v PERFOMED STUDENT: DO QUANG TRUNG LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Figure 1: Define Network .... vii PERFOMED STUDENT: DO QUANG TRUNG INTRODUCTION This exercise tyoio will have to do all o
BASIC KNOWLED
Define network
A computer network is a system that connects multiple computers and devices through physical transmission lines, enabling them to share resources like printers and CDs, as well as communicate and exchange information These connections can be established using various methods, including cables, phone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared technology.
Network type
With its large bandwidth, this network efficiently supports online applications like conferences and movie screenings Although the connection range is limited, it offers a low-cost solution with straightforward network administration.
The primary characteristic of a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is its average bandwidth, coupled with a relatively extensive connection range Consequently, the installation costs for a MAN tend to be higher than those associated with Local Area Networks (LAN) Additionally, managing a MAN involves more complex administrative methods.
Brings users advantages such as:
Ability to control user access Good security
The ability to store and share information
Employees and customers can use the network together
Two network users in two different locations can store and share information with each other
The client server model (client-server network model) is a distributed application architecture It partitions tasks or workloads between resource or service providers, called servers, and service requesters (Clients)
When a client submits a data request to a server over the Internet, the server processes the request and returns the requested data packets to the client Clients retain their resources, while the server is responsible for managing client interactions.
A peer-to-peer network is a decentralized system where computers connect directly over the Internet to share data without relying on a central server In this distributed structure, each computer acts as both a client and a server, eliminating the traditional distinctions between the two roles.
The internet offers numerous benefits, including access to an endless wealth of information, opportunities for online business and income generation, and the ability to connect with friends and family through social networks like Facebook and Zalo.
Getting people to spend too much time online Loss of ability to communicate
The anonymity provided by the Internet poses a significant risk, as it enables individuals with malicious intentions to exploit various websites, forums, and chat rooms This environment allows wrongdoers to continuously take advantage of unsuspecting victims, undermining trust and safety online.
network protocol definition
A protocol is a defined set of rules that dictates the formatting, transmission, and reception of data, enabling seamless communication between various computer network devices such as servers, routers, and terminals This ensures interoperability despite differences in infrastructure, design, or standards.
List some protocols : TCP/IP, HTTP,DNS,ICMP [1]
OSI : osi model has the main functions as follows:
Secures requests to transmit/receive bit strings over physical media
Create/remove Frames, flow control, and error control
3 Network – choose the path and make sure the path is stable
Transport information between servers (End to End) Error control and data flow
Manage communications between entities by establishing, maintaining, synchronizing, and canceling communication sessions between applications
Transform data syntax to meet communication requirements of applications
Human communication and network environment
The standard TCP/IP model is divided into 4 layers (Layer) that overlap:
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP.File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol over SSL/TLS (HTTPS)
List some standard organnizations and standard names
ITU - International Telecommunication Union is an association of national unions, based in Switzerland, founded in 1947, whose members include major government and telecommunications companies
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers): is a non-profit organization, op erating since 1963, with more than 360,000 members (in 2010) including engineers, scientists, students worldwide
IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force) is also an organization that develops standards related to wireless technology
2 (P2)Network topology & communication and Bandwidth requirements
Network topology definition
Network topology is an arrangement of different elements including ring links, tree links, layer links, etc of computer networks The network topology consists of physical links and logical links
Definition: Physical & Logical Topology
Logical topology refers to the architecture that governs the communication methods among all nodes within a network, which comprises various components To enhance connectivity, network devices like routers and switches are utilized effectively.
A physical computer is a tangible device essential for various computing tasks and serves as a foundation for creating structural models of nature It fulfills the operator's needs directly, eliminating the necessity for virtual transformations Unlike software, hardware, including physical computers, comprises computing applications that can be integrated into the device, highlighting the significant differences between the two.
Examples of topology with diagrams (Bus, Ring, Star, Tree, Hybrid, Mesh)
Bus topology is a network configuration where all devices are linked via a single cable that stretches from one end to the other This straightforward setup eliminates the need for complex network management, making it an efficient choice for connecting multiple devices.
Star topology operates under the management of a central node, ensuring that the network remains functional even if a non-central node fails Additionally, this structure allows for the seamless addition of new computers without requiring the network to go offline, unlike in a ring topology.
Ring topology is a network configuration that establishes a circular data path, where each device is connected to two others, resembling points on a circle This interconnected setup of devices is collectively known as a ring network.
Mesh topology is a network configuration where each computer is directly connected to every other machine, eliminating the need for a hub or switch This direct connectivity enhances the resilience of the network, making it highly resistant to failures.
A topology tree is a network structure that resembles a tree, featuring multiple branches At its core is a root node that connects to various system-level nodes Each connection in this hierarchical structure is akin to a parent-child relationship, where a single link differentiates the two connected nodes.
Hybrid topology is commonly utilized in large organizations where different divisions implement various network topologies This approach combines two or more distinct topologies, resulting in a network that leverages the advantages of each basic topology while avoiding the limitations of a single type By integrating multiple topologies, hybrid topology enhances flexibility and efficiency within the organization.
2.4 Define commutations in terms of networking
Commutation is the process of packet switching between network layers do be done for data transmission from one network layer to another for the successful packet delivery
Determine who is the sender and who is the receiver
Transmission method protocol during transmission
Decoded, encrypted, and transmitted by wifi, or radio waves
When it arrives at the destination, it will receive it, and after decoding it, it will be sent to the destination
The concept of bandwidth often confuses many people In networking terms, bandwidth refers to the maximum speed at which data can be transferred in one second More specifically, it defines the capacity of a wired or wireless network connection to transmit data between a site and a user within a given timeframe.
Bandwidth Error! Bookmark not defined
o Bandwidth requirements for the networks
Basically two steps to bandwidth calculation information on demand:
Determine available network information tape quantity
Determine average usage according to specific requirements
Explain networking devices and operations 1 Discuss the operating principles of networking devices and server types (p3)
Discuss 1 or 2 operating principles of a selected network device
Step 1: PC-A sends the packet to PC-D through its channel connected to a switch
Step 2: Convert receive data as data frame, check mac address in source mac field of dataframe and save mac address in mac address table along with incoming port number
Step 3: Switch checks the mac address in the destination mac field of the frame and checks the mac-adress table to see if there is an entry of this mac address.
List network devices 13 1.3 List server types (web server, mail server, DB Serve, DNS Server, DHCP Server) 16
Hub Multi-port information amplification –
Gateway Different protocol network connection –
1.3 List server types (web server, mail server, DB Serve, DNS Server, DHCP Server)
2 (P4) Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software.
Explain what is meant by interdependencies
Interdependence refers to a network where both input and output can be activated through a simple mouse click or by connecting to the system network For instance, when a workstation requests access to a specific network, the server automatically comprehends this request and provides the necessary results.
Give examples of interdepenncy
Hardware refers to the internal components that execute programs, while software is the external interface that runs those programs For instance, when accessing a website like YouTube, the hardware processes the request and directs it to the software, which then delivers the desired output.
Define workstation hardware
The machine is equipped with a high-frequency CPU that delivers exceptional processing power, capable of handling multi-threading tasks efficiently With a memory buffer designed for optimal performance and a CPU speed reaching up to 4.0 GHz, this machine operates with remarkable strength and efficiency.
The workstation typically features 16GB of RAM, which boasts the highest clock speed available It can be upgraded with up to 4 RAM slots, significantly enhancing image rendering speeds Increased RAM capacity leads to faster performance and greater processing power.
Workstation GPUs differ significantly from standard computer graphics cards, as they are specifically designed for demanding tasks The performance of images and videos improves with higher-end graphics cards, making them essential for professional applications.
The workstation's hard drive is designed as a hybrid between HDD
The device features a premium anti-glare IPS technology screen, available in sizes ranging from 15.6 inches to 17.3 inches, with Full HD resolution options up to 4K As the screen resolution increases, the images become sharper and more vibrant, enhancing the overall visual experience.
Define networking software
Network software encompasses applications that facilitate the connection of computers, manage VPN connections, provide firewall protection, and enable IP address changes Notable examples of network software featured on Download.com.vn include TeamViewer, Connectify Hotspot, Hamachi, and Hotspot Shield Free VPN.
Discuss and explain the interdepencies of workstation hardware with networking software Derive an example form your discussion
networking software Derive an example form your discussion
The workstation hardware is the part that helps the principle of the workstation to work, called the heart of the machine
Network software is the application to help connect to the computer and the station hardware is to help the operating principle for the software to connect to the computer
3 (M1) Compare common networking principles and how protocols enable the effectiveness of networked systems.
Compare LAN, CAN, MAN, WAN
LAN, MAN, and WAN are three distinct types of networks, each defined by the geographical area they encompass LAN (Local Area Network) covers the smallest area, typically within a single building or campus In contrast, MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) spans a larger region, often connecting multiple buildings within a city WAN (Wide Area Network) has the broadest coverage, linking networks across vast distances, such as cities or even countries Understanding these differences is essential for selecting the appropriate network type for specific needs.
Compare physical topologies and logical topologies
Physical topology refers to the arrangement of network elements, including equipment storage and cabling configurations, while logical topology defines the flow of data within a network.
Compare OSI and TCP/IP models
Content OSI model TCP/IP model
Reliability and popularity This is an old model, rarely used
Approach Vertical approach Horizontal approach
Combination of floors Each floor does each task, no alignment floors are combined
Design Develop the model first, then develop the protocol
Protocols are designed first, then models are developed
The media Supports both routed and wireless connections
Supports connectionless communication from the network layer
Compare TCP between UDP
Connection status Requires established connection for data transfer
Not required to open maintain delay or delay
Data sequencing Able to sequence Unable to sequence
Speed Slower than UDP Faster than TCP
Guaranteed delivery can ensure the data reach the destination
Delivery of data to the destination cannot be guaranteed
4 (M2 ) Explore a range of server types and justify the selection of a server, considering a given scenario regarding cost and performance optimization
List a range of server types and their necessary to the client company in this
Apache web server Apache Web server is developed by the Apache Software Foundation and is one of the famous web servers in the world
Choose the server types that are suitable with the demand and scope of the client
Web server, mail server, DNS Server
Explain why you choose these server types considering cost and performance
Since these servers are popular and diverse, easy to use brings high efficiency and maximum performance
5 (D1) Considering a given scenario, identify the topology protocol selected for the efficient utilization of a networking system
Managing an internet shop using a tree topology simplifies error detection and modifications However, this topology requires extensive cabling and may result in slower performance.
After completing this report, I gained a comprehensive understanding of algorithms, including their properties and characteristics, as well as their representation I also learned how to create effective algorithms and explored key concepts related to network server languages, LAN, server issues, and the protocols and standards governing computer networks This experience significantly expanded my foundational knowledge and introduced me to new, advanced concepts.
The provided data set aligns with the assignment requirements while fulfilling the request Additionally, I have gathered references from online sources, as well as insights from friends and teachers.