Electrical circuit exercise report traffic light circuit design

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY tt BK TP.HCM ELECTRICAL CIRCUTT EXERCISE REPORT TRAFFIC LIGHT CIRC

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

tt

BK TP.HCM

ELECTRICAL CIRCUTT EXERCISE REPORT

TRAFFIC LIGHT CIRCUIT DESIGN

Instructor: Huynh Hoang Kha Students:Team 10

Ha Trung Quyen - 2014314 Dang Gia Thinh - 2014591 Lau Sam Tuong - 2015007

HO CHI MINH CITY, 12/2021

- Realistic

3.1 Functon simulaHOon c c c c Q LH HQ HH HQ Q vn k va 3.1.1 Souree Simulaion HH HH HQ k k va 3.12 Clock generatesimulaion .Ặ Q Q Q Q Q ẶỤ 3.13 Full circuitsimulalion Q2 3.2 PCB2Dproduct Q.0 Q Qua 3.3 PCB3Dproduct Q Q Q Qua

— Summary

4.1 Aboutknowledge 2.2 0.0.0 00 Q Q HQ Q Q k k va 4.2 Aboutfproduct c Q Q HQ HQ ng Q k na

Nee

Danh sách bảng

ii

LM7809 3D body 0.2 2 Q Q Q Q Qua 9 470uF Capacitor on the market 2 2.0.0.0 0002000000008 10 470uE aluminum capacitor datasheet 10 470uE aluminum capacitor datasheet 11 470uF aluminum capacitor foofprini 11 470uF aluminum capacitor 3d body 2.2 ee 12 470uF aluminum capacitor 3d body 2.2 ee 12 10nF Capacitor on the market 2 ẶQ Q Q Q H ẶỢ 13 capacitor with 0603 packed datashet 13 capacitor with 0603 Íootprin Ặ Q Q Q HQ HQ HH 14

0603 capacitor 3d body 2 Q Q Q HQ HH ra 14

0603 capacitor with 3đ body Q HQ Ha 14 Debouncing button 2 Q Q Q Q Q Qua 16 12x12 tactile switch on the martket 17 Switch button đimensionindatahet 17 Button ÍoofprInL Q Q Q HQ HH Ta 18 Button ÍoofprInL Q Q Q HQ HH Ta 18 Button ÍoofprInL Q Q Q HQ HH Ta 19 Button ÍoofprInL Q Q Q HQ HH Ta 19 3D body of switch buffon QẶ Q Q Q Q Q Q HQ HH Ha 20 3D body of switch buffon QẶ Q Q Q Q Q Q HQ HH Ha 20 3D body of switch buffon QẶ Q Q Q Q Q Q HQ HH Ha 21 100nF capacitor with 0603 packed onthematke 21 10k resistor on the market Ặ ẶQẶ QẶ Q Q0 Q HQ HH 22

0805 packed resistordatasheet Ặ ẶQẶ Q QQ QQ QH 22

0805 packed footprint inalium 23

0805 packed resitor 3d body 2 2 QQ Q Q Q R 23

0805 packed resitor 3d body 2 2 QQ Q Q Q R 23 Displaying unit 2 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q ng va 24 The 7-segment led Q Q Q Qua 25 The 7-segment led datasheet .ẶẶQẶ Ặ.QQẶ QQ 26 The 7-segment led Íootprint Ặ ee, 26

11

The 7-segment led footprint 6 ee ee 27

diode led datasheet 2 0 ee 29

diode led 3d body 2 Q Q Q Q HQ HH kia 30

1N4007 diode datasheet 0 Ặ Q Q Q HQ HQ Q Q Q 32 1N4007 diode datasheet Ặ Ặ Q Q Q HQ HQ Q Q Q 33 IN40073dbody Q Q Q Q Qua 33 The internal logic construction of 555IC 2 2 34 5551C astablemode .2 02.02 00.00.0000 00 00000008 35 5551C astablemode .2 02.02 00.00.0000 00 00000008 35 5551C astablemode .2 02.02 00.00.0000 00 00000008 36 5551C astablemode .2 02.02 00.00.0000 00 00000008 36 clock generator block 2 De 37

NESSS5DIC Datasheet 2 0000000000000 00002000008.4 39 NESS5S5D IC FootPrint Size Q Q HQ HQ SH 39 NESSS5DIC 3D Body 2 Q Q QQ Q R 40 NESSS5DIC 3D Body 2 Q Q QQ Q R 40 10uF non-polar capacIOT Q Qua Al 1uF polar1zed capaCIOT Qua 42 Capacitor datasheet Q Q HQ HH HQ Ra 43 Capacitor ÍOOfPTIN SIZ6 Q Q HQ HH gu Ha 43 Capacitor3D body Q Q Q Q Q HQ Ha 44 Capacitor3D body Q Q Q Q Q HQ Ha 44 1ÔkohmresislOr QC Q Q Q Q HH HH HQ Q n k và 45 750k ohmfreSiSIOT Q Q Q Q Q Q H u n u v v xa 45

IC 74HC4017 onthe market 2 QẶ Q QQẶ Q ee 47 74HC4017 footprint datasheet © 2 ee, 47 74HC4017 footprint size Qua 48 74HC4017 footprint size Qua 49 74HC4017 footprint size Qua 50 SN74SL192 On the market 2 2 ee, 50 SN74LS247 on the market 2 ee Ặ 51 CD4071BM on the market 0 ee 52 CD4071BM footprint datasheet 2 2.2 ee, 52 CD4071BM footprint size 2 Q Q Q Q Ha 53 CD4071BM 3d body 2 -0.0020020 00200000000 00000004 53 CD4071BM 3D Body 2 0.020002 QQ Q Q Q 54

Chương 1

Introduction

1.1 Preface

The development of technology has not stopped completely changing the world in terms

of people, perceptions, skills We need to go back to the early history of basic technology, when we were children when we were young Surely everyone has wondered about things going

on around them, like how does a traffic light work, hidden deep inside the circuit, how does it

work? Since then we’ve had it consciously learn and feel this issue is practical, interesting The effect of traffic lights is extremely important in distributing traffic, avoiding traffic jams, traffic accidents, etc We will implement this project based on the knowledge learned from the electronic circuit department to gain insight into how it works and enhance your expertise

1.2 Requirements

Propose an idea to design a circuit board consisting of the following 3 functional blocks:

- Power supply block

An overview of the idea

- Design the schematic diagram (explain more if necessary)

Component selection, each component is selected, clearly explaining the reason for selec- tion, along with parameters of size, footprint, 3D image

- Set PCB design rules (including track widths, clearances, ) and explain the setting of design rules

PCB layout

- Export 3D images

- Comment on results, learn from experience, and draw conclusions

1

1.—- Report layout

- Chapter 1: Introduce about the topic

- Chapter 2: Introduce and explain each function block contained in an electrical circuit Then steps to design a electrical circuit

- Chapter 3: Realistic, overall review of the finished product

- Chapter 4: Summary What do you get after completing a design?

Chương 2

Design

2.1 Overview each block

"NH&UO CHAEN HAENH SCHEMATIC VAAO AOAAY NHA"

The construction of 4-way traffic circuit include three main blocks:

* Source block: Our team have decided the voltage threshold for high voltage level will be 9V and low voltage level will be OV For this reason, we use regulator IC to generate a fixed 9V input source

* Peripheral block: Control the circuit and displaying the result

2.2 Design each block

2.2.1 Source block

* For the source block, IC LM7805CT regulator is used to generate fixed 5V input source

This ic datasheet is show as follow:

Electrical Characteristics (LM7805)

Refer to the test circuit, -40°C < T, < 125°C, lp = 500 mA, V, = 10 V, C, = 0.1 yt F, unless otherwise specified

2 lo = 5 mA to 1.5A 9.0 100.0 Regload Load Regulation! ) Ty = +25°C mV

lo = 250 mA to 750 mA 4.0 50.0

la Quiescent Current Ty = +25°C 5 8 mA

Quiescent Current lo = 5 mA to 1A 0.03 | 0.50

Alg Change Vị= 7 Vto25 V 0.30 | 1.30 mA

AVo/AT | Output Voltage DrifS) | lọ=5mA -0.8 mV/°C

VN Output Noise Voltage f = 10 Hz to 100 kHz, T, = +25°C 42 uV

RR Ripple Rejection(S) f= 120 Hz, Vị = 8 V to 18 V 62 73 dB

VpRop Dropout Voltage Tụ = +25°C lo =1A 2 Vv

Ro Output Resistance!) f=1 kHz 15 mQ lsc Short-Circuit Current T¿ = +25°C, Vị = 35 V 230 mA

lpk Peak Current’) Ty = +25°C 2.2 A

Notes:

2 Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature Changes in Vo due to heating effects must be taken into account separately Pulse testing with low duty is used

3 These parameters, although guaranteed, are not 100% tested in production

Hinh 2.1: LM7805’s data sheet

Design the source :

About LM7805CT, the LM7805CT is a Linear Voltage Regulator A voltage goes in one side, and a smaller voltage goes out from the other side

For this regulator to work functionally, the voltage difference between input and output voltage must at least more than dropout voltage Our input voltage is 22V (220V after transformed using potential transformer and rectifier ), so this requirement is met The next thing to consider is choosing capacitors to maintain stability of the regulator and smoothing the ripple

The input capacitors is needed to prevent the voltage from dipping below the drop-out voltage and to attenuate any high frequency noise Because the input 22V only just going

through the rectifier, so in this circuit, to stabilize, two capacitors: 470uF one to store

large charge and the 0.01uF to handle high frequency noise

0.01uF capacitor is also used on output side of the regulator to prevent noise

From the explaination above, our team construct the source block as follow :

0

230 V Pri 0-9 v Sec +

Hình 2.2: Source block is highlighted in red box

* Max input voltage 50V

* Package style TO-220-3

1+ 6.000

Số lượng mua: vi 1 +

20+ 5 900

# Thêm vao gid hang 50+ 5.800

® Yêu thích Siao hàng toàn quốc

* 0 Phan ho: Ei lv; cop Thanh toản khi nhận hãng

Ww cam kết đổItrả nâng

Hình 2.4: LM7805 on the market

SUPPLIER "B" PACKAGE SHAPE Ø4.00

Hình 2.7: LM7805 3D body

Hình 2.8: LM7809 3D body

b) Aluminum capacitor —70uF

* Capacitance value 470uF

cop Thanh toan khi nhan hang

\y Cam két d6i/tra hang

Hinh 2.9: 470uF Capacitor on the market

@ Dimensions in mm (not to scale) (Unit : mm)

E | 80| 62403 | 83| 95 max | 34 | 065401 | 22 | 0.35733

F | 80] 10.2203 | &3| 100 max | 34 | 090+0.2 | 31 | 070«0.2

G |!00| 102203 |103| 120 max | 35 | 090+0.2 | 46 | 0.7020.2 H13 } 125] 135205 | 135] 150 max | 4.7 | 0.9020.3 | 44 | 0.70203 J16 | 16.0] 16.5205 | 17.0| 19.0 max | 55 | 1.20203 | 67 | 070«0.3 K16 | 18.0] 165205 | 19.0] 21.0 max | 67 | 1.20203 | 67 | 0.70203

* The footprint type of this capacitor 1s HI3 :

=> yey L ~~ L - ow

® Vibration-proof products When size “a” is wide, back fi llet can be made, decreasing fi ting strength

< Size code : D, D8 > c (Table of board land size vs size)

< Size code: E, F, G, H, J, K > c * Take mounting conditions, solderability and fi tting strength into When size “A" is wide, back fi llet can be made, decreasing fi tting strength

consideration when selecting parts for your company’s design

* The vibration-proof capacitors of size 06.3 has support terminals extending

from the bottom side to the lead edge Then, make sure to find

appropriate soldering conditions to form fillet on the support terminals if required for appearance inspection

ssign and specifications are each subject to change without notice Ask factory for the current technical specifications before purchase and/or use

Hinh 2.11: 470uF aluminum capacitor datasheet

* follow this footprint guide, our pad in altium will like this:

a Hàng còn: 416 Gói(10con) Số lượng mua Đơn giá

V2 (Gửi hàng trong ngày) (Göi(10con)) (VND)

Số lượng mua: - 1 sb

Regb(— # Thêm vào giỏ hàng 200+ 2.080

® Yêu thích Giao hàng toàn quốc

|Z«| 0 Phản hồi RoHS Ei © coo Thanh toán khi nhân hàng

at

FT

2 (4mm) Tin (Sal00) over Nickel (Nid

Quick View Side View Detail

Hình 2.17: capacitor with 0603 footprint

* Note*: All the non-polar capacitor with 0603 used in this circuit will have the same foot print and datasheet as sated above

2.2.2 Peripheral block

Restart button:

* The button is constructed using "debouncing” button design

* Restart button will Restart the circuit when press This unit will connect to the master reset pin of counting ic in this circuit

* Because all the counting ic (74192 and 4017) have high active master reset pin, so we will need a reset button with high signal when press

Design the Restart button:

® To have switch button with low signal (OV) when idle and high signal (5V) when press,

we will need a pull down resistor (a resistor connect straight to GND )

Note*: The reason why we choose 10k resistor is explained below:

— When pressing the button, without the resistor, the source will directly connected to ground Short circuit like this will be damaged and burn

— To prevent that, we add a resistor to limit the flow of current

— Such resistor is called a pull-up resistor because it is connect directly to source and help protecting the circuit

— Most digital circuits use a 10k or a 47k resistor for pull-up The exact value doesn’t actually matter, as long as it is high enough to prevent too much current from flow- ing 10k seems to be the most common as we need this signal strong enough to drive multiple logic ics

But one more thing to consider is the changing of voltage level When press and release the button, the sudden change of voltage is too fast, and sometime ic may miss the signal

To solve this problem, we add a non-polar capacitor next to the switch The charge and dis- charge ability of the capacitor will slow down the changing of the voltage, hence improve the stability of the button

The switch will connect straight to source, and is placed right above the pull down resistor The logic output which is used for resetting this circuit will be taken out from point A night between the switch and the resistor

When the switch is open, the voltage level of point A will be 0 (GND) and when we press the level, the voltage level will become 5V

From the explaination above, our switch button are designed as follow:

15

— CS 10000pF

* Switching capacity 1 to 50 mA, 5 to 24 VDC

* Contact form SPST (single pole, single throw)

* contact resistance is 100 m 2 max and insulation resistance is 1OOM Q max

16

\ B3F-4055 Nút Nhắn 12x12mm Cao 7.3mm 4 Chân

\ Xuyên Lỗ Omron

4 12VDC 500mA

Thuong hiéu: Omron Bang gia

Hang còn: 9673 Cái Số lương mua Don ga

(Gửi hàng trong ngày) (Cai) (VND)

1+ 2.500

Số lượng mua: = 1 +

l 50+ 2450

+ Thêm vào giỏ hang 100+ 2.400

= @ Yéuthich ® Giao nang toàn quốc

Š coo Thanh toán khi nhận hàng

0 Phản hỏi H8

Wy cam kết cdi nang

Hinh 2.21: 12x12 tactitle switch on the market

Projected Plunger Type (without Ground Terminal) B3F-4050, B3F-4055, B3F-5050, B3F-5051

PCB Mounting (Top View) (Single-sided PCB, t=1.6) Two, 1.8+0.05 dia

(For positioning boss)

- =

l ' ' 5+0! Oto:

Four, 3.8x3.810.1 7.4 dia 125+01 - 1.2+0.05 dia

Hình 2.23: Button footprint Note* : The distance between two pin is 5mm

Hinh 2.24: Button footprint

18

Hình 2.25: Button footprint Note*: The diameter of position boss is 1.9mm

» Thuong hiéu: Yageo Bang gia

af Hét hang (Dat mua 66 co Số lượng mua Đơn giá

` ST ul hang som) (Gói(10pcs)) (VND)

Số lượng mua: = 1 +

100+ 1.800

z Thôm vào giỏ hàng 200+ 4.750

@ Yéu thich 3 Giao hàng toàn quốc

Š | 0 Phan hai RoHS Ei 8 con Thanh toán khi nhận hàng

YW Cam kết đổitrả hàng

Hình 2.30: 100nF capacitor with 0603 packed on the market

* Note*: The datasheet and foot print of 0603 was stated above

21

c) 10k resistor packed 0805

* Resistance : 10k

* Packed : 0805 (2 x 1.25 x 0.65mm)

* Structural ingredient: Thick film

3 Thương hiệu: OE? Bảng gà

„„ Hàng còn: 11 Gới(50con) h (Gửi hàng trong nga

Hinh 2.31: 10k resistor on the market

SOLDER PAD DIMENSIONS

RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD DIMENSIONS

WAVE SOLDERING REFLOW SOLDERING TYPE / SIZE Y x

(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) MCS 0402 : - - - 0.35 0.55 0.55 1.45

MCT 0603 0.55 1.10 1.10 2.75 0.65 0.70 0.95 2.05

MCU 0805 0.80 1.25 1.50 3.30 0.90 0.90 1.40 2.70 MCA 1206 1.40 1.50 1.90 4.40 1.50 1.15 1.75 3.80

Hinh 2.32: 0805 packed resistor datasheet Note*: We currently using reflow soldering recommendation from the datasheet for type MCU 0805, all resistor with 0805 packed will have the datasheet as above

22

Displaying unit:

¢ For the displaying block, we use 7-segment led to display the time and 3mm diode led with red, green and yellow to represent the color of traffic light

* 3mm diode led also use to displaying the status of pulse generator

Design the displaying unit:

* Because the 7-segment led only require 20mA to function, so we will only use the resistor

to limit the current from ic

On the other hand, to drive the diode properly, the current form the ic through the 1k resis- tor alone is not enough Therefore, NPN transistor will be used as amplifier to strengthen the signal from the ic

10k resistor are used to limit the output current of ic and NPN BJT are used as amplifier

to enhance the current

Diode also require to prevent the reverse current, protect the led

From the explanation above, the displaying unit will appear to be like this:

24

Thuong hiéu: OEM Bang gia

Hang con: 188 Cai Số lượng mua Đơn giá (Gửi hàng trong ngày) (Cái) (VND)

1+ 6.400

Số lượng mua: a 1 1 -

50+ 6.200

# Thêm vào giỏ hàng 100+ 6.100

® Yêu thích ® Giao hảng toàn quốc

i

ett —tett |

bolt | 7 6 4 a 4 9 1 5 pws — Ag 1200 —>! 103876