don casteel platiquemos fsi spanish - unit 7

3 The Spanish word muebles is an example of a count noun a noun that names items customarily measured by number which is correlated with an English word "furniture", an example of a mas

UNIT 7

7.1 BASIC SENTENCES Smith and Molina look for an apartment Juanita Smith and José Molina leave

the restaurant; on the way out they pick up a newspaper to check on apartment leads They are walking over to Molina's car

Too many Why don't we see a friend Demasiados ¿Por qué no vemos a un

of mine who has a [rental] agency? amigo mío que tiene una agencia? (2)

They go to the rental agency as Molina suggested After the introduction of Ms Smith and other formalities, they

inquire about apartments

Ms Smith wants to rent an apartment La señorita desea alquilar un apartamento

right now por ahora

Right [For] now I only have two available Por ahora sólo tengo dos desocupados [unoccupied]

One downtown, in the Del Campo building Uno en el centro en el edificio Del Campo

Two hundred, not [without] including electricity Doscientos, sin incluir luz, agua ni

That one's in the outskirts and its bigger Ese está en las afueras y es más grande

I think the first suits me better Creo que me conviene más el primero

Human Sacrifice

The primary purpose of the sacrifice was to acquire the victim’s heart and blood for the nourishment of the gods

After the sacrifice, the now useless carcass was thrown down the steep stairs which were a feature of Aztec temples

The remnants were divided (strictly according to rank) and

became the piece de resistance for feasts It was considered

very impolite for the warrior who had taken a captive who was sacrificed to partake of his own captive’s flesh he was, after all, the captive’s “father”

Yes, of course, here's the key Sí, claro; aquí tiene la llave

7.10 Notes on the basic sentences

(1) These three words are more-or-less interchangeable Auto, of course, comes from the international invented word "automobile" (in Spanish spelled automóvil), while coche and carro are old words for wagon and cart

which are used in modern Spanish to mean a car The interesting thing is that many Spanish-speakers

consider carro to be an anglicism because of its similarity to "car" and use coche, believing it to be more

"authentic" Spanish

(2) The a which appears in vemos a un amigo is not to be translated "to" or in any of the several other possibilities for the translation of a It only indicates that the direct object of the verb is personalized, that is, either is a

person or is thought of as a person It will be discussed in detail in Unit 10

(3) The Spanish word muebles is an example of a count noun (a noun that names items customarily measured by

number) which is correlated with an English word "furniture", an example of a mass noun (one that names

items customarily measured by amount) Thus mueble can be translated only in a roundabout way by saying

“a piece of furniture", since "a furniture" is an impossible combination of "a" directly preceding a mass noun

sg pl

7.2 DRILLS AND GRAMMAR

7.21 Pattern drills

7.21.1 Present tense forms of regular er verbs

A Presentation of pattern

Illustrations

EXTRAPOLATION

Note: Where ar verb endings have the theme a recurring, er verb endings have the theme e The endings are

otherwise identical

7.21.11 Substitution drills

Number substitution

Aztec ceramic ladle for copal Copal is a kind of incense, used in

religious ceremonies

Person - number substitution

1 Yo como allí.

2 Nosotros aprendemos mucho ahí.

3 Alberto debe en el hotel.

7.21.12 Response drills

1 ¿Come usted en el centro o en el apartamento? Como en el centro

8 ¿Come usted en el restorán? (el apartamento) No, como en el apartamento

One of the more grisly discoveries in the recent excavations of the ruins of the

Templo Mayor under Mexico City’s

Zócalo (Main Square) Archeologists theorize that this is the skull of a sacrificial victim, and was used by priests

as a mask in some ceremony (notice the row of holes in the top of the skull which could have been used for cords to tie the skull on as a mask)

7.21.13 Translation drill

B Discussion of pattern

As the extrapolation above shows, the pattern for er theme class regular verbs is very similar to that

of ar verbs The only difference is the appearance of theme e immediately after the stem and

preceding the person-number indicators, the same places where the theme a appears in ar verb forms Stress patterns are identical for er and ar verbs Strong stress occurs on the stem in all forms

except 1 pl, where the first syllable of the ending receives the strong stress

near me near you near him (away from us)

Aztec ceramic types

7.21.2 The demonstratives este, ese, aquel

A Presentation of pattern

ILLUSTRATIONS

EXTRAPOLATION

Note: Demonstratives, which are special kinds of adjectives, have distinct forms for gender and number.

Spanish has one set of forms which corresponds to English "this", two that correspond to "that"

7.21.21 Substitution drills

Form substitution

1 La mesa está desocupada.

2 El cuarto es bueno.

3 Los apartamentos son baratos.

Number substitution

1 Tráigame ese cuaderno.

2 Deseo ir a esa agencia.

3 Aquellos edificios son grandes.

4 Estos escritorios son baratos.

5 Vamos a ver esos periódicos.

6 Esta mesa no es grande.

7 Aquella señora es española

Item substitution

1 Quiero presentarle a esa señora.

2 Esos apartamentos son buenos.

3 Déme aquellos libros.

4 Páseme ese lápiz.

5 Aquél auto está desocupado.

6 Esta sección es grande.

7 Aquella mesa está desocupada.

7.21.22 Response drill (The spacial relationships involved with the demonstratives can best be

presented by the use of gestures to indicate which one is "this" and which one is "that".)

near far

7.21.23 Translation drill

2 Those men (over there) speak English Aquellos señores hablan inglés

5 Can we see those pieces of furniture? ¿Podemos ver esos muebles?

7 That (over there) young lady is American Aquella señorita es americana

B Discussion of pattern

Demonstratives are words which designate or point out, usually in terms of physical location but some-times in terms of time relationship They are a special kind of "limiting" adjectives which always precede the nouns they modify Besides the forms listed in the presentation above, demonstratives include definite articles, which have been separately presented because of special functions that they have

English as well as Spanish has words which can be classed as demonstratives The English

demonstratives provide a relatively rare example of modifier forms which change in English for

number reference, as the chart shows:

This change in form is called "inflection for number", and an agreement in form with an associated noun

is obligatory, i.e., we cannot say "these book" or "that apples" As has already been shown in unit 4, agreement in number between nouns and adjectives in Spanish is almost always shown by number inflection in the adjective, just as it is in this one case in English

The location contrast in English demonstratives is a two-way pattern: near and not near The Spanish demonstratives, however, have a three-way pattern: near me, near you (or a short way off), and near

him/her (or a long way off) Thus, aquel implies more distant in space or more remote in time This extra

distinction, coupled with three distinct gender forms, gives Spanish an inventory of 15 forms, compared

to 4 in English, as follows:

sg pl sg pl

An eerily realistic pottery jug from the Mochicha culture of

Peru This jug represents a high official who has had his lips and nose removed, probably as punishment for some serious crime Perhaps the jug was made as a warning to others?

Note that the pattern of the Spanish forms deviate from the normal pattern of Spanish modifiers in one important respect The regular pattern:

is present except in the m sg forms, where the endings are e (este, ese) or zero (aquel) A form which has a final o appears in the pattern with unmarked, or neuter, gender The forms esto and eso were presented and explained in Unit 2; aquello, though appearing less frequently, occurs in similar patterns.

The demonstratives can occur as modifiers (adjectives modifying nouns) or as nominalized forms

(taking the place of nouns) Both uses are illustrated in the following sentence:

Este libro es mas barato que ése This book is cheaper than that one.

Note that in English the singular forms are not readily nominalized, so that "one" replaces the noun The neuter forms almost always appear nominalized, since there are no neuter nouns they can modify Spelling conventions have established the practice of marking a written accent on the stressed vowel

in masculine and feminine nominalized forms Many Spanish-speakers believe that upper-case letters

are never capitalized, and have even been taught that in school According to the Academia Real de

la Lengua Española (The Royal Academy of the Spanish Language), the recognized authority, that’s

not true The habit of not accenting upper-case letters arose for the convenience of type-setters, and with modern computers there is no reason not to accent upper-case letters

7.22 Replacement drills

A Este es mi auto

1 Aquél _ _ _ Aquél es mi auto

2 _ _ _ cerveza Aquella es mi cerveza

3 Esa _ _ Esa es mi cerveza

4 _ _ lápiz Ese es mi lápiz

5 _ _ mesa Esa es mi mesa

6 _ la _ Esa es la mesa

7 Esas _ _ Esas son las mesas

B La Srta Smith desea alquilar un apartamento

1 _ _ buscar La Srta Smith desea buscar un apartamento

2 Sra _ La Sra Smith desea buscar un apartamento

3 _ _ muebles La Sra Smith desea buscar unos muebles

4 _ _ ver _ La Sra Smith desea ver unos muebles

5 _ _ más _ La Sra Smith desea ver más muebles

6 _ quiere _ _ _ La Sra Smith quiere ver más muebles

7 Los _ _ _ _ _ Los Sres Smith quieren ver más muebles

C ¿Y dónde está el otro?

1 ¿_ _ _ mesa? ¿Y dónde está la mesa?

2 ¿_ _ esa _? ¿Y dónde está esa mesa?

3 ¿_ _ silla? ¿Y dónde está esa silla?

4 ¿_ _ la _? ¿Y dónde está la silla?

5 ¿_ _ señoras? ¿Y dónde están las señoras?

6 ¿_ cómo _? ¿Y cómo están las señoras?

7 ¿_ _ el _? ¿Y cómo está el señor?

D Creo que me conviene más el primero

1 _ _ _ _ otro Creo que me conviene más el otro

2 _ _ _ mucho _ Creo que me conviene mucho el otro

3 _ _ gusta _ _ Creo que me gusta mucho el otro

4 _ le _ _ _ Creo que le gusta mucho el otro

5 _ _ _ poco _ Creo que le gusta poco el otro

6 Cree _ _ _ _ _ Cree que le gusta poco el otro

7 _ _ _ _ otra Cree que le gusta poco la otra

E ¿Podemos verlo?

3 ¿ _ otra vez? ¿Quiere buscarlo otra vez?

4 ¿ _ ir _ _? ¿Quiere ir otra vez?

5 ¿ _ después? ¿Quiere ir después?

6 ¿ _ venir _? ¿Quiere venir después?

7 ¿Quieren _? ¿Quieren venir después?

F Sí, aquí tiene la llave.

1 , las _ Sí, aquí tiene las llaves

2 , billetes Sí, aquí tiene los billetes

3 , ahí Sí, ahí tiene los billetes

4 , un Sí, ahí tiene un billete

5 , moneda Sí, ahí tiene una moneda

6 , esas _ Sí, ahí tiene esas monedas

7 , _ cheque Sí, ahí tiene ese cheque

7.23 Variation drills

4 Let's go get acquainted with the downtown section Vamos a conocer el centro

4 Why don't we go down in the elevator ¿Por qué no bajamos en el ascensor?

6 Why don't we look for another apartment? ¿Por qué no buscamos otro apartamento?

7 Why don't we rent another building? ¿Por qué no alquilamos otro edificio?

4 I only have one apartment available Sólo tengo un apartamento desocupado

6 I only have five chairs available Sólo tengo cinco sillas desocupadas

Aztec glyphs

E Two hundred, not including electricity, water, or gas Doscientos, sin incluir luz, agua, ni gas

1 Three hundred, not including electricity, water, or gas Trescientos, sin incluir luz, agua ni gas

2 Four hundred, not including electricity, water, or gas Cuatrocientos, sin incluir luz, agua ni gas

3 Two hundred twenty, not including water or gas Doscientos veinte, sin incluir agua ni gas

4 Seven pesos, not including beer or wine Siete pesos, sin incluir cerveza ni vino

5 Fifteen dollars, not including the taxi or the tip Quince dólares, sin incluir el taxi ni la propina

6 Two hundred dollars without furniture Doscientos dólares sin muebles

F That one is in the suburbs and is larger Ése está en las afueras y es más grande

1 That one is downtown and is larger Ése está en el centro y es más grande

2 That one is on Columbus Avenue and is Ése está en la Avenida Colón y es

3 That one is near the American Embassy Ése está cerca de la Embajada Americana

7.24 Review drill - The distribution of ser and estar

1 I'm not an American, but I'm in the No soy americano, pero estoy en los

2 We're not Americans, but we're in No somos americanos, pero estamos

3 He's not an American, but he's in the El no es americano, pero está en los

4 They're from Chile, but they're in Colombia Ellos son de Chile, pero están en Colombia

5 Carmen's from Chile, but she's in Peru Carmen es de Chile, pero está en el Perú

6 They (f) are married, and they're in California Ellas son casadas, y están en California

7 She's married, and she's in California Ella es casada, y está en California

8 He's single, and he's in Cuba El es soltero y está en Cuba

9 The hotel is good, and it's not far El hotel es bueno y no está lejos

10 The buildings are big, and they're near Los edificios son grandes y están cerca

11 The restaurant isn't cheap and it's very far El restorán no es barato y está muy lejos