Iot plat forms analysis and development = phân tích và phát triển các nền tảng iot Iot plat forms analysis and development = phân tích và phát triển các nền tảng iot
Objectifs du mémoire
The primary goal of our research project is to assess and compare IoT platforms, with a specific focus on evaluating the support offered by open-source platforms for the development and deployment of IoT applications From this overarching objective, we have identified two sub-goals.
This article evaluates the support provided by open-source IoT platforms for the development of various categories of IoT applications Our objective is to analyze the ability of the studied platforms to address multiple application domains that require different types of connected objects.
The objective of this study is to systematically evaluate open-source IoT platforms based on a set of criteria that reflect both functional and non-functional requirements for IoT applications These criteria are derived from essential requirements identified in the literature and established standards necessary for the effective implementation of IoT applications.
Pour atteindre nos objectifs, nous avons réalisé une étude comparative d’un en- semble de Plateformes open source IoT Notre étude combine deux types d’ana- lyses :
1) des analyses basées sur nos expérimentations avec ces Plateformes pour implémenter différentes applications.
2) des analyses qualitatives basées, entre autres, sur la documentation dis- ponible de chacun des Plateformes.
Méthodologie de recherche
Pour réaliser notre projet de recherche, nous avons suivi la méthodologie illustrée dans la figure 1.1.
FIGURE1.1 – Phases de la méthodologie.
We conducted a literature review to familiarize ourselves with the fundamental concepts related to the Internet of Things (IoT), particularly focusing on the implementation of IoT applications The review aimed to identify and understand the requirements of IoT applications and to provide an overview of existing research on IoT platforms As illustrated in Figure 1.1, this review process is crucial for advancing our understanding of IoT technologies.
CHAPITRE 1 INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRALE vue de littérature a duré tout au long de notre projet de recherche.
In the first step of our methodology, we defined the research problem and clarified our objectives based on the findings from our literature review, while considering the limitations identified in the state of the art In the second step, we conducted a comparative study of IoT platforms to achieve our research goals, following the guidelines established by Wohlin et al.
Our study, as outlined in Figure 1.1, consists of three key stages: 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 Stage 2.1 focuses on specifying the study's objectives by formulating the research questions it aims to address, along with defining the necessary experiments and identifying the IoT platforms to be examined In Stage 2.2, we collect data by analyzing eight selected IoT platforms and conducting experiments with one specific platform, oneM2M, which includes the implementation of various IoT applications Finally, Stage 2.3 involves analyzing the collected data and interpreting the results in relation to the research questions posed.
Contexte & Concepts
The Internet of Things (IoT) technology has transformed various aspects of everyday life by simplifying processes IoT refers to a self-configuring network of interconnected devices In the realm of smart agriculture, IoT is revolutionizing agricultural production by enhancing efficiency, increasing profitability, and minimizing waste This project aims to assist farmers in obtaining real-time data on temperature, soil moisture, and light levels, enabling effective environmental monitoring This approach fosters smart farming practices, ultimately improving overall yield and product quality.
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnection of machines, living objects, and non-living elements equipped with sensors, actuators, electronics, software, and network connectivity This technology enables data transfer over networks without human intervention, allowing objects to be detected or controlled remotely By integrating the physical world more directly into computer systems, IoT enhances efficiency, precision, and economic benefits while minimizing the need for human interaction.
Présentation de l’entreprise VNPT-Technolody
VNPT Technology was established on January 6, 2011, with a registered capital of 500 billion VND, operating as a joint-stock company Building on nearly 20 years of experience from joint ventures such as Alcatel Network Systems Vietnam (ANSV) with Alcatel CIT of France since 1993 and Telecommunications Equipment (Teleq) with Siemens AG of Germany since 1995, the company has developed a skilled team of experts in digital telecommunications With a strong technical infrastructure from these partnerships, VNPT Technology has progressively solidified its position as a pioneer in the research, development, and production of electronic devices, telecommunications, and information technology, making it one of the four key subsidiaries in the industry.
VNPT Technology prioritizes research and development by building a robust R&D team, comprising experienced engineers from its partner companies ANSV and TELEQ The R&D department currently employs over 600 engineers, including master's and doctoral degree holders in technology, making up more than 60% of the company's workforce This team is organized into specialized centers equipped with modern facilities and research laboratories.
The Technology Center focuses on research, development, design, testing, and the transfer of support for the production of industrial technology equipment This includes expertise in electronics, telecommunications, consumer electronics, and the Internet of Things (IoT).
The Software Technology Center (STC) specializes in research, development, and manufacturing of custom and packaged software products and services It offers consulting, design, and implementation of information technology and telecommunications services.
Mimotek, the Centre for Research and Development of Next-Generation Network Technologies, focuses on advancing 4G and 5G network technologies Their efforts include researching and developing foundational protocols and standardized stacks, as well as applying 4G, LTE, and 5G technologies to fully integrate these innovations into the company's product offerings.
The Research and Development Center focuses on network security and data analysis, dedicated to creating and enhancing information security products and solutions It aims to evaluate and improve the security features of these offerings while also developing products and solutions for Big Data processing, data analysis, and artificial intelligence.
• Centre de recherche et application de la Fondation : Rechercher et développer des plates-formes de plate-forme pour l’industrie du contenu numérique ; re- cherche et développement des logiciels d’application.
The Centre for Research and Development of New Technologies (CNM) focuses on building and researching solutions, coordinating the implementation of projects for client enterprises, and managing IoT projects I was welcomed into the STC team, which consists of around 60 engineers dedicated to developing the One Farm and Smart Home 1 application platform.
Qu’est-ce que ONEFarm ?
Objectifs et résultats attendus
The agri-food industry plays a crucial role in the daily well-being of communities To establish its presence in this sector, VNPT-Technology has been focusing on the industrialization of IoT technology in agriculture for several years To enhance the quality of its solutions and preserve the expertise of its agronomist engineers across generations, the company has initiated innovative projects Its primary goal is to implement a software tool based on IoT technology to assist stakeholders in making informed decisions for agricultural management.
Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous énumérons les différentes fonctionnalités à réaliser ci-dessus :
• Surveillance des informations environnementales : collecte automatique des don- nées des capteurs d’air, des capteurs de sol, des capteurs d’eau, etc.
• Contrôlez les actionneurs à distance via des applications mobiles, des ordina- teurs personnels(application mobile, application Web)
• Gestion flexible des équipements agricoles selon chaque modèle de ferme et pro- cessus de production.
• Fournir des outils pour numériser les processus de production des variétés végé- tales et animales.
• Gérer des fermes, des entrepôts, des animaux et des humains.
• Traỗabilitộ de la ferme à la table.
• Système de caméra de surveillance.
• Intégration des fonctions d’analyse de données et d’intelligence artificielle : dé- tectez les légumes infectez les étapes de croissance en fonction de l’analyse d’image de la caméra.
Organisation du mémoire
En plus des remerciements et du Résumé, ce document est composé en cinq (5) chapitres :
1 Le chapitre premier intitulé Introduction générale, présente le contexte et les ob- jectifs du stage qui vise à recadrer le sujet pour mieux l’appréhender.
The second chapter discusses the application of IoT in agriculture, focusing on both functional and non-functional requirements After extensive research and review of related works across various fields, this section serves as a platform to present the references that have guided us in achieving our objectives.
The third chapter, titled "Presentation of the Platform," discusses the objectives, proposed architecture based on the oneM2M standard, the services offered, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the platform.
The fourth chapter of our thesis, titled "Personal Contribution: Communication Interface between the oneM2M System and Non-oneM2M Systems (ONEFarm)," explores the use of RabbitMQ technology for message exchange among microservices It also discusses the working environment, the tools utilized, and the testing processes involved.
Résultats, présente les résultats obtenus de notre travail et les commentaires sur ceux-ci.
5 Le cinquième chapitre et avant dernier chapitre intutilé de notre mémoire expé- rimentations & résultats.
6 Le sixième et avant-dernier chapitre de notre mémoire intitulé conclusion géné- rale et perspectives.
With a projected population of 9 billion by 2050, agriculture must enhance productivity and efficiency while eliminating polluting and intensive practices that deplete the soil and hinder sustainable exploitation Smart agriculture represents a modern system that leverages advanced technologies for food cultivation, differing significantly from traditional methods This approach not only supports the economy but also optimizes the use of natural resources It enables cost-effective production decisions and automates agricultural processes such as irrigation, pest control, soil monitoring, and traditional crop management.
The Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture is a comprehensive monitoring network that utilizes numerous sensor nodes and automated, intelligent production equipment to gather crucial data This technology aids in the timely identification of issues throughout the agricultural supply chain By transitioning from a labor-intensive model reliant on isolated machinery to a modern agricultural framework, IoT facilitates refined, automated, and intelligent farming practices through the use of data and software Technically, agricultural IoT encompasses signal recognition, detection, networking, and software technologies that capture both internal and external signals from production tools, workers, and the farming environment This integration enables real-time information transmission, model calculations, and intelligent identification of agricultural data, making smart agriculture essential in today’s landscape.
• Augmenter la production alimentaire tout en préservant l’environnement.
1 https ://www.kepuchina.cn/zn/cycx/201909/t20190910 1 107579.sht ml
• Utilisation rationnelle des ressources naturelles.
• L’incapacité des méthodes agricoles traditionnelles à faire face aux conditions climatiques.
Définition de l’IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) primarily relies on connected devices, which have the ability to capture data and transmit it through the Internet or other technologies This data can then be analyzed and displayed on dedicated dashboards for better visualization.
Connected devices interact with their environment through various sensors, including temperature, speed, humidity, and vibration In the Internet of Things (IoT), an object can range from a vehicle to an industrial machine or even a parking space.
Domaines d’application de l’IoT
Currently, nearly all industries are leveraging IoT as a cutting-edge technology to streamline their daily operations Numerous articles highlight the key sectors where IoT is most prevalent Among these sectors, we identify two notable examples.
FIGURE2.1 – Domaines d’application de l’IOT
IOT peut être utilisée dans plusieurs domaines :
The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing transportation through connected and autonomous vehicles, as well as intelligent logistics systems This technology has the potential to save lives, alleviate traffic congestion, and minimize the environmental impact of vehicles.
• Maisons intelligentes : De la reconnaissance de votre voix à l’identification de la personne à la porte d’entrée, la technologie IoT donne vie au rêve d’une mai- son intelligente protégée.
• La santé : Des appareils médicaux aux tablettes de premiers secours en pas- sant par les équipements chirurgicaux sophistiqués, l’IoT transforme les soins.
• Industrie : La technologie IoT permet aux usines d’améliorer l’efficacité de ses opérations, d’optimiser la production et d’améliorer la sécurité des employés.
The Internet of Things (IoT) enables countless devices within the electrical grid to share real-time information, leading to more efficient energy distribution and management.
IoT-based agriculture encompasses various applications for monitoring and control, including climate condition tracking, soil pattern analysis, pest and disease surveillance, irrigation management, and determining the optimal timing for planting and harvesting, along with crop tracking and tracing.
Exigences et caractéristiques des applications IoT
Besoins fonctionnels
Functional requirements in IoT represent the operational demands that an IoT application must fulfill (ISO, 2018) Numerous studies address these functional needs, with Table 2.2 providing a summary of the most frequently discussed requirements (Rahman et al., 2016).
FIGURE2.2 – Fonctionnalités d’un système IoT
Besoins non fonctionnels
Non-functional requirements in IoT encompass quality attributes such as performance, availability, and reliability, as well as privacy and data storage requirements Similar to traditional applications, non-functional requirements play a crucial role in IoT applications The real-time nature of IoT applications, combined with data being processed across multiple devices, poses significant challenges for data protection and privacy A summary of the most discussed non-functional needs is presented in Table 2.3.
FIGURE2.3 – Besoins non fonctionnels en IoT
Caractéristiques et exigences selon le standard ISO-RA
Among the initiatives aimed at standardizing the Internet of Things (IoT), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has proposed an IoT standard (ISO, 2018) These practices are outlined as essential characteristics that an IoT application must adhere to ISO categorizes these characteristics into three major groups.
The reliability characteristics of IoT systems define the level of trust stakeholders can have in their applications to handle human errors and environmental variable miscalculations Key attributes include availability, resilience, data protection, and security, which collectively ensure the system's robustness and dependability.
The architecture of IoT systems is defined by several key characteristics that are essential for effective infrastructure These include composability, which allows for the integration of various objects; management of heterogeneity to ensure compatibility among diverse devices; integration of legacy systems for seamless operation; modularity to facilitate updates and scalability; and unique identification for efficient device tracking and communication.
The functional characteristics of IoT systems encompass criteria related to the supported functions of IoT applications Key features include data accuracy, automatic system configuration, context sensitivity, and service discoverability Table 2.4 summarizes the most discussed characteristics.
FIGURE2.4 – Caractéristiques de fiabilité du système IoT
Quels sont les composants d’un système IoT ?
Technologies supportant les applications IoT
L’IoT doit son progrès à plusieurs technologies existantes, notamment l’internet, le cloud et le Big-Data :
Despite the varying definitions of the Internet of Things (IoT), the Internet remains a common foundation among them It serves as a platform for IoT implementation However, traditional Internet connectivity allows for object interconnection without the capability to capture information effectively.
3 https ://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/IoT-components.html
CHAPITRE 2 IOT & APPLICATION À L’AGRICULTURE couche par dessus Internet "Sensing Layer" a permis d’avoir l’IoT, sous sa forme actuelle.
The integration of cloud computing in the Internet of Things (IoT) has made these technologies ubiquitous across various sectors of daily life Numerous open-source and commercial cloud platforms, such as AWS, Azure, and oneM2M, facilitate the incorporation of IoT services These platforms provide essential cloud-based services that enhance IoT functionality and connectivity.
The vast number of interconnected objects within the Internet of Things (IoT) generates massive amounts of data, known as Big Data, which require processing, analysis, and storage Technologies and services like Hadoop, SciDB, and TSaaaS are available to support Big Data analysis and are well-suited to meet the data processing demands of IoT applications.
Protocoles de communication en IoT
Technologies de communication
Il existe plusieurs technologies de communication ciblant différents types d’équi- pements et offrant différentes portées et capacités Les technologies suivantes figurent parmi les plus connues et/ou utilisées :
LoRaWAN is a leading IoT technology designed for wide area network (WAN) applications, focusing on low-power communication necessary for secure mobile connectivity in IoT, smart cities, and industrial uses It specifically addresses energy efficiency requirements while supporting large networks with millions of devices, offering data rates ranging from 0.3 kbps to 50 kbps.
Cellular technology, including GSM, 3G, and 4G, is beneficial for IoT applications requiring long-distance communication While 4G can handle large data transfers, its cost and energy consumption may be prohibitive for many projects However, it is well-suited for low-bandwidth data applications that rely on sensors transmitting minimal data over the Internet.
Z-Wave technology plays a crucial role in smart homes, enabling remote control of various features such as lighting, windows, pools, garages, and security systems This communication system can be effectively managed through a combination of the Internet and the Z-Wave 5 gateway.
NFC (Near Field Communication) is an IoT technology that enables simple and secure communication between electronic devices, particularly smartphones This technology allows consumers to conduct transactions without the need for physical presence, facilitating access to digital content and connecting electronic devices Essentially, NFC enhances the capabilities of contactless card technology, enabling devices to share information over distances of less than 4 cm.
Wi-Fi is one of the most popular communication protocols for IoT, making it a preferred choice for many developers Its widespread availability in home LAN environments, coupled with an extensive existing infrastructure, enhances its appeal for IoT applications.
5 https ://www.rfwireless-world.com/IoT/
CHAPITRE 2 IOT & APPLICATION À L’AGRICULTURE transfert de données rapide et la capacité de gérer de grandes quantités de données Actuellement, la norme WiFi la plus couramment utilisée dans les foyers.
FIGURE2.6 – Technologie de réseaux sans fil à courte portée
Plates formes populaire en IoT
Plates formes privées
Dans cet esprit, voici une liste de plates-formes IoT qui ont une forte proposition de valeur et des avantages uniques qui les distinguent de la concurrence.
Cloud IoT Core is a fully managed service that enables secure and straightforward connection, processing, and ingestion of data from millions of devices worldwide When integrated with other services on the platform, it enhances the functionality and efficiency of IoT solutions.
CHAPITRE 2 IOT & APPLICATION À L’AGRICULTURE analyser et visualiser des données IoT en temps réel, afin d’améliorer l’efficacité opé- rationnelle En s’appuyant sur Cloud Pub/Sub, Cloud IoT Core peut agréger les don- nées issues d’appareils dispersés géographiquement dans un seul système unifié qui s’intègre en toute transparence aux services d’analyse de données de Google Cloud 6
Leverage your IoT data streams for advanced analytics, create visualizations, apply machine learning algorithms, and perform various other tasks This will enhance your operational efficiency, enable proactive problem-solving, and establish enriched models that accurately represent your business, allowing for optimization.
• Le gestionnaire d’appareils permet de configurer et gérer les appareils indivi- duellement et en toute sécurité, de manière générale.
Management is conducted through a console or programmatically, where the manager identifies devices and provides authentication mechanisms for connection It also oversees the logical configuration of each device and enables remote control from the cloud.
The protocol gateway establishes endpoints with automatic load balancing for connecting devices across various protocols It provides native support for secure connections using standard protocols like MQTT and HTTP This gateway publishes telemetry data from all devices to Cloud Pub/Sub, enabling downstream analytics systems to utilize the information effectively.
Ensure end-to-end security through asymmetric key authentication using the TLS protocol Device ownership can be verified with certificates signed by a certification authority Devices that meet the security requirements of Cloud IoT Core can secure the entire stack.
Azure IoT Central is a fully managed IoT application platform that simplifies the development, management, and maintenance of enterprise-level IoT solutions, significantly reducing costs and operational burdens As a Software as a Service (SaaS), it eliminates the need for cloud solution expertise, making it easier to connect, monitor, and manage IoT assets at scale The platform streamlines the initial setup of IoT solutions and minimizes management overhead, operational expenses, and typical project costs Operators utilize IoT Central to effectively manage their IoT devices, performing essential tasks with ease.
• Surveiller les appareils connectés à l’application.
6 https ://cloud.google.com/iot-core/
7 https ://azure.microsoft.com/fr-fr/services/iot-central/
• Dépannage et résolution des problèmes avec les appareils.
AWS Marketplace offers Internet of Things (IoT) solutions and AWS IoT services that enable businesses to quickly deploy ready-to-use applications tailored to their specific needs These solutions ensure connectivity and device management, enhancing efficiency, productivity, and growth AWS IoT allows you to choose the most suitable and advanced technologies for your solution To assist in managing and supporting your IoT devices in the field, AWS IoT Core supports widely used protocols such as MQTT, HTTPS, and CoAP, which are essential for implementing IoT solutions Here, we will identify several use cases for AWS IoT solutions.
• Visualisez les données de votre flotte de transport afin de pouvoir agir pour maintenir la fiabilité, la disponibilité et les performances.
• Créez des tableaux de bord pour surveiller tout, des facteurs environnemen- taux à la connectivité réseau en passant par les flux vidéo.
• Créez automatiquement des bons de travail et répartissez les équipes avec une surveillance intelligente des actifs de la ville connectée.
• Accélérez et optimisez le développement, le déploiement et l’exploitation de solutions IoT pour la maison intelligente et la ville intelligente.
• L’analyse de maintenance prédictive capture l’état des équipements industriels afin que vous puissiez identifier les pannes potentielles avant qu’elles n’affectent la production.
• Déployez et exploitez rapidement des réseaux privés sécurisés avec une pile qui s’intègre parfaitement aux systèmes existants.
The IBM Internet of Things (IoT) Foundation is a software service offering that enables embedded device developers to quickly connect their devices and visualize incoming data It empowers application developers to create IoT applications and solutions equipped with robust analytics and other powerful features The Watson IoT Platform combines the necessary power and simplicity to support industrial IoT applications, solutions, and workloads, integrating existing IBM IoT capabilities and functions.
8 https ://aws.amazon.com/fr/iot/
The Connection Service offers a fully managed end-to-end cloud service available for subscription in both production and non-production environments The Watson IoT Platform facilitates communication between your applications and devices using the Watson IoT Platform API and messaging protocol Additional features include:
• Offre une prise en charge pour la création, la surveillance et l’application de fonctions analytiques pertinentes pour l’entreprise.
The platform offers a user interface that streamlines the workflow for gathering input data necessary for calculating analytical functions from various sources It allows users to define input data for computations, manipulate the calculated values, and store the resulting outputs efficiently.
• Permet aux développeurs de créer et de publier des fonctions analytiques per- sonnalisées sur le catalogue via une API basée sur python.
Plates formes public
Mainflux is a high-performance, secure open-source IoT platform designed for large-scale development of Internet of Things solutions, IoT applications, and smart connected products Built as a set of containerized microservices using Docker and orchestrated with Kubernetes, the Mainflux IoT platform serves as a software infrastructure and middleware that offers device management, connectivity and message routing, event management, basic analytics, application activation, and a user interface We will identify some key features of the platform.
Mainflux enhances security through an advanced authentication and authorization server, featuring customizable API key access control and scoped JWTs It utilizes mutual TLS (mTLS) with X.509 certificates for secure connections, and employs NGINX as a reverse proxy to ensure security, load balancing, and termination of TLS and DTLS connections.
Multi-protocol support and hardware independence ensure seamless connectivity for any device and application Our messaging bridge utilizes a high-performance NATS broker, facilitating multi-protocol PUB/SUB communication through HTTP, MQTT, WebSocket, and CoAP.
• Grâce au langage Golang et aux microservices, il a testé les performances, la vitesse de déploiement, une exécution rapide et robuste, un faible encombre- ment.
9 https ://www.ibm.com/cloud/internet-of-things
ThingWorx is a leading application development platform for the Internet of Things (IoT) It offers a comprehensive suite of integrated development tools tailored specifically for IoT, enabling a streamlined execution process and the creation of engaging applications.
Worx offre des fonctionnalités telles que :
• Connectivité facile des appareils à la plate-forme ;
• Une plateforme de développement rapide ;
• Apprentissage automatique intégré afin d’automatiser les tâches complexes d’analyse Big Data ;
• Déployez des solutions IoT dans le cloud et intégrations ;
• Une méthode sécurisée et évolutive pour l’enregistrement, l’authentification et la validation continue des appareils, sur le modốle actuel ôappKeyằ ;
• Confiance et autorisation pour les appareils connectés et leurs flux de données associés ;
• Assurance de la confidentialité des données pour les informations sensibles ;
ThingSpeak is an outstanding open-source IoT platform that enables rapid prototyping based on data input It supports various IoT devices, including Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and NodeMCU Additionally, users can export data from IoT devices via the ThingSpeak cloud for in-depth analysis.
ThingSpeak is an IoT Cloud platform that allows users to send sensor data to the cloud It enables the analysis and visualization of this data using MATLAB and other software, including the creation of custom applications.
• Le service ThingSpeak est géré par MathWorks Pour vous inscrire à Thing- Speak, vous devez créer un nouveau compte MathWorks ou vous connecter à votre compte MathWorks existant.
• ThingSpeak est gratuit pour les petits projets non commerciaux.
ThingSpeak is a web service (REST API) that enables you to collect and store sensor data in the cloud, facilitating the development of Internet of Things applications It is compatible with platforms such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and MATLAB, thanks to predefined libraries and APIs Additionally, it can work with various programming languages, as it utilizes a REST API and HTTP protocols.
11 https ://developer.thingworx.com/en/platform
SiteWhere 14 is a powerful platform for ingesting, referencing, processing, and assimilating device inputs It operates on Apache Tomcat and offers highly optimized MongoDB and HBase implementations You can deploy SiteWhere on cloud platforms such as AWS and Azure, and it also supports Kubernetes cluster provisioning Additionally, it comes with a range of other features.
• Exécutez n’importe quelle estimation des applications IoT sur une seule ins- tance SiteWhere ;
• Spring apporte le cadre de configuration racine ;
• Ajoutez des widgets via l’auto-enregistrement, les services REST ou par lots ;
• InfluxDB pour le stockage des données d’événements ;
• Connectez des appareils avec MQTT, Stomp, AMQP et d’autres protocoles ;
• Intègre des cadres d’intégration tiers ;
• Eclipse Californium pour la messagerie CoAP ;
• HBase pour la banque de données non relationnelle ;
• Grafana pour visualiser les données SiteWhere 15
Étude comparatives des Plates formes IoT
A comprehensive investigation into the current landscape of IoT software platforms reveals varying degrees of implementation for each mentioned feature Below, we have listed relevant platforms along with a comparison of their functionalities, including device management, integration, security, communication protocols, types of analytics, and data visualization, as detailed in Table 4.10 for each IoT platform.
15 https ://geekflare.com/iot-platform-tools/
16 https ://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/best-iot-platforms/
FIGURE2.7 – Tableau de comparaison des Plateformes IoT
Sécurité agricole en IoT
Exigences de sécurité
The security requirements for IoT-based smart agriculture align closely with standard security scenarios To achieve a secure agricultural solution, it is essential to focus on the following security requirements:
• Intégrité : les informations agricoles ou les données personnelles qui les concernent ne devraient être accessibles qu’aux utilisateurs autorisés.
• Confidentialitộ : Ici, l’intộgritộ signifie que les donnộes reỗues et stockộes ou que le contenu n’est pas modifié.
• Authentification : L’authentification signifie que les appareils homologues doivent avoir une identité avec laquelle ils communiquent.
Data freshness is crucial in agricultural IoT networks, as it pertains to both the freshness of keys and the freshness of data Given that these networks can sometimes deliver variable measurements, it is essential to ensure that each message transmitted is up-to-date and reliable.
• Autorisation : Ici, l’autorisation signifie pour le réseau ou toute autre ressource que seuls les appareils autorisés sont autorisés.
Self-healing: In an IoT-based agricultural network, if one device fails or runs out of power, other devices in the network should be capable of maintaining a certain level of safety.
Défis reliés aux applications IoT
La satisfaction de certaines exigences des applications IoT reste un défi [8] pour les industries :
• Plusieurs exigences de l’IoT nécessitent des standards et cela à différents ni- veaux ; par exemple, la sécurité en IoT, la découvrabilité, etc.
Energy supply for sensors is a critical issue in IoT, particularly when sensors are remote, inaccessible, and controlled from afar To address this challenge, various technologies can be utilized, including thermal generators and solar cells.
The architecture of a distributed and heterogeneous network poses significant challenges in the Internet of Things (IoT) Key considerations for developing these architectures include scalability, interoperability, and the management of objects and services.
• En ce qui concerne le traitement des données, les principaux problèmes sont le partage, la propagation, la collaboration, l’efficacité du traitement et la pré- sentation des données.
• La sécurité et la confidentialité des données, tant du point de vue des fournis- seurs que des utilisateurs, constituent aussi des défis majeurs ;
The adoption of IoT presents a societal challenge, as convincing users to change their habits can be difficult Many individuals are hesitant to trust these systems due to concerns about security and the protection of their personal data, especially given the alarming rate of data breaches Additionally, applications must feature user-friendly interfaces to encourage widespread usage.
Importance de l’IoT en agriculture
The application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture offers unprecedented efficiency, resource reduction, cost savings, automation, and data-driven processes However, in the agricultural sector, these advantages are not merely enhancements; they serve as essential solutions to a range of critical challenges facing the entire industry.
Modern agriculture faces significant challenges, including declining soil quality, decreasing land availability, and increasing weather fluctuations IoT-based agriculture empowers farmers to monitor their crops and conditions in real-time, enabling them to quickly gather insights, anticipate issues before they arise, and make informed decisions to mitigate risks Additionally, IoT solutions introduce automation in processes such as irrigation, fertilization, and robotic harvesting, optimizing efficiency based on demand.
IoT agricultural solutions focus on optimizing resource use, including water, energy, and land Precision agriculture leverages data collected from various on-field sensors, enabling farmers to allocate the right amount of resources to each individual plant effectively.
Data-driven agriculture enhances product quality by enabling farmers to produce more and better crops Utilizing soil and crop sensors, drone surveillance, and agricultural mapping, they gain insights into the intricate relationships between environmental conditions and crop quality With connected systems, farmers can replicate optimal conditions, thereby increasing the nutritional value of their products.
• Surveillance des conditions climatiques : Les stations météorologiques équi- pées de capteurs intelligents peuvent collecter des données météorologiques et envoyer des informations utiles à un agriculteur De plus, les informations
Chapter 2 discusses the application of IoT in agriculture, where specialized software analyzes data to provide farmers with comprehensive insights This enables them to make informed decisions and significantly reduce the risk of crop losses.
Crop monitoring is essential for farmers, as it involves the use of sensors to gather crucial data on crop health, humidity, precipitation, temperature, and other parameters By identifying any discrepancies in these metrics early on, farmers can take appropriate actions to address potential issues, ensuring optimal crop performance and yield.
De plus, les capteurs aident les agriculteurs à déterminer le meilleur moment pour planter et récolter.
Inconvénients de l’IoT
Comme l’Internet des objets facilite un ensemble d’avantages, il crée également un ensemble important de défis Certains des défis de l’IoT sont présentés ci-dessous :
IoT security is a critical concern due to the interconnected nature of these systems, which communicate over networks Despite implementing various security measures, there is limited control over the system, leaving it vulnerable to different types of network attacks.
• Confidentialité : même sans la participation active de l’utilisateur, le système IoT fournit des données personnelles substantielles avec un maximum de dé- tails.
• Complexité : la conception, le développement, la maintenance et l’activation de la grande technologie pour le système IoT sont assez compliquées.
Qu’est-ce que M2M ?
L’objectif de oneM2M
The aim of oneM2M is to create specifications that cater to the requirements of a generic service layer, which can be seamlessly integrated into various hardware and software This foundation enables the connection of numerous devices in the field to application servers globally.
The primary goal of oneM2M is to actively engage with organizations in sectors related to M2M, including telecommunications, smart transportation, healthcare, public utilities, and public automation This initiative also encompasses smart homes and smart agriculture Initially, oneM2M will prepare, approve, and maintain the necessary specific parameters and technical reports.
• Cas d’utilisation et exigences pour un ensemble commun de capacité de la couche Service ;
The service layer encompasses both high-level and detailed architectural aspects, focusing on an independent view of end-to-end service access.
• Protocole /API objet standard basé sur cette architecture(interface et proto- cole ouverts) ;
• Capacité d’accéder et explorer les applications ;
• Collecter des données pour les profils de facturation(utilisés à fin des fins de facturation et de statistiques.
• Modélisation de l’information et gestion des données y compris les fonctions de stockages et d’enregistrement et notification.
• Aspects de sécurité et de confidentialité (authentification, cryptage, vérifica- tion de l’intégrité) ;
• Accessibilité et découverte des applications ;
• Interopérabilité, y compris les spécifications de test et de conformité.
3 https ://www.onem2m.org/about-onem2m/why-onem2m
FIGURE3.1 – Intégration basée sur la plate-forme norme ouverte
Cela se fait par une couche de services accessibles à travers une interface (API) standardisée 4 Les différents protocoles sous-jacents sont ainsi abstraits et inclus dans une vision homogénéisée.
Architecture proposée par le standard oneM2M
The system will be modeled through various entities, beginning with Application Entities (AE) that represent the different applications connected to our system, including high-level applications, user interfaces, and even the objects themselves Next, the layer of services provided by various systems is represented by Common Services Entities (CSE), which enable applications to register within their system and offer various services related to the standard Finally, the lowest layer concerning the physical transport of data across communication networks will interact with the service layers, providing an abstraction of this transport layer.
4 https ://openclassrooms.com/fr/courses/5079046-mettez-en-place-une-architecture-pour- objets-connectes-avec-le-standard-onem2m/5079331-prenez-en-main-le-standard-onem2m
5 https ://www.onem2m.org/membership/current-members
FIGURE3.2 – Architecture standard de oneM2M
Les trois(3) couches du standard oneM2M :
The application layer (AE) represents the various applications connected to the oneM2M system, including user-level applications and the objects themselves The Mca interface facilitates communication between the AE and the Common Services Entity (CSE).
The Service Layer (CSE) enables applications to register within the oneM2M system, providing various services in accordance with the oneM2M standard This Mcc interface facilitates communication between the CSEs, ensuring seamless interaction and functionality within the network.
• Couche réseaux : cette couche est la couche la plus base qui assure le transport de données et la communication dans le réseaux.
Services fournis par le (CSE)
From a functional perspective, oneM2M has established fourteen common service functions (CSF) that encompass network connectivity, device security, transport protocols, content serialization, IoT device services and management, as well as IoT semantic ontologies.
6 https ://www.onem2m.org/application-developer-guide/procedures/registration-call-flow
7 https ://www.onem2m.org/images/files/IIC o neM2M W hi t ep aper f i nal 2 019 1 2 1 2.pd f
FIGURE3.3 – Les services de (CSE)
Points forts et faibles de la plate forme oneM2M
Reduced costs (CAPEX) are achieved through lower deployment expenses due to a functional library, allowing programmers to focus on application development rather than underlying communications This approach also benefits from economies of scale within the horizontal service layer, utilizing common functions for diverse applications.
Reducing operational costs (OPEX) can be achieved through effective communication focused on policies and event-driven triggers, as well as by sharing sensor data for multiple uses Additionally, optimizing transportation by utilizing the best network for the company's needs can lead to significant savings.
• Réduit la fragmentation : couche de services communs pour différents sec- teurs et segments élimine le besoin de plates-formes spécifiques aux applica- tions.
• Permet de nouvelles opportunités commerciales : innovation de service et op- portunités d’application grâce au partage croisé des ressources et des données.
• Il est interopérable avec les normes héritées, à savoir M2M, OMA léger M2M etc.
• L’ utilise une architecture basée sur le Web (c’est-à-dire RESTful) Par consé- quent, il peut facilement découvrir et accéder aux ressources (données ou ap- pareils).
• Beaucoup de connexions par appareil ;
• Un Appareil ne peut pas faire des ôappels de jugementằ autonomes sur la confi- dentialité.
• M2M / IoT peut exposer des informations sur nos vies.
• CSE doit déterminer "Dois-je autoriser l’accès".
• Peut demander à l’homme de faire un appel de jugement au cas par cas.
• CSE à besoin de règles claires.
• Fin, pour mettre fin à la sécurité des messages ;
• Il doit gérer une grande variété de déploiements.
• Tout appareil dans n’importe quel déploiement doit inter opérer.
Dans ce chapitre, nous parlons des responsabilités qui m’ont été confiées dans le projet ONEFarm au cours de mon stage à VNPT-Technology.
ONEFarm
ONEFarm's smart agriculture solution is built on the oneM2M platform by VNPT, utilizing IoT technology to automate the agricultural production process from cultivation to market distribution This innovative approach enhances both productivity and the quality of agricultural products.
The solution includes monitoring, control, and process management tools It allows for comprehensive oversight of the entire process, from production to harvesting, transformation, and transportation, ensuring compliance with design standards to meet high-tech farm models.
The solution caters to various agricultural models, offering highly customizable and scalable capabilities It enables the rapid and flexible deployment of practical agricultural practices.
The oneM2M standard is an open-source platform designed for developing IoT solutions, supported by equipment manufacturers and deployed by telecom operators It actively engages commercial organizations related to M2M, including sectors such as telematics, transportation, healthcare, industrial automation, utilities, smart homes, and smart agriculture OneM2M is responsible for preparing, approving, and maintaining a comprehensive set of technical specifications and reports for various applications.
1 https ://www.onem2m.org/about-onem2m/why-onem2m.
Technologie de RabbitMQ
We utilized RabbitMQ technology, which has been installed and configured to facilitate communication between microservices through message sending This technology acts as a broker to ensure effective communication among multiple microservices, consisting of two types of queues: Topic and Queue When sending messages to all microservices, we use the Queue, which stores messages until the client is available to receive them In contrast, when we need to send a message to a single client, we utilize the Topic queue, which is designated specifically for one client.
RabbitMQ is a message broker technology implemented in software to relay messages from a source (sender) to a destination (receiver), which can be different microservices It facilitates graceful management of application downtime or failures by allowing messages to be stored when a destination microservice is down Consequently, when the recipient microservice becomes active again, it can retrieve the stored messages from the message broker.
To install RabbitMQ, first download and install Erlang in your preferred directory Next, download RabbitMQ and ensure it is configured in the same directory as Erlang RabbitMQ offers a management dashboard accessible via a web browser, allowing you to manage and monitor the RabbitMQ server through an HTTP-based API.
1 Étape 1 : Ouvrez l’invite de commande et accédez au dossier sbin dans le réper- toire ou se trouve votre répertoire de rabbitMQ.
2 Étape 2 : Activez le tableau de bord de gestion à l’aide de la commande : rabbitmq- plugins enable rabbitmq_management.
3 Étape 3 : Démarrez RabbitMQ Exécuter la commande : rabbitmq_server.bat
La commande ci-dessus démarre la console de gestion dans le port par défaut 15672.
4 Étape 4 : Ouvrez votre navigateur et visitez http ://172.0.0.1 :15672 Le nom de l’utilisateur est quest et le mot de passe par défaut est guest 2
FIGURE4.2 – Tableau de bord RabbitMQ
Une architecture descriptive pour utilisation de RabbitMQ pour échanger de mes- sage entre les micro services en Java.
To send a message to the queue, create a class named Send.java, which includes the code for message transmission and the @Profile annotation, indicating that it operates independently under the send profile For receiving messages from the queue, develop a class called Receive.java, which will function under the receive profile Additionally, ensure to create the receive profile as previously established.
To test sending and receiving messages, first run the application using the 'send' configuration, where you will see a "Message sent" notification in the console Next, navigate to the RabbitMQ dashboard, click on the Queues tab, expand Messages, and select Get Messages to view the "Welcome to RabbitMQ" message Then, return to your IDE and execute the application with the 'receive' configuration Once the application is running, the console will display that the message has been received.
In conclusion, go back and check the RabbitMQ Dashboard for messages; you will notice that they are no longer present Once a message is published, it is retrieved and removed from the queue.
Interface de communication entre le système oneM2M et les systèmes
Liste des cas d’utilisation des IPEs
5 https ://www.onem2m.org/tr-0039/implementation/device-adapter-ipe-ae
FIGURE4.5 – Diagramme de cas d’utilisation
Création d’un appareil
Lorsque l’utilisateur crée un appareil sur le Web, via le module API HTTP, il en- voie une demande de création d’un appareil à l’IPE :
FIGURE4.6 – Architecture création d’un appareil
• IPE crée une ressource AE ;
• IPE effectue la création de conteneurs AE ;
• IPE met en œuvre l’abonnement AE ;
• L’IPE fonctionne de manière synchrone avec d’autres IPE ;
• IPE répond au résultat à l’API HTTP ;
• L’utilisateur supprime l’appareil sur le Web, via le module API HTTP pour en- voyer une commande pour supprimer l’appareil sur l’IPE ;
• IPE reỗoit la commande, exộcute l’appareil et se synchronise avec d’autres ap- pareils.
• IPE de démarrage enverra une demande pour obtenir la liste des périphériques IPE dans l’orchestration ;
• L’orchestration envoie des demandes via le module de gestion des appareils pour obtenir des informations.
• La gestion des appareils exécute une demande de recherche et de réponse à l’orchestration ;
• IPE Farm reỗoit le rộsultat de l’exộcution envoie une demande pour obtenir la liste des périphériques d’un autre IPE à synchroniser.
• L’autre ferme IPE reỗoit les informations, exộcute la requờte et rộpond.
• IPE Farm effectue la mise à jour de la liste des périphériques.
Suppression d’un appareil
The user removes the device online by using the HTTP API module to send a command for deletion to the IPE Upon receiving the command, the IPE executes the removal of the device and synchronizes with other connected devices.
Création d’un utilisateur
L’utilisateur du locataire effectue la déclaration via une application Web ou une API L’API HTTP accepte cette demande de déclaration.
• L’API HTTP passe de HTTP à AMQP et envoie la demande d’enregistrement createUser à Tenant Management ;
• Gestion des locataires verifyAccessToken () avec authentification ;
• Tenant Management crée tenantId si vous demandez à créer tenantAdmin () ;
• La gestion des locataires nécessite createActivationToken () pour que le nouvel utilisateur puisse s’authentifier ;
• L’authentification renvoie activationLink avec activationToken intégré à Te- nant Management.
• La gestion des locataires envoie le lien d’activation à l’adresse e-mail enregis- trée de l’utilisateur ;
• L’utilisateur clique sur le lien d’activation et saisit un nouveau mot de passe. L’API HTTP reỗoit la demande d’activation, transmet la demande d’activation (activationToken, mot de passe) à Authentication Authorization.
• L’authentification vérifie la validité du jeton et répond à une demande d’acti- vation ;
• L’authentification et l’autorisation stockent les informations utilisateur.
• L’utilisateur effectue la connexion (tenantId, appID, appSceretKey, nom d’uti- lisateur, mot de passe) avec le compte déclaré à l’API HTTP.
• HTTP-API redirige la connexion vers l’authentification ;
• L’authentification authentifie l’application qui envoie la demande verifyApp () à l’aide de appSceretKey ;
• L’authentification authentifie l’utilisateur verifyUser () avec le nom d’utilisa- teur et le mot de passe ;
• L’authentification crée un jeton d’authentification pour les paires ; utilisateur et application et stocke la paire appSceretKey et jeton.
• L’authentification répond à la connexion à HTTP-API ;
• L’API HTTP convertit la réponse de connexion d’AMQP en HTTP et la renvoie à l’utilisateur.
Création d’une application
• L’utilisateur du locataire effectue la déclaration via une application Web ou une API L’API HTTP accepte cette demande de déclaration.
• L’API HTTP passe de HTTP à AMQP et envoie la demande d’enregistrement createUser à Tenant Management ;
• Gestion des locataires verifyAccessToken () avec authentification ;
• Tenant Management crée tenantId si vous demandez à créer tenantAdmin () ;
• La gestion des locataires nécessite createActivationToken () pour que le nouvel utilisateur puisse s’authentifier ;
• L’authentification renvoie activationLink avec activationToken intégré à Te- nant Management.
Contrôle des appareils
• L’application exécute une demande de contrôle de périphérique à l’API HTTP ;
• L’API HTTP passe de HTTP à AMQP et envoie des requêtes callAPI (token, de- viceId) à l’authentification ;
• L’authentification effectue le contrôle d’exactitude d’un jeton par rapport à cette demande avec verifyToken () ;
• L’authentification effectue le contrôle d’interopérabilité de l’appareil de cette demande avec verifyDevicePermission () Ensuite, il transmet cette demande à Device Management ;
• Device Management reỗoit et transmet cette demande à l’adaptateur MQTT/a- daptateur CoAP ;
• L’adaptateur MQTT/l’adaptateur CoAP répond aux informations de demande reỗues à Device Management L’adaptateur MQTT/l’adaptateur CoAP interagit ensuite avec l’appareil à l’aide de protocoles réseau.
• La gestion des périphériques répond à la demande d’authentification.
• L’authentification répond à la demande adressée à l’API HTTP L’API HTTP ré- pond à l’application.
Commande
• L’application envoie une demande de publication (cmd) contenant la commande à l’API HTTP ;
• L’API HTTP convertit la demande de publication (cmd) de HTTP en AMQP et l’envoie à l’abonné et à la notification ;
• L’abonnement et la notification obtiennentBroker () et publient (cmd) au cour-
• L’abonnement répond à publish () et envoie à l’API HTTP ;
• L’API HTTP convertit la réponse publish () d’AMQP en HTTP et l’envoie à l’ap- plication.
Gestion des saisons
Création d’une saison
Une fois que l’utilisateur se connectent avec succès dans le système, l’utilisateur peut créer des saisons Il peut faire ajout, affiché les détails, modifier et supprimer leur saison.
Liste des cas d’utilisation des saisons
Cette (diagramme) de cas d’utilisation permet aux utilisateurs d’enregistrer un compte en utilisant le système par e-mail ou numéro de téléphone.
FIGURE4.8 – Diagramme de cas d’utilisation
• Voir la liste des saison ;
• Modifier les informations de base ;
• Voir les détails de la saison ;
• Partager la maison avec les membres.
Gestions des appareils
Création d’une caméras
Les utilisateurs peuvent créer des caméras et configurer selon leurs besoins.
Liste des cas d’utilisation des caméras
FIGURE4.9 – Diagramme de cas d’utilisation
• Voir la liste des caméras par ferme ;
• Afficher les détails de la caméra ;
• Les utilisateurs peuvent voir le flux en direct / lecture de la caméra en mode portrait et paysage.
• Afficher les notifications de la caméra ;
• Paramètres de configuration de la caméra ;
• Définir le nom, le fuseau horaire, la langue, activer / désactiver le sommeil, enregistrer, mode d’enregistrement ;
• Mettre à jour le logiciel, définir le mot de passe pour la caméra, se connecter ;
• Autoriser l’ajout, la suppression de la caméra dans la vue Galerie
• Désactiver les sons de notification de l’appareil photo.
Tableau comparative entre oneFarm et quelques Plates formes IoT
FIGURE4.10 – Tableau de comparatif de la solution oneFarm aux Plateformes IoT
The above table summarizes a comparative study between our ONEFarm solution and several IoT platforms It highlights that ONEFarm utilizes Device Management for device oversight, while other platforms rely on their own device management modules, such as Azure IoT Central (Azure IoT Hub), SiteWere IoT (OpenHAB), ThinkSpeak IoT (ThinkSpeak), and Mainflux IoT (NGINX).
Mais pour l’intégration, la sécurité et les protocoles de collectes des données uti- lises presque les même protocoles respectivement l’API REST, le chiffrement et leHTTP/MQTT/WebSocket.
In this section, we present the various results obtained from our solution following its implementation in the previous chapter We also conduct tests for each feature and interpret the results obtained.
Interfaces de l’IPE
FIGURE5.1 – Interfaces de gestion des IPEs
Ces interfaces4.3.2permettent aux utilisateurs d’effectuer un ensemble d’opé- ration comme :
• Création d’une ressource AE, gérer l’abonnement et exécuter des appareils de faỗon synchrone.
• Elle assure la suppression, l’enregistrement dans le système et le contrôle des appareils.
• La création des utilisateurs en leurs donnant les droits d’effectuer une cer- taines opérations.
• Elle permet également la gestion de la sécurité et la gestion des commandes de notification et l’abonnement dans le Cloud ONEM2M.
Interfaces des saisons
FIGURE5.2 – Interfaces de gestion des saisons
Cette interface, permettent aux utilisateurs de créer des saisons dans une délai bien défini Les données d’entrée pour la création4.4.1sont :
• Le nom de la saison ;
• Le code de la saison qui est unique pour chaque saison ;
• Préciser la date de début et la date de fin de votre saison ;
• Préciser le nom du produit ;
• Préciser la description du produit.
• Cliquez sur le bouton Enregistrer.
• Sur cette interface nous avons trois boutons qui assurent l’enregistrement, la suppression et la modification.
In season management, we observe the evolution of newly created processes, including New, Processing, and Finished Additionally, there are options to modify, delete, and share these processes with team members.
Interface de configuration des appareils
Interface des Caméras
FIGURE5.4 – Interfaces de gestion des caméras
Cette fonction permet aux propriétaires d’enregistrer et de gérer l’équipement de caméra dans leurs fermes.
• Enregistrement de l’utilisateur de la caméra.
• Mettre en place des caméras de surveillance et de contrôle Les données d’en- trée pour l’enregistrement d’une caméra4.5.1sont :
• Le nom de la caméra ;
• Le numéro de série qui est unique pour chaque dispositif créer.
• Préciser le temps d’envoyé un message ;
Par rapport à la gestion des caméras, l’utilisateur peut ajouter, supprimer, modifier, partager avec ces membres et vous trouverez les caractéristiques principale4.5.2de la liste d’utilisation.
Dans la programmation informatique, les tests unitaires sont une méthode de
CHAPITRE 5 EXPÉRIMENTATIONS & RÉSULTATS plusieurs modules de programme informatique avec les données de contrôle asso- ciées, les procédures d’utilisation et les procédures d’exploitation - sont testées pour déterminer si elles sont aptes à l’utilisation.
Unit tests (UT) validate the compliance of each software component against its detailed specification This type of software testing focuses on individual units or components to ensure that each part of the code functions as intended Typically performed by developers during the application development phase, unit tests isolate specific sections of code to verify their accuracy An individual unit can be a function, method, procedure, module, or object We utilized JUnit for our unit testing, which provides assertions to identify the testing method This tool first tests the data before inserting it into the code segment.
Integration Testing (IT) focuses primarily on the interactions between modules, examining the integrated connections and data transfer between components that have already been individually tested This process ensures that the functionality and other testing aspects work seamlessly together.
Validation tests (TV) are black-box tests aimed at verifying the existence of software specifications The primary goal of software validation is to ensure the correct implementation of high-level software requirements In addition to testing these requirements, validation also assesses the interfaces between the software and other system elements, such as protocols, messages, and signals It examines the software's behavior under various scenarios (use cases), adherence to real-time constraints at the software's inputs and outputs, and the software's robustness by considering error cases, impossible scenarios, and rare or unusual use cases Furthermore, it evaluates the order of software actions in response to events, including product lifecycle tests like factory tests, diagnostics, updates, stability, and performance.
Environnement de travail
Environnement matériel
Pour le développement et les expérimentations nous avons utilisé un ordinateur avec les caractéristiques suivantes :
• Processeur : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4770 CPU@2.3GHz 64 bits
Environnement logiciel
Nous regroupons dans le tableau ci-dessous l’ensemble des technologies utilisés dans notre l’environnement de travail.
FIGURE5.5 – Tableau des technologies utilisées
Problèmes rencontrés
Durant cette période stage, nous avions rencontré deux problèmes :
I face a communication challenge with my team, as none of them speak English or French When I receive my daily tasks in Vietnamese, I have to rely on Google Translate to understand my responsibilities, but the translations are often inaccurate.
• Le manque de ressources matérielles, lorsque s’exécute toutes les micros ser- vices ma machine se plantes pendant des minutes et parfois je suis obligé d’éteindre la machine.
The contributions highlight the seamless integration of IoT within the agricultural ecosystem An application serves as a composition of various services located on diverse devices such as sensors, actuators, and cloud gateways Contrary to expectations, there is no clear segmentation between IoT and Cloud; instead, IoT is an integral part of a unified global ecosystem Additionally, we have implemented several automation features to ensure quick response times and minimal human intervention Our goal was to demonstrate how to design flexible and reusable applications that incorporate quality control mechanisms, allowing users to have a cohesive view of all accessible services These services can be arranged as needed, thereby enhancing and streamlining organizational processes.
Perspectives
Pour pouvoir contrôler l’environnement de plantes ou des fermes on pourra faire appel à d’autres capteurs et des actionneurs qu’on pourra commander à distance ou une manière automatique via l’Internet.
VNPT-Technologie's ONEFarm system is supported by a mobile application that is currently in development As an evolving platform, version 1.2 of ONEFarm is designed to manage a wide range of devices, including gateways, smart switches, motion detectors, sensors, smoke detectors, and temperature and humidity sensors.
• Ensuite, il sera édité, complété et amélioré pour devenir des produits commer- ciaux pouvant être déployés auprès de nombreux clients de la production agri- cole.
• Entreposage et sortie avec matériaux et produits manufacturés ;
• Ajout de l’intộgration de la section traỗabilitộ prờte à s’intộgrer dans le systốme national de traỗabilitộ ;
• Identification des ravageurs et des maladies ;
• Le système doit se réunir pour permettre le déploiement dans le Cloud privée et public.
[1] P Matta, B Pant, and M Arora, “All you want to know about internet of things (iot),” in 2017 International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA) , pp 1306–1311, IEEE, 2017.
[2] C Zulkifli and N Noor, “Wireless sensor network and internet of things (iot) so- lution in agriculture.,” Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology , vol 25, no 1,
In their 2012 study published in Forest Policy and Economics, Van Gossum, Arts, and Verheyen explore the concept of "smart regulation" and its potential to address the dual objectives of forest policy—expansion and sustainability—in Flanders and the Netherlands They analyze the effectiveness of policy instrument design in achieving these goals, emphasizing the need for innovative regulatory approaches to enhance forest management practices.
[4] J Guth, U Breitenbücher, M Falkenthal, F Leymann, and L Reinfurt, “Com- parison of iot platform architectures : A field study based on a reference archi- tecture,” in 2016 Cloudification of the Internet of Things (CIoT) , pp 1–6, IEEE,
The article by Mul, Williams, and Cofie discusses the landscape of scientific, political, and financial aspects of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in West Africa, with a focus on the water resources sector It emphasizes the importance of integrating sustainable practices to enhance agricultural resilience in the face of climate change The authors highlight the need for collaborative efforts among stakeholders to promote effective water management and support CSA initiatives in the region.
The article by P Savadogo and R Zougmoré explores the scientific, political, and financial landscape of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in West Africa, focusing specifically on the forestry and agroforestry sectors It highlights the importance of integrating sustainable practices to enhance resilience against climate change while promoting economic development in the region The authors emphasize the need for collaborative efforts among stakeholders to effectively implement CSA strategies that address both environmental and socio-economic challenges in West Africa.
[7] B Di Martino, M Rak, M Ficco, A Esposito, S A Maisto, and S Nacchia, “Inter- net of things reference architectures, security and interoperability : A survey,”
Internet of Things , vol 1, pp 99–112, 2018.
[8] R C Motta, K M de Oliveira, and G H Travassos, “On challenges in enginee- ring iot software systems,” in Proceedings of the XXXII Brazilian symposium on software engineering , pp 42–51, 2018.
[9] L F Rahman, T Ozcelebi, and J J Lukkien, “Choosing your iot programming framework : Architectural aspects,” in 2016 IEEE 4th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud) , pp 293–300, IEEE, 2016.
[10] M A Prada, P Reguera, S Alonso, A Morán, J J Fuertes, and M Domínguez,
“Communication with resource-constrained devices through mqtt for control education,” IFAC-PapersOnLine , vol 49, no 6, pp 150–155, 2016.
[11] H A Waridan et al , Firewall Optimization Model for IoT Security PhD thesis,
[12] A S Kumar, G Suseendran, D Akila, and C Priya, “Computerized agricultu- ral storage manipulation system using iot techniques,” network , vol 4, no 12,
[13] R Khan, S U Khan, R Zaheer, and S Khan, “Future internet : the internet of things architecture, possible applications and key challenges,” in 2012 10th international conference on frontiers of information technology , pp 257–260,
In their 2015 article, Salim and Haque explore the concept of urban computing, focusing on large-scale participation and citizen engagement with ubiquitous computing, cyber-physical systems, and the Internet of Things The study, published in the International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, highlights the significance of integrating technology into urban environments to enhance civic involvement and improve the quality of life in cities.
[15] J Green, “The internet of things reference model,” in Internet of Things World Forum , pp 1–12, 2014.
[16] P J Brockwell, R A Davis, and M V Calder, Introduction to time series and fo- recasting , vol 2 Springer, 2002.
[17] M Lee, J Hwang, and H Yoe, “Agricultural production system based on iot,” in
2013 IEEE 16Th international conference on computational science and engi- neering , pp 833–837, IEEE, 2013.
[18] J Yun, I.-Y Ahn, J Song, and J Kim, “Implementation of sensing and actuation capabilities for iot devices using onem2m platforms,” Sensors , vol 19, no 20, p 4567, 2019.
[19] S Bandyopadhyay, M Sengupta, S Maiti, and S Dutta, “Role of middleware for internet of things : A study,” International Journal of Computer Science and En- gineering Survey , vol 2, no 3, pp 94–105, 2011.
[20] M Razzaque, M Milojevic-Jevric, A Palade, and S Clarke, “Middleware for in- ternet of things : a survey ieee internet things j 3, 70–95 (2016),” 2015.
[21] A H Ngu, M Gutierrez, V Metsis, S Nepal, and Q Z Sheng, “Iot middleware :
A survey on issues and enabling technologies,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal , vol 4, no 1, pp 1–20, 2016.
[22] H S Kang, J Y Lee, S Choi, H Kim, J H Park, J Y Son, B H Kim, and
S Do Noh, “Smart manufacturing : Past research, present findings, and future directions,” International journal of precision engineering and manufacturing- green technology , vol 3, no 1, pp 111–128, 2016.
[23] M E Porter and J E Heppelmann, “How smart, connected products are trans-