Iec Ieee 60079-30-1-2015.Pdf

IEC/IEEE 60079 30 1 Edition 1 0 201 5 09 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Explosive atmospheres – Part 30 1 Electrical resistance trace heating – General and testing requirements IE C /I E E E 6 0 0 7 9 3 0 1 2[.]

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FOREWORD 5

INTRODUCTION 10 1 Sco e 1

2 Normative ref eren es 1

5 3 Terms an def i ition 16 4 General req irements 2

4.1 General 2

4.2 Mec anical stren th 2

4.3 Termination an con ection 2

4.4 Circ it protection req irements f or bran h circ its 2

4.5 Temp rature req irements 2

4.5.1 General 2

4.5.2 Sta i zed desig 2

4.5.3 Control ed desig 2

5 Testin 2

5.1 Typ tests 2

5.1.1 General 2

5.1.2 Dielectric test 2

5.1.3 Electrical in ulation resistan e test 2

5.1.4 Flamma i ty test 2

5.1.5 Imp ct tests 2

5.1.6 Def ormation test 3

5.1.7 Cold b n test 3

5.1.8 Water resistan e test 3

5.1.9 Integral comp nents resistan e to water test 3

5.1.10 Verif i ation of rated output 3

5.1.11 Thermal sta i ty of electrical in ulatin material 3

5.1.12 Thermal p rf orman e test 3

5.1.13 Determination of maximum s e th temp rature 3

5.1.14 Verif i ation of start-up c r ent 4

5.1.15 Verif i ation of the electrical resistan e of electrical y con u tive coverin 4

5.1.16 Outdo r exp s re test 4

5.2 Routine tests 4

5.2.1 Dielectric test 4

5.2.2 Verif i ation of rated output 4

6 Markin 4

6.1 Prod ct markin s for trace he ters 4

6.2 Markin s for f ield as embled comp nents 4

7 Doc mentation req irements 4

7.1 General 4

7.2 Circ it desig doc mentation 4

7.3 Trace he tin s stem doc mentation 4

7.3.1 General 4

7.3.2 F r trace he tin s stems ac ordin to the prod ct clas ification

method 4

7.3.3 F r trace he tin s stems ac ordin to sta i zed desig method 4

7.3.4 F r trace he tin s stems ac ordin to control ed desig method 4

7.4 In tru tion for in tal ation of trace he tin s stem 5

7.5 In tru tion for commis ionin 5

7.6 In tru tion for maintenan e / re air or modification 5

An ex A (informative) Typ test matrix for EPLs Gb/Gc/Db/Dc (Refer to IEC 6 0 9-14 f or the relation hip of EPLs to Zones) 5

An ex B (informative) Chec l st f or in tal ation 5

An ex C (normative) Trace he ter prod ct desig verification methodolog 5

C.1 General 5

C.2 Desig methodolog an selection of trace he ters 5

C.3 Sta i zed desig calc lation 5

C.4 Trace he ter p r orman e an eq i brium con ition 5

C.5 He t los calc lation 5

C.6 He t los desig safety factor 5

C.7 Maximum temp rature determination 5

C.7.1 The retical pip an s e th temp rature calc lation – Metal c a pl cation 5

C.7.2 The retical ves el an s e th temp rature calc lation – Metal c a pl cation 5

C.7.3 She th temp rature – metal c a pl cation uti zin a temp rature lmiter control sen in the trace he ter s e th or an artif i ial hot sp t 6

C.7.4 The retical s e th temp rature calc lation – Non-metal c a pl cation 6

C.7.5 She th temp rature – non-metal c a pl cation uti zin a temp rature lmiter control sen in the trace he ter s e th or an artif i ial hot sp t 6

An ex D (normative) Req irements for Division 1 an Division 2 trace he tin s stems 6

D.1 Ap l cation 6

D.2 General 6

D.3 Termination an con ection 6

D.4 Control an temp rature req irements 6

D.4.1 General 6

D.4.2 Sta i zed desig 6

D.4.3 Control ed desig 6

D.4.4 Req irements f or protective device in Division 1 an 2 6

D.5 Typ tests 6

D.5.1 Division 1 trace he tin eq ipment 6

D.5.2 Division 2 eq ipment 6

D.6 Markin 6

D.7 In tru tion – In talation req irements 6

An ex E (normative) Typ test matrix for Division 1 an 2 explosive atmospheres 6

Biblogra h 6

Fig re 1 – Flamma i ty test 2

Fig re 2 – Example of o m temp rature imp ct test 3

Fig re 3 – Example of minimum temp rature imp ct test 31

Fig re 5 – Integral comp nents resistan e to water test 3

Fig re 6 – Verif i ation of rated output 3

Fig re 7 – Maximum s e th temp rature u in prod ct clas ification a pro c 3

Fig re 8 – Verif i ation of s e th temp ratures u in pip s ulpture 41

Fig re 9 – Verif i ation of s e th temp rature, plate test 4

Fig re 10 – Verification of s e th temp rature – plate test with serp ntined sample 4

Fig re 1 – Plate test with two samples cros ed over 4

Fig re 12 – Plate test with a sin le sample cros ed over 4

Fig re C.1 – Eq i brium con ition for workpiece maintenan e 5

Fig re C.2 – Eq i brium con ition for up er lmit evaluation 5

Ta le 1 – Ap l cation or ex lu ion of sp cif i clau es of IEC 6 0 9-0 1

Ta le 2 – She th temp rature desig con ition b sed on eq ipment protection levels – Sta i zed desig a pro c 2

Ta le 3 – She th temp rature desig con ition b sed on eq ipment protection levels EPLs – Control ed desig a pro c 2

Ta le 4 – Test voltages for the dielectric test 2

Ta le A.1 – Determination of test samples 5

Ta le B.1 – Trace he ter in tal ation record – Example 5

Ta le D.1 – Division trace he tin s stems 6

Ta le D.2 – She th temp rature desig con ition – Sta i zed desig a pro c 6

Ta le D.3 – She th temp rature desig con ition – With temp rature control device 6

Ta le E.1 – Ap lca le trace he ter an trace he ter p d an p nels tests by in tal ation location 6

Ta le E.2 – Ap lca le tests for integral comp nents with trace he ters an trace he ter p d an p nels 6

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

EXPLOSIVE A TMOSPHERES –

Part 30-1: Electrical resistance trace heating –

General and testing requirements

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International Stan ard IEC/IEEE 6 0 9-3 -1 has b en pre ared by IEC tec nical commite

31: Eq ipment for explosive atmospheres, in co p ration with the Petroleum & Chemical

In u try Commite of the IEEE In u trial Ap l cation Society u der the IEC/IEEE Dual L go

Agre ment

This publ cation is publ s ed as an IEC/IEEE Dual L go stan ard

NOT A lst of IE E p rticip nts c n b fo n at th folowin URL:

htp:/sta d rd e e.org/d wnlo d /6 0 9/6 0 9-3 - -2 15/6 0 9-3 - -2 15_wg-p rticip nts.p f

This first edition of IEC/IEEE 6 0 9-3 -1 can els an re laces the first edition of IEC 6 0

9-3 -1 publ s ed in 2 0 an con titutes a tec nical revision

This edition in lu es the f ol owin sig ificant c an es, a art f om the general revision an

updatin of the f irst edition of IEC 6 0 9-3 -1 an harmonization with IEEE Std 515, with

resp ct to the previou edition:

• the in lu ion of a minimum temp rature imp ct test;

• the ad ition of a mec anical proced re in the thermal sta i ty test;

• the in lu ion of a thermal p rf orman e test to re lace the thermal safety req irements;

• the in lu ion of a secon proced re uti zin a plate f i ture for s e th temp rature

determination;

• the in lu ion of an ultraviolet an con en ation test;

• the revision an sig ificant exp n ion of doc mentation req irements;

• the ad ition of An exes coverin req irements f or Division 1 an 2;

• the ad ition of a ta le coverin the a pl ca i ty of req irements f om IEC 6 0 9-0;

• the ad ition of an An ex coverin trace he ter prod ct desig verification methodolog

(formerly located in IEC 6 0 9-3 -2);

• the further harmonization of this edition with several national stan ard

For sta i z d d sig s, a clarif i atio f or th n e for

v rif i atio b te tin a d th a ditio of a ta le for

th s e if i re uireme ts

For c ntrole d sig s, a clarif i atio for th n e for

v rif i atio b te tin a d th a ditio of a ta le for

Th re uireme ts for c lbratio of th flamma i ty

te t f i ture are re la e with e uiv le t re uireme ts

for th e erg le els of th te t g s s

Th re la eme t of th th rmal s fety pro e ure with

a th rmal p rf orma c pro e ure

Th a ditio of a s c n pro e ure uti zin a plate

fixture f or th s stems meth d for ma imum s e th

temp rature d termin tio

Re uireme t c a g d for th markin of th minimum

in talatio temp rature

Ad itio of An e s e if yin tra e h atin d sig

v rif i atio meth d lo y, mo e fom IEC 6 0 9-3 -2

Ad itio of An e for th Divisio meth d of are

cla sif i atio th t ma b a ple b s me u ers

Ad itio of An e for th Divisio meth d of are

cla sif i atio th t ma b a ple b s me u ers

NOT Th te h ic l c a g s ref ere to in lu e th sig ific n e of te h ic l c a g s in th re is d IEC

Sta d rd, b t th y d n t f orm a e h u tiv lst of al mo ific tio s f rom th pre io s v rsio

editorial cor ection

These are c an es whic modify req irements in an editorial or a minor tec nical way They

in lu e c an es of the wordin to clarify tec nical req irements without an tec nical c an e,

or a red ction in level of existin req irement

Exte sion ad ition of tec nical o tion

These are c an es whic ad new or modify existin tec nical req irements, in a way that

new o tion are given, but without in re sin req irements for eq ipment that was f ul y

compl ant with the previou stan ard Therefore, these wi not have to b con idered f or

prod cts in conformity with the precedin edition

Major te hnic l c a ge

ad ition of tec nical req irements

in re se of tec nical req irements

These are c an es to tec nical req irements (ad ition, in re se of the level or removal)

made in a way that a prod ct in conformity with the precedin edition wi not alway b a le

to fulf il the req irements given in the later edition These c an es have to b con idered f or

prod cts in conf ormity with the precedin edition For these c an es ad itional inf ormation is

provided in clau e B) b low

NOT Th s c a g s re re e t c re t te h olo ic l k owle g Howe er, th s c a g s s o ld n t n rmaly

h v a influ n e o e uipme t alre d pla e o th mark t

B) Inf ormation about the ba k round of ‘Major Te hnic l Cha ge ’

C1 – The req irements f or ad itional mec anical testin have b en in lu ed for

harmonization an for ad ed safety

C2 – The req irements f or thermal p r orman e have b en in lu ed to recog ize the

neces ity for thermal sta i ty of prod cts in explosive atmospheres

C3 – A secon proced re uti zin a plate fixture has b en in lu ed for s eath temp rature

determination, whic may b u ed in l eu of the s e th temp rature verif i ation p rt of

5.1.13.4.2

C4 – An outdo r exp s re test has b en ad ed to cover prod cts that may b exp sed to

s nl g t an moisture in the inten ed a pl cation

C5 – Ad itional markin an doc mentation req irements have b en ad ed to provide

ad itional information to the en u er

C6 – The trace he tin desig verif i ation methodolog has b en ad ed to al g with the

evaluation req irements f or the sta i zed desig an the control ed desig method of

maximum s e th temp rature determination

The text of this stan ard is based on the f ol owin IEC doc ments:

Ful inf ormation on the votin f or the a proval of this stan ard can b foun in the re ort on

votin in icated in the a ove ta le

International stan ard are drafted in ac ordan e with the rules given in the ISO/IEC

Directives, Part 2

This stan ard is inten ed to b u ed in conju ction with IEC/IEEE 6 0 9-3 -2:2 15,

Ex l osive at mosp eres – Part 3 -2: El ectric l resista c tra e h atin – Ap l i at ion g id e for

design, install at ion a d mainten n e

A l st of al p rts of IEC 6 0 9 series, u der the general title Explosiv atmosp eres, can b

f ou d on the IEC we site

The IEC Tec nical Commite an IEEE Tec nical Commit e have decided that the contents

of this publ cation wi remain u c an ed u ti the sta i ty date in icated on the IEC we site

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A bi n ual version of this publcation may b is ued at a later date

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colour printer

IEC/IEEE 6 0 9-3 -1 is inten ed to provide a comprehen ive overview of the es ential

req irements an testin a pro riate to electric s rf ace he tin eq ipment u ed in explosive

atmospheres The req irements of this p rt of IEC 6 0 9 are con idered to b the minimum

req irements for eq ipment protection levels Gb, Gc, Db, an Dc in explosive atmospheres

f or gases, d sts, an fibres/flyin s Whi e some of this work alre d exists in national

stan ard or international stan ard , this stan ard has col ated mu h of this existin work an

con idera ly ad ed to it This stan ard also contain the minimum req irements f or u ers

a plyin the Division method of are clas ification

EXPLOSIVE A TMOSPHERES –

Part 30-1: Electrical resistance trace heating –

General and testing requirements

This part of IEC 6 0 9 sp cifies general an testin req irements for electrical resistan e

trace he ters f or a plcation in explosive atmospheres with the ex lu ion of those f or EPL Ga

an Da This stan ard covers trace he ters that comprise either f actory or field (work-site)

as embled u its, an whic may b series trace he ters, p ral el trace he ters, trace he ter

p d , or trace he ter p nels that have b en as embled an /or terminated in ac ordan e with

the man facturer’s in tru tion

This stan ard also in lu es req irements for termination as embl es an control method

u ed with trace he tin s stems The explosive atmospheres ref er ed to in this stan ard are

those defined in IEC 6 0 9-10-1 an IEC 6 0 9-10-2

An exes D an E outl ne the a pl cation of this stan ard f or those u ers a plyin the Division

method of are clas if i ation

This stan ard s p lements an modifies the general req irements of IEC 6 07 -0, ex e t as

in icated in Ta le 1 Where a req irement of this stan ard con icts with a req irement of

IEC 6 0 9-0, the req irement of this stan ard takes preceden e

Table 1 – Appl c tion or e clusion of spe ific cla s s of IEC 6 0 9-0

IEC6 0 9-0

Ele tric l re istanc tra e he tersan

integral comp nents

(inf ormative)

Claus / S bclaus title

5.1.1 Ambie t temp rature Re la e b 6.1e) Re la e b 6.1e) Ap le , s e 3.1

5.1.2 Extern l s urc of h atin or

c oln

IEC6 0 9-0

Ele tric l re istanc tra e he tersan

integral comp nents

(inf ormative)

Claus / S bclaus title

7.1.2.2 Sp cif i atio of materials,

pla tic materials

IEC6 0 9-0

Ele tric l re istanc tra e he tersan

integral comp nents

(inf ormative)

Claus / S bclaus title

(n rmative)

Gro p I an Gro p I Gro p I

of this sta d rd te ts of this sta d rd

IEC6 0 9-0

Ele tric l re istanc tra e he tersan

integral comp nents

(inf ormative)

Claus / S bclaus title

IEC6 0 9-0

Ele tric l re istanc tra e he tersan

integral comp nents

(inf ormative)

Claus / S bclaus title

An e F Guid ln flowc art for te ts of

n n-metal c e clo ure or

n n-metal c p rts of

e clo ure (2 4)

NOT 1 Cla s n mb rs in th thre rig t-h n c lumn of this ta le refer to IEC/IE E 6 0 9-3

-NOT 2 Th cla s n mb r in th a o e ta le is s own f or informatio o ly Th a plc ble re uireme ts of

IEC 6 0 9-0 are id ntif i d b th cla s title whic is n rmativ

Ap le : this re uireme t of IEC 6 0 9-0 is a ple with ut c a g

Ex lu e : this re uireme t of IEC 6 0 9-0 d e n t a ply

Mo ifie : this re uireme t of IEC 6 0 9-0 is mo ifie a d taie in this sta d rd

The f ol owin doc ments, in whole or in p rt, are normatively referen ed in this doc ment an

are in isp n a le f or its a pl cation For dated ref eren es, only the edition cited a ples For

u dated referen es, the latest edition of the referen ed doc ment (in lu in any

amen ments) a pl es

IEC 6 0 0-151:2 01, I nt ernation l El ectrotec nic l Vo a ulary – Part 151: Electric l a d

ma n tic d evic s

IEC 6 0 0-4 6:2 0 , Int ern tion l Ele trot ec nic l Vo a ulary – Part 4 6: Equipme t for

expl osiv at mosp eres

IEC 6 0 9-0:2 11, Ex pl osive atmosp eres – Part 0: Eq ipme t – Ge eral re uireme ts

IEC 6 6 5-1 -3, Fire h z rd testin – Part 1 -3: Test flames – 50 W flames – Ap aratus a d

c nfirmatio al test met hods

ISO 4 8 , Pl astics – Determinatio of c a g s in c lour a d variations in pro ert ies after

exposure to d ay g t u d er glas , n tural we t hering or lab ratory light so rc s

ISO 4 9 -1, Pl ast ics – Met hods of e p sure to la oratory l i ht so rc s – Part 1: Ge eral

g id an e

ISO 4 9 -2, Pl astics – Met hods ofex posure to l ab ratory light so rc s – Part 2: Xe o -arc

lamps

ASTM D5 2 , Standard sp cific t io for la oratory b rn r used for smal-sc le b rning tests

o plastic materials

ASTM G15 , Stand ard pra tic for o erat ing xen n arc li ht a p ratus for e p sure ofn

n-metal l ic materials

For the purp ses of this doc ment, the terms an definition given in IEC 6 0 9-0,

ma imum ambie t temperature

hig est sp cified ambient temp rature

3.1.2

minimum ambie t temperature

<trace he tin >

lowest ambient temp rature sp cified at whic trace heatin is o era le an p r orms

ac ordin to sp cified req irements (an on whic he t-los calc lation are b sed)

desig where the set p int of the ap l ca le temp rature controler or hig -l mit device is u ed

in esta l s in the maximum s e th temp rature

3.5

de d le

<trace he tin >

segment of proces pipin segregated fom the normal flow p tern for the purp se of

providin a he t los ref eren e

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -0 ]

3.6

de ign loa ing

minimum p wer that me ts the desig req irements, in the sp cif ied ad erse con ition

(minimum ambient an maximum win velocity), after voltage an resistan e toleran es an

a pro riate safety factors have b en con idered

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -0 ]

3.7

ele tric l y conductiv cov ring

metal c s e th, metal c braid or other con u tive material

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -1 ]

3.1

he t sin

p rt that con u ts an dis ip tes he t away f rom a workpiece

Note 1 to e try: Ty ic l h at sin s are pip s o s, pip s p orts a d items of larg ma s s c a v lv a tu tors

or p mp b die

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -12]

3.12

he t tra sf er aids

thermal y con u tive materials, s c as metal c foi s or he t tran fer comp u d u ed to

in re se the he t tran fer ef ficien y f rom trace he ters to the workpiece

comp nents s c as he t s rin termination , cold le d con ection , moulded en se ls, or

spl ces, whic may conform to the general s a e of the trace he ter an are exp sed to the

same en ironments (s c as u der the thermal in ulation) as the trace he ter, that are not

inten ed to b re-u ed in the event of a rep ir or modification, whic may b factory

f abricated or f ield as embled

3.15

ma imum continuous e pos re temperature (tra e he ter de-e ergize )

hig est al owa le contin ou temp rature to whic the trace he tin s stem may b exp sed

as declared by the man facturer

3.16

ma imum maintain temperature / ma imum continuous o eratin temperature (tra e

he ter e ergize )

sp cified maximum workpiece temp rature the trace he ter o erates at contin ou ly as

declared by the man facturer

3.17

ma imum intermit e t e pos re temperature (tra e he ter e ergize or d -e ergize )

hig est al owa le intermitent temp rature to whic a trace he ter may b exp sed, as

declared by the man facturer

3.18

maintain temperature

sp cified temp rature of a workpiece or proces that the trace he ters s al b a le to

ma imum withsta d temperature

maximum o eratin or exp s re temp rature that wi not ad ersely aff ect the thermal sta i ty

of the trace he ter an its comp nent p rts

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -18]

3.21

minimum instal ation temperature

minimum temp rature at whic the trace he tin s stem may b han led an in tal ed

paral el tra e h ater(s)

he tin elements that are electrical y con ected in p ralel, either contin ou ly or in zones, so

that the wat den ity per l ne l len th is maintained, ir esp ctive of an c an e in len th f or

the contin ou typ or for an n mb r of dis rete zones

total p wer or p wer p r u it len th or u it s rf ace are of a trace he ter, at rated voltage,

temp rature an len th or are

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -2 , modified (removal of "whic is normal y

expres ed in wat s, wats p r metre or wat s p r s uare metre")]

3.2

rate volta e

<trace he tin >

voltage as ig ed by the man facturer to whic o eratin an p r orman e c aracteristic of

trace he ters are refer ed

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -2 , modif ied (ad ition of "as ig ed by the

man facturer )]

3.3

s rie tra e he ter(s)

he tin elements electrical y con ected in series with a sin le c r ent p th an with a sp cific

resistan e at a given temp rature f or a given len th

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -2 ]

3.31

<trace he tin >

u iform an contin ou metal c or non-metal c outer coverin en losin the trace he ter

u ed to provide protection again t influen e f om the s r ou din s (cor osion, moisture etc.)

temp rature of the outermost contin ou coverin that may b exp sed to the s r ou din

atmosphere

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -2 ]

3.3

stabi ize de ign

desig where the temp rature of the trace he ter, by desig an u e, sta i zes b low the

hig lmit temp rature, u der the most u favoura le con ition , without the ne d f or a

protective s stem to l mit the temp rature

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -2 ]

3.3

start up c r e t

c r ent resp n e of a trace he ter f ol owin energization

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -3 , modif ied ("immediately up n energizin "

re laced by "f olowin energization")]

3.3

s stem doc me tation

<trace he tin >

inf ormation pre ared by the man f acturer to alow satisfactory u derstan in , in tal ation an

safe u e of the trace he tin s stem

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -31]

3.3

temperature control de ic

device that serves to maintain the temp rature within a sp cif ied temp rature ran e

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -3 ]

temperature control er

device or combination of devices in orp ratin a me n of sen in temp rature an of

control n the p wer to the trace he ter

material havin air or gas-i ed p c ets, void , or he t ref lectin s races that, when pro erly

a pl ed, retard the tran fer of he t

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -3 ]

3.41

tra e h ater

device desig ed for the purp se of prod cin he t on the prin iple of electrical resistan e an

typical y comp sed of one or more metal c con u tors an /or an electrical y con u tive

material, s ita ly electrical y in ulated an protected

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -3 ]

3.4

tra e h ater pa

trace he ter comprisin series or p ral el con ected elements havin s f ficient flexibi ty to

conform to the s a e of the s rf ace to b he ted

3.4

tra e h ater pa el

non-f lexible trace he ter comprisin series or p ralel con ected elements f abricated to

conform to the general s a e of the s rf ace to b he ted

3.4

tra e h ater unit

(tra e he ter s t)

series trace he ter, p ral el trace he ter, trace he ter p d or trace he ter p nel s ita ly

terminated in conf ormity with the man facturer’s in tru tion

3.4

tra e h atin

uti zation of electric trace he ters, trace he ter p d , trace he ter p nels an s p ort

comp nents, u ed to maintain or to raise the temp rature of contents in pipin , tan s an

as ociated eq ipment

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -3 , modified (removal of "external y a pl ed")]

tra e h atin s stem

uti zation of trace he tin in ludin al neces ary desig and in tal ation doc mentation

material that, when in taled on the outer s rf ace of thermal in ulation, protects the thermal

in ulation f om water or other lq id , f rom ph sical damage cau ed by ice p lets, win or

mec anical a u e an fom deterioration cau ed by solar radiation or atmospheric

contamination

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -4 , modified (re lacement of sle t" by "ice p l ets")]

3.4

workpie e

<trace he tin >

o ject to whic a trace he ter is a pl ed

Note 1 to e try: Ex mple in lu e pro e s e uipme t s c a pipin , v s els, ta k , v lv s, in trume ts a d

simiar e uipme t

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -4 6:2 0 , 4 6-2 -41, modified (ad ition of Note 1 to entry)]

The req irements of this stan ard con rm that electrical resistan e trace he ting within the

s o e of this stan ard has b en desig ed an con tru ted so as to val date electrical, thermal

an mec anical d ra i ty an rel a le p r orman e

Electrical resistan e trace he ters an integral comp nents s al comply with or b ex lu ed

f rom the req irements of IEC 6 0 9-0, as lsted in Ta le 1

Trace he ters s al b provided with an evenly-distributed electrical y con u tive coverin

that s al cover at le st 7 % of the s rf ace Trace he ter p d an p nels s al b

con tru ted s c that the electrical y con u tive coverin s al be o p site the s race to b

he ted The electrical y con u tive coverin s al either b s ita le for u e in the p rtic lar

atmosphere(s) or have a s ita le non-metal c overjac et over the coverin The man f acturer

s al declare the maximum with tand temp rature in degre s Celsiu The materials u ed in

the trace he ter an integral comp nents s al with tan a temp rature of no les than the

man f acturer's declared maximum with tan temp rature + 0 K, when tested in ac ordan e

with 5.1.1 The man facturer s al provide doc mentation of the sp cification of non-metal c

materials on whic the mec anical stren th an the electrical in ulation de en (b twe n the

he ter an other con u tive p rts) whic s al in lu e identif i ation of the material typ

4.2 Me ha ic l stre gth

The mec anical stren th of trace he ters s al b determined by the tests in 5.1.5, 5.1.6,

5.1.7 an 5.1.1

Trace heaters whic are identified f or u e only in are s with a low ris of mec anical damage

are s bjected to a red ced energ in the imp ct tests in 5.1.5 an a red ced f orce in the

deformation test in 5.1.6, an s al b cle rly marked as sp cified in 7.4 e)

Trace he ters may b s p l ed with ad itional mec anical protection to me t the

req irements of this stan ard if they are s p l ed as an integral as embly (prefa ricated), an

contain the folowin statement in the in tru tion : “This mec anical coverin s al not b

removed an the trace he ters s al not b o erated without the mec anical coverin b in in

place” In this case the tests in 5.1.5 an 5.1.6 s al b p rf ormed with the ad itional

mec anical protection in tal ed on the trace he ter

4.3 Terminations a d conne tions

Termination an con ection may b identif ied as an integral p rt of a trace he ter, or may

b identified se arately, as Ex eq ipment or as Ex comp nents in ac ordan e with

IEC 6 0 9-0 Integral termination an con ection are tested as p rt of a re resentative

trace he ter u it; se 5.1.1

Electrical con ectors s p l ed with integral comp nents s al b certif ied f or the c r en

t-car yin ca acity of the trace he tin con u tors declared by the man f acturer an s al me t

the other pres rib d testin in this stan ard

Electrical resistan e trace he ter termination identified as se arate comp nents s al comply

with the req irements of one or more of the typ s of protection lsted in IEC 6 0 9-0 s ita le

f or the a plcation, whic may b s p lemented an modif ied by the req irements of this

stan ard Se also Ta le 1

4.4 Circ it prote tion re uireme ts for bra c circ its

The minimum req irements f or trace he tin s stems for u e in explosive atmospheres are as

f ol ows:

a) a me n of isolatin al l ne con u tors fom the s p ly;

b) over c r ent protection provided for e c bran h circ it;

c) a me n of protectin again t e rth faults by dis on ectin al l ne con u tors

1) For TT an TN s stems, e c trace he ter or trace he ter bran h circ it, the electrical

protection s al b ca a le of inter uptin hig imp dan e e rth faults as wel as s

ort-circuit faults This s al b ac ompls ed by an e rth-ault protective device, or a

control er with e rth-f ault inter uption ca a i ty f or u e in conju ction with s ita le

circ it protection The prefer ed trip level is nominal 3 mA or 3 mA a ove any

in erent ca acitive le kage c aracteristic of the he ter as sp cif ied by the trace he ter

s p l er

2) For IT s stems, an electrical in ulation monitorin device s al b in tal ed to

dis on ect the s pply whenever the electrical resistan e is not gre ter than 5 Ω/V of

rated voltage

Ex e tion: Where con ition of maintenan e an s p rvision en ure that only q al f ied

p rson service the in taled s stems, an contin ed circ it o eration is neces ary for the

saf e o eration of the eq ipment or proces es, e rth- ault detection without inter uption is

ac e ta le if alarmed in a man er to as ure an ac nowled ed resp n e

The req irements of a), b), an c) may b p rormed by one device

NOT 1 Th a plc tio of th a o e e c ptio is inte d d to b at th dis retio of th e d u er

NOT 2 This inf ormatio is s e ifie to b pro id d with th pro u t d c me tatio a in ic te in Cla s 7

4.5 Temperature re uireme ts

A trace he tin s stem s al b desig ed so that the s e th temp rature of the trace he ters

is l mited to the temp rature clas or ig ition temp rature, min s 5 K for temp ratures les

than or eq al to 2 0 °C or min s 10 K for temp ratures gre ter than 2 0 °C The maximum

s e th temp rature of the trace he ter s al also b les than the maximum with tan

temp rature

Maximum s eath temp ratures of trace heaters s al b determined for the pro er a plcation

of the he ter The s e th temp rature is de en ent on the he ter p wer output den ity,

overal he t tran fer co ff i ient, an the temp rature of the s rf ace b ing he ted

This s al b ac ieved either by:

1) determinin the trace he ter's maximum s e th temp rature ac ordin to the prod ct

clas ification method in ac ordan e with 5.1.13.3;

2) a sta i zed desig in ac ordan e with 4.5.2; or

3) a controled desig in ac ordan e with 4.5.3

For 2) an 3) a ove, when multiple trace he ters (esp cial y on pip s with dif ferent f low

con ition ) are group d together u der a sin le temp rature control device, e c desig

con ition s al b analy ed

Req irements f or eq ipment f or u e in faci ties u in the Division method of are

clas ification are given in An ex D

The maximum s e th temp rature o tained by sta i zed desig is b sed on the energ

b lan e of he t los an he t prod ction of a s stem The energ b lan e is determined by

calc lation b sed on s stem p rameters

The desig calc lation , s stem p rameters an method for sta i zed desig s al b

demon trated to the certification b dy by the man facturer by comp rison to the test res lts

f rom 5.1.13.2 Ta le 2 gives the desig con ition f or variou eq ipment protection levels f or

the sta i zed desig a pro c

Desig con ition of no-win , the maximum ambient temp rature an the s stem he t

tran fer co ff i ient s al b u ed to calc late the maximum workpiece temp rature an

maximum s e th temp rature Guidan e for the desig calc lation is provided in An ex C

Table 2 – Sh ath temperature de ign conditions ba e on e uipme t

prote tion le els – Stabi ize de ign ap roa h

Ma imum work ie e temp rature for c lc latio

-a

a

ma imum s e thtemp rature- s e An e C

4.5.3 Control e d sign

The maximum s e th temp rature o tained throu h controled desig is b sed on energ

l mitation by temp rature control ers or l mitin devices These protective temp rature lmitin

devices are to b set to a temp rature no gre ter than the maximum alowa le s e th

temp rature cor esp n in to the temp rature clas red ced by;

(1) the predicted temp rature dif feren e b twe n the temp rature lmiter's set p int an the

maximum s e th temp rature of the trace he ter, an by

(2) the amou t sp cified in 4.5.1.

There are thre control ed desig method f or l mitin the maximum s e th temp rature

These are only s ita le f or situation where the workpiece is not s bjected to ad itional

sources of he t

a) By l mitin the maximum workpiece temp rature The temp rature control sen or an /or

the temp rature l miter sen or is in tal ed directly on the workpiece

b) By u in a hig temp rature lmiter with the sen or at ac ed to the trace he ter whic is

in tal ed on the workpiece Eac a pl cation req ires cor elation f or the sp cific trace

heater, p wer output level, an the l miter/sen or c aracteristic

c) By cre ting an artificial hot sp t where a hig temp rature l miter sen or is atac ed to the

trace he ter whic is located on a thermal in ulation sp cer on the workpiece Eac

a pl cation req ires cor elation for the sp cific trace he ter, p wer output level,

l miter/sen or c aracteristic , an in ulation sp cer

The man facturer predicts the off set (∆T

off set) b twe n the trace he tin s eath temp rature

an the temp rature control device’s set p int F r desig con ition se Ta le 3 The

man facturer s al s p ort the calc lation method for s e th temp rature by comp rin the

predicted res lts to test res lts fom 5.1.13.2

NOT For c lc latio of ∆T

ofset (= T

s– T

L) ref er to An e C ∆T

ofset

is th empiric ly d termin d temp rature

diff ere c b twe n th s n or a d th a tu l ma imum tra er s e th temp rature ∆T

ofset

is a f un tio of

v ria le s c a g ometry a d ma s of tra e h ater a d s n or, p wer o tp t of th tra e h ater, h at tra sf er

c eff i ie t, a d c ntrol s stem h stere is

Table 3 – She th temperature de ign conditions ba e on e uipme t

prote tion le els EPLs – Control e de ign ap roa h

Ma imum work ie e temp rature for c lc latio

Us th s t p int of th temp rature c ntroler a c rdin to 4.5.3.3

4.5.3.2 Re uireme ts for temperature control de ic s f or EPLs Gb a d Db

A temp rature l miter or simiar control device s al de-energize the s stem to prevent

ex e din the maximum p rmis ible s e th temp rature An device u ed f or temp rature

control s al satisfy req irements f or EPLs Gb and/or Db

Ad itional y a hig temp rature l mit fu ction s al:

1) o erate in e en ently f rom the temp rature controler;

2) de-energize the trace heater when the set p int of the hig temp rature lmiter is re c ed;

3) an u ciate when the hig temp rature l mit f un tion is activated;

4) have a hig l mit fu ction that req ires ac nowled ement to b reset;

5) mec anical y or electronical y loc the hig l mit set p int of the device to prevent

u authorized ac es ;

6) have a safety fu ction that de-energizes the circ it if the temp rature sen or malfu ction ;

7) b p s ible to re-set only after the normal o eratin con ition have b en returned, or if

the switc in state is monitored contin ou ly;

8) b evaluated to a minimum of 10 ,0 0 c cles of en uran e when multiple devices are

u ed for control n an l mitin

4.5.3.3 Re uireme ts for temperature control de ic s for EPLs Gc a d Dc

A sin le temp rature control er may b sp cif ied provided that it in orp rates an un iation of

f ai ure con ition an has b en evaluated for a minimum of 2 0 0 0 c cles of o eration

Alternatively, temp rature control devices ac ordin to 4.5.3.2 may b sp cified

If a sin le temp rature control er with f ai ure an u ciation is sp cified, provision of adeq ate

monitorin of s c an an u ciation, s c as 2 h s rvei an e, s al b made

5.1 Type te ts

5.1.1 Ge eral

The provision of IEC 6 0 9-0 as sp cified in Ta le 1 a ply with the f ol owin ad ition

Samples of trace he ters at le st 3 m in len th, u les otherwise sp cified, s al b selected

f or testin Tests s al b con u ted at a temp rature b twe n 10 °C an 4 °C u les

otherwise stated Integral comp nents s al b s bjected to the same tests as the trace

he ter, ex e t where otherwise noted The test samples ne ded for the typ tests are

s mmarized in An ex A

NOT As s e ifie in IEC 6 0 9-0, d e to th s fety fa tors in orp rate in th ty e of prote tio , th

u c rtainty of me s reme t in ere t in g o q alty, re ularly c lbrate me s reme t e uipme t is c n id re to

h v n sig if i a t d trime tal ef fe t a d n e n t b ta e into a c u t wh n ma in th me s reme ts

n c s ary to v rify c mpla c to this sta d rd

5.1.2 Diele tric te t

The dielectric test s al b p rormed on trace he ters in ac ordan e with Ta le 4 on test

sample(s) pre ared as des rib d in 5.1.1

Table 4 – Te t volta e f or the diele tric te t

The test voltage, where U is the rated voltage, s al b a pl ed b twe n the con u tors an

the electrical y con u tive coverin at a rate of rise of neither les than 10 V/s nor more than

2 0 V/s an maintained for (6

−0

+5

s without dielectric bre k own The test voltage waveform

s al b es ential y sin soidal, with a feq en y of 4 Hz to 6 Hz Alternatively the dielectric

test may b con u ted by s bmergin the trace he ter in ta water at ro m temp rature

(resistivity typical y 5 0 Ω·m) The grou d braid or s e th s al b b n ed to the water an

the voltage s al b a pl ed b twe n the con u tors an the water

When determinin U, the cor ect u e of Phase to Phase or Phase to Neutral voltage levels

s al b con idered

For typ tests 5.1.5, 5.1.6, 5.1.7, 5.1.8, 5.1.9, 5.1.1 , an the routine test in 5.2.1, for MI trace

3 V a.c or to

2

U + 5 0 V d.c f or trace he ters rated over 6 V d.c d e to the dielectric

c aracteristic of the MI trace he ter con tru tion an electrical in ulation materials

5.1.3 Ele tric l ins lation re ista c te t

The electrical in ulation resistan e test s al b con u ted after the dielectric test sp cified in

5.1.2 on the same test sample(s) The resistan e of the electrical in ulation s al b

me s red b twe n con u tors an the electrical y con u tive coverin , by me n of a d.c

source voltage (nominal) of 5 0 V The me s red value s al b not les than 5 MΩ

Alternatively the in ulation resistan e test may b con u ted by s bmergin the trace he ter

in ta water at ro m temp rature (resistivity typical y 5 0 Ω·m) The grou d braid or s e th

s al b b n ed to the water an the voltage s al b a pl ed b twe n the con u tors an the

water

5.1.4 Flammabi ity te t

A flamma i ty test s al b p rf ormed on trace he ters an on trace he ters with integral

comp nents The f ul ran e of sizes s al b ca a le of complyin with the test The test s al

b car ied out in a ro m f re f rom drau hts an in a flame c amb r or f ume ho d with a

minimum volume of 0,5 c bic metres For trace he ters, the sample s al b at le st 4 0 mm

in len th, an s al b s p orted in a vertical p sition For trace he ter p d an p nels (as

a pl ca le) the sample width s al b 8 mm

A g mmed u ble c ed p p r in icator s al b wra p d on e arou d the sample so that it

projects 2 mm f rom the sample The p p r in icator s al b p sitioned 2 0 mm a ove the

p int at whic the in er blue cone of the flame contacts the sample A layer of dry, pure

s rgical coton not more than 6 mm in de th s al b placed u derne th the sample so that

the distan e f rom the coton to the p int of the f lame a pl cation is 2 0 mm

A la oratory burner as des rib d in IEC 6 6 5-1 -3 or in ASTM D 5 2 s al b u ed f or the

test The fuel s al b methane, natural gas, pro ane, or butane with the fol owin pro erties:

a) Methane or natural gas – For methane: tec nical grade, 9 % minimum purity; For

methane or natural gas: he tin value of (3 ± 1) MJ/m

As s own in Fig re 1, the flame s al b adju ted to a 13 mm heig t with a 4 mm in er blue

cone The burner s al b tited to an an le of 2 ° f rom the vertical an the f lame a pl ed to

the trace he ter so that the tip of in er blue cone of the f lame tou hes the sp cimen at a p int

2 0 mm b low the u ble c ed p p r in icator an a proximately 15 mm fom the b t om of

the sample For termination as embl es, the f lame s al b set s c that it contacts the

material at the most v lnera le p int Clamps u ed to s p ort the sample s al b a ove the

p p r in icator an at le st 8 mm b low the p int of flame a plcation For trace he ter p d

an p nels, the flame is a pl ed at the horizontal mid-p int of the sample, with the

u ble c ed p p r in icator vertical y a ove the f lame u in dimen ion as s own in Fig re 1

The la oratory burner s al b moved toward the sample u ti the in er blue cone tou hes

the sample; se Fig re 1 The f lame s al b a pl ed for 15 s, then removed f or 15 s, u ti five

s c a pl cation have b en made

The test res lts s al b con idered satisfactory if the trace he ter do s not s p ort

combu tion for more than 1 min af ter the fif th a pl cation of the f lame, do s not burn more

than 2 % of the exten ed u ble c ed p p r in icator, an do s not ig ite the cot on f rom

burnin f al n p rticles

5.1.5 Impa t te ts

NOT Ele tric tra e h aters are, in th majority of a plc tio s, c v re b th rmal in ulatio a d th refore

aff ord d s me me h nic l prote tio In s me a plc tio s, h we er, tra e h aters c n b in tale u d r

c n itio s wh re th y are n t alwa s prote te b th rmal in ulatio ; for e ample, d rin in talatio b f ore th

th rmal in ulatio is a ple or wh re th tra e h ater e its f rom th th rmal in ulatio into aju ctio b x

5.1.5.1 Room temperature impa t te t

A sample a proximately 4 0 mm in len th is placed on a rigid f lat ste l plate (with a mas

eq al to or gre ter than 2 k , a proximately 19 mm × 19 mm × 7 mm) The plate is

p sitioned on a rigid s bstrate s c that the imp ct energ a sorb d by the s bstrate is

negl gible The sample is then p sitioned u derne th an intermediate piece of hardened ste l

in the s a e of a horizontal halfc l n er with a diameter of 2 mm This c ln er s al have a

len th of 2 mm with smo thly rou ded ed es to a radiu of a proximately 5 mm when u ed

to test trace he ter p d an p nels (se Fig re 2) For the test, the c l n er is laid

horizontal y on the sample A trace he ter havin a non-circ lar cros -section s al b so

p sitioned that the imp ct is a pl ed alon the minor axis (i.e the trace he ter is p sitioned

f lat on the ste l plate)

Other than in tests on electrical trace he ters inten ed for u e in a pl cation with low ris of

mec anical damage, a hammer with a mas of1,0

01,0

0+

k s al b al owed to fal on e onto

the horizontal c ln er f rom a heig t of 0,7

01,0

0+

m

For trace he ters inten ed for u e in a pl cation with a low ris of mec anical damage in

ac ordan e with 4.1, the heig t may b red ced to 0,4

01,0

0+

m Trace he ters s bmit ed to

s c a test s al b cle rly marked as sp cif ied in 7.4 e) to caution the u er as to its red ced

mec anical ca a i ty

Immediately af ter imp ct, conformity is verified by testin the electrical in ulation in

ac ordan e with 5.1.2 an 5.1.3 whi e the ste l c l n er and hammer are sti in place on the

sample

5.1.5.2 Minimum temperature impa t te t

A sample a proximately 4 0 mm in len th is placed on a hardened ste l plate (with a mas

eq al to or gre ter than 2 k , 19 mm × 19 mm × 7 mm) The plate is p sitioned on a rigid

s bstrate s c that the imp ct energ a sorb d by the s bstrate is negl gible The as embly

is then con itioned f or a minimum of 4 h at the man f acturer’s sp cif ied minimum in tal ation

temp rature The a p ratu u ed for this test is s own in Fig re 3

After con itionin , an other than in tests on electrical trace he ters inten ed f or u e in

a pl cation with low ris of mec anical damage, a sample, whi e at the minimum in tal ation

temp rature, s al b s bjected to a 5 ,8 mm diameter c l n rical ste l plu ger with smo thly

rou ded ed es to a radiu of a proximately 5 mm, havin a mas of 1,8

02,0

0+

to f re fal f rom a heig t of 0,7

01,0

0+

m

For trace he ters inten ed for u e in a pl cation with a low ris of mec anical damage in

ac ordan e with 4.1, the heig t may b red ced to 0,4

01,0

0+

m Trace he ters s bmited to

s c a test s al b cle rly marked as sp cified in 7.4 e) to caution the u er as to its red ced

mec anical ca a i ty

The imp cted p rtion of the sample s al then b immersed in ta water at ro m temp rature

for at le st 5 min tes, an the dielectric test 5.1.2 an in ulation resistan e test 5.1.3 s al b

con u ted For trace he ter p d an p nels, b th the he tin region an cold le d s al b

imp cted

4 s f f icie t cle ra c to alow for fe -al

Fig re 3 – Ex mple of minimum temperature impa t te t

IE C

5.1.6 Deformation te t

A sample a proximately 4 0 mm in len th is placed on a rigid flat ste l plate A cru hin force

of 1 5 0 N is then a pl ed f or 3 s, without s oc , by me n of a 6 mm diameter ste l rod with

hemispherical en s an a total len th of 2 mm F r the test, the rod is laid flat on the sample

at a rig t an le In the case of a p d, the c l n er s al rest acros the active element

For electrical trace he ters inten ed for u e in a pl cation with low ris of mec anical

damage, the cru hin force may b red ced to 8 0 N Trace he ters s bmit ed to s c a test

s al b cle rly marked as sp cified in 7.4 e) to caution the u er con ernin its red ced

mec anical ca abi ty

After the def ormation lo d is a pl ed f or at le st 3 s, conformity is verified by testin the

electrical in ulation in ac ordan e with 5.1.2 an 5.1.3 whi e the horizontal ste l rod is sti in

The a paratu u ed for the cold b n test is s own in Fig re 4, with the radiu of the metal

man rel eq al to the man facturer's stated minimum b n radiu A sample at le st 4 0 mm

in len th of trace he ter, without integral termination or con ection , s al b fixed in the

a p ratu as s own The a p ratu an sample s al b placed in a refigerated comp rtment

an maintained at the man f acturer’s sp cified minimum in talation temp rature for a p riod

of not les than 4 h At the en of this p riod an whie sti at the man facturer’s sp cified

minimum in talation temp rature, the sample s al b b nt throu h at le st 9 º arou d one of

the man rels, then b nt throu h at le st 18 º in the o p site direction over the secon

man rel an then straig tened to its original p sition Al the b n in o eration s al b

car ied out in the same plane This c cle of o eration s al b p rf ormed thre times

Conformity is verified by testin the electrical in ulation in ac ordan e with 5.1.2 an 5.1.3

4 ma uf acturer's state minimum b n ra iu

d = tra e h ater diameter or primary b n in pla e

Fig re 4 – Cold be d te t

5.1.8 Water re ista c te t

A sample as des rib d in 5.1.1, ex lu in integral comp nents s al b immersed in ta water

f or a p riod of 14 day Trace he ter end are not immersed

Within 1 h after con itionin as a ove, an whi e sti immersed in the water, the sample s al

b s bjected to the dielectric test outl ned in 5.1.2 an the in ulation resistan e test outl ned

in 5.1.3

5.1.9 Inte ral compone ts re ista c to water te t

A sample of the trace he ter with al integral comp nents s al b placed in a ta water flow

an drain a p ratu as s own in Fig re 5 For trace he ter p d or p nels, a u it with cold

le d s al b u ed Water flow s al b initiated an the sample s al b completely

immersed At that p int, the water flow is sto p d an the trace he ter is energized The

a p ratu is then drained The total time f om the initiation of water f low to the completion of

drainin s al b no gre ter than 4,5 min an no les than 2,5 min The trace he ter s al

contin e to b energized for at le st 3 s after the water has b en drained The trace he ter

is then de-energized an water flow is initiated f or the next c cle The test s al b contin ed

outlned in 5.1.2 an the in ulation resistan e test outl ned in 5.1.3 The immersed

con ection of the trace he ter s al b in p cted to verify no eviden e of water in res

A inte ral p wer c n e tio

B inte ral s lc c n e tio

C inte ral in-ln te

D inte ral e d termin tio

Figure 5 – Inte ral compone ts re ista c to water te t

5.1.10 Verif ic tion of rate output

The rated output of the trace he ter or he tin p nel or p d s al b verif ied by one of the

fol owin two method :

a) resistan e: the me s red d.c resistan e p r u it len th at a sp cified temp rature s al

b within the man facturer’s declared toleran e;

NOT This meth d is a pro riate f or pro u ts with metal c h atin eleme ts

b) thermal: the thermal output of trace he ters is me s red by in tal ation of a sin le sample,

3 m to 6 m in len th, on a carb n ste l pip of 5 mm diameter or gre ter, as s own in

Fig re 6 The sample is in taled in ac ordan e with the man facturer’s in tru tion The

test a p ratu is completely covered with thermal in ulation of at le st 2 mm thic nes

F r trace he ter p d an p nels, the test is con u ted on a l q id-co led flat metal plate

with at le st 2 mm of thermal in ulation in tal ed over the s rf ace of the trace he ter p d

or p nel

A s ita le he t tran fer l q id is circ lated throu h the pip at a s ff i ient rate to esta ls

turbulent flow s c that there is a negl gible temp rature diff eren e b twe n the fluid an

the pip The he t tran f er fluid is maintained at a con tant temp rature These

p rameters are verified by thermocouples placed at the entry an exit en s of the pip

Flow velocity s al b s c that the fluid temp rature do s not dif fer by more than 2 K

f rom en to en

The thermal output of the trace he ter is me s red at thre workpiece temp ratures

re resentative of the f ul o eratin ran e The trace he ter is p wered at its rated voltage

an al owed to at ain eq i brium The voltage, c r ent an l q id temp ratures, an

sample len th are recorded at e c test temp rature Thre se arate determination are

made on se arate samples The res ltin values s al b within the man f acturer’s

declared toleran e

Key

1 c ntrole v lta e s urc

2 s e d tai A

3 tra e h ater s mple

4 5 mm o tsid diameter or gre ter