Đáp án Writing 3 Eng 217 DTU 2023 Chapter 1 File đầy đủ. Adjective clause=Relative clause: relative pronoun (who, whom, which, that…) (+ S) +V+… Function of Relative pronouns: are used to describe the noun before (Chức năng của những đại từ quan hệ: những đại từ quan hệ được sử dụng để mô tả cho danh từ đứng ngay trước nó)NOUN + relative pronoun (who, whom, which, that…)Adjective clause: Mệnh đề tính từRelative clause: Mệnh đề quan hệRelative pronoun: Đại từ quan hệA relative pronoun can be the subject of its own clause.•Subject Relative Pronouns: who, which, thatAmerican football, which is the most popular sport In the United States, began at Harvard University.In this pattern, who, which, and that can be either singular or plural. Make the verb agree with the antecedent.I have not read the magazine that is lying on the coffee table.(The verb is lying is singular to agree with the singular antecedent magazine.)I have not read the magazines that are lying on the coffee table.{The verb are lying is plural to agree with the plural antecedent magazines.)•Adjective clauses are either restrictive (necessary) or nonrestrictive (unnecessary).Restrictive (necessary): no commas: danh từ chung ko có dấu phẩyThe professor who teaches my biology class won a Nobel Prize two years ago.Nonrestrictive (unnecessary): commas: danh từ riêng CÓ dấu phẩyProfessor Jones, who teaches my biology class, won a Nobel Prize two years ago.The following examples show you how to combine two sentences to make a new sentence containing a subject pattern adjective clauses.
Trang 1LESSON 1: ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 1 (MỆNH ĐỀ TÍNH TỪ)
(WHO, THAT, WHICH- AS THE SUBJECT)
- Adjective clause=Relative clause:
relative pronoun (who, whom, which, that…) (+ S) +V+…
- Function of Relative pronouns: are used to describe the noun before
(Chức năng của những đại từ quan hệ: những đại từ quan hệ được sử dụng để mô tả cho
danh từ đứng ngay trước nó)
NOUN + relative pronoun (who, whom, which, that…)
Adjective clause: Mệnh đề tính từ
Relative clause: Mệnh đề quan hệ
Relative pronoun: Đại từ quan hệ
A relative pronoun can be the subject of its own clause
Subject Relative Pronouns: who, which, that
American football, which is the most popular sport In the United States, began at
Harvard University
In this pattern, who, which, and that can be either singular or plural Make the verb agree with
the antecedent
I have not read the magazine that is lying on the coffee table.
(The verb is lying is singular to agree with the singular antecedent magazine.)
I have not read the magazines that are lying on the coffee table.
{The verb are lying is plural to agree with the plural antecedent magazines.)
Adjective clauses are either restrictive (necessary) or nonrestrictive (unnecessary).
Restrictive (necessary): no commas: danh từ chung ko có dấu phẩy
The professor who teaches my biology class won a Nobel Prize two years ago.
Nonrestrictive (unnecessary): commas: danh từ riêng CÓ dấu phẩy
Professor Jones, who teaches my biology class, won a Nobel Prize two years ago.
The following examples show you how to combine two sentences to make a new sentence containing a subject pattern adjective clauses
For People
Restrictive
who, that
People save time and energy They use microwave ovens
People who use microwave ovens save time and energy.
Trang 2Ovens are capable of cooking food quickly They use microwave
energy Ovens that use microwave energy are capable of cooking
foods quickly
Nonrestrictive
Which
An electron tube in the oven produces microwaves Microwaves cook
by agitating the water molecules in food
An electron tube in the oven produces microwaves, which cook by agitating the water molecules in food.
***Reduce adjective clause/ Delete the subject relative pronoun:
Giản lược mệnh đề tính từ/ Loại bỏ đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ:
Khi đại từ quan hệ (who, that, which) làm chủ ngữ thì chúng có thể được bỏ đi trong câu:
- You may delete the relative pronoun and the be verb when:
1 Subject relative pronouns are followed by a prepositional phrase.: mệnh đề tính từ có cụm giới
từ -> bỏ đại từ quan hệ và bỏ “be”
- prepositional phrase: cụm giới từ: là những cụm từ bắt đầu bằng giới từ
Ex1: The man who is in the house is my father.
The man in the house is my father.
Ex2: The books that are on the desk are mine
The books on the desk are mine.
2 The main verb in the relative clause is progressive tense.: động từ của mệnh đề tính từ là thì tiếp diễn bỏ đại từ quan hệ và bỏ “be”
Ex1: The man who is swimming in the lake is my father.
The man swimming in the lake is my father.
Ex2: The books that are lying on the floor are mine.
The books lying on the floor are mine.
3 The main verb in all tenses: mệnh đề quan hệ có động từ của tất cả các thì khi bỏ đại từ quan hệ thì động từ chính thêm “ing”
Ex1: People who buy lottery tickets are often found at bingo.
Trang 3 People buying lottery tickets are often found at bingo.
Ex2: The bus which leaves at 6:03 was late today, so I caught the 6:08 one for downtown.
The bus leaving at 6:03 was late today, so I caught the 6:08 one for downtown.
4
Passive voice: khi mệnh đề tính từ ở dạng bị động (be +V3) bỏ đại từ quan hệ và bỏ “be”
Ex1: The vase that was broken last night was my birthday gift.
The vase broken last night was my birthday gift.
Ex2: The children who are brought up in the countryside are usually healthy.
The children brought up in the countryside are usually healthy.
II LANGUAGE PRACTICE
2.1 Combine the two sentences Add commas if necessary.
1) She loves books (the books have happy endings)
She loves books which/that have happy endings
2) They live in a city (the city is in the north of England)
They live in a city which/that is in the north of England
3) The man is in the garden (the man is wearing a blue jumper)
The man which/that is wearing a blue jumper is in the garden
4) Anyone must have a logical mind He or she wants to be a computer programmer
Anyone who wants to be a computer programmer must have a logical mind
5) Foreigners also have difficulty with English spelling English spelling is not always
consistent with its pronunciation
Foreigners also have difficulty with English spelling which/that is not always consistentwith its pronunciation
6) The fruit is on the table The fruit isn’t fresh
The fruit is on the table which isn’t fresh
7) While he lectured, he showed us a slide The slide diagrammed the double helix structure of DNA
While he lectured, he showed us a slide that/which diagrammed the double helix structure
of DNA
2.2 Reduce the relative clauses
1 The man who is standing there is a clown
The man standing there is a clown
2 Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives
Benzene, discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes,
perfumes and explosives
3 My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house
My grandmother, being old and sick, never goes out of the house
4 Joggers who will run in the marathon should get to the stadium early to warm up
Trang 45 A person who does at least 30 minutes of exercise a day will feel better
A person doing at least 30 minutes of exercise a day will feel better.
2.3 Identify Adjective clause in the following sentences
1 Environmental science, which is compulsory for all students, is one of the most popular courses inthe college
2 The man who stands behind the counter
is shaking hands with the customer
Trang 5Picture 2
3 The women sitting at the table are trying
to reach an agreement
4 The women who are sitting at the table
try to reach an agreement
Picture 3
5 There are buildings on the side of the river which have many people living inthe city
6 People are walking along the path which has many buildings on the side of the rive
Trang 63 Some/ listening to/ people/ a pen/ man/ are/ the/ holding/ who is.
Some people are listening to the man who is holding a pen.
4 The/ the left/ a presentation/ man/ on/ is/ making
The man who is on the left is making a presentation
3.2.2 Make sentences about the pictures with the suggested words
1 who/ discuss/ engineers
………
………
2 wait/ want/ line
3 modern/ locate/ river
Trang 7………
………
………
IV TEST PRACTICE In this part of the test, you will write ONE sentence that is based on a picture With each picture, you will be given two words or phrases that you must use in your sentence You can change the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order.
1 The boat which is on the water is a yacht The people who are sitting in their car looking at the
map
hat/ look
3 The hats which are on the table look
The man who standing across is looking at the woman
Trang 9(Lession 2 trang sau)
LESSON 2 PREPOSITIONS OF TIME & PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE &
PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION
I Prepositions of Time
1.1 Prepositions that show a point of time
Since from until/by before/ prior to + a point of time (3 o’clock, July, Friday morning, etc.)
The project team leader would like to see us before 5:00 p.m
Notes:
1 Until means up to a particular time or event; by means not later than.
The library will be open until 7.
You should submit the report by 7.
2 Below are some common expressions expressing a point of time.
Three weeks from now
Three weeks prior to the date
From 3o’clock onward(s)
1.2 Prepositions that show a period of time or a duration
She has been using English for ten years
Pete guided the employees through the training process
Notes:
3 FOR expresses how long something has lasted; DURING indicates when
something happens, meaning from the beginning to the end of a particular period The mechanic has been working on the project for 2 years.
Countless foreigners travel to Italy during the Christmas season.
Trang 104 IN can also precede a period of time, meaning no more than/ within.
Your application for membership will be processed in two days.
1.3 Identifying a point of time or a duration to use prepositions correctly.
I will have this done (within/by) the end of the month
We have been married (for/since) two years
1.4 PRACTICE
1.4.1 Fill each gap with an appropriate preposition.
5 The construction will be finished in _ February
6 The meeting lasted _for _5 hours
7 He founded the organization _in 1999
8 The National Art Gallery will be open in _ May
9 Every employee has to come back to the office at_ 2p.m
10 The factory will be closed for the Christmas season
1.4.2 Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
11 You have to pay a deposit (by/until/at/within) 30 days
12 The annual sales meeting will be held (in/at/on/for) noon
1.4.3 Fill the gap with correct preposition
13 What are you doing _in _ the weekend?
14 I don't know yet Maybe I'll go to the cinema _on Saturday
15 That's interesting I haven't been to the cinema in so many years
16 We could go there together _in _ the afternoon
17 That would be great But I would prefer to go there _in the evening I am
visiting my grandma _on Saturday
18 That's okay The film starts at eight o'clock
19 I can pick you up at _ half past seven How long does the film last?
20 It lasts _for _ two hours and forty-five minutes
Trang 1121 From eight till a quarter to eleven.
22 That's right But I must hurry home _from the film I have to be home
_until eleven o'clock
II PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
2.1 Prepositions of Place
Identify the prepositions of place in the following examples:
Prepositions Examples
- He lifted his hands above/over his head
- Look in the cupboard below/under the sink
- I sat down beside/next to my wife
- There is a park right behind the building
- There’s a table between a and chair a bookshelf
The midday meal was served between 2 and 4 o’clock
They walked among the crowds
- I like to sit near a window
- All staff should be aware of activities within the company
The profit of this year increased within five percentage points
of its competitors
- Some of the travelers wanted to walk around the night
market
2.2 Common expressions with over/ under/ between/ within/ around
In addition to showing a place, the preposition over/ under/ between/ within/ around can be used to refer to a state, connection, relationship, etc
Prepositions Expressions
Trang 12Under Under new management
Under close supervisionUnder current contractUnder control
Under pressure Under investigation Under review
under consideration Under discussion Under development Between A difference/ gap between A and B
Around the corner
B-LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1 The movie was interesting We went to it.
the movie to which we went to it was interresting.
2 I met the people You told me about them.
I met the people about whom you told me.
3 I couldn’t understand the woman I talked to her on the phone.
I couldn’t understand the woman to whom I talked on the phone.
4 I want to tell you about the party I went to it last night.
I want to tell you about the party to which I went last night
5 The music was gentle We listened to it last night.
The music to which we listened last night was gentl
6 Alice likes the foreign family She is living with them.
11
Alice likes the foreign family with whom she is living
7 The market has refresh vegetables I usually go to it.
The market to which I usually go has refresh vegetables.
8 The man is over there I told you about him.
The man is over there about whom I told you.
Trang 139 The film is fantastic They are talking about it.
The film about which they are talking is fantastic.
10 She’s the nurse We gave the flowers to her.
She’s the nurse to whom we gave the flowers to her.
11 We are speaking to the man The man was our new history teacher.
The man to whom we are speaking was our new history teacher
12 The teacher is Mr Pike We studied with him last year.
The teacher with whom we studied last year is Mr Pike
13 We are very interested in the problem It has been discussed in class.
We are very interested in the problem which has been discussed in class
14 Lung cancer is very dangerous Million of people died of it.
Lung cancer of which million of people died is very dangerous
15 I like standing at the window I can see the park from the window.
I like standing at the window from which I can see the park
2.3 PRACTICE
2.3.1 Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence
1 The car stopped (at/into/on) the intersection
2 The new office is (at/on/over) the third floor
3 There is a paper shredder (under/between/over) the desk
4 There are many museums (into/in/at) the city
5 I saw the notice (on/for/at) the board yesterday
6 The law firm (across/through/ behind) the street will lay off 15 lawyers
7 The executive officers walked (along/among/within/over) the corridor
2.3.2 Complete the exercise according to the picture.
Trang 1423 (In/on/at) the picture, I can see a woman.
24 The woman is sitting (at/ in front of/ on) a table
25 She is sitting (in/on/at) a chair
26 There is another chair (across/opposite/ beside) the woman
27 Her feet are (beside/on/under) the table
28 The woman is holding a cup (at/ in/into) her hands
29 (Above/ at/ on) the table are a laptop, a paper, a calculator, an appointment
calendar, two pens and a muffin
30 The woman is looking (at/on/to) her laptop
31 The woman's bag is (between/behind/under) the table
III Prepositions of Direction
3.1 Identify prepositions of Direction in the following examples
Prepositions Examples
- The copy can be obtained from the office
Trang 15- They will send the package to your client
- We walked across the ice pass /go past
- I walked through the woods
- Newman walked along the street
- I’m leaving for Busan
- She walked towards me
We moved all the luggage into the room
- I took the key out of my pocket
3.2 Common expressions with from/to/along/across/out of
Besides indicating direction, from also shows who gave the opinion, to refers to a state,
out of is used with the meaning without /beyond the range or limit of, etc Below are
some common expressions
extent
to my knowledge to your heart’s
content
office
Trang 16IV PRACTICE
4.1 Decide which of the choices (A), (B), (C), or (D) best completes the sentence.
1 Subscribers to the online newsletter were informed that their names would be removed _ the list if they did not reply to the e-mail asking if they wished to be retained
2 The new highway, which will run the mountains, is expected to causeirreversible damage to wildlife and the ecosystem
3 “This product should be kept _reach of children as it contains many toxicagents
4.2 Complete the following sentences with the correct preposition:
to, toward, on, onto, in, or into Some sentences may have more than one possible correctanswer Remember that a few verbs of motion take only "on" rather than "onto."
1 Anna has returned to her home town
2 The dog jumped _into _ the lake
3 Are the boys still swimming in the pool?
4 Thomas fell on the floor
5 The plane landed _on _ the runway
6 We drove toward toward _ the river for an hour but turned north before we reachedit
7 The kids climbed on the monkey bars
8 Joanna got into Fred's car
9 The baby spilled his cereal on the floor
10 We cried to the man on the ladder, "Hang _on _!"
Trang 1711 I went to the gym.
12 Matthew and Michelle moved the table into the dining room
13 Allan left your keys _on _ the table
14 Dr Karper apologized for interrupting us and told us to carry _on _ with ourdiscussion
15 I walk to the amusement park
16 Pat drove Mike _to _ the airport
17 Glenn almost fell into the river
18 The waitress noticed that there was no more Diet Pepsi in Marty's glass
19 Lee and Sarah took the bus that was heading _toward _ the university
20 Mary Sue jumped on the stage and danced
4.3 Choose the correct preposition:
1 We walked (up/down/ over) to the top of the mountain and then we cycled(through/up/down) to the bottom again
2 We both jumped (up/down/into) the swimming pool at the same time
3 When I finished high school I drove (across/down/over) Europe in a caravan with two
of my friends
4 In some countries, it's considered unlucky to walk (through/down/under) a ladder
5 The athletes ran (around/off/up) the track for 1 hour
6 You must always wear a helmet when you cycle in case you fall (under/off/into) thebike
7 The first person to swim (around/over/across) the English Channel was Mathew Webb,
in 1875
8 He broke his ankle when he was trying to jump (over/ off/under) a hump in his street
9 Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese sailor who sailed (off/around/over) the world inthe 16th Century
10 In PE classes we have to climb (through/across/ up) a rope in 20 seconds
Trang 1811 He was skiing (down/under/around) the hill when he had the accident
12 I would never do base jumping I think it's really dangerous to jump (up/off/through)
a building even if you have a parachute
13 Stunt motorcyclists sometimes jump (over/under/across) cars or even buses
14 The boat sailed (out of/ along/across) the river up to the sea
15 Get (out of/up/along) the car now! I have to take you to school
16 Drivers in the Paris-Dakar drive (down/across/out of) the Sahara desert
17 Our class walked (on/down/through) a beautiful forest during our last school trip
18 If you are afraid of heights, don't look (on/down/through) when you are climbing themountain
19 The teacher walked (into/through/up) the class, so we stopped talking and sat down
20 If I walk (in/through/over) that door, I will never come back
4.4 Complete the exercise with convenient prepositions
1 I usually meet up _ my friends _ the weekend
2 Don’t be late school
3 You are the new student _Portugal
4 Are you a teacher _ this school?
5 Jessica is vacation She is Italy now
6 What is this called English?
7 Look the flowers
8 Adam's birthday is _ July
9 Don’t run the classroom
4.5 Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions
1 Compare your answers _your partner’s
2 This key holder is very special me
Trang 193 Kittens and mice are _the same place
4 Write _ me soon
5 Have you got a piece paper?
6 What’s that CD for? It is my exam
7 I’m tall _ black hair and brown eyes
8 We have got a house a big garden
9 I come _ a big family
10 Match the pictures the names
11 Is your house the country?
12 Guess What do have I have _ my hand?
13 I have got two pens What you?
4.6 Choose the correct answer:
32 Go _ these stairs until you reach the top floor
Trang 22LESSON 3: ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 3
-WHOSE, -QUANTITY & QUALITY: TỪ CHỈ SỐ LƯỢNG & TỪ CHỈ CHẤT LƯỢNG
A-LANGUAGE FOCUS
1 Possessive pronoun “whose”: Đại từ sở hữu
In possessive adjective clauses, the relative pronoun whose replaces a possessive word such as
Mary’s, his, our, their, the company’s, or its Possessive adjective clauses can follow the subject
or the object pattern
In the subject pattern, the whose + noun phrase is the subject of the adjective clause In the object pattern, the whose + noun phrase is the object in the adjective^ clause.
Notes
1.Some writers feel that whose should be used to refer only to people For animals and
things, they recommend using of which Compare:
I returned the book whose cover was torn.
I returned the book, the cover of which was torn.
Other writers use whose in all but the most formal writing (such as legal documents).
2 When whose + noun is the subject of an adjective clause, the verb agrees with that noun.
She takes care of two children whose mother works at night.
(The verb works is singular to agree with mother.)
She takes care of two children whose parents work at night.
(The verb work is plural to agree with parents.)
STRUCTURE WITH WHOSE: CẤU TRÚC CÂU KHI SỬ DỤNG WHOSE
Whose + Noun + Verb: Whose as S
Whose + Noun + Subject +Verb: Whose as O
Ex:
1 The man whose wife you just met is my
neighbor
2. The police is looking for the man whose
car has been broken.
Trang 232 Phrases of quantity and quality: Cụm từ chỉ số lượng và chất lượng
Quantity Relative Pronoun
(Đại từ quan hệ chỉ số lượng)
- He gave two answers, both of which were correct.
-They have five children, three of whom are nurses.
Quality Relative Pronouns
(Đại từ quan hệ chỉ chất lượng)
Example
smartest of whom/which
the oldest of whom/which
the most important of whom/which
the most handsome of whom/which…
-She has three daughters, the oldest of whom is studying abroad -We have several cats, the youngest of which is white.
Đại từ quan hệ chỉ số lượng: là đại từ quan hệ (whom/which) kết hợp với 1 từ chỉ số lượng Đại từ quan hệ chỉ chất lượng: là đại từ quan hệ (whom/which) kết hợp với so sánh nhất
B-LANGUAGE PRACTICE
Rewrite the sentences
1 Nam is the boy with black curly hair
> The boy whose hair is black curly is Nam
2 The man seems very lonely because his wife and children are away
> The man whose wife and children are away seem very lonely
3 I went to 2 telephone boxes but they were both out of order
> I went to 2 telephone boxes which I am busy worked
4 The city has sixteen schools Two of them are junior colleges
-> The city has sixteen schools, two of which are junior colleges
5 Last night the orchestra played three symphonies One of them was Beethoven’s Seventh. -> Last night the orchestra played three symphonies, one of which was Beethoven’s Seventh
6 I tried on six pairs of shoes I liked none of them
-> I tried on six pairs of shoes, none of which I like
7 I apologized to the woman I spilled her coffee
-> I apologized to the woman whose coffee I spilled
7 The village has around 200 people The majority of them are farmers
-> The village has around 200 people, the majority of whom are farmers
8 That company currently has five employees All of them are computer experts
-> That company currently has five employees, all of whom are computer experts
Trang 249 After the riot, over one hundred people were taken to the hospital Many of them had been innocent bystanders.
-> After the riot, over one hundred people were taken to the hospital Many of them had been innocent bystanders
10 The man called the police His wallet was stolen
-> The man whose wallet was stolen called the police
2.2 Identify Adjective clause in the following sentences
1 I met the woman whose husband is the president of the corporation
1 The woman whose tire was broken
is calling the telephone
2 The woman whose baby is crying
has a flat tire