Information technology assignment 1 unit website design & development

Figure:1-3: Types of DNS of DN1.3 How domain names are 1.3.1 What is domain names A domain name is the name of a website that operates on the Internet and serves as afixed, static addre

BTEC FPT INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

ASSIGNMENT 1 UNIT: WEBSITE DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT

DaNang, August 2022

ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEETQualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing and Systems Development

Unit number and title Unit: WEBSITE DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT

Submission date 21/10/2022 Date received (1st

submission)

Student name NGUYEN CAO

ANH VU

Student declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the con- sequences of plagiarism I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.Student’s signature:

NGUYEN CAO DONG HUY

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

First of all, I would like to send a special and big thank you to my family for theirencouragement, enthusiasm, and invaluable assistance Without all of this, I might not be able tocomplete this task correctly

Second, I would like to thank and appreciate Mr NGUYEN HOANG ANH VU, whoenthusiastically guided me to achieve the learning results as well as his support in the process ofimplementing this task Besides, I also received a lot of help when talking with my classmates atBTEC FPT International College Therefore, many thanks to them

Finally, I would also like to acknowledge the extremely important role played by the BTEC staff,allowed me to use the facilities and materials needed to complete the assignment

Learners declaration

I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research

sources are fully acknowledged

NGUYEN CAO DONG HUY

TABLE OF CONTENT INSTRUCTOR/ SUPERVISOR/ ASSESSOR I REVIEWERS I ACKNOWLEDGMENTS II

ASSURANCE III

TABLE OF CONTENT IV

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES WIII LIST OF ACRONYM XII INTRODUCTION 1

LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing websites 12

1.1Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how domain names are organised and managed.(p1) 12

1.1.1Explain the concept of DNS 12

1.1.2Purpose and type of DNS 13

1.1.1.2 Purpose of DNS 13

1.1.2.2 Types of DNS 13

1.1.3How domain names are 15

1.1.3.1 What is domain names 15

1.1.3.2How does domain name work 15

1.1.3.3Different types of domain names 16

1.1.3.4How to register a domain name 17

1.2Explanation of web element(P2) 18

1.2.1Communication protocol 18

1.2.1.1What is communication protocol 18

1.2.1.2Some typical communication protocols 19

1.2.2Server hardware (P2) 23

1.2.2.1Overview of server 23

1.2.2.2Components of the server system 24

1.2.2.3Types of servers 28

1.2.3Server software 30

1.2.3.1Operating Systems 30

1.2.3.2Web server 32

1.2.4Host Operating System 37

1.2.4.1What is host operating system 37

1.2.4.2Main functions of the OS 37

1.2.4.3The tasks of the OS 37

1.2.4.4Relationship 38

1.3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies and explain how these relate topresentation and application lay- ers (P3) 38

1.3.1What is Wed Static and Wed Dynamic ? 38

1.3.2Front End 41

1.3.2.1What is Front End 41

1.3.2.2Skills and tools 41

1.3.3Back End 47

1.3.3.1What is Back End 47

1.3.4The relationship between Front-end and Back-end 55

1.3.4.1What should frontend and backend developers both know? 55

1.3.4.2Difference between Frontend and Backend 56

1.3.4.3 How Front-End and Back-End Relate To Presentation And Application Layer 59 1.4Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and custom built sites with regards to design flexibility, performance, functionality, user experience (ux) and user interface (ui) (P4) 60

1.4.1Give examples of online creation tool (WIX.com) 60

1.4.2Online creation tools 70

1.4.2.1Definition 70

1.4.2.2Advantages of Online Website Builder 70

1.4.2.3Disadvantages of Online Website Builder 71

1.4.3Custom built sites 71

1.4.3.1Definition 71

1.4.3.2Advantages of custom-built sites 71

1.4.3.3Disadvantages of custom built sites 72

1.4.4Comparison between online and custom-built tools or application 72

1.4.4.1Overview 72

1.4.4.2Comparison table 73

1.5Evaluate the impact of common web development technologies and frameworks with regards to website design, functionality and management (M1) 74

1.5.1Bandwidth 74

1.5.1.1 Definition 74

1.5.1.2What effect does Bandwidth have on Website? 75

1.5.1.3Ways to check network bandwidth speed 75

1.5.1.4Common problems about Bandwidth 76

1.5.2Server hardware 76

1.5.3Server software 80

1.6Review the influence of search engines on website performance and provide evidence- based support for improving a site’s index value and rank through search engine optimiza- tion (M2) 84

1.6.1Concept of search engine 84

1.6.1.1Definition 84

1.6.1.2How the search engine works 85

1.6.1.3Some of the most used search engines 86

1.6.2Concept of SEO 88

1.6.2.1Definition 88

1.6.2.2How SEO works 89

1.6.2.3Why need SEO 89

1.6.2.4Some advantages of SEO 91

1.6.2.5Steps to Seo a Website 91

1.7Evaluate a range of tools and techniques available to design and develop a custom built website (M3) 95

1.7.1 Tool 95

1.7.1.1Overview 95

1.7.2Technique 100

1.7.2.2 Front-end 100

1.7.2.3 Back-end 105

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure:1-1: DNS 12

Figure:1-2: Purpose of DNS 13

Figure:1-3: Types of DNS of DNS 14

Figure:1-4: Domain names 15

Figure:1-5: Active Method of domain names 16

Figure:1-6: Domain name type 17

Figure:1-7: Transfer Protocol (FTP) 19

Figure:1-8: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 20

Figure:1-9: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 21

Figure:1-10: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) 22

Figure:1-11: Hypertext Transfer Protocol over SSL / TLS (HTTPS) 23

Figure:1-12: Server board 24

Figure:1-13: CPU 25

Figure:1-14: RAM 25

Figure:1-15: HDD 26

Figure:1-16: Raid controller 27

Figure:1-17: PSU 27

Figure:1-18: Tower Server 28

Figure:1-19: Server rack 29

Figure:1-20: Blade Server 29

Figure:2-1: Operating Systems 30

Figure:2-2: Windows Server 31

Figure:2-3: Linux 31

Figure 2-3: Mac OS X Server 32

Figure 2-4: Web server 33

Figure 2-5: Apache HTTP Server 34

Figure 2-6: Nginx 35

Figure 2-7: IIS 35

Figure 2-8: LiteSpeed Web Server 36

Figure 2-9: Google Server 36

Figure 2-10: Static and Wed Dynamic 38

Figure 2-11: FRON-END AND BACK-END 40

Figure 2-12: Front-end 41

Figure 2-13:HTML 42

Figure 2-14: HTML5 42

Figure:2-15: CSS 43

Figure:2-16: CSS3 44

Figure:2-17: SASS/CSS 44

Figure:2-18: JavaScript 45

Figure:2-19: NodeJS 45

Figure:2-20: AngularJS 46

Figure:2-21: KnockoutJS 46

Figure:2-22: ReactJS 47

Figure:2-23: Ruby 48

Figure:2-24: Python 48

Figure:2-25: PHP 49

Figure:2-26: Java 50

Figure: 2-27: Rust 50

Figure:2-28: MYSQL 52

Figure:2-29: Oracle 52

Figure:2-30: SQLite 53

Figure:2-31: MongoDB 53

Figure:2-32: PostgreSQL 54

Figure:2-33: Difference between Frontend and Backend 57

Figure:2-34:Three-layer model 59

Figure:2-35: WIX 60

Figure:2-36: Create a WIX account 62

Figure:2-37: Create a website with wix 63

Figure:2-38: Create with website with wix with available templates 63

Figure:2-39: Create with website with wix with available templates 64

Figure:2-40: Edit website with wix 64

Figure:2-41: Edit website with wix 65

Figure:2-42: Use the Wix App to Add New Functions 65

Figure:2-43: Publish your Wix site 66

Figure:2-44: Hosting, Domain 67

Figure:2-45: Connect domain, shared hosting 68

Figure:2-46: install wordpress for website 68

Figure:2-47: theme for wordpress website 69

Figure:2-48 : Install basic wordpress plugins 70

Figure:3-1: between online and custom-built 73

Table:2 Comparison between online and custom-built tools or application 74

Figure:3-2 : Bandwidth 75

Table:3: Server hardware 77

Table:4 Server hardware 79

Table:5 IIS or Apache is simpler to use

Figure:3-3: search engine 85

Figure:3-4: Google 86

Figure:3-5: Bing 87

Figure:3-6: Baidu 88

Figure:3-7: SEO 89

Figure:3-8: Keyword analysis 92

Figure:3-9: Website testing and Onpage optimization 93

Figure:3-10: Website content 93

Figure:3-11: Link Building, Backlink 94

Figure:3-12: Test, monitor, evaluate 95

Figure:3-13: Visual Studio code 97

Figure:3-14: PyCharm 98

Figure:3-15: IntelliJ IDEA 99

Figure:3-16: Wideframe 108

After acquiring all the knowledge needed to write this report, I feel like I havelearned a lot about the definitions of concepts and parts that I didn't know Here is a review

of everything you have learned in this course

This report consists of two main parts LO1 describes the server technologies andmanagement services needed to host and manage websites, while LO2 classifies websitetechnologies, tools, and software used to develop websites

Part LO1: Overview of Web Technologies, Web Mechanism, DNS andCommunication Protocols Part P1 discusses server technologies and relatedmanagement services into the website Reviews are as objective as possible to make iteasier for people to read and empathize with P2 is the description, purpose and meaning

of server hardware, operating system and web server software From there you can seethe relationship between the two Part M1: Assess the impact of popular web developmenttechnologies and frameworks on website design, functionality, and management M2Reviews also provides evidence-based support for impacting a website's search engineperformance and improving a site's index value and ranking through search engineoptimization

LO2 has subsections Categorical description of website technologies, tools, andsoftware used to develop Web sites P3 It provides the definition of frontend, backend andsome tools and knowledge to build a complete website Then create a strong connectionbetween them Compare the differences and similarities of website building tools andtechniques P4 It provides user experience (UX) and user interface (UI) Review of toolsand techniques that help build M3 websites Tailor selected technology tools andtechniques from LO1 and LO2 to achieve a custom website as part D1

Here's what I know about web technology

First, let's look at the web engine The Web contains billions of clients and serversconnected by wired and wireless networks The online client sends an invitation to theonline server The online server accepts the request, locates the resource, and returns theresponse to the client Relative content is sent to the client when the server responds tothe invitation

LO1 Explain server technologies and management services ated with hosting and managing websites

associ-1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how domainnames are organized and managed (p1)

1.1 Websites

Website, also known as website or web page, and related content are identified by

a common domain name and are published on at least one web server Notable examplesare the websites wikipedia.org, google.com and amazon.com All publicly accessible webpages constitute the World Wide Web

Figure:1-1: Website1.2 How the website works?

- A client is a typical web user's Internet-connected device (such as a computer connected

to a WiFi network or a phone connected to a cellular network) and the web access softwareavailable on those devices (usually a web browser such as Firefox or Chrome) browser) A server

is a computer that stores web pages, websites, or apps When a client device attempts to access aweb page, a copy of the web page is downloaded from the server to the client device anddisplayed in the user's web browser In addition to the client and server, I have to say hello:

- Internet connection: You can send and receive data over the Internet It's basically like aroad between your home and your company

- TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol are communication protocolsthat define how data is sent over the Internet It's like a transport mechanism that allows you toplace orders, move to stores, and purchase goods In this example, it's like a car or a bicycle (orwhatever you use to get around)

- DNS: Domain Name System is like a website's address book When you type a web addressinto your browser, your browser looks up the IP address for her website in DNS before retrievingher website Your browser needs to know which server your website is running on so that it cansend HTTP messages to the right place (see below) It's like looking up the address of a store soyou can access it

- HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol is an application protocol that defines the language inwhich clients and servers can communicate with each other It's like the language you use toorder products

- Component files: Your website is made up of different files like different parts of theproducts you buy in your shop These files are of two main types:

- Code files: Websites are built primarily with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, but othertechnologies will be covered later

- Assets: Collective term for everything else that makes up your website, such as images,music, videos, Word documents, PDFs, etc

+ How it works:

First, the user enters the browser an address of the form: https://tmarketing.vn , youcan just type "tmarketing.vn" and the browser will understand and change it to the linkabove

The browser then sends the request to the DNS server

The DNS system will return the results of the domain name analysis in the sent linktmarketing.vn, it has a server address of 210.211.1113.135

After receiving the IP address - where to get the data, the browser will find thereceived IP address - ie the server containing the website content

The web server receives the request to retrieve the website content and it sends a set

of files including HTML, CSS , other multimedia files such as audio, images (if any) tothe browser;

The browser "translates" the files that the server has sent into the web page we see onthe screen

1.2.1 Purpose and type of DNS[1]

descriptive than IP addresses are easier for users to remember because they are words

that lay people understand and use every day, such as home.vnn.vn and www.cnn.com

The advent of the DNS system provided easy-to-remember and open domain names,making the Internet system easier to use for communication and growth

Iterative Query

After repeated queries, the DNS client will return the hostname and the DNSresolver will return the best possible answer If the DNS resolver cache has associatedDNS records, they will be returned Otherwise, point your DNS client to the origin server or

other authoritative name server closest to the requested DNS zone The DNS client willthen repeat the request directly to the specified DNS server.

Non-Recursive Query

For non-recursive queries, the DNS resolver already knows the answer It returnsthe DNS record immediately, either because it is stored in the local cache, or it queries theauthoritative DNS name server for the record In other words, it ensures that you have thecorrect IP for that hostname In either case, no additional query loops (recursive or iterativequeries, etc.) Instead, an immediate response is sent back to the customer

Figure:1-3: Types of DNS of DN1.3 How domain names are

1.3.1 What is domain names

A domain name is the name of a website that operates on the Internet and serves as afixed, static address Browsers need domain names to navigate to websites (web servers),

like home addresses or zip codes that help you navigate products on a satellite router.

Figure:1-4: Domain names1.3.2 How does domain name work

When you type a domain name into your web browser, a request is first sent to theglobal network of servers that make up the Domain Name System (DNS)

These servers look up the name servers associated with your domain and forwardrequests to those name servers

For example, if your website is hosted on Bluehost, your nameserver informationwould be: ns1.bluehost.com, ns2.bluehost.com

These name servers are computers managed by hosting companies The hostingcompany forwards your request to the computer hosting your website

This computer is called a web server It comes with special software (Apache andNginx are two popular web server software) The web server retrieves web pages andrelated information

Finally, send this data back to the browser

Figure:1-5: Active Method of domain names.

1.3.3 Different types of domain names

A top-level domain (TLD) is the final part of an Internet domain name Those are thecharacters that follow the last dot in the domain name For example, in the domainwww.thietkeweb.com, the top-level domain is com (COM, because domain names arecase-insensitive)

Country top-level domains (ccTLDs): used by countries containing the countrycodes of countries participating in the Internet, identified by two letters according to ISO

3166 B VN for Vietnamese South, UK for UK country, etc

Shared top-level domain (gTLD): Theoretically used by one type of organization,such as com, for commercial organizations Must have 3 or more characters Most shareddomains are available worldwide, but for historical reasons mil (military) and The gov(Government) domain is restricted for use by an applicable US agency only Shareddomains are divided into Sponsored Top Level Domains (TLDs), such as: aero, coop,.museum

1- NET: Network ( Network )2- INT: International Organizations ( International Organizations )3- COM : Commercial (Commercial)

4- ORG: Other organizations ( other organizations )5- GOV: State ( Government )

6- EDU: Education ( education )7- MIL: Military ( Military )

Figure:1-6: Domain name type

Infrastructure top-level domains (iTLDs): Names and non-resource top-leveldomains (u TLDs) such as biz, info, name and pro top-level arpa domains are unique

of this type Determined .root also exists, but for unknown reasons All existing TLD bookscan be found on the Internet's top domains list From now on, the main name can be used

as the top level domain

1.3.4 How to register a domain name

Step 1: Users visit https://domains.google

Step 2: Next to continue purchasing and setting up your free domain name If you'renot signed in to your Google account, sign in with this step

Step 3: Proceed to buy or transfer your domain name to Google

Step 4: Domains Google asks users for domain information (company contact information)

Step 5: If you don't have a Visa/Master card in your Google Wallet account, you will see a pop-up dialog to enter your information

Step 6: When the user buys the domain name, the domain name will be used after successful payment

Figure:1-6: Domain name type

2 Explanation of web element(P2)

2.1 Communication protocol

2.1.1 What is communication protocol

A communication protocol is a system of rules that allows two or more entities in acommunication system to convey information about any kind of variation in physical quality.Protocols define communication rules, syntax, semantics, synchronization, and possibleerror recovery methods Protocols can be implemented using hardware, software, or acombination of both

Communication systems exchange different messages using well-defined formats.Each message has a precise meaning intended to elicit a response from a predefined set

of responses for that particular situation The specified behavior is usually independent ofhow it is implemented A communication protocol must be agreed upon between theparties To reach consensus, the protocol can be further developed into a technicalstandard Protocols and programming languages have great similarities becauseprogramming languages describe the same thing about computation Protocols are used toexchange computations with programming languages

In another formulation, protocols are used to communicate computationalalgorithms Multiple protocols often describe different aspects of a single communication Agroup of protocols designed to work together is called a protocol suite When implemented

in software, it becomes a protocol stack

Internet communication protocols are published by the Internet Engineering TaskForce (IETF) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) manages thewired and wireless networks, and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)manages the rest ITU-T refers to the communication protocols and formats for the PublicSwitched Telephone Network (PSTN) As PSTN and the Internet converge, so dostandards

2.1.2 Some typical communication protocols

Common protocol types include: File Transfer Protocol (FTP), TCP/IP, User DataProtocol (UDP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Post Office Protocol (POP3), AccessInternet Mail (IMAP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the main protocols in the InternetProtocol Suite It dates back to the initial network implementation in addition to InternetProtocol (IP) Therefore, this entire suite of software is often referred to as TCP/IP TCPprovides reliable, orderly, error-checked stream of octets (bytes) between applicationsrunning on servers that communicate over an IP network Major Internet applications such

as the World Wide Web, e-mail, remote administration, and file transfer rely on TCP, which

is part of the transport layer of the TCP/IP suite SSL/TLS typically runs over TCP

Figure:1-7: Transfer Protocol (FTP)Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

HTTP is an acronym for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol In other words, www.HTTP is

a protocol that allows you to search for resources such as HTML documents

It is the basis of all data exchange on the web and also the protocol between aclient (usually a browser or any kind of device or program) and a server (a regularcomputer in the cloud) The complete document is reconstructed from the various partialdocuments retrieved, such as text, layout descriptions, images, videos, and scripts.The default HTTP port is: 80

Figure:1-8: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard communication protocol used to transfer computer files from a server to a client on a computer network

The default FTP port is 20/21

Figure:1-9: File Transfer Protocol (FTP)Secured Shell (SSH)

Secure Shell (SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol for operating networkservices securely over insecure networks Common uses include remote command line,remote login, and command execution, but any network service can be secured with SSH.The default SSH port is 22

Telnet (Terminal Network)

Telnet is an application protocol used on the Internet or a local area network thatprovides text-based, interactive, two-way communication using virtual terminal connections.User data is interleaved in-band with Telnet control information over an 8-bit byte-orienteddata link over Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

The default port for Telnet is 23

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is a standardized communication protocol onthe Internet for sending e-mail Email servers and other email transfer agents use SMTP tosend and receive email User-level e-mail clients typically only use SMTP to send e-mail toforwarding mail servers, and typically send outgoing e-mail to mail servers on port 587 or

465 via RFC 8314 IMAP (alternatively) older POP3) is the standard for message retrieval,but proprietary servers often also implement the necessary protocols, such as ExchangeActiveSync

Figure:1-10: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)Domain name System (DNS) :is a system for allowing the set match between IPaddress and namespace on Internet?

The default DNS gateway is 53

Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)

Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3) is a standard e-mail protocol used to receive e-mail from remote servers to your local e-mail client

POP3 allows you to download and read your e-mail on your local computer, even when you are offline

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP): is an Internet standard protocol used

by email clients to retrieve email messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection? IMAP is defined by RFC 3501

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internet standard protocol forcollecting and organizing information about managed devices on an IP network andmanipulating that information to change device behavior Devices that typically supportSNMP include cable modems, routers, switches, servers, workstations, and printers.The default SNMP ports are 161/162

Hypertext Transfer Protocol over SSL / TLS (HTTPS)

The Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) is an extension of the HypertextTransfer Protocol (HTTP) It is used to communicate over computer networks and is widelyused on the Internet With HTTPS, the communication protocol is encrypted usingTransport Layer Security (TLS) or formerly Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) The protocol isreceived as HTTP over TLS or HTTP over SSL

One system can contribute resources at the same time and use them from anothersystem This means that a device can be a server and a client at the same time.

Some of the first servers were mainframes or minicomputers Minicomputers aremuch smaller than mainframes, hence the name However, as technology advances, theybecome much larger than desktop computers, making the term microcomputer unfamiliar.Such a server is initially connected to a client, called a terminal, and has no actualcomputation These terminals, called dumb terminals, exist only to accept input from yourkeyboard or card reader and return calculations to your monitor or machine The actualcalculation was done on the server

A server is usually a single powerful computer connected over a network to acollection of less powerful clients This network architecture is often referred to as: Both

the client and the server possess computing power, but certain tasks are delegated to theserver In earlier computer models, such as the mainframe terminal model, the mainframeacted as a server, but was never called by that name.

2.2.2 Components of the server system

Server board:

Server motherboard for applications requiring EEB/E-ATX/ATX/microATX/mini-ITXform factor Single or dual socket motherboards are available for AMD EPYC 7002 and

7001 processors and Intel Xeon Scalable

Figure:1-12: Server board

Processor (CPU):

The central processing unit (CPU), also known as the central processing unit, mainprocessor, or processor, is simply an electronic circuit that executes instructions, includingcomputer programs The CPU performs the basic arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output(I/O) operations specified by the instructions in your program This is in contrast to externalcomponents such as main memory and I/O circuits, and specialized processors such asthe graphics processing unit (GPU)

Figure:1-13: CPUMemory (RAM):

RAM (random access memory) is a type of variable memory that allows data to beread and written randomly anywhere in the memory based on the memory's address Allinformation stored in RAM is temporary and will be lost when the power is cut off.RAM is composed of many small components such as resistors, capacitors,transistors, etc We are responsible for providing a stable source of RAM

Figure:1-14: RAMDisk drive (HDD):

HDD, also known as hard drive (Hard Disk Drive, abbreviated: HDD) is a deviceused to store data on circular disk surfaces surrounding magnetic material Hard drives are

"non- volatile" (non-volatile) type memory, which means they don't lose data when power isstopped to them

Figure:1-15: HDDRaid controller board (Raid controller):

A RAID controller is a hardware device or software program used to manage a harddisk drive (HDD) or solid state drive (SSD) in a computer or storage array to act as asingle unit best RAID controllers also help improve computer performance by providingsome protection for stored data and speeding up access to stored data

Figure:1-16: Raid controllerPower supply unit (PSU):

The Power Supply Unit (PSU) is an internal IT hardware component Despite itsname, a power supply unit (PSU) converts power, not supplies it to your system.Specifically, the power supply converts high-voltage alternating current (AC) to directcurrent (DC) and adjusts the DC output voltage to the tight tolerances required by moderncomputer components

Figure:1-17: PSU

2.2.3 Types of servers

Tower Server:

They act like personal computers as vertical servers, almost like the case withcomputers Perfect for fast growing fir trees with a small area that can be expanded withupgrades for RAM, CPU, memory, and more

Figure:1-18: Tower ServerRack - mount Server (Server rack):

A rack server, also known as a rack server, rack mount server, rack server or rackserver, is a specially constructed form of server mounted in a server rack The rack serverseries is widely used in data centers and small spaces in dedicated server room designs

In contrast to line computers and other line servers, rack servers are much wider Itcan therefore be rack mounted using specialized rails and wires that are attributes of thisserver's design If you only need to use small servers, a server rack with a relatively lowinitial cost is an economical choice

Figure:1-19: Server rackBlade Server:

Blade servers are compact servers with a modular design optimized for minimalspace and physical power usage Blade servers have many components removed to savespace and minimize power consumption and other considerations, but all functionalcomponents are presented as a single machine

Figure:1-20: Blade Server

Figure:2-1: Operating SystemsWindows Server:

Windows Server is the brand name of a series of server operating systems released

by Microsoft in 2003 The first version of Windows Server released under this brand wasWindows Server 2003 However, the first server version of Windows Server Windows isWindows NT Next to Advanced Server is Windows NT 3.5 Server, Windows NT 3.51Server, Windows NT 4.0 Server and Windows 2000 Server This is the first server release

to include today's generic functionality

Figure:2-2: Windows ServerLinux:

Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linuxkernel, the operating system kernel first released by Linus Torvalds on September 17,

1991 Linux is usually packaged in Linux distributions

Figure:2-3: LinuxMac OS X Server:

Mac OS X Server 1.0 is an operating system developed by Apple Computer, Inc.First version of Mac OS X Server, released March 16, 1999.

This is Apple's first commercial product derived from "Rhapsody" It is the ultimatereplacement for the classic Mac OS, derived from the architecture of NeXTSTEP (acquired

by Apple when NeXT was acquired in 1997) and the BSD-like Mach kernel Can runapplications written with the "Yellow Box" API, components ported from NetBoot,QuickTime Streaming Server, NeXTSTEP, and the "Blue Box" environment (possiblycapable of launching Mac OS 8.5 sessions as separate processes) and other components.older Mac OS software)

Figure 2-3: Mac OS X Server2.3 Web server

Definition

A web server is software and hardware that responds to client requests over theWorld Wide Web using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and other protocols The maintask of a web server is to display the content of a web page by storing, processing anddelivering web pages to users

Figure 2-4: Web serverWeb server software

Lite Speed Web Server Lite Speed Technologies 4.2%

Table 1: Web server software

Apache HTTP Server

Apache HTTP Server, commonly known as Apache (/ə pæt i/ə-PATCH-ee), is free,ˈ ʃcross-platform web server software, released under the terms of the Apache License 2.0

Apache is developed and maintained by an open developer community under the umbrella

of Apache Software Found

Figure 2-5: Apache HTTP ServerNginx

Nginx (pronounced "Engine X", pronounced / nd n ks/EN-jin-EKS), stylized as NGINX, Nginx orˌɛ ʒɪ ˈɛNginx, is a website that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, or reverse proxy , proxy mail,and HTTP Server cache This software was created by Igor Sysoev and released in 2004 Nginx is free andopen source software released under the terms of the BSD 2 Terms License Most web servers useNGINX, which is usually a load balancer

Figure 2-6: NginxIIS

IIS is an acronym for Internet Information Services This is a concept of thesoftware that comes with the Windows version We are in the business of maintainingWindows servers To process Internet information within our network Various services likeWeb server, FTP server, etc

Figure 2-7: IISLiteSpeed Web Server

LiteSpeed Web Server (LSWS) is proprietary web server software It is the fourthmost popular web server and is estimated to be used by 10% of websites as of July 2021.LSWS is developed by LiteSpeed Technologies, a privately held company This software

uses the same configuration format as Apache HTTP Server and is compatible with most Apache features.

Figure 2-8: LiteSpeed Web ServerGoogle Server

Google data centers are large-scale data center facilities used by Google to provideservices, including large hard drives, rack-mounted computer nodes, intranets, internalnetworks, and external, environmental control (mainly cooling and humidifying control) andoperating software (especially related to load balancing and fault tolerance)

Figure 2-9: Google Server