think wasting food can cause?

3 How could peopletry to solve thoseproblems?

28 UNIT 2 FOOD

C Global listening

It’s goodto be able to recognizewhich ideas are being emphasized when

you are listening becauseithelps you understand and remember important

information

There are several techniques we use to introduceemphasis

o Focus on the way a speakerhighlightsor signals that important

information iscoming next

IVeare going to discuss .It is important to note

• Listen for phrases thatindicate when the speakeris going to summarize

a point

In other words, Basically,

o Listen for words or phrases that signal general information

In general, Overall, On the whole,

©2.1 Listen toFood waste Complete thesentenceswiththesignalthe

speaker uses before each main idea

1 just because it looks bad, they throw itout

rather than use it

2 not allsupermarkets are bad

3 I think we need to focus on a bigger problem:

theenvironment

4 it stops theheat from escapingfrom the

atmosphere and causes the greenhouse effect, which causes global warming,

butI didn’t know it wasmoredamaging thancarbondioxide

information

D Close listening

1 '4^ 2.2 Listento the first part of Food waste. Match the speaker to thecorrect question

Amira Julia Sofia

1 Who wants toeat fewer apples?

2 Who is goingtobe carefulwhen choosingfood?

3 Who is worried about supermarket waste?

2 2.3 Listen to the rest of Food waste Choosethecorrect letter, A, B,or C

to complete the sentences

1 The profitthat supermarkets makeon produce is

2 Thecost offood wasted ayear is

A $13.1 billion B $130 million C $133billion

3 The largest proportion of landfill sites ismade up of

A paper and B food waste C household

4 According to the students, themost damaging greenhouse gas is

A methane B carbon dioxide C oxygen

5 The students discuss the following week’s lecture about

A world hunger B wasted food C global warming

E Critical thinking

Discussthesequestions in a group

1 What types offood do you usually throwout?Why?

I sometimes throw out because

2 Does your country havean environmental problem dueto wasted food? Canyou think ofany countriesthat do?

I think/don ’t think my country has an as/because,

3 Imagineyou had to keep all the food you bought for a month How do youthink you could use up allthe food so that thereis nothingwasted at the end

ofthemonth?

30 UNIT 2 FOOD

Optimal learning to suit you

Learning is easier and more effective when:

the material suits you

Take action to ensurethat:

• you are on a courseyou find interesting and relevant

o the material you use is at the right level

you combinetechnologiesto suit you: use face-to-face methods solely,

or in combination withtechnology, where youfind this helps learning

thetime is right

• atthe besttime of dayor night to suit your learning

0 when you haveno distractions

• when your time is well planned to makethe study session interesting

• when you can learn atyour own pace

© Stella Cottrell (2013)Study skills

GLOSSARY

distraction (n) something that gets your attention and prevents you from concentrating on something

else

1 Read Optimal learning to suit you and answer thesequestions with a partner

1 What do you find interesting about yourcourse?

2 Whatbackground knowledgedid you have beforeyoustartedthe course?

3 What materials do you use for your course? Arethey paper-based or do

they involve technology such as a computer?

4 Do you prefer practicing with printed materials or with technology-based

activities? Why?

5 When do you study—during the day or at night?Why is this best for you?

6 What types of thingsdistract you when you arestudying? How do you

avoid them?

2 Complete the sentences Then compare your ideas with a partner

1 A good student issomeonewho

2 Agood course book is one that

3 Agood timeto studyiswhen

4 Agoodplace to study iswhere

5 Technology is goodforlearningwhen

6 Courses that are themostinteresting are those that

1 Read the sentences and circle the bestdefinition forthewordsin bold.

1 Some foods can helpimproveyour concentration, which couldbe helpful

when you listen tolong lectures

a ability tofocus your attention b ability tostayawake

2 One way to dobetter in school is to regularly eatbrain food.

a food thathelps you think b food thathelpsyou move

3 There are some foods you should avoidbecausethey havefew or no

health benefits

a neveruse b use often

4 If youwantto stay healthy,thereareseveral factors to consider when

choosing what to eat

a thinkabout b do quickly

5 Drinkingcaffeine hasan impacton how long you can stayfocused

6 Eating breakfast beforeschool is recommended.

a notallowed b a good idea

7 Theeffects from caffeine are only temporary.

a last for a shortperiodoftime b last forever

8 Eating foodscooked in a lot of oil has thepotential to cause serious

health problems

a danger b possibility

2 Work with a partner.Which of the statements from Exercise 1 do you

agree with?

Activating prior knowledge

B Before you listen

Answerthesequestions with a partner

1 Look at thepicture on page33 Howdoes the brain in theimage look differentfrom a normal brain?

2 Lookat the image again What do you think thelecturer is going to talk about?

32 UNIT 2 FOOD

C Global listening

Making predictions about what you will hear will help youunderstandwhat

the speakeris trying to say Making predictions also helps you anticipate

vocabularyand develop ideas about the topic There areseveral strategies

you can use to make predictions

o Noticethetitleorkey words and turn them into a question

Title: Brain food Question: What is brain food?

o Think about the topic and ask yourself questions that youcan answer

aboutit

What do you alreadyknowabout thetopic? Or what do you want toknow

about the topic?

Tryto answer the Wh- questions the discussion or lecture might address

Predicting

LISTENING

1 You are going to hear a radio interview about brain food.Work witha

partner and make predictions before you listen

1 Why do you think some foodsare known as“brain food”?

2 What are someexamples of brain food?

3 What are the benefits of eating brain food?

2 2.4 Listen to Brain food and check whichofyour predictions were

correct

D Close listening

Listening for details 1 2.3 Listento some excerpts fromBrain food and match thefood with

itsbenefits

1 chocolate a can improve learning

2 blueberries b can help the heart

3 fish c can help you focus

2 (2) 2.4 Listen again and circle the best answerto completethe sentences

1 Coffeeand chocolate have similar / different benefits

2 Thememory / heartbenefits when someone consumes sugar

3 The benefits from sugar and chocolate last for a short Ilongtime

4 Peopleshould avoid too much chocolate / fish.

5 The doctor recommendsmilk I dark chocolate

6 Memory is betterafter a healthybreakfast Ilunch.

7 Brain foods can/cannot raise your IQ

E Critical thinking

Discussthese questions in a group

1 Doyou eatany ofthe brain foods mentioned in thelistening text? Which ones?

Whydo you eat them?

/ eat some of the brain foods mentioned in listening text I eat

I eat these foods because I think they

2 What differences do you see in yourselfwhen you consume brain food versuswhen you don’t?

When I eat brain food, I feel more/less

It doesn ’t affect me because

3 What impact do youthink food hason intelligence?

I believe food makes you

I ’ m not sure it has much impact because

UNIT 2 FOOD

Pronunciation for listening PRONUNCIATION

Stress in phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbsare very commoninspoken English.Thesearefixed phrases

formed with averb and a preposition or adverb, which when combined has

1 @ 2.6 Listen to these sentences fromFood waste and Brain food.Write the

missing preposition or adverbonthe lines

1 I’d like to point that cerealsaren’t just goodfor your

mental health

2 I know a lot of yourstudents look forward snackingon

chocolate candy in the afternoon

3 Researchers have also found that caffeine can help

improve your concentration

4 Now, moving from chocolate,I’ve always heard that fish is

brain food

5 Caffeine can beconsidered a brain food because it helps youwake

6 Ican’t believe they throw fruit and vegetables that are

imperfect

7 I was thinking the apples Ibuy every day

2 2.7 Underlinethe phrasal verbs.Circle thesyllable(s) that should be

stressed.Then listen and check

1 The instructor moved on fromthe small talkand focused on thelecture

about wasted food

2 Thesubstitute is going to take over while the instructoris away at a

conference on food waste

3 Juan Pablo never runs away from a challengeand he is goingtofind a

solutionfor allthefoodwaste in thecafeteria

VOCABULARY Vocabulary development

Phrasal verbs

There are hundredsof phrasal verbsused inspoken English When the

individual parts of a phrasal verb areusedtogether,the phrase has a veryindividual meaning Compare:

catch =stop and hold onto sb / sth

catch up = to talkto someone you haven’tseen in a while and find out what

theyhave been doing

Base verbscan combine with more than one particle(apreposition oran

adverb) The particle changes the meaning ofthe phrasal verb

talk + about = discuss talk + into = convince

Manyphrasal verbs cannotbe separated, and must always appearin asentence as verb + particle +object

count + on + me You can count on me to help if you need advice.

However,therearealso phrasalverbswhere the objectfalls between theverb and particle: verb+ object + particle

let + me + down

I know my father will not let me down when I call him for advice.

1 Matchthe phrasal verbs in bold with the correct definitions

2 give up b get ridofsomething

3 turn into c rise from bed after sleeping

6 find out f quit

2 Complete thequestions with a phrasal verb from Exercise 1

1 Do you at the same time every day?

2 Whatisone thingyouwouldfinddifficult to

from your life completely?

3 Ifyou could a famous person,who wouldit be?Why?

4 What would you toa person visiting your cityfor thefirst

time?

5 What could you to make yourroom cleaner?

6 What do you wish you could from your textbooks?

3 Ask and answer the questionsfrom Exercise2with a partner

Academic words

1 Match the words in bold with thecorrect definitions

1 Angelica’s strategywas to finish college and then go to graduate school in

ordertoget a managementpositionwith a good company

2 The presidentialcandidates had a debate to allow votersto hear their

opinions on certain issues

3 There is some evidencethatpeople are living longer

4 The scientists presented their statistics in a bar graph that made iteasy to

understand allthe numbers

5 Doctors questioned his mentalhealth because he was having trouble

remembering things

6 People who run marathonsare usually in good physicalshapefrom allof

their training

7 School advisors encourage students to participatein extra activities in

orderto improvetheir chances of getting into a good university

8 I know Sibyl is goingto reactwith surprise when she learns she actually

wonthe science fair

a (n)groupof numbers thatrepresent facts

b (v) behave in a particular way because of something that

is happening

c (n) discussion in which people state different opinions

d (n) plan or methodfor achieving something

e (n) factsthat help toprove something

f (adj) relating to the body

g (v)totake part in something

h (adj) existing in the mind

2 Answer thesequestionswith a partner

1 Doyou think it’simportant to have better mental health or better physical

health? Why?

2 How do you reactwhen you hear bad news? Whenyou hear good news?

3 Can you give any evidence or provide any statistics tosupport an idea you

have about dieting?

4 Whatbenefitsare there to eating healthyfood?

5 Discuss a good strategy for improvingsomeone’s diet

VOCABULARY

F

Youare going to learn aboutdefiningrelative clauses, givingadvice and

suggestions, and pronouncing consonant blends Youare thengoing to use this

to give advice on how foodwastecan be reduced in your area

A Analyze

Complete the talk with the phrases in the box

to clean up the streets there are over 100,000 inhabitants the things they don’t want providing more waste bins

Hello, today Im going to present myadvice forthelocal government planning

committee abouthowto reduce the amount of litterpeople leave on the

streets in my town of Kimperley Statisticsshow that Kimperley, where

1 , hasa waste problem In fact, thereis

evidencethatit has thebiggest waste problem in the state People oftenleave their litter,that is,2 , on the streets

Last weekend,when I was walking downtown, I saw fivepeople throwthings

away on the streets Ithinkthe committee should do moreto get residentstoparticipate in cleaning up the streets One suggestion isthat the committeesends everyone in the area information and advice in themail, so that theycan learn about the damage to the environment caused bywaste How

about3 on the streets toencourage people

to usethem,too? Finally, I recommendthe committee employsmore people

4 more regularly.Theseare mytop three

recommendations

B Discuss

1 Does yourtown havea litter problemlike Kimperley?

2 Do you agree withthe speaker’s suggestionsto reduceKimperley’slitterproblem?

3 Can you think of any other ways theKimperleylocalgovernmentplanning

committeecould stop people fromthrowing litteronthe streets?

38 UNIT 2 FOOD