take control of panther, volume 1

Our first ebook, Take Control of Upgrading to Panther, was the first book of any type available for Mac OS X 10.3 Panther, since we released it at the exact moment-8:00 PM eastern time

TAKE CONTROL OF PANTHER, VOLUME 1

Adam Engst, Tonya Engst, Glenn Fleishman, Joe Kissell, Kirk McElhearn, and Matt Neuburg

Peachpit Press, 1249 Eighth Street, Berkeley, CA 94710

5101524-2178,8001283-9444,5101524-2221 (fax)

Find us on the World Wide Web at: www.peachpit.com

To report errors, please send a note to errata@peachpit.com

Peachpit Press is a division of Pearson Education

Published in association with TidBITS Electronic Publishing

Copyright @ 2005 by TidBITS Electronic Publishing

Editors: Tonya Engst, Adam C Engst

Production Editor: Lisa Brazieal

Copyeditoc Tonya Engst

Compositor: Jeff Tolbert

Indexer: Rebecca Plunkett

Cover design: Mimi Heft

Take ControI logo: Jeff Carlson, Jeff Tolbert

Interior design: Jeff Tolbert

NOTICE OF RIGHTS

All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher For information on getting permission for reprints and excerpts, contact permissions@peachpit.com

NOTICE OF LIABILITY

The information in this book is distributed on an "As Is" basis, without warranty While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of the book, neither the author nor Peachpit Press shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be cansed directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book or by the computer software and hardware products described in i t

TRADEMARKS

Apple, Macintosh, Mac Mac OS, and Panther are trademarks or registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.,

in the U.S and/or other countries

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trade- marks Where those designations appear in this book, and Peachpit Press was aware of a trademark claim, the designations appear as requested by the owner of the trademark All other product names and services identified throughout this book are used in editorial fashion only and for the benefit of such companies with no intention of infringement of the trademark No such use, or the use of any trade name, is intended to convey endorsement or other affiliation with this book

ISBN 0-321-28764-9

Printed and bound in the United States of America

INTRODUCTION ix

Take Control Benefits x

Take Control of Panther, Volume 1 xi

Free Updates xiii

Time to Take Control! xiii

TAKE CONTROL OF UPGRADING TO PANTHER 1

Introduction 2

Terminology and Conventions 2

Panther Upgrade Quick Start 3

Check Your Hardware for Compatibility 4

Processor and USB Support 4

Processor Upgrade Cards -5

RAM +5

Video Cards 5

Update Your Firmware gNecessary 6 Update or Remove Firewire Hard Drives 6

Make Sure You Have Enough Diskspace 10

Back Up Your Data 11

Back Up Your Personal Files 12

Make a Bootable Backup 12

Disable Login Items 13

Make Sure You Have a Mac OS 9 Installer 13

Verify Your Hard Disk 14

Consider Partitioning Your Hard Disk 15

Understand W h y (or W h y Not) to Partition a Disk 15 Decide on Partition Sizes 17

Partition a Disk 18

Perform a Customized Upgrade 19

Select a Destination 20

Choose an Upgrade Method 20

Choose Optional Software 23

Have a Cup of Tea 25

Run Software Update 25

Set Up Your Panther Environment 26

Missing Features? 26

Other Surprises 27

Xcode Tools 29

A Word about Filevault 29

Restore Archived Files 30

Reinstall Drivers and Utilities 30

Copy Old Files Manually 31

Restore Login Items 37

Install Mac OS 9 for Classic (IfNecessary) 38

Restore Bundled Applications 38

Restore Palm Synchronization (IfNecessary) + 39

Move Selected Folders (Optional) 41

Verifj Your Disk (Again) 41

Software %at May Not Work 42

Final Software Advice 43

The Extra-Paranoid Upgrade 44

Upgrading from Mac OS 9? 45

Troubleshoot Upgrade Problems 46

Computer Won't Start Up from the CD 46

Installer Refuses to Install 46

Can't Select Installation Volume 47

Installation Does Not Complete + 48

Computer Won't Start Up Under Panthe r '48

Printer Won't Print 49

IfAll Else Fails 51

How to Downgrade 51

Reverting to a Cloned System 52

Reverting to Jaguar with Archive and Install 52

Downgrading Manually 53

Appendix A: Sources for Software Updates 54

Input Device Drivers 54

Scanner Drivers 54

Printer Drivers 55

Video Card Software + 55

Audio &MIDI Equipment Drivers 55

Preference Panes 55

Other Devices , 56

Utilities 56

Appendix B: Move Selected Folders 56

(Don't) Move Home and Applications Folders 56

Selectively Move Home Folder Contents 57

Selectively Move Applications 61

Appendix C: Joe's Folder Actions Trick 62

Set U p Documents Scripts 63

Set U p Movies Scripts 65

About the Author 68

TAKE CONTROL OF CUSTOMIZING PANTHER 69

Introduction 70

Customizing Panther Quick Start 71

Customize Your Installation 72

Customize Finder Windows 74

Set Up the Default Finder Window 74

Sidebar Basics 76

Customize Your Sidebar 77

Toolbar Basics 78

Customize Your Toolbar 79

Customize Expos6 - 8 0 All Windows Mode 80

Application Windows Mode 81

Desktop Mode 81

Customize Your Expost Triggers 82

Customize the Font Palette and Menu 84

Customize Collections 86

Disable Fonts 88

Restore (or Install) Third-Party Utilities 89

Restore Login Items 89

Recommended Customization Utilities 90

Configure Your Display Profile 91

Set Up Internet Helper Applications 92

Set Up the Classic Menu 93 Enable Keyboard Viewer 94

Choose Your Fn Key Behavior 95

Customize Keyboard Shortcuts 95

Set Global Keyboard Shortcuts 97 Set Application Keyboard Shortcuts 98

Manage Startup Items 144

Reasons for File Sharing 173

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) 182

Web 183

Proprietary and Unusual File-Sharing Tools 184

Avoid File-Sharing Risks 187

Problems with Open Servers 188

Recommendations for Avoiding Risks 189

Set Your Firewall for Sharing Files 190

Turn On File Sharing 192

Sleep and Sharing Files 193

Share Files with Appleshare 194

Share Files with Samba 200

Share Files over the Web 206

Share Files with FTP 209

Share Files with NFS , 213

Share Files with WebDAV 213

Share Digital Media Files 217

Decide How to Share Music in iTunes 217

Use iTunes Built-in Sharing 218

Set Up a Shared Music Folder 219

Share Photos in Photo 220

Access Shared Files 225

Panther's New Temporary Paradigm 225

Access Shared Volumes with Jaguar 236

Access Shared Volumes with Mac OS 9 237 Access Shared Volumes with Windows XP 239

Dismount a Server 241

Appendix A: Share with Sharepoints 243 Install Sharepoints 243

Use Sharepoints 243

About the Author 249

INDEX 251

Control of Panther, Volume I

About a year ago, I gathered my nerve and began calling friends who write books about the Macintosh "I have an idea " I'd say, and then I'd describe how we could work together to address many of the problems that plague today's publishing world At the end of the call, as each friend enthusiasti- cally signed on, I'd breathe a sigh of relief and dial the next number I kept having flashbacks to those scenes in 7he Blue Brothers where Jake

and Ellwood collect their musician friends with the deadpan line, "We're putting the band back together."

And thus Take Control was born

Take Control is a radical rethinking of how books are written, edited, published, sold, and yes, even how they're read

Between me and my wife Tonya, Take Control's editor in chief, we've

authored and edited more than 25 books over the last decade We've written hundreds of magazine articles as freelancers and contributing editors for major Macintosh magazines And we have 14 years of experience publishing

on the Internet with TidBITS, a Web site and weekly electronic newsletter

about Macintosh and Internet topics In that time, we've received feedback from tens of thousands of readers, and while the vast majority of the

comments have been highly positive, we've been frustrated by our inability

to address common criticisms that were simply insurmountable within the limitations of book, magazine, and Internet publishing

Every time we or any of our colleagues write a comprehensive book on a given topic, such as wireless networking, it quickly balloons into many hundreds of pages But readers have told us that they don't like paying for or feeling as though they must read such large books Also, even though those large books are good for reference, they quickly become obsolete, and people hate having to buy new versions Magazine articles fall on the other side of the content spectrum from most books, often leaving readers wanting more detailed information And even more so than with books, magazines are

here today, gone tomorrow-too often they're only ephemeral documenta- tion that you can't easily refer back to later Web publishing would seem

to address some of these issues, but even the editoriaI sites that survived the dot-com bust have trouble generating enough income to pay the expert authors and professional editors necessary to produce the quality we expect from books and magazines

TAKE CONTROL BENEFITS

The Take Control model helps you, the reader, in ways that were not previ- ously possible by slashing through the Gordian Knot I just described The key aspect of our approach is that every Take Control title starts life in electronic form, which lets us publish much more quickly than traditional books Our first ebook, Take Control of Upgrading to Panther, was the first

book of any type available for Mac OS X 10.3 Panther, since we released

it at the exact moment-8:00 PM eastern time on Friday, October 24th, 2003-that Apple started selling Panther to Mac users in the U.S

Electronic books are still a new concept, which is probabIy why you're holding this physical book in your hands, but because you're entitled to free electronic copies of the titles in this collection, our ebook approach will benefit you in numerous ways, including:

Tightly focused topics: Let's face it, what you want (since it's what we want

when we're buying books too) is for a book to explain exactly what you need

to know and nothing more We address that desire by focusing every Take Control title on a specific topic Since we're not attempting to cover every- thing, we can go into more depth than would be possible in a chapter in a normal book Take Control titles generally run between 50 and 100 pages, which we've found is a sweet spot for providing all the details you really need It's difficult for traditional books that start and end their lives in print

to be so focused because of the fixed costs of printing and distribution (%is omnibus edition bypasses that problem by collecting four short works.)

Free updates: Print books start becoming obsolete the moment they go to

press Although many authors and publishers maintain Web sites to alert readers to changes, we've made an even greater commitment: we often update our titles to reflect changes in software and feedback from readers Best of all, our updates are free!

No unnecessary typing: Typing in Web links and scripts from paper books

is annoying, but it's easy to click or copy them from a n electronic book

Better accessibility: Not everyone can read small font sizes comfortably (or

at all), but it's easy to enlarge the type in our PDF-based electronic versions,

or even to use them with a screen-reading program (By the way, if you need

a format other than PDF, please contact us at tc-comments@tidbits.com.)

The most accurate information: Books vary in accuracy, as you've no doubt

seen We strive for the most accurate information possible, and to that end,

we do some unusual things First, our development and copy editors share

in the profits, giving them an ongoing incentive to create the best possible book Second, our titles benefit from a collaborative technical editing process that involves some of the world's best-known Macintosh authors checking each other's work Third, if we find a mistake, we correct it in a free update

TAKE CONTROL OF PANTHER, VOLUME 1

Why then are you holding a print book, given everything we've said about electronic books? Because with our good friends at Peachpit Press, we believe we1ve come up with the best possible hybrid The four ebooks contained in this volume have been user-tested: each has gone through multiple revisions and together they have helped thousands of Macintosh users install, customize, and use Mac OS X 10.3 Panther

Collecting these four related title in a single volume lets us give you a convenient reference guide along with a familiar form factor that doesn't require you to read at your computer or print hundreds of pages on your own printer

But as much as this book may be printed on dead trees, it's not a dead book With the purchase of this book you're entitled to receive free updates

to each of the four titles within it Read on for instructions on how to download free electronic copies of each of the four Take Control titles in this book, including:

Take Control of Upgrading to Panther, by Joe Kissell This is the title that

launched a thousand ebooks, or, to be more accurate, many thousands

of ebooks Few tasks fill even experienced Mac users with as much trepidation as installing a major operating system upgrade, because problems can leave your Mac in an unusable state Joe performed numerous test installations on different Macs to develop the expert advice he provides throughout this title, and if you're upgrading a Mac

to Panther (even if you've done it successfully before), you should read

Take Control of Upgrading to Panther first Believe me: I thought I knew

enough to ignore Joe's advice when upgrading my parents' Power Mac G4 Cube to Panther, and I had to spend an extra 15 minutes recovering from the mistake of failing to turn off my Login Items before starting the installation

Take Control of Customizing Panther, by Matt Neuburg Joe's focus is

on the process of getting Panther installed Once you've done that, how

do you start using it? To tell you, Matt takes the baton next with his discussion of how to customize Panther so it works the way you want

it to Matt starts by helping you customize your Finder windows so you can navigate easily both in the Finder and in the Open and Save dialogs

He then explains new features of Panther like Expose, Font Book, user- defined keyboard shortcuts, and much more Tonya also added a section outlining everything you can customize in System Preferences and Finder Preferences; although many of these customizations aren't new, you may not know all of them

Take Control of Users &Accounts in Panther, by Kirk McElhearn

Whereas I was confident that every Panther user needed Joe's and Matt's titles, it was more difficult initially to see the need for Kirk's discussion

of users and accounts Once I read what I<irk had to say, though, I was completely won over Perhaps the most significant change that Mac users have had to become used to in Mac OS X is the concept of being just one of potentially many users of the Mac There's no way to avoid having an account in Mac OS X, and I<irk explains how you can

transform that fact from an annoying new requirement to a powerful aid

by giving different people appropriate types of accounts (for instance, making it so a child can't surf the Web) I<irk also shows you why you must have at least two administrator-level accounts on your Mac in case

of trouble, and he discusses how users of the same Mac can share music

in iTunes, photos from iPhoto, and other types of files

Take Control of Sharing Files in Panther, by Glenn Fleishman I<irk

restricts himseIf to discussing sharing files among users of the same Mac, but what about sharing files among multiple networked Macs, even those that are connected only via the Internet? That's where Glenn Fleishman steps in, and his Take Control of SharingFiles in Panther

explains the different file sharing protocols, helps you choose a file sharing technique, and shows you how to make sure that sharing files doesn't open your Mac up to evil-doers Of course, sharing files is useful only if you can access those shared files, so Glenn provides the necessary instructions for that task as well, whether the user accessing your files

is running Mac OS 9, Mac OS X, or Windows XP (when it comes to sharing files, it's a cross-platform world) At the end, Glenn focuses on several different ways of sharing music in iTunes and photos in iPhoto between Macs; if Apple's built-in methods of sharing aren't sufficient, turn to Glenn's instructions

FREE UPDATES

I strongly encourage you to avail yourself of the free electronic versions of these Take Control titles As I mentioned earlier, it's much easier to follow Web links from the electronic versions than it is to type the links from these pages, and most important, we often update the electronic versions

to accommodate new releases of Panther from Apple (we always include a change list so you know what's new)

To download your electronic versions, first visit this Web page:

http://www.tidbits.com/takecontrol/peachpit/panther-vo~ume~.html

Once you're there, follow the instructions on that page to download each

of the four titles collected in this volume, Note that you can sign up to be notified of free updates via email If you'd prefer not to be notified by email, you can click the Check for Updates button on the cover of each ebook to see if we've released an update

TIME TO TAKE CONTROL!

On behalf of everyone who has devoted time to making Take Control successful, I want to thank you for purchasing this book We've all worked tremendously hard to bring you the highest-quality documentation about Panther that you'll find anywhere, and we sincerely appreciate your support

If you have any questions or comments, you can contact us via email at

tc-comments@tidbits.com

Finally, if you like what you read in this book, I encourage you to check out the other Take Control titles we've published in electronic form We've put a lot of effort into making the onscreen reading experience as good as possible (lots of links, readable font sizes, and no unnecessary scrolling), and

if you prefer paper, our layout prints well too You can find these titles (and perhaps more) for sale at http://www.tidbits.com/takecontrol/

Take Control of Apple Mail, by Joe Kissell

Take Control of S'dm with Apple Mail, by Joe Kissell

Take Control of Making Music with GarageBand, by Jeff Tolbert

Take Control of Your Airport Network, by Glenn Fleishman

Take Control of Buyinga Mac, by Adam C Engst

Take Control of What's New in Entourage 2004, by Tom Negrino

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Introduction

Mac users can be divided into two main categories On the one hand, there are the early adopters-those who buy every new gadget and install every new software update the moment it's released These are often the people who wait in line for hours to be among the first customers at a new Apple Store or to get the best seats at a Macworld Expo keynote speech The other type of Mac user is more cautious, waiting to see what experiences other people have before taking chances with new products These users, though

no less fanatical about their Macs, are often the ones who hold onto old hardware even when it's well past its prime, and who live by the motto,

"If it ain't broke, don't fix it."

When it comes time for a major upgrade to the Mac OS, the early adopters often rush to upgrade their systems, only to discover unexpected problems that they then must spend hours or days trying to solve (These experiences,

of course, turn some early adopters into cautious users.) The cautious users, while perhaps envious of the new features their friends have, are not envious

of their problems, and may choose t o wait until the x.0J or x.0.2 release before upgrading

I am a recalcitrant early adopter; I muddle through problems and figure out the solutions so cautious users don't have to The first edition of this book, which was published the same day Panther was released, helped many other early adopters breeze through the upgrade process without the aggravation

of discovering problems on their own Now that Panther has been available for several months, more cautious users are jumping on the bandwagon These users can benefit not only from updated software that solves many

of Panther's early problems, but also from the wealth of new information that this edition supplies about avoiding difficulties and making the upgrade process even smoother If you've put off upgrading to Panther, I can tell you with confidence that now is an excellent time to take the plunge This book

is your anti-anxiety guide to every step of the process

TERMINOLOGY AND CONVENTIONS

This book occasionally uses apath to show the location of a file or folder in your file system For example, Panther stores most utilities, such as StuffIt Expander, in the Utilities folder The path that leads to StuffIt Expander is:

install fonts that only he can access, he would install them in his - /Library/ Fonts folder, which (to a person with the user name joe) is just another way

of writing /Users/joe/Library/Fonts

This book contains a lot of details, not all of which you need to know But before upgrading, you should be familiar with the overall process Here's a brief overview of the upgrade steps you should take:

Prepare to upgrade:

Make sure your computer can run Panther and be sure t o take steps

to avoid data loss when using FireWire hard drives See Check Your Hardware for Compatibility

Make room for your new operating system See Make Sure You Have Enough Disk Space

Back up before you go forward! See Back Up Your Data

Turn off Login Items to avoid certain software incompatibilities See Disable Login Items

Avoid getting stuck without the ability t o run Classic applications See Make Sure You Have a Mac OS 9 Installer

Prepare your disk by checking for errors and possibly partitioning See Verify Your Hard Disk and Consider Partitioning Your Hard Disk

Perform a customized upgrade:

Decide whether Upgrade, Archive and Install, or Erase and Install

is best for you See Choose an Installation Method

Be sure you have all (and only) the Panther components you need See Choose Optional Software

Proceed with the installation See Have a Cup o f Tea

After the upgrade:

Apply updates to Mac OS X and critical applications See Run Software

Update

Find missing features and avoid unpleasant surprises See Set Up Your Panther Environment

Restore archived files, applications, drivers, Unix software, and Login Items See Restore Archived Files

If you wish, save space on your startup volume by moving user-created files t o a new volume See Move Selected Folders

Perform one final check to be sure your disk is still healthy See Verify Your Disk (Again)

Check Your Hardware

for Compatibility

If your Mac was manufactured within the last 4 years or so, you almost certainly have adequate hardware to run Panther For older machines, the situation is more complex In particular, not every computer that can run Jaguar can also run Panther

PROCESSOR AND USB SUPPORT

For starters, Panther requires a PowerPC G3, G4, or G5 processor and built-in USB So any iMac, eMac, iBook, PowerBook G4, Power Mac G4 (including the Cube), or Power Mac G5 qualifies-as long as it has enough

RAM (see just ahead under RAM) ?he original beige Power Macintosh G3

and the Power Macintosh G3 All-In-One cannot run Panther, but all newer desktop machines can

The situation is murkier with G3 PowerBooks The original ("Kanga") PowerBook G3, which lacks factory-installed USB ports, cannot run Panther Neither can the "Wallstreet" PowerBook G3, for the same reason (even though it can run Jaguar) However, the "Lombard" PowerBook (Bronze Keyboard) and the "Pismo" PowerBook (Firewire) both meet Apple's minimum requirements

Note that simply adding a USB card to a n unsupported Mac will not make

it Panther-compatible; the installer will refuse to run

PROCESSOR UPGRADE CARDS

According to Apple, Panther does not support processor upgrade cards- period What this really means is that if you use a processor upgrade, you do so at your own risk; Apple doesn't guarantee that it won't cause problems Based on reports from numerous people who have installed Panther on upgraded machines, it appears that Panther works fine with most processor upgrade cards if the machine was already Panther-compat- ible without the card, but Panther will not install on pre-G3 Macs upgraded with a G3 or G4 processor

If you try to install Panther on a machine with a processor upgrade and the installer refuses to run, you can remove the upgrade card, contact the card's manufacturer to see if a solution is available, or try installing XPostFacto (see the tip a few paragraphs earlier) If you use a Sonnet processor upgrade, see Sonnet's downloads page for information about Panther

R A M

Panther requires 128 MB of RAM as a minimum, but I recommend much more, starting at 512 MB and going up to as much RAM as your computer will hold In general, the more RAM you have, the better your computer's performance

VIDEO CARDS

Apple claims that Panther requires either a built-in display (as on a portable,

an iMac, or an eMac) or "a display connected to an Apple-supplied video card supported by your computer." This does not mean that no third-party video cards work under Panther, but some aftermarket cards do not work

at all, and others require updated drivers or firmware If you are using an unsupported video card and the installer refuses to run, remove it and switch back to your original Apple-supplied card to run the installer, then contact your video card's manufacturer to find out whether an update is available

UPDATE YOUR FIRMWARE IF NECESSARY

Some computers require updated firmware to run Panther If your

computer is already running Mac OS 10.2 Jaguar, it does not need a

firmware update If you are running a version of the Mac OS older than

10.2, check this Web page to see if a firmware update is required:

http://docs.info.apple.com/article html?artnum=86117

machines became temporarily inoperable aftwt~ey upgraded & h g w w ~ t

having first updated their firmware

UPDATE OR REMOVE FIREWIRE HARD DRIVES

Many users (though by no means all) have had serious difficulties with their

FireWire hard drives after upgrading to Panther The causes and solutions to this problem are only partially known at the moment I wish I could give you

a definitive strategy to follow, but even 4 months after the release of Panther, the facts remain unclear Until more information becomes available, I can

only tell you what I know

In a nutshell, some users of certain FireWire hard drives find that, after

restarting their computers under Panther with the drive connected, the

drive become completely inaccessible-unable to mount on any operating

system, and so badly damaged that even disk recovery applications cannot

retrieve their data This is an extremely serious problem, and one you want

to avoid at all costs

The situation differs depending on whether your FireWire hard drive uses

FireWire 800 (the newer, faster version of FireWire) or the original, 400

Mbps version of FireWire

Apple has acknowledged an issue affecting FireWire 800 hard drives that

use the Oxford 922 bridge chip set with firmware version 1.02 or earlier

(The vast majority of FireWire 800 drives use the Oxford 922 chip set.)

These drives, if attached to a machine running Mac OS X 10.3.0, are likely to

become unusable and suffer complete data loss when the computer restarts Fortunately, a preventive measure is available Unfortunately, there is no simple remedy for people who have already experienced problems-but see What ifrny hard drive is already fried? later in this section for some advice

To prevent this problem, you must update the firmware on your hard drive

to version 1.05 or later by downloading a patch and running the installer However, you must perform this procedure while running an earlier version

of Mac OS X not Panther! There is no universal patch; you must download the patch designed for your particular drive model The major FireWire

800 drive manufacturers have posted patches on their Web sites (see the list of sites, next) If your drive manufacturer is listed here, visit their Web site for instructions If not, contact your manufacturer for information on a firmware update

EZQuest (Cobra FireWire 800 drives):

Macpower (Daisy Cutter 800+, IceCube 800+, Manta Ray 800+, and

Alumni Laureate 800+ A1 drive enclosures):

The Mac OS X updates (beginning with 10.3.1) provide "improved reli- ability" with FireWire 800 drives, but Apple still recommends that you update the firmware on such devices This is because even if updating to

a newer version of Panther solves the problem completely, the solution is not in place until after you perform the Panther installation and apply the update If your FireWire drive were connected during that process, which includes at least one restart, you could still lose data

FireWire 400 drives

A number of users, including at least one Take Control author, have experienced the same symptoms with FireWire 400 drives Although the root cause appears to be different-and the problem less widespread-the data loss, when it occurs, is no less serious So far, neither Apple nor drive manufacturers have officially acknowledged any issue with these drives, but that doesn't mean the problem doesn't exist (At least one manufac- turer has released a firmware update for their FireWire 400 drives but without claiming that it addressed this issue.)

Whereas the FireWire 800 problem was easily reproducible, failures

of FireWire 400 drives seem to be random A given drive model may work correctly on one machine and fail on another that appears to be configured identically In general, the reports I've read show a higher tendency for problems to occur on systems with multiple FireWire devices chained together or attached to a bus-powered hub, especially if one device is an iSight camera (Apple's iSight 1.0.2 update may fix this; see

http://docs.info.apple.com/article.htm1?artnum=93705.) Also, drives that support both FireWire 400 and 800, or FireWire 400 and USB (1.1 or 2.0) appear to experience problems more frequently than drives that support only FireWire 400 Lastly, computers that support FireWire 400 but not FireWire 800 are typically less likely to experience this problem

I've laced my description with fudge words such as "tendency," "seems," and

"typically." Unfortunately, none of the Mac experts I consulted knew what causes this problem And thousands of users-including me-never had a problem with their FireWire 400 drives (from a variety of manufacturers) Even so, the iPod is the only FireWire 400 device I know definitively to be immune to this problem

In the last edition of this book, I recommended against using FireWire

400 drives with Panther at all until more was known-or failing that, to

be sure the drive was never connected when the computer started or woke from sleep Given the relatively infrequent occurrence of this problem, I

feel comfortable tempering my suggestions somewhat If you want to use a FireWire 400 drive under Panther, follow these guidelines:

Back up everything on the drive to DVD, CD-ROM, or some other medium other than another FireWire hard drive

Check your drive manufacturer's Web site (see links in the previous section, FireWire 800 drives) to see if a firmware update is available

If so, apply it before installing Panther-even if the manufacturer does not mention whether the update addresses this issue

If possible (that is, if you are not installing Panther on the FireWire drivc itself), disconnect the drive from your computer until after you have

installed Panther and updated it to version 10.3.2 or later

Avoid chaining FireWire devices together, especially if a chained device lacks its own power supply If you have more FireWire 400 devices than your computer has ports, use a powered hub-or better yet, if you have

a PowerBook or Power Mac, add a second FireWire bus using a PC1 or PCMCIA card

If you must use a FireWire 400 drive but cannot back it up or avoid chaining

devices together, consider these additional precautions:

Be sure the drive's FireWire cable is unplugged when you turn on your computer

Before shutting down, restarting, or putting your computer t o sleep, unmount any volumes from the FireWire disk and unplug the drive's FireWire cable

If your computer is set to sleep automatically, temporarily disable this feature in the Energy Saver pane of System Preferences (To open System Preferences, choose it from the Apple menu or the Dock.)

Before reattaching the FireWire cable to your computer, make sure the drive is powered on and Panther has finished loading Again, be sure to unmount the disk and disconnect the FireWire cable when you finish using the drive

What if my hard drive is already fried?

Conventional disk repair applications such as Disk Utility, Norton Utili- ties, TechTool Pro, and even Diskwarrior cannot repair drives that have encountered this problem or recover data from them Quite a few users have reported success using Prosoft Engineering's Data Rescue X, however Normally $89, Data Rescue X is available at a $10 discount for those

suffering data loss due to Panther This $89 utility is available from Prosoft

to mount the disk again, Data Rescue X can scan it to recover your files

If Data Rescue X doesn't work, or if you're afraid you might cause

further damage by trying it, your best bet is to send your drive to a data recovery service such as DriveSavers, which is located near San Francisco

(http://ww~.drivesavers.com/) They are also offering a 20 percent discount

to Panther users, but I should warn you in advance that their service, while legendary for its quality, is not inexpensive (If your computer is covered

by insurance, you may want to check your policy to see if it pays for data recovery.)

MAKE SURE YOU HAVE ENOUGH DISK SPACE

Panther requires a considerable amount of disk space-even more than the documentation officially suggests Apple says you need at least 2 GB of free

space (3.5 GB if you install the Developer Tools), but this applies only to

Erase and Install upgrades An Archive and Install upgrade requires about

3 GB of free space, and the default upgrade needs even more

An additional limitation that applies to the early iMac models with tray- loading CD-ROM drives (Rev A-D): On these machines, Panther must be installed on a partition that is within the first 8 GB of the disk Jaguar had the same limitation, so if you already have Jaguar installed, no further steps are necessary If not, you must partition your disk (see Consider Partitioning Your Hard Disk) before installing Panther

If you're running out of disk space, here are some things you can try:

Archive seldom-used files to a CD or DVD These may include photos, music, and movies After installing Panther and recovering the disk space used during installation, you may be able to put these files back Look for applications or files you've downloaded but never use, and delete them

Buy a second hard drive, or press your iPod into service as a temporary storage device

Deselect optional software packages while upgrading (see Choose Optional Software)

System upgrades, because they affect so many parts of your hard disk, and at such a low level, are times when problems are especially likely to occur So I can't emphasize this strongly enough: before upgrading, back up your data The time you spend now may save you countless hours of frustration later

If you already follow a regular backup regimen (good for you!), verify that all your important files are freshly backed up and test your backup by seeing

if you can successfully restore a few representative ones (For a list of the files you should pay particular attention to, see Back Up Your Personal

Files, next.) If not, this is a perfect time to start A backup utility will make the process much easier Nearly every serious Mac geelc I know (including myself) uses Dantz's Retrospect for backups (http://www.dantz.corn/) There are a number of other alternatives, including Apple? own Backup utility for Mac members (though it doesn't come close to Retrospect's power)

Whether or not you already use a commercial utility for backups, 1 recom-

mend that before upgrading to Panther, you also clone your entire hard disk-make a complete, bootable copy-just to be safe (This is especially important if you erase your disk when installing Panther.)

BACK U P YOUR PERSONAL FILES

If you always store data in its default location, most or all of your personal files are in your home folder, located in /Users This includes documents, photos, movies, and music files as well as preferences, fonts, AppleScripts, saved email, Address Book and iCal entries, and many third-party prefer- ence panes-plus the items that appear on your Desktop So any thorough backup should include your entire home folder (If your machine is config- ured for multiple users, be sure each user's home folder is backed up.) If you have stored any personal files outside your home folder, be sure to include those in the backup as well

MAKE A BOOTABLE BACKUP

Even if all your documents are backed up, you shouId consider making

a bootable backup of your entire disk In the event that you upgrade to Panther and encounter serious problems (such as an essential piece of software that does not work under the new operating system), you will want to return to your old system, and a bootable copy of that system will make the process easier (See How to Downgrade for details.) Under Mac OS

X, you cannot simply copy your System folder onto a new volume and have a bootable backup You could learn a long sequence of Unix commands to do

this, but a n easier way is to use Retrospect or Mike Bombich's free Carbon Copy Cloner (http://software bombich.com/ccc html)

You will need a second hard drive (which could be a n iPod), a large

network drive, or a DVD burner to clone your entire system Although you can also clone your system to a separate partition on your internal hard disk, this is less safe because a hardware problem could make all your partitions inaccessible

Carbon Copy Cloner and Retrospect include complete instructions, so I won't repeat all the steps here For best results when using Carbon Copy Cloner, I recommend selecting the Repair Permissions Before Cloning and Make Bootable options in the Permissions dialog In Retrospect, use the Duplicate button on the Immediate tab to clone your hard disk

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Disable Login Items

When you perform an Archive and Install upgrade, the Apple installer help- fully reactivates all your Login Items (which are called Startup Items under Panther) However, if your Login Items include applications that are not compatible with Panther, you may experience crashes or other unexpected behavior on your first boot (I am speaking, by the way, from personal experience!) Although you can temporarily disable Login Items during Panther's initial startup process, this may prevent the installation from finishing Therefore, I recommend disabling all Login Items before running

the Panther installer, and replacing them after you upgrade

To disable Login Items:

1 Open the Login Items pane in System Preferences (To open System Preferences, choose it from the Apple menu or the Dock.)

2 Write down (on paper!) all the items in the list Really (You could also take a screen shot by pressing Command-Shift-3 and printing the resulting file that appears on your Desktop One way or the other, though, you should have the list on paper.)

3 Select each item and click Remove until the list is empty

4 Quit System Preferences

Your Login Items are now disabled

Make Sure You Have

Although Mac OS X supports a Classic environment to run older Mac software, Panther does not come with Mac OS 9 If you don't already have Mac OS 9 installed, you must obtain it and install it separately in order to run Classic applications under Panther (though Panther functions perfectly well without it) Even if you do have Mac OS 9 installed, it will disappear

if you choose to erase the volume that holds it when you upgrade Unless

you're certain you won't need the Classic environment, or that you will preserve your Mac OS 9 System Folder when you upgrade, make sure you have a CD, DVD, or disk image containing a Mac OS 9 installer

Your computer likely came with a Mac OS 9 installation CD or a Software

Install and Restore DVD containing Mac OS 9-or you may have a Mac OS

9 installation CD from the original version of Mac OS X On some Software Install and Restore DVDs, the installer, located at the top level, is called

"Install Applications & Mac OS 9"; on others, the installer is called "Install Applications & Classic Support." In either case, you can choose to install Mac OS 9 without the other applications that came with your computer

You can install Mac OS 9 either before or after Panther Your Mac OS 9

System Folder can reside on the same volume as Mac OS X, but I recom- mend installing it on a separate volume or partition See Consider Parti- tioning Your Hard Disk for guidance about creating an extra partition,

and then see Install Mac OS 9 for Classic (IfNecessary) for details on the

installation process itself

Before installing Panther, you should check your disk for errors and repair them if necessary (You can skip this step if you are erasing the volume you will be installing Panther onto or if you will be partitioning your hard disk.)

To verify and repair your hard disk:

1 Insert the first Panther Install CD, run the installer, and click the Restart button when prompted

2 When your computer restarts from the CD, choose Installer r Open

Disk Utility

From the list on the left, select the volume you wish to install Panther onto, and click the First Aid tab on the right

Click Repair Disk and wait for the repair to complete If Disk Utility reports that any errors were repaired, click Repair Disk a second time

to verify that the disk has no further errors,

If Disk Utility reports errors it cannot repair, you must either use a third-party utility to repair the errors, or erase the volume before installing Panther When it comes to disk utilities, I recommend

AlSoft's Diskwarrior (http://www.alsoft.com/DiskWarrior/) and

TechTool Pro from MicroMat (http://www.micromat .corn/)

Your hard disk should now be free of errors that would prevent a successful upgrade You can quit Disk Utility, if you have not already done so, and proceed with the installation of Panther

Consider Partitioning

All Macs ship with a hard disk configured as a single large volume You can divide your disk into two or more smaller volumes, each of which appears as

a separate disk This is calledpartitioning, As I mentioned in Processor a n d USE Support, if you have an early (Rev A-D) iMac, you must install Panther onto a partition that occupies no more than the first 8 GB of your hard disk For other machines, partitioning is a n optional step, but one you may wish

to consider

Much to my surprise, I have received more inquiries about partitioning than any other topic in this book I originally intended to mention it in an offhand way, mainly to say: "If you intended to partition your disk anyway, now is the best time to do it." But I unwittingly opened a can of worms Before deciding whether to partition a disk, be aware of some pros, cons, and consequences

UNDERSTAND WHY (OR WHY NOT)

TO PARTITION A DISK

Other than the iMac users mentioned earlier, no one, strictly speaking, must partition a disk In fact, Panther's design assumes that all your applica- tions, documents, media files, and so on reside on the same volume Plus, Panther itself and many major applications like to have plenty of "breathing room," which they normally assume will be on the startup volume So by

partitioning your disk you may be setting yourself up for extra work to make everything function correctly Why go to that effort?

Provide limited insurance against disk errors: After you partition a disk,

you can install an operating system on each volume If your main system develops disk errors that prevent it from booting correctly, simply restart from another partition to run a disk utility or recover important files Of course, in the case of a severe error that affects the entire drive, this scheme

will fail-and if you have a bootable CD containing Disk Utility or another

repair tool, you can use that instead and save several gigabytes of space on your drive

Separate system files from user-created files: Some people keep all their

documents, media files, and third-party applications on a separate volume,

so that, if necessary, they can erase the Mac OS X volume and install a clean copy of the operating system without much inconvenience Separating user-created files in this way can also simplify making backups, since you can instruct your backup application to back up only the files on the extra partition, rather than trying to pick out the files and folders you want from the main volume Unfortunately, Panther does not make it easy to put your home folder (or a portion thereof) on another volume, so be prepared

for some additional steps, as described later under Move Selected Folders (Optional), if you want to try this

Keep Mac OS 9 on its own volume: Although Classic works fine when your

Mac OS 9 System Folder is on the same volume as Panther, you may want to put Mac OS 9 on a separate volume One advantage to doing so is that you can easily erase or reinstall either OS without worrying about damaging the other Also, for older Macs that support booting into Mac OS 9, this gives you a secondary startup volume in case your Panther partition is severely damaged In addition, if Mac OS 9 is on its own, relatively small volume, maintenance activities such as rebuilding the Desktop file or running Disk First Aid take much less time The more often you start up in Mac OS 9, the more likely this will matter And if your work requires you to boot into Mac OS 9 frequently, you may wish to use the secondary volume for a fully loaded, customized version of Mac OS 9 while your Panther volume contains a trimmed-down, basic version just for Classic

If you have little disk space to begin with, I urge you to be circumspect about partitioning Except for the Rev A-D iMac owners, anyone with

a relatively small hard disk (say, 20 GB or less) should keep it as a single volume, because Panther can become slow and, in some cases, unstable when it runs out of room on the startup volume

You should also recognize that you cannot change or undo partitioning without erasing and reformatting your entire disk This is inconvenient and time-consuming, so think of a partitioning scheme as permanent I f you are considering partitioning experimentally with the option of switching back

to a single volume later, I recommend against it

Additionally, the process of creating partitions, and restoring your files afterward, requires you t o move everything off your hard drive If you have

a second physical hard drive, you can use that as a temporary storage place But if your only other storage medium is a recordable CD or DVD, you will find the process cumbersome, as multiple discs will almost certainly be required, and the speed of copying files will be much slower

If you still feel partitioning is for you, your next step is to determine how many partitions you need and how large each partition should be

DECIDE O N PARTITION SIZES

A number of people have written to ask me how many partitions to create and what the optimum size of each one should be The answer to these ques- tions depends on several variables and is largely a matter of taste, Here are some basic guidelines:

Don't make more partitions than you're sure you need Two or three should be sufficient for nearly anyone

If you want a partition for just a basic Mac OS 9 system, 1-2 GB is usually large enough Add more space if you need it for large Classic applications But remember, you are not required to keep your Classic applications on the same volume as Mac OS 9

If you intend to put Panther on one partition and keep all your media files and other documents on a second partition, the second partition should be as large as possible

1 strongly recommend allowing at least 10 GB for your main Panther installation if you can afford it You will need even more space if you use certain applications, such as Final Cut Pro or GarageBand, that require a lot of space on the startup volume for supporting files

If you want to put a second, minimal copy of Panther on another

partition for emergency or backup use, that partition can be a bit

smaller-say, 6-8 GB

Users of heavy-duty graphics, audio, video, and page-layout software should

be aware of additional considerations Many of these applications use one or more volumes as a "scratch disk" for temporary storage Although y o ~ i can

usually choose any volume you wish for this purpose, the startup volume is selected by default, and can quickly fill up as you work if it is not sufficiently large Other applications, including iMovie and iDVD, store temporary files on whichever volume holds the project you're working on-but prompt you to save the projects on the startup volume by default Be prepared to reconfigure such applications (or your work habits) if you do not have plenty

of free space on your startup volume

The order in which your partitions appear is also significant For more efficient disk access, put your main Panther installation on yourfirst partition-that is, the one at the top of the list on the Partition tab of Disk Utility If you choose to have a partition dedicated to applications (not that

I can think of any special reason to do so), that partition should be next in line Store documents on later partitions

One exception to the "system-on-first-partitionJ

' rule applies to users who keep virtual memory swap files on a separate volume to improve performance If you wish to try this, ignore the previous recommendation and make your swap volume the first one, with a size in the 1-2 GB range (or slightly more if you can afford it) But be careful Some utilities that claim to facilitate this process don't work reliably under Panther I have had decidedly mixed results with both SwapCop and Xupport In some cases, the utilities appeared to work, but due to Panther's unusual way of

soft-mounting volumes, the swap files were actually located on the startup volume In other cases, the swap file relocation scheme broke when 1 force- restarted my computer, The only reliable way I have discovered to move the swap file location is by following the instructions made available by Dave Bayer at http://www.math.columbia.edu/"bayer/OSX/swapfile/ But for most users, this is more trouble than it's worth Don't attempt this unless you are certain you know what you're doing

PARTITION A DISK

After deciding how many volumes you want and how large they should

be, you're ready to partition your disk One final warning: remember that partitioning erases everything on your hard disk, so make sure all your data

is safely stored elsewhere To partition your hard disk:

1 Insert the Panther Install Disc 1, run the installer, and click the Restart button when prompted

2 When your computer restarts from the CD, choose Installer > Open Disk Utility

From the list on the left, select the hard disk you want to partition, and click the Partition tab on the right

Under Volume Scheme, choose the number of partitions you want For each partition, give it a name, and choose a format Mac OS Extended (Journaled) is the default and recommended choice

Resize the partitions manually by dragging the dividers, or enter a size for each partition

When you're happy with your settings, click Partition

Your hard disk is now partitioned into multiple volumes You can quit Disk Utility and proceed with the installation of Panther

S X Up-to-Date program, installation of Mac OS this either by installing an earlier version of Mac OS X onto that ually, or by creating a bootable clone from your backup volume

p e a or Carbon Copy Cloner

With your hardware checked, your data safely backed up, and plenty of free disk space, it's time to begin the upgrade Insert the first Panther CD and double-click the Install Mac OS X icon In the window that appears, click the Restart button, and enter your administrator password when prompted Your computer restarts from the CD and the installer runs

The installer aslts you to choose a language, and then presents you with

a Welcome screen, a Read Me file, and a Software License Agreement I assume you know how to deal with all those screens

SELECT A DESTINATION

The next screen aslts you to select which volume t o install Panther onto If you have only one volume, this is an easy choice; if you have multiple parti- tions and/or disks, be sure to select the correct one The installer tells you

if there is sufficient disk space; if not, it tells you how much more you need (You can reduce this amount by deselecting optional software packages in the next step.) Then

Stop!

Do not click Continue, do not pass Go, do not collect $200 Not even if your disk has plenty of space Before you go on t o the next step, click the Options button at the bottom of the window to display a sheet where you can choose one of up to three upgrade methods This choice is crucial to your future happiness!

CHOOSE AN UPGRADE METHOD

For users with an earlier version of Mac OS X already installed, the Panther installer offers three upgrade options: (1) Upgrade Mac OS X (the default upgrade method); (2) Archive and Install; and (3) Erase and Install Many users will opt for the default choice, assuming that Installer Knows Best

In an ideal world, this would be the most painless upgrade Unfortunately, many users who choose this method are likely to run into problems-some

of them quite serious

For most users, I strongly recommend the Archive and Instal1 method (with some modifications), but every computer is unique Before proceeding with your upgrade, review the details of each of these methods to decide which one is right for you After selecting the appropriate radio button, click OK

to dismiss the sheet, and then click Continue

Upgrade Mac OS X

The default method, Upgrade Mac OS X, is designed to make the transition

as simple as possible by leaving all your files, applications, and settings in place All the components of your old Mac OS X installation are replaced with their Panther equivalents, and those that are no longer needed are deleted Meanwhile, all user-installed files (including the preferences) are left intact

Sounds great, doesn't it? In theory it is, but there are several issucs Most importantly, some of the third-party software you have installed may conflict with Panther When you restart after Panther is installed, if a serious conflict exists, you may experience a system-wide crash known as

a kernel panic, application crashes, indecipherable error messages, or other malfunctions in the operating system Other customizations you may have applied to your old operating system, such as command-line hacks, can also cause problems for Panther Even a disk error that never showed itself under Jaguar can manifest itself after a default upgrade

To be fair, not every user is at risk for problems with this sort of upgrade

If you've never installed any non-Apple software or modified your system beyond documented preferences, your chances of problems are small This

is especially true if you have a very new computer, or if you performed a clean installation of Jaguar recently

The more modifications you've made, and the longer you've gone since

a major operating system installation or upgrade, the greater the risk

Archive and Install

Starting with Jaguar, Apple introduced an upgrade method called Archive and Install This is similar to the Clean Install method available in Mac

OS 9, but more advanced Archive and Install creates a completely new, clean system but maintains a copy of your old system files so you can manually copy over any important items after the new operating system

is up and running

If the Preserve Users and Network Settings checltbox is selected (as it should be), Archive and Install leaves your home folder(s) (the contents of the /Users folder) in place, so that preferences and network settings for all user accounts are maintained after the upgrade,

Archive and Install avoids most compatibility problems because the

contents of your old System folder (including third-party extensions and Startup Items) are not copied to the new system Although it is not fool-

proof, it's vastly more reliable than the Standard Upgrade method The downside is that some manual effort will be required afterward to locate and copy the extra files you need But you'll be rewarded for your efforts with a cleaner, more stable system and a far smaller likelihood of time- consuming troubleshooting

Because it has the best pain-to-benefit ratio of all the upgrade options, I recommend Archive and Install for most users Most of the instructions that follow assume you selected this option

Erase and Install

For a perfectly clean, pristine installation of Panther, you can choose Erase and Install, which all but guarantees a fully operational system when the installation finishes Unlike the other two installation methods, it wipes out any hidden directory corruption, file system problems, or other disk gremlins that may cause problems

Of course, there's a price t o pay for a perfect system: all your preferences, network settings, user-installed software, and documents will be gone, and you must either restore them from a backup or recreate them from scratch Depending on how many changes you've made to your system, this may be

a daunting task (I provide some guidance, though, in Extra Files for Erase and Install Upgrades, in the Restore Archived Files section.)

In addition, be aware that Erase and Install wipes out any bundled software that may have been preinstalled on your computer See Restore Bundled Applications, later), for more information

An Erase and Install upgrade is overkill for most people However, it is the only choice if you don't have an earlier version of the Mac OS installed on the target volume It is also the best method if Archive and Install is unavail- able, if your hard disk has errors that Disk Utility is unable to repair, or if you're simply paranoid and want to avoid any possible chance of problems (I describe a different solution in Ihe Extra-Paranoid Upgrade.) Because

no existing files are preserved, Erase and Install also uses less disk space, making it an attractive option for those without room for Archive and Install

If you choose Erase and Install, you must also choose a disk format The default choice, Mac OS Extended (Journaled), is the best option

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NOTE E r e a n d Instdl emses only the volume you select It will not affect partitioning

or wipe out the contents of other partitions

CHOOSE OPTIONAL SOFTWARE

After choosing an installation method and clicking Continue on the Select

a Destination screen, the installer asks you to choose an Installation Type The default selection, Easy Install, is what most people choose and is usually adequate However, you may need to customize which software is installed

if you're short on disk space Even if you're not, it's worth reviewing the options here, because you may need some software that must be selected manually To review your options, click Customize

The installer displays a scrolling, hierarchical list of optional software To see details about any package (for example, which printers are in the EPSON Printer Drivers 2 package), click the name of the package to show further information in the pane at the bottom of the window (In some cases, you must scroll down to see all the information, although the scroll bar may appear to be inactive.)

Here are your choices, along with my recommendations:

BSD Subsystem: Install this if you possibly can A number of programs

you may want to use later depend on these files

Additional Applications: This category contains all the iApps, Internet

Explorer, and Stuffit Expander Most users will want to have all these, but

if you don't have a digital camcorder, you can save 122 MB of disk space by deselecting iMovie

If an application is dimmed in this list, it means theversion you already have

installed is at leanas recent as what the Panther installer includes The installer does not overwrite newer versions with older ones, and it leaves all user-installed applications in your Applications folder intact

Printer Drivers: Some Epson printers that were part of the default Jaguar

installation have been moved to the EPSON Printer Drivers 2 package, which is deselected by default (I discovered this when I was unable t o print

to my Stylus Color 900 after my first Panther upgrade.) So if you have an Epson printer, check which package its driver is in Even if your printer is

in the EPSON Printer Drivers 2 package, though, you should install EPSON Printer Drivers 1 also-it contains the EPSON Printer Utility, which you use

to check ink levels, clean the print head, and so on The Gimp-Print Printer Drivers package supports a great many printers that don't appear in any other package-and provides advanced features for some that do I recom- mend keeping it selected Beyond that, you can deselect any package that

doesn't apply to your setup These driver packages are large (the Lexmark drivers, for example, require 213 MB of space), so omitting ones you don't need can reduce the size of your Panther installation significantly Keep in mind, though, that if you buy a new printer later (or use your laptop t o print while on the road), it can be handy to have as many options as possible

Additional Speech Voices: If you use Mac OS X's synthesized speech,

you'll appreciate the higher quality of these voices If you're sure you never want your computer to talk to you, deselect it

Fonts: The Fonts for Additional Languages package covers Arabic, Hebrew,

Thai, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Gujarati, Punjabi, Armenian, Cherokee, and Inuk- titut If you need to write in any of those languages, select this package The AdditionaI Asian Fonts package includes extra fonts for Chinese, Japanese, and I<orean (though some are already included in the default installation)

If you don't use any of those languages, you can deselect this package

Language Translations: Not to be confused with fonts, these files provide

the resources for Mac OS X itself to appear in other languages-including menus, dialogs, and alert messages If you don't read any of these languages, you can deselect them

X11: This small package enables you to run a variety of Unix software with a complete GUI Popular X I 1 applications include 0penOffice.org

(http://www.openoffice.org/), an office suite similar to Microsoft Office, and the GNU Image Manipulation Program, or GIMP (http://rnrnrnaybe.girnp.org/

macintosh/), an image editor similar t o Photoshop Because X11-based software gives you so much power for free, I recommend installing X11

As you select and deselect packages, the installer provides a running total

of how much additional space is required for the installation and how much free space remains on the selected volume After making your choices, click OI(; then click Continue Installation

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TIP If you get partway through an installation and realize you need to back out,

choose File > Quit In the dialog that appears, click Startup Disk and select your previous system volume If you don't do this, your computer will try to start up from the installation CD again Note that you cannot quit the installer after you've clicked the final Continue Installation button and the installation is underway

HAVE A CUP OF TEA

Depending on which options you've selected and the speed of your

computer and optical drive, installation may take as little as 20 minutes

or more than an hour This is a good time to organize your sock drawer, call your mom, or have a cup of tea

When the software on the first CD has been installed, your computer should restart automatically, eject the CD, and (in most cases) ask you

to insert the second or third CD (where the optional software packages are located) After the installer has stopped asking you questions, your Panther Desktop should appear, and you can begin exploring your

new operating system

Shortly after your computer starts up under Panther for the first time, Software Update should run automatically If it does not, choose Software Update from the Apple menu Software Update checks if a newer version of Mac OS X (or any of the software installed with it) is available-and if so, offers to download and install it

Depending on the specifics of your system, the choices available t o you will vary In general, I recommend installing updates for all software you use regularly, especially Panther itself The 10.3.1 and 10.3.2 updates in particular fixed a large number of bugs, some of which were quite serious Apple has also released several security updates, new versions of iSync and iCal, and updated Java and Eluetooth software packages, to name just a few Before reinstalling other software, connecting FireWire hard drives,