Iec 62341 6 2 2015

3 Fig re C.2 – Gra hical re resentation of the colour gamut volume f or sRGB in the CIELAB colour sp ce... 31 Ta le 4 – Me s red tristimulu values f or the minimum set of colours se Ta l

IEC 62341 - 6- 2

Editio 2.0 2 15-12

Organic l ght emit t ing diode (OLED) displays –

Part 6- 2: Measuring met hods of visual qual ty and ambient per ormance

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IEC 62341 - 6- 2

Edit io 2.0 2 15-12

Organic l ght emit t ing diode (OLED) displays –

Part 6- 2: Measuring met hods of visual qual ty and ambient per ormance

INT ERNAT IONAL

ELECT ROT ECHNICAL

FOREWORD 5

1 Sco e 7

2 Normative ref eren es 7

3 Terms, def i ition an a breviation 7

3.1 Terms an def i ition 7

3.2 Ab reviation 10 4 Stru ture of me s rin eq ipment 10 5 Stan ard me s rin con ition 10 5.1 Stan ard me s rin en ironmental con ition 10 5.2 Stan ard l g tin con ition 10 5.2.1 Dark- o m con ition 1

0 5.2.2 Ambient i umination con ition 1

5.3 Stan ard setup con ition 16 5.3.1 General 16 5.3.2 Adju tment of OLED display mod les 16 5.3.3 Startin con ition of me s rements 16 5.3.4 Con ition of me s rin eq ipment 16 6 Vis al in p ction of static images 17 6.1 General 17 6.2 Clas ification of visible defects 17 6.2.1 General 17 6.2.2 Ref eren e examples for s b ixel defects 17 6.2.3 Ref eren e example f or l ne def ects 19 6.2.4 Ref eren e example f or mura def ects 19 6.3 Vis al in p ction method an criteria 2

6.3.1 Stan ard in p ction con ition 2

6.3.2 Stan ard in p ction method 21

6.3.3 In p ction criteria 2

7 Electro-o tical me s rin method un er ambient i umination 2

7.1 Reflection me s rements 2

7.1.1 Purp se 2

7.1.2 Me s rin con ition 2

7.1.3 Me s rin the hemispherical dif fu e ref lectan e 2

7.1.4 Me s rin the reflectan e f actor for a directional l g t source 2

7.2 Ambient contrast ratio 2

7.2.1 Purp se 2

7.2.2 Me s rin con ition 2

7.2.3 Me s rin method 2

7.3 Display daylg t colour 2

7.3.1 Purp se 2

7.3.2 Me s rin con ition 2

7.3.3 Me s rin method 2

7.4 Dayl g t colour gamut volume 3

7.4.1 Purp se 3

7.4.2 Me s rin con ition 3

7.4.3 Me s rin method 31

7.4.4 Re ortin 3

An ex A (informative) Me s rin relative photolumines en e contribution f rom display 3

A.1 Purp se 3

A.2 Me s rin con ition 3

A.3 Me s rin the bi-sp ctral photolumines en e of the display 3

A.4 Determinin the relative PL contribution fom the display 3

An ex B (informative) Diag ostic f or o servin display luminan e de en en e fom ambient i umination 3

B.1 Purp se 3

B.2 Me s rin method 3

An ex C (inf ormative) Calc lation method of dayl g t colour gamut volume 3

C.1 Purp se 3

C.2 Proced re f or calc latin the colour gamut volume 3

C.3 Sur ace s bdivision method for CIELAB gamut volume calc lation 4

C.3.1 Purp se 4

C.3.2 As umption 4

C.3.3 Algorithm 4

C.3.4 Sof tware example exec tion 4

Biblogra h 4

Fig re 1 –Example of vis al in p ction ro m setup f or control of ambient ro m l g tin an reflection 1

Fig re 2 –Example of me s rement ge metries for a u if orm hemispherical dif fu e i umination con ition u in an integratin sphere an sampln sphere 13 Fig re 3 – Directional source me s rement ge metry u in an isolated source 15 Fig re 4 – Directional source me s rement ge metry u in a rin lg t source 15 Fig re 5 – L yout diagram of me s rement setup 16 Fig re 6 – Clas ification of visible defects 17 Fig re 7 – Brig t s b ixel def ects 18 Fig re 8 – Criteria f or clas ifyin brig t an dark s bpixel defects 19 Fig re 9 – Brig t an dark l ne defects 19 Fig re 10 –Sample image of l ne mura 2

Fig re 1 – Example of sp t mura 2

Fig re 12 – Setup con ition for vis al in p ction of electro-o tical vis al defects 2

Fig re 13 – Sha e of s ratc an dent def ect 2

Fig re 14 –Example of an e in colours prod ced by a given display as re resented by the CIELAB colour sp ce 3

Fig re A.1 – Scaled bi-sp ctral photolumines en e resp n e fom a display 3

Fig re A.2 – Decomp sed bi-sp ctral photolumines en e resp n e fom a display 3

Fig re B.1 – Example of display luminan e red ction cau ed by the hig i uminan e f rom a hig inten ity LED flas l g t directed at the display s race 3

Fig re C.1 – Analy is f low c art for calc latin the colour gamut volume 3

Fig re C.2 – Gra hical re resentation of the colour gamut volume f or sRGB in the CIELAB colour sp ce 3

Ta le 1 – Definition for typ s of s ratc an dent defects 2

Ta le 2 – Eigen alues M

1

2

for CIE dayl g t Il uminants D5 an D7 2

Ta le 3 – Example of minimum colours req ired f or gamut volume calc lation of a 3-primary 8-bit display 31

Ta le 4 – Me s red tristimulu values f or the minimum set of colours (se Ta le 3) req ired for gamut volume calc lation u der the sp cified ambient i umination con ition 3

Ta le 5 – Calc lated white p int in the darkened ro m an dayl g t ambient con ition 3

Ta le 6 – Colour gamut volume in the CIELAB colour sp ce 3

Ta le C.1 – Tristimulu values of the sRGB primary colours 3

Ta le C.2 –Example of sRGB colour set represented in the CIELAB colour sp ce 3

Ta le C.3 –Example of sRGB colour gamut volume in the CIELAB colour sp ce 4

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

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ORGA NIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (OLED) DISPLA YS –

Part 6-2: Measuring methods of visual qual ty and ambient perf ormance

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International Stan ard IEC 6 3 1-6-2 has b en pre ared by IEC tec nical commite 1 0:

Electronic display devices

This secon edition cancels an re laces the first edition publs ed in 2 12 This edition

con titutes a tec nical revision

This edition in lu es the fol owin sig if i ant tec nical c an es with resp ct to the previou

edition:

a) Contents of 7.4 are c an ed

b) Contents an items of An ex C are c an ed

c) An ex B is ad ed

The text of this stan ard is b sed on the fol owin doc ments:

Ful inf ormation on the votin f or the a proval of this stan ard can b foun in the re ort on

votin in icated in the a ove ta le

A lst of al p rts of the IEC 6 3 1 series, publ s ed u der the general title Org nic light

emitting diode (OLED) displa s, can b fou d on the IEC we site

This publ cation has b en draf ted in ac ordan e with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2

The commit e has decided that the contents of this publ cation wi remain u c an ed u ti

the sta i ty date in icated on the IEC we site u der "ht p:/webstore.iec.c " in the data

related to the sp cif i publ cation At this date, the publ cation wi b

• reconfirmed,

• with rawn,

• re laced by a revised edition, or

• amen ed

A bi n ual version of this publcation may b is ued at a later date

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cov r pa e of this publ c tion indic te

th t it contains colours whic are considere to be us f ul f or the cor e t

und rsta ding of its conte ts Us rs s ould theref ore print this doc me t using a

colour printer

ORGA NIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (OLED) DISPLA YS –

Part 6-2: Measuring methods of visual qual ty and ambient perf ormance

This p rt of IEC 6 3 1 sp cifies the stan ard me s rement con ition an me s rement

method for determinin the vis al q alty an ambient p r orman e of organic l g t emit in

diode (OLED) display mod les an p nels This doc ment mainly a pl es to colour display

mod les

The f ol owin doc ments, in whole or in p rt, are normatively ref eren ed in this doc ment an

are in isp n a le f or its a pl cation For dated ref eren es, only the edition cited a ples For

u dated referen es, the latest edition of the referen ed doc ment (in lu in an

amen ments) a pl es

IEC 6 0 0 (al p rts), Intern tion l Electrot ec nic l Vo a ulary (avaia le at

IEC 619 6-2-1, Multimed ia systems a d e uipme t – Colo r measureme t a d ma a eme t

– P art 2-1: Colour ma a eme t – Defa lt RGB c lour sp c - sRGB

IEC 6 3 1-1-2, Org nic li ht emitting d iod e (OLED) d ispla s – P art 1-2: Termin lo y a d

me n for c ec in image q al ty by h man vis al o servation for clas ification an

comp rison again t lmit sample criteria

3.1.2

s b ix l defe ts

al or p rt of a sin le s b ixel, the minimum colour element, whic is visibly brig ter or darker

than s r ou din s b ixels of the same colour

Note 1 to e try: Furth r cla sif i atio s of s b ix l d fe ts are ma e d p n in o th n mb r a d c nfig ratio

of multiple s b ix l d fe ts within a re io of th dis la

Note 2 to e try: For mo o hromatic dis la s, th term “d t d f ect ma b u e

3.1.3

bright s b ix l def ects

defects in s b ixels or dots whic are visibly brig ter than s r ou din s b ixels of the same

colour when ad res ed with a u iform dark or grey b c grou d

3.1.4

dark s bpix l defe ts

defects in s b ixels or dots whic are visibly darker than s r ou din s b ixels of the same

colour when ad res ed with a u iform brig t b c grou d (e.g > 5 % f ul s re n luminan e)

3.1.5

partial s b ix l defe ts

defects in s b ixels or dots with p rt of the emis ion are o s ured s c that a visible

dif feren e in brig tnes is o served in comp rison with neig b rin s b ixels of the same

colour

3.1.6

clustere s bpix l defects

s b ixel or dot defects gathered in a sp cif ied are or within a sp cified distan e

defects in a vertical or horizontal brig t or dark l ne p ral el to a row or column o served

again t a dark or brig t b c grou d, resp ctively

visible defects in region in whic the luminan e and colour non-u if ormity general y vary

more grad al y than s b ixel level def ects

Note 1 to e try: For cla sific tio , th ma imum dime sio s o ld b le s th n o e fo rth of th dis la width or

visible defects in region in whic the luminan e variation is larger than a sin le pixel, an

whic a p ar as a localzed sl g tly darker or brig ter region with a smo thly varyin ed e

3.1.17

me ha ic l def ects

image artefacts arisin f rom defects in protective an contrast en an ement f ilms, co tin s,

mec anical fixturin , or other elements within the active are of the display

3.1.18

s ratc defe t

defect a p arin as f i e sin le or multiple l nes or s ratc es, general y lg t in a p aran e on

a dark b c grou d, an in e en ent of the display state

defect cau ed by a f oreig material lke d st or thre d in b twe n the contrast en an ement

f ilms, protective fi ms, or on an emit in s r ace within the active are of the display

3.1.21

bub le

defect cau ed by a cavity in or b twe n seal n materials, ad esives, contrast en an ement

f ilms, protective fi ms, or an other fi ms within the active are of the display

3.1.2

ambie t contra t ratio

contrast ratio of a display with external natural or artif i ial i umination in ident onto its s rf ace

an whic in lu es in o r i umination f om luminaires, or outdo r dayl g t i umination

3.1.2

colour gamut boundary

s rf ace determined by a colour gamut's extremes

sin le n mb r for c aracterizin the colour resp n e of a display device, u der a def i ed

ambient i umination con ition, in a thre -dimen ional colour sp ce

Note 1 to e try: Ty ic ly th c lo r g mut v lume is c lc late in th CIELAB c lo r s a e

3.2 Abbre iations

For the purp ses of this doc ment, the f ol owin a breviation a ply

CCT cor elated colour temp rature

CIE Commis ion Internationale de lEclairage (International Commis ion on

LTPS low temp rature p ly i con

OLED organic l g t emit in diode

RGB red, gre n, blue

SDCM stan ard deviation of colour matc in

sRGB stan ard RGB colour sp ce as def i ed in IEC 619 6-2-1

TFT thin fi m tran istor

4 Structure of measuring equipment

The s stem diagrams an /or o eratin con ition of the me s rin eq ipment s al comply

with the stru ture sp cified in e c item

5 Sta dard measuring conditions

5.1 Sta dard me s ring e vironme tal condition

Electro-o tical me s rements an vis al in p ction s al b car ied out u der the stan ard

en ironmental con ition , at a temp rature of 2 °C ± 3 °C, a relative h midity of 2 % to

8 %, an a pres ure of 8 kPa to 10 kPa When diff erent en ironmental con ition are u ed,

they s al b noted in the vis al in p ction or ambient p rf orman e re ort

5.2 Sta dard l ghting conditions

5.2.1 Dark-ro m con itions

The luminan e contribution f rom the b c grou d i umination reflected of f the test display

2

or les than 1/2 the display’s blac state luminan e, whic ever is

lower If these con ition are not satisfied, then b c grou d s btraction is req ired an it

s al b noted in the ambient p rf orman e re ort In ad ition, if the sen itivity of the LMD is

inadeq ate to me s re at these low levels, then the lower l mit of the LMD s al b noted in

the ambient p rorman e re ort

Unles stated otherwise, the stan ard l g tin con ition s al b the dark- o m con ition

5.2.2 Ambie t i umination con itions

5.2.2.1 Ambie t i umination con itions for vis al in pe tion

Ambient i umination con ition have a stron imp ct on the a i ty of the in p ctor to resolve

defects, an large variation of lg t inten ity in the vis al f ield can le d to in p ctor f atig e

an a res ltin los of sen itivity to defects Refer to ISO 9 41-310 f or general g idan e on

o timal i umination con ition for vis al in p ction of pixel def ects [1]

1

For in p ctor comfort an con isten y of in p ction con ition , an average ambient

i uminan e of b twe n 5 lx an 15 lx is s g ested in the in p ctor’s work are This

ambient i uminan e may b me s red, for example, with an i uminan e meter facin directly

upward in a horizontal plane at the a proximate eye level of the in p ctor Care s al b

taken to u e diff use i umination an diff use textures in the in p ction en ironment, to avoid

glare in the vis al field of the in p ctor An example of the me s rement ge metry is s own

in Fig re 1

The display u der test s al b placed to avoid direct i umination f rom ambient ro m l g t

sources In ad ition, dark l g t-a sorbin materials s al b u ed to cover sp c lar s rf aces

that may b viewed by the in p ctor in direct reflection f rom the display s r ace In an case,

to lmit degradation of the display contrast f om ambient l g t, the ambient i uminan e in ident

f rom ro m l g t sources on the display s r ace me s red with the display of s al b < 2 lx

If ambient i uminan e at the display s r ace is > 2 lx, it s al b noted in the vis al

in p ction re ort

Figure 1 –Ex mple of vis al in pe tion room s tup

f or control of ambie t room l ghting a d ref le tions

5.2.2.2 Ambie t i lumination con itions for ele tro-optic l me s reme ts

The fol owin i umination con ition are pres rib d f or electro-o tical me s rements of

display in ambient in o r or outdo r i umination con ition Ambient in o r ro m

i umination an outdo r i umination of cle r s y dayl g t, on a display s al b a proximated

by the combination of two i umination ge metries.[2] Unif orm hemispherical dif fu e

i umination wi b u ed to simulate the b c grou d l g tin in a ro m, or the hemispherical

s ylg t in ident on the display, with s n oc lu ed A directed source in a dark ro m wi

simulate the eff ect of directional i umination on a display by a luminaire in a ro m, or fom

direct s nl g t

Some display can emit photolumines en e (PL) when exp sed to certain l g t The relative

imp ct of PL on the ref lection me s rement can b determined, an is des rib d in An ex A

An i umination con ition that cau es a signif i ant reflection me s rement er or d e to the

presen e of PL s ould be tre ted careful y If the same i umination sp ctral distribution an

i umination/detection ge metry is u ed f or the reflection me s rements an the calc lation of

ambient contrast ratio an colour, then the PL can b in orp rated into the reflection

co ff i ients However, if the i umination sp ctrum u ed in the calc lation is sig if i antly

diff erent, then the reflected comp nent s al b me s red se arately f rom the PL comp nent

The lat er case is not ad res ed in this doc ment

It s ould also b confirmed that the display luminan e is not sen itive to the ambient

i umination in ident on the display An ex B provides a simple diag ostic to con rm this

The f ol owin i umination con ition s al b u ed to simulate in o r an outdo r display

viewin en ironments:

a) In o r ro m i umination con ition :

1) Uniform hemispherical diff use i umination – Use a l g t source closely a proximatin

CIE Stan ard Il uminant A, CIE Stan ard Il uminant D6 , or CIE Stan ard Il uminant

D5 as defined in CIE 15:2 0 The u e of an inf ared-bloc in f ilter is also

recommen ed to minimize sample he tin f om the i uminants The UV region (< 3 0

nm) of al l g t sources s al b c t of f Ad itional sources may also b u ed,

de en in on the inten ed a pl cation For sp ctral me s rements, if it can b

demon trated that the display do s not ex ibit sig ificant PL (< 1 % PL, se An ex A)

for the selected referen e source sp ctra, then a sp ctral y smo th bro db n source

(s c as an a proximation to CIE Stan ard Iluminant A) may b u ed to me s re the

sp ctral ref lectan e Without sig ificant PL, a me s rement of the sp ctral reflectan e

u in a bro d source (lke Il uminant A) ena les the ambient contrast ratio an colour

to b calc lated later f or the desired ref eren e sp ctra (f or example D6 ) The in o r

ro m contrast ratio s al b calc lated u in 6 lx of u if orm hemispherical i umination

(with sp c lar in lu ed) in ident on the display s rf ace for a typical TV viewing ro m,

an 3 0 lx f or an off i e en ironment.[3] The actual hemispherical dif fu e ref lectan e

me s rement may req ire hig er i umination levels for b ter me s rement ac urac

The res lts are then s aled to the req ired i umination level

2) Directional i umination – The same source sp ctra s al b u ed as with u iform

hemispherical diff use i umination If a diff erent sp ctral source is u ed, it s al b

noted in the ambient p rorman e re ort The presen e of significant PL (se An ex A)

s al also b determined for the me s red source, an the precedin lmitation b

a pl ed when PL is present The in o r ro m contrast ratio or colour s al b

calc lated u in directional i umination of 4 lx in ident on the display s r ace for a

typical TV viewin ro m, an 2 0 lx for an of fice en ironment with the display in the

vertical orientation The actual reflectan e factor me s rement may req ire hig er

i umination levels for b t er me s rement ac urac The directed source s al b 4 °

s bten e of no more than 8° The an ular s bten e is defined as the ful an le sp n of

the lg t source f rom the centre of the display’s me s rement are

Other i umination levels may b u ed in ad ition to those defined a ove f or calc latin

the ambient contrast ratio u der in o r i umination con ition However,

a proximately 6 % of the total i uminan e s ould be u if orm hemispherical dif fu e

an 4 % directional i umination

b) Dayl g t i umination con ition :

1) Unif orm hemispherical dif fu e i umination – Use a l g t source closely a proximatin

s yl g t with the sp ctral distribution of CIE Iluminant D7 [4] Ad itional CIE dayl g t

i uminants may also b u ed, de en in on the inten ed a pl cation An infared

-bloc in fi ter is recommen ed to minimize sample he tin The UV region (< 3 0 nm)

of the l g t source s al b c t of f For sp ctral me s rements, if it can b

demon trated that the display do s not ex ibit sig ificant PL f or a 7 5 0 K cor elated

colour temp rature (CCT) source, then sp ctral reflectan e factor me s rements can

b made u in a sp ctral y smo th bro db n source (s c as an a proximation to

CIE Stan ard Il uminant A) The contrast ratio or colour can b calc lated later for the

D7 i uminant sp ctra The dayl g t contrast ratio an colour s al b calc lated u in

15 0 0 lx of u iform hemispherical diff use i umination (with sp c lar in lu ed) in ident

on a display s race in a vertical orientation.[4] [5] The actual hemispherical diff use

ref lectan e me s rement may b taken at lower i umination levels

2) Directional i umination – The directional l g t source s al a proximate CIE dayl g t

Il uminant D5 [4]

Ad itional CIE dayl g t i uminants may also b u ed, de en in on

the inten ed a pl cation The u e of an inf ared-bloc in fi ter is recommen ed to

minimize sample he tin The UV region (< 3 0 nm) of the lg t source s al b c t of f

If it can b demon trated that the display do s not ex ibit sig if i ant PL f or a source

a proximatin Il uminant D5 , then a sp ctral y smo th bro db n source (s c as an

a proximation to CIE Stan ard Iluminant A) may b u ed f or the reflectan e f actor

me s rement The ambient contrast ratio or colour can b calc lated later with the

D5 Il uminant sp ctra The dayl g t contrast ratio or colour s al b calc lated u in

6 0 0 lx for a directed source at an in l nation an le of θ

s

= 4 ° to the display s race

(se Fig re 3).[4] [5] The actual reflectan e f actor me s rement may b taken at lower

i umination levels, an the contrast ratio an colour calc lated f or the cor ect

i uminan e The directed source s al have an an ular s bten e of a proximately 0,5°

For dayl g t contrast ratio an colour calc lation f om sp ctral reflectan e factor

me s rements, the relative sp ctral distribution of CIE Il uminants A, D6 , D5 an

D7 ta ulated in CIE 15:2 0 s al b u ed Ad itional CIE dayl g t i uminants s al

b determined u in the a pro riate eigenfu ction , as defined in CIE 15:2 0

5.2.2.3 Uniform hemispheric l dif f us i lumination

An integratin sphere, sampl n sphere, or hemisphere s al b u ed to implement u iform

hemispherical i umination con ition Two p s ible examples of the me s rement ge metry

are s own in Fig re 2 If an integratin sphere that is at le st seven times the ph sical outer

diagonal of the display is avai a le, the display can b mou ted in the centre of the sphere

(Fig re 2, config ration A) For large display , a sampl n sphere (config ration B) or

hemisphere would b more s ita le In al cases, the config ration s al f ol ow the stan ard

di 8° to di 10° i umination/detection ge metry, where di is the stan ard notation f or dif fu e

with sp c lar in lu ed

Figure 2 –Ex mple of me s reme t geometrie f or a uniform hemispheric l

dif f us i umination condition u ing a inte rating sphere a d s mpl ng sph re

1) The display is placed in the centre of an integratin sphere/hemisphere, or again t the

sample p rt of a sampl n sphere The reflected luminan e of the display f rom the sphere

s al b mu h greater (> 10) than the luminan e f rom the display-generated l g t For

display without sig if i ant PL, the ref lected luminan e fom the sphere can b estimated

with the display turned OFF

2) For dayl g t me s rements with an a proximate 7 5 0 K CCT l g t source, an infared

-bloc in fi ter is recommen ed to minimize sample he tin The colour temp rature an

i umination sp ctra can b me s red f rom the reflected l g t of a white dif fu e ref lectan e

stan ard ne r the display me s rement are (Fig re 2, con g ration A), or the samplng

Baf fle Lig t

sphere wal adjacent to the sample p rt (Fig re 2, config ration B) The typ of l g t

source u ed, an its CCT, s al b noted in the ambient p rorman e re ort

3) The LMD is al g ed to view the centre of the display throu h a me s rement p rt in the

sphere wal at an

2

0

°8+

an le f rom the display normal The req ired LMD an le of

in l nation can also b re l sed by ti tin the display within the integratin sphere The

LMD is f oc sed on the display s r ace

4) The me s rement p rt diameter s al b 2 % to 3 % larger than the ef fective a erture

of the LMD len Care ne d to b taken to avoid an direct l g t fom the sources, or any

brig t reflection of f an s race (other than the s re n itself), fom hitin the len of the

LMD in order to minimise vei n glare contamination of the ref lected luminan e

me s rement The LMD s al b moved b c fom the hole so that the brig t wal s of the

sphere are not visible to the LMD In ad ition, the sample port diameter wi typical y ne d

to b larger than 2 mm in order f or the luminan e meter’s or sp ctroradiometer’s field of

view to b completely contained within the sample p rt

5) The me s rement p rt s al b b vel ed away f om the len The smal diameter of the

b vel is toward the LMD, an the large diameter on the in ide of the sphere

6) The sp ctral ir adian e or i uminan e on the display can b me s red u in a white

diff use reflectan e stan ard with k own hemispherical diff use sp ctral reflectan e f actor

ρ

std( ), or the photo ical y-weig ted (or luminou ) hemispherical diff use reflectan e f actor

ρ

std The white dif fu e reflectan e stan ard s al b cal brated u der u iform

hemispherical dif fu e i umination in an integratin sphere When an integratin sphere

(config ration A) or hemisphere is u ed, the white diff use reflectan e stan ard s al b

placed on the display s race If t is the thic nes of the white diff use reflectan e stan ard,

then it s al b placed on the s rf ace at a distan e of 5 × t to 7 × t f om the me s rement

are The white reflectan e stan ard can also b placed adjacent to an in the same

plane as the display if the sphere i umination is u iform over that distan e In the case of

the sampl n sphere, the sp ctral ir adian e can b determined by a me s rement of the

interior sphere wal adjacent to the sample p rt.[6] The hemispherical dif fu e sp ctral

reflectan e, or the luminou hemispherical dif fu e reflectan e, of the interior sphere wal

can b determined by comp rin the sp ctral radian e (or luminan e) of the wal with that

of a calbrated white diff use reflectan e stan ard placed at the sample p rt (i.e ρ

std)

7) If a sampln sphere is u ed, the display me s rement are s al contain more than 5 0

display pixels It is recommen ed that the sampl n sphere b at le st thre times larger

than the sample p rt diameter If there is a sig ificant distan e b twe n the display

emit in s rf ace an the sample p rt entran e, then the size of the sample p rt may ne d

to b in re sed.[7]

8) The i uminan e acros the display me s rement are s al vary les than ± % fom the

average

5.2.2.4 Dire te sourc i lumination

Directional i umination s al b simulated by an isolated directed source (Fig re 3) at a

defined an le of in l nation to the display s race normal, or rin l g t (Fig re 4) centred a out

the normal This me s rement s al b p rf ormed in a dark ro m, with al p tential reflective

ro m s rf aces havin a mat blac co tin Lig t f om the isolated directed source that is

ref lected of f the display in the sp c lar direction can b col ected by a l g t tra to minimize

its contribution to stray lg t contamination The isolated directed source is the prefer ed

directed source If the display ex ibits stron as mmetric s at er (matrix s at er [8]), then a

fom the horizontal plane The distan e

b twe n the display an directed source C

scan b adju ted so that the l g t source has

an an ular s bten e of < 8° for in o r a plcation , or a proximately 0,5° an ular s bten e

fom t he cent re of t he display me s rement area for out do r a plcation For rin l g t sources,

a fibre-o tic rin l g t s al b u ed, with an emiter an ular s bten e of a proximately

0,5° The rin l g t emitin plane s al b co-planar with the display s r ace an centred

a out the me s rement are The in l nation of the lg t θ

s

can b set by adju tin the

rin l g t workin distan e to the display The central cle r a erture of the rin l g t s al

b at le st 3 % larger than the ef fective a erture of the LMD len Ad itional

source/detector ge metries can b u ed, but s al b noted in the ambient p r orman e

re ort

2) The ref lected luminan e of the display f rom the directed source s al b mu h gre ter

(> 10) than the luminan e f om the display-generated l g t

3) The sp ctral ir adian e or i uminan e at the display me s rement p sition can b

determined by a white diff use reflectan e stan ard with a k own sp ctral ref lectan e

factor or photo ical y weig ted (or luminou ) reflectan e factor The white dif fu e

ref lectan e stan ard s al b placed at the same me s rement p sition as the display,

whic may req ire the display to b moved away f or the me s rement of the white diff use

ref lectan e stan ard The white diff use reflectan e stan ard s al b cal brated at the

same source-detector ge metry as the display me s rement F r photometric

me s rements, the white dif fu e ref lectan e stan ard s al b calbrated with the same

source sp ctral distribution that is to be u ed f or the contrast calc lation The typ of lg t

source u ed, an its cor elated colour temp rature, s al b noted in the ambient

p rorman e re ort

4) The i uminan e acros the display me s rement are s al vary les than ± % f rom the

average The display may also b rotated 9 ° with the l g t source in the horizontal plane

in Fig re 3

Fig re 3 – Dire tional sourc me s reme t geometry usin a isolate sourc

Figure 4 – Dire tional sourc me s reme t g ometry u ing a ring l ght sourc

5.3 Sta dard s tup conditions

Stan ard setup con ition are given b low An deviation f rom these con ition s al b

noted in the ambient p rorman e re ort

5.3.2 Adjustme t of OLED displa module

The display s al b me s red at its f actory default set in s If other setin s are u ed, they

s al b noted in the test re ort These setin s s al b held con tant for al me s rements,

u les stated otherwise

5.3.3 Starting conditions of me s reme ts

Me s rements s al b started af ter the OLED display mod les an me s rin in truments

ac ieve sta i ty Suf ficient warm-up time has to b al owed for the OLED display mod les to

re c a luminan e sta i ty level of les than ± % over the entire me s rement for a given

display image

5.3.4 Conditions of me s ring e uipme t

The me s rin con ition s al comply with the f ol owin con ition :

1) The stan ard me s rement setup is s own in Fig re 5 The LMD s al b a luminan e

meter, or a sp ctroradiometer ca a le of me s rin sp ctral radian e over at le st the

3 0 nm to 7 0 nm wavelen th ran e, with a maximum b n width of 10 nm for smo th

bro db n sp ctra For lg t sources that have s arp sp ctral f eatures, l ke LEDs an

fluores ent lamps, the maximum b n width s al b < 5 nm The sp ctral b n width of the

sp ctroradiometer s al b an integer multiple of the sampl n interval For example, a

5 nm sampl n interval can b u ed f or a 5 nm or 10 nm b n width

Care s al b taken to en ure that the LMD has enou h sen itivity an d namic ran e to

p r orm the req ired tas The me s red LMD sig al s al b at le st ten times gre ter

than the dark level of the LMD

2) The lg t-me s rin device s al b foc sed on the image plane of the display an al g ed

p rpen ic lar to its s r ace, u les stated otherwise

3) The relative u certainty an re e ta i ty of al the me s rin devices s al b maintained

by f olowin the in trument s p ler’s recommen ed cal bration s hed le

Figure 5 – La out dia ram of me s reme t s tup

4) The LMD integration time s al b an integer n mb r of f ame p riod , s n hronized to

the f rame rate, or the integration time s al b gre ter than 2 0 f rame p riod

5) When me s rin matrix display , the lght me s rin devices s al b set to a

me s rement field that in lu es more than 5 0 pixels If smal er me s rement are s are

neces ary, eq ivalen e to 5 0 pixels s al b confirmed

6) The stan ard me s rin distan e l

x

is 2,5 × V (for V ≥ 2 cm) or 5 cm (f or V < 2 cm),

where V is the heig t of the display active are , or the s orter dimen ion of the active

are The me s rin distan e s al b noted in the ambient p rorman e re ort

7) The an ular a erture s al b les than or eq al to 5°, an the me s rement field an le

s al be les than or eq al to 2° (Fig re 5) The me s rin distan e an the a erture

an le may b adju ted to ac ieve a me s ring field gre ter than 5 0 pixels if setin the

a ove a erture an le is diff i ult

8) Display mod les s al b o erated at their desig fame feq en y When u in se arate

drivin sig al eq ipment to o erate a p nel, the drive con ition s al b noted in the

ambient p rf orman e re ort

6 Visual inspection of static images

In recent ye rs, ef forts have b en made to uti ze automated mac ine vision in p ction as a

me n of detectin vis al def ects, but at the present time a rigorou s stem to con ect the

h man ph siological resp n e to the me s red q antities is not complete f or al clas es of

defects Theref ore, h man vis al in pection an comp rison again t l mit samples remain the

most u iversal s stem f or gradin an clas ification of vis al defects For purp ses of

commu icatin fai ure modes an setin sp cification criteria, a stan ard clas if i ation

s heme an me s rement method f or vis al in p ction of OLED display p nels an mod les

is ne ded

6.2 Cla sif ic tion of visible defe ts

To aid in commu icating an sp cifyin vis al def ects, as wel as in determinin f ai ure

modes, it is u eful to sp cify a clas if i ation s heme for vis al defects Fig re 6 de icts a

clas ification s heme There are two general typ s of def ects: those that de en on the

electro-o tical resp n e an those that are mec anical in origin Electro-o tical defects are

ordered f rom to to b t om b sed on the clarity of the def ect ed e typical y o served

Mec anical defects general y originate fom proces damage or contamination

Figure 6 – Cla sific tion of visible defe ts

6.2.2 Refere c e ample f or s bpix l d f ects

Fig re 7 ) provides an example of one brig t s b ixel defect of red, gre n an blue,

resp ctively It s ould b u dersto d that the defect desig ation des rib d here a ply to

other s b ixel ar an ements that may b contemplated (f or example in lu ion of a white

s b ixel) Fig re 7 ) s ows examples of two adjacent brig t s b ixel def ects con ected or

Su pix l

Clu tere

Lin

Mura Elec tro-o t ic l

Visible d fe t

Me h nic l

De t Scratch

Bu ble Foreig material

Cle r b u d ry

Un-cle r b u d ry

IE

dis on ected in horizontal an vertical orientation Fig re 7c) s ows examples of thre

adjacent brig t s b ixel defects con ected in horizontal an vertical orientation

Fig re 7 ) – Sin le brig t su pixel def ect

Fig re 7b) – Two adja ent brig t su pixel defe ts

Fig re 7 ) – T re adja ent brig t su pixel def ects

Figure 7 – Bright s bpix l defe ts

If multiple s b ixel defects are se arated by a distan e that is gre ter than or eq al to a

sp cified distan e ds, they are clas ified as in ivid al s b ixel defects If they oc ur within a

sp cified distan e ds, they are clas ified as a close (or clu ter) s b ixel def ect Fig re 8 )

an Fig re 8 ) de ict the criteria for clas ifyin brig t an dark s b ixel defects, resp ctively

The sp cified distan e ds is comp red to the actual distan e d b twe n two brig t or dark

s b ixels Note that the sp cified distan e ds a pl es to the se aration b twe n s b ixels

BR

B

BG

BR

Fig re 8 ) – Brig t su pixel criteria f or clustered def ect cla sif ic tio

Fig re 8b) – Dark su pixel criteria f or clustered defe t cla sif ic tio

Figure 8 – Criteria f or cla sifying bright a d dark s bpix l defe ts

6.2.3 Refere c e ample f or l n defe ts

Line defects are evident as horizontal or vertical brig t or dark l nes exten in p rtial y or ful y

acros the image Fig re 9 de icts an image with several brig t an dark l ne defects

Fig re 9 – Bright a d dark l ne defe ts

6.2.4 Refere c e ample for mura def ects

Mura def ects comprise region of luminan e an colour non-u iformity that general y vary

more grad al y than s b ixel level def ects The visibi ty of s c def ects is stron ly de en ent

on the len th s ale of the defect as wel as the local p ak-to-p ak luminan e variation Su h

fe tures are visible for luminan e variation as low as 1 % to 2 % Typical y the minimum

width or heig t of s c f eatures is ∼0,5 mm to 2 mm

An example of a l ne mura is i u trated in Fig re 10 Non nif orm l nes ru acros the display

when an image of a u if orm white b c grou d is ren ered on the display

Figure 10 –Sample ima e of l ne mura

Non nif orm luminan e variation with l mited extent in b th width an heig t are clas ified as

sp t mura An example of a sp t mura is i u trated in Fig re 1 Line mura or sp t mura

defects that ex ibit a non nif ormity in colour as wel as luminan e are clas ified as colour

mura

Figure 1 – Ex mple of spot mura

6.3 Vis al inspe tion method a d criteria

6.3.1 Sta dard inspe tion conditions

6.3.1.1 Environme tal condition

Unles stated otherwise, the stan ard en ironmental con ition f or vis al in p ction wi b

u ed

6.3.1.2 Ambie t l ghting condition for vis al inspe tion

Unles stated otherwise, the stan ard ambient l g tin con ition f or vis al in p ction s al

b u ed An deviation fom these con ition s al b noted in the vis al in p ction rep rt

It is recog ized that sp cific ambient lg tin con ition may de en on the in p ction

purp se or inten ed a plcation u e for the OLED display p nels or mod les even thou h

s c con ition may not b o timal f or in p ctor comfort or sen itivity to defects An

deviation f rom the stan ard ro m l g tin con ition s al b noted in the vis al in p ction

re ort an s al in lu e me s rement of the i uminan e normal to the display s race,

average ambient i uminan e of the in p ctor work are (as des rib d in 5.2.2.1) an an

other detai s relevant to the a pl cation en ironment s c as the u e of a dark ro m

en ironment or direct i umination sources

Lig tin con ition s al b maintained d rin the in p ctor’s ses ion an f rom in p ctor to

in p ctor In p ctors s ould ada t to the l g tin con ition for a p riod of 10 min prior to

b gin in an in p ction ses ion

IE C

IE C

6.3.1.3 Vis al conditions

6.3.1.3.1 Viewing dire tion

Vis al in p ction s al b con u ted nominal y viewin the display at normal in iden e u les

otherwise stated

6.3.1.3.2 Viewing dista c

The distan e b twe n the OLED display p nel or mod le an the in p ctor’s eyes s al b

noted in the vis al in p ction re ort A vis al ac ity of 1,0 cor esp n s to an a i ty of the

in p ctor to resolve f eatures of 0,3 mrad (1 min te of arc) sp cin An o timal viewin

= 2 × L / 0,3 mrad, where L is the horizontal distan e b twe n

s b ixels For example, a 2,2-in h (5 mm) diagonal QVGA (3 0 pixels x 2 0 pixels) display

with ~5 µm s b ixel width is recommen ed to b viewed at 3 0 mm F r a 3 -in h (9 0 mm)

diagonal f ul HD display (1 9 0 pixels × 1 0 0 pixels) with 14 µm s b ixel width, the

recommen ed viewing distan e is 9 0 mm The minimum viewin distan e s al b 3 0 mm

6.3.1.4 Huma inspe tion

The in p ctor s al have normal colour vision an vis al ac ity (cor ected to) ≥ 1,0 in decimal

notation as determined by a q al fied eye care profes ional or phy ician u in method

con istent with those def i ed by the International Cou ci on Ophthalmolog [9] [10] For

colour vision, the Is ihara test is recommen ed an f or vis al ac ity the Snelen test or

L n olt C test is recommen ed

6.3.1.5 Ele tric l driving con ition

6.3.1.5.1 Driving condition of OLED displa pa els or module

The value of the drivin voltage s al b s p l ed in the sp cification of OLED display p nels

or mod les

6.3.1.5.2 Te t pat ern

The test p t ern to b u ed for vis al in p ction s al in lu e ful s re n p tern with 0 %,

10 % to 3 %, an 10 % grey level de en in on a pl cation req irements Test p t ern f or

sin le colour c an els or monoc rome display s al in lu e ful s re n p t ern of al colour

s b ixels or dots (e.g red, gre n, blue, or white) with 0 %, 10 % to 3 %, an 10 % grey

level f or e c resp ctive colour c an el de en in on a pl cation req irements The grey

level of the ful s re n p t ern s al b sp cif ied in the detai ed sp cif i ation

6.3.2 Sta dard inspe tion method

6.3.2.1 Setup the inspe tion e uipme t a d OLED displa pa els or module

The DUT wi b in tal ed on a fixture rotatin the horizontal an vertical viewin an le Turn

on the direct c r ent p wer s p ly an p tern generator Sup ly the drivin c r ent an

p tern to the OLED display p nel or mod le as sp cified for e c defect in p ction

The are s r ou din the display s bten in an an le of 7 ° f om the p sition of the in p ctor

s al b made of a l g t-a sorbin diff use material to control ambient l g t s at erin into the

vis al f ield of the in p ctor as s own in Fig re 12

Figure 12 – Setup condition f or vis al in pe tion of ele tro-o tic l vis al defe ts

6.3.2.2 In pe tion method for ele tro-o tic defe ts

A f ul s re n blac test p tern (0 % grey level, display in turned-on state) is a pl ed to

in p ct for brig t s b ixel defects

A f ul -s re n test p t ern of b twe n 10 % to 3 % grey level is a pl ed to in p ct f or mura

defects A grey level of 10 % s al b u ed u les otherwise sp cified in the detai ed

sp cification The luminan e level s al b recorded in the vis al in p ction re ort Observed

defects s al b comp red again t l mit samples

A test p t ern of f ul s re n white (10 % grey level) is a pl ed to in p ct f or dark s b ixel

defects

For colour display , an if sp cified in the detai ed sp cification, test p tern f or in ivid al

colour c an els may b a pl ed to in p ct for an clarify the nature of s b ixel an mura

defects

Observed def ects s al b recorded in the vis al in p ction re ort

6.3.2.3 In pe tion method f or me h nic l def ects

Side i umination of the display u in ed e l g tin (as s own in Fig re 12) with an average

i uminan e of > 5 0 lx over the display are , me s red normal to the display s rf ace over the

are of the display, is the pref er ed con ition for in p ction of mec anical def ects In p ction

of mec anical def ects s al b con u ted over a wide ran e of viewin direction Care s al

b taken to bloc direct viewin of the l g t source by the in p ctor

Two test p tern s al b a pled f or mec anical def ect in p ction: a ful s re n blac sig al

(0 % grey level) to detect visible defects in fims an co tin s whic s ater in ident l g t an

a ful s re n white sig al (10 % grey level) to detect mec anical defects that oc lu e a

p rtion of the display are For the ful s re n white p t ern, ed e l g tin s al b turned of f

The in p ctor s al record observation an clas if i ation of mec anical def ects in the vis al

in p ction re ort

6.3.2.4 In pe tor a d l mit s mple f or vis al in pe tion

The in p ctor s al b p riodical y trained by a q al f ied p rson with a doc ment of the

sp cified proced res an l mit samples f or vis al in p ction Limit samples s al b

maintained by a q alfied p rson to en ure ef fectivenes

6.3.2.5 In pe tion a d re ord of re ult

The in p ctor s al record the res lts of e c test in the vis al in p ction re ort

6.3.3 In pe tion criteria

6.3.3.1 Bright s bpix l defe ts

The maximum n mb r of e c brig t defect s al b sp cified in the sp cification

Partial s b ixel (an colour) Sp cif ied in the detai sp cif i ation

Sub ixel (an colour) Sp cif ied in the detai sp cification

Clu tered s b ixels Sp cif ied in the detai sp cif i ation

Total n mb r of brig t s b ixels Sp cified in the detai sp cif i ation

6.3.3.2 Dark s bpix l d fe ts

The maximum n mb r of e c dark def ect s al b sp cified in the sp cification

Partial s b ixel (any colour) Sp cified in the detai sp cif i ation

Sub ixel (an colour) Sp cified in the detai sp cif i ation

Clu tered s b ixels Sp cified in the detai sp cification

Total n mb r of dark s b ixels Sp cif ied in the detai sp cification

A lmit sample providin a variation in luminan e or colour of variou clas ification of mura

defects provides a referen e for ac e ta le mura def ects The l mit sample s al ex ibit the

same average luminan e as the DUT within ± 2 % Colour mura l mit samples s al ex ibit

the same c romaticity co rdinates averaged over the display are as the DUT within

∆u’v’< 0,0 6 as defined in CIE 15:2 0 Al the typ s of mura defects ex e din the l mit

sample s al b recorded in the vis al in p ction re ort

6.3.3.7 Me ha ic l defe ts

The s ratc , dent, foreig material, an bub le defect criteria are defined in Ta le 1 an

Fig re 13 The s mb ls a an b in icate the major an minor axes of the defect