Iec 61400-12-1-2017.Pdf

IEC 61 400 1 2 1 Edition 2 0 201 7 03 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Wind energy generation systems – Part 1 2 1 Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines Syst[.]

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CISPR

A ndroid et iPa

Elec trote h iq e Int ern tio al (IEV) e lg e

Glos aire IEC - st d.e c h/ glos ar y

c c@iec c

t urbines

c olour

inside

4 Symb ls an u its 2

5 Power p rf orman e method overview 2

6 Pre aration for p rorman e test 2

6.1 General 2

6.2 Win turbine an electrical con ection 2

6.3 Test site 2

6.3.1 General 2

6.3.2 L cation of the win me s rement eq ipment 2

6.3.3 Me s rement sector 2

6.3.4 Cor ection f actors an u certainty d e to f low distortion originatin f rom to ogra h 2

7 Test eq ipment 2

7.1 Electric p wer 2

7.2 Win sp ed 2

7.2.1 General 2

7.2.2 General req irements for mete rological mast mou ted anemometers 3

7.2.3 To -mou ted anemometers 31

7.2.4 Side-mou ted anemometers 31

7.2.5 Remote sen in device (RSD) 31

7.2.6 Rotor eq ivalent win sp ed me s rement 3

7.2.7 Hub heig t win sp ed me s rement 3

7.2.8 Win s e r me s rements 3

7.3 Win direction 3

7 4 Air den ity 3

7.5 Rotational sp ed an pitc an le 3

7.6 Blade con ition 3

7.7 Win turbine control s stem 3

7.8 Data ac uisition s stem 3

8 Me s rement proced re 3

8.1 General 3

8.2 Win turbine o eration 3

8.3 Data col ection 3

8.4 Data rejection 3

8.5 Data ase 3

9 Derived res lts 3

9.1 Data normal sation 3

9.1.1 General 3

9.1.2 Cor ection f or mete rological mast flow distortion of side-mou ted anemometer 3

9.1.3 Win s e r cor ection (when REWS me s rements avai a le) 3

9.1.5 Air den ity normalsation 41

9.1.6 Turbulen e normal sation 4

9.2 Determination of the me s red p wer c rve 4

9.3 An ual energ prod ction (AEP) 4

9.4 Power co ff i ient 4

10 Re ortin f ormat 4

An ex A (normative) As es ment of in uen es cau ed by win turbines an o stacles at the test site 5

A.1 General 5

A.2 Req irements regardin neig b urin an o eratin win turbines 5

A.3 Req irements regardin o stacles 5

A.4 Method for calc lation of sectors to ex lu e 5

A.5 Sp cial req irements f or exten ed o stacles 5

An ex B (normative) As es ment of ter ain at the test site 5

An ex C (normative) Site calbration proced re 61

C.1 General 61

C.2 Overview of the proced re 61

C.3 Test set-up 6

C.3.1 Con ideration for selection of the test win turbine an location of the mete rological mast 6

C.3.2 In trumentation 6

C.4 Data ac uisition an rejection criteria 6

C.5 Analy is 6

C.5.1 As es ment of site s e r con ition 6

C.5.2 Method 1: Bin of win direction an win s e r 6

C.5.3 Method 2: Line r regres ion method where s e r is not a sig if i ant in uen e 6

C.5.4 Ad itional calc lation 6

C.6 Site calbration u certainty 7

C.6.1 Site calbration category A u certainty 7

C.6.2 Site calbration category B u certainty 7

C.6.3 Combined u certainty 7

C.7 Qual ty c ec s an ad itional u certainties 7

C.7.1 Con ergen e c ec 7

C.7.2 Cor elation c ec for l ne r regres ion (se C.5.3) 7

C.7.3 Chan e in cor ection b twe n adjacent win direction bin 7

C.7.4 Removal of the win direction sen or b twe n site cal bration an p wer p rf orman e test 7

C.7.5 Site calbration an p wer p rf orman e me s rements in dif ferent se son 7

C.8 Verification of es lts 7

C.9 Site calbration examples 7

C.9.1 Example A 7

C.9.2 Example B 81

C.9.3 Example C 8

An ex D (normative) Evaluation of u certainty in me s rement 91

An ex E (informative) The retical b sis for determinin the u certainty of me s rement u in the method of bin 9

E.2 Combinin u certainties 9

E.2.1 General 9

E.2.2 Exp n ed u certainty 9

E.2.3 Basis for the u certainty as es ment 9

E.10.1 General 1 8

E.13.13 Combinin u certainties f or the pres ure me s rement u

I 2 Clas ification clas es 18

An ex Q (informative) Def i ition of the rotor eq ivalent win sp ed u der

maximum al owed me s rement sectors 2

Fig re 2 – Win s e r me s rement heig ts a pro riate to me s rement of rotor eq ivalent win sp ed 3

Fig re 3 – Win s e r me s rement heig ts when no win sp ed me s rements a ove h b heig t are avai a le (f or win s e r exp nent determination only) 3

Fig re 4 – Proces of a plcation of the variou normalsation 3

Fig re 5 – Presentation of example data ase: p wer p rorman e test s at er plot sampled at 1 Hz (me n values averaged over 10 min) 4

Fig re 6 – Presentation of example me s red p wer c rve 4

Fig re 7 – Presentation of example C P c rve 4

Fig re A.1 – Sectors to ex lu e d e to wakes of neig b urin an o eratin win turbines an sig ificant o stacles 5

Fig re A.2 – An example of sectors to ex lu e d e to wakes of the win turbine u der test, a neig bourin an o eratin win turbine an a sig ificant o stacle 5

Fig re B.1 – Ilu tration of are to b as es ed, to view 5

Fig re B.2 – Example of determination of slo e an ter ain variation f rom the b st- it plane: “2 to 4 ” an the case “me s rement sector” (Ta le B.1, l ne 2) 5

Fig re B.3 – Determination of slo e for the distan e “2 to 4 ” an “8 to 16 ” an the case “outside me s rement sector” (Ta le B.1, l ne 3 an l ne 5) 6

Fig re C.1 – Site cal bration f low c art 6

Fig re C.2 – Ter ain typ s 6

Fig re C.3 – Example of the res lts of a verif i ation test 7

Fig re C.4 – Win s e r exp nent v time of day, example A 7

Fig re C.5 – Win s e r exp nents at win turbine location v referen e mete rological mast, example A where the colour axis = win sp ed (m/s) 7

Fig re C.6 – Win sp ed ratios an n mb r of data p ints v win s e r exp nent an win direction bin – win sp ed ratios (ful lnes), n mb r of data p ints (dot ed l nes) 7

Fig re C.7 – Data con ergen e c ec for 19 ° bin 81

Fig re C.8 – Win s e r exp nent v time of day, example B 8

Fig re C.9 – Win s e r exp nents at win turbine location v referen e mete rological mast, example B 8

Fig re C.10 – Line r regres ion of win turbine location v referen e mete rological mast h b heig t win sp ed f or 3 0° bin 8

Fig re C.1 – Win sp ed ratios v win sp ed f or the 3 0° bin 8

Fig re C.13 – Win s e r exp nents at win turbine location v referen e

mete rological mast p st- iterin 8

Fig re C.14 – Line r regres ion of win turbine location v referen e mete rological mast h b heig t win sp ed f or 3 0° bin, p st-f ilterin 8

Fig re C.15 – Win sp ed ratios v win sp ed f or the 3 0° bin, p st- i terin 8

Fig re C.16 – Data con ergen e c ec f or 3 0° bin 8

Fig re C.17 – Site calbration win s e r v p wer c rve test win s e r 8

Fig re C.18 – Con ergen e c ec for 2 0° bin 9

d

T

d

m

T

T

0 α α V

α

A

F

F

QA

hig

Fig re L.5 – Comp rison of 10 min te averages of the horizontal win sp ed

(I

me s rements that meet the req irements of this stan ard 2

Ta le 2 – Win sp ed me s rement configuration (X in icates alowa le config ration) 3

Ta le 3 – Example of REWS calc lation 4

Ta le 4 – Example of presentation of a me s red p wer c rve 5

Ta le 5 – Example of presentation of estimated an ual energ prod ction 51

Ta le A.1 – Obstacle req irements: relevan e of o stacles 5

Ta le B.1 – Test site req irements: to ogra hical variation 5

Ta le C.1 – Site cal bration f low cor ection (win sp ed ratio) 8

Ta le C.2 – Site cal bration data cou t 8

Ta le C.3 – r 2 values f or e c win direction bin 8

Ta le C.4 – Ad itional u certainty d e to c an e in bin 8

Ta le C.5 – Ad itional u certainty d e to c an e in bin 9

Ta le D.1 – List of u certainty comp nents 91

Ta le E.1 – Exp n ed u certainties 9

Ta le E.2 – List of category A an B u certainties 9

Ta le E.7 – Su gested as umption f or cor elation of me s rement u certainties

T

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

h) clarification of to ogra h req irements,

INTRODUCTION

WIND ENERGY GENERA TION SYSTEMS –

ISO/IEC 17 2 :2 0 , Ge eral re uireme ts for the c mp t en e of testing a d c l ibratio

3.3

3.4

3.8

3.9

3.10

3.1

3.12

vv

v tran versal win sp ed comp nent [m/s]

The kinetic energy flu (ref er in to a certain p int in time or p riod of time, typical y 10 min,

1

AVP

A

d

21

c os

21

3

k in

ϕϕρ

∫

31

3

e

d–

c os1

i

AV

1

2

3

At sites an se son where extreme atmospheric sta i ty con ition are exp cted to b

4

ρ

5

;

In this stan ard, al neces ary proced res for me s rements, calbration, clas ification, data

6 Preparation f or perf ormance test

f rom al sectors in whic either the win me s rement eq ipment or the win turbine wi b

the distan e is b twe n 3 an 4 times the rotor diameter , u les o jective eviden e can b

10

Table 2 – Win spe d me s reme t conf igurations (X indic te al owable configuration)

The u certainty in win sp ed me s rement derives f rom several sources of u certainty as

1

12

1

12

7.2.6 Rotor e uiv le t win spe d me s reme t

win sp ed u certainty, it is recommen ed to have as man me s rement heig ts as

Figure 3 – Wind s e r me s reme t heights whe no win spe d me s reme ts

The h midity sen or s ould b mou ted within 10 m of h b heig t to re resent the h midity at

13

p riod, but s c work s al b noted in the test log An sp cial maintenan e action , s c as

8.5 Databa e

Fig re 4 – Proce s of appl c tion of the v rious normal sations

14

14

R aw 10 min d ta

•Hub Heig t Dat a

•[R EWS Dat a at mult iple heig t s]

Ma t flow dist ortio

(9.1.2)

•Hub Heig t Dat a

•[R EWS Dat a at mult iple heig t s]

Sit e c lbratio (Ann x C)

•Hub Heig t Dat a

•[R WS Dat a at mult iple heig t s]

[Sh ar/ R EWS/V eer

•Hub Heig t Dat a

•[R EWS Correc t ed Dat a]

Turb le c n rmals t io

(9.1.6)

•Hub Heig t Dat a

•[R EWS Correc t ed Dat a]

c) the win s e r cor ected win sp ed.

31

13

ii

i

AA

vv

i

)()(d)(

ii

z

zi

zgzgzzcA

11

22

2

t anarc

H–z–R

H–z

RH–z–RH–zzg

(8)

6 m, 8 m, 10 m an 12 m) This example s ows a case where the heig ts were f i ed

total swe t rotor are

RSh,RS

RSr,

vv

5

:

MMh,MM

MMr,

vv

v

9.1.3.4 Wind s e r cor e tion of win spe d

MMh,RSDr,fin l

vf

010min

10min

111

RRP

RB

T

Φρ

3

n

ρρ

PP

VV

16

jji

ii

V

NV

1,n,1

=

=

iN

jj

ii

P

NP

1,n,1

1

1h

iiN

i

ii

PP

VFVFN

ex p1

VV

VF

AV

9.4 Power coef ficie t

P

21

ii

i

AVP

ρ

0

c) A des ription of the test eq ipment (se Clau e 7):

presented se arately In ad ition, the average values of b th win s e r exp nents

P

P

P

17

– referen e air den ity;

IEC

Me s re p wer c rve c rec t ed to s a lev el air d n it y (1,2 5 k g/m

Table 4 – Ex mple of pre e tation of a me s re power c rv

18

:

n

an o eratin win turbine The sectors to b ex lu ed s al b derived for b th the win

2

), or –

b

c

A neig b urin an o eratin win turbine s al alway b evaluated ac ordin to Fig re A.1

e

e

wh

wh

e2

ll

ll

or L

n/D

e+ 0,15) + 10 or θ = 1,3 arcta (2,5D

n/L

n+ 0,15) + 10

IE

e) the win turbine u der test is in the wake of the sig ificant o stacle;

2

2

Annex B

sector;

2

at dist an e L fom win t urbin

Table B.1 – Te t site re uireme ts: topographic l v riation

a

%

2

b

c

2

IE C

Fig re B.3 – Determination of slope f or the dista c “2L to 4L” a d “8L to 16L”

IEC

Annex C

This proced re inten s to c aracterize the cor elation of the win sp ed b twe n the two

IEC

C.3 Test set up

can then b u ed in conju ction with the anemometer clas ification re ort to calc late an S

IEC

is recommen ed to b located on the rid e next to the win turbine in te d of at a lower

d) an other sp cial atmospheric con ition that are fou d to influen e the site calbration

C.5.1.2 As e s sig if ic nc of s e r

red ced data at certain win sp ed For example, if a plyin a time of day fiter wi res lt in

p ints

C.5.3 Method 2: Lin ar re re sion method where s e r is not a signific nt inf lu nc

bin

V

PM

A site cal bration resid al s al b calc lated as f ol ows f or e c 10 min data p int as the

s

k

ii,

∑

=

=12

sc

sc

k,

N

dd

kk

kk,

NfN

ds

k

the case where the site cal bration flow cor ection are in the f orm of bin-averaged win

k

u

u

VT,cla s,i

u

The k-fold cros val dation method u ed to calc late the statistical u certainty for the site

sc c p1

32

sc c p1

2

c oc

j,jj

,j

j,i,,

b twe n the two in tal ation An ad itional u certainty comp nent for e c win direction bin

1,0

j,i,,

j,i,,

u

uu

c ocrmv

C.8 Verif ication of results

Th eror b rs in ic te th c te ory A sta d rd u c rtainty of th bin a era e ratio of v

IE C

Site c l bration e aluation:

IE C

Fig re C.5 – Wind s e r e pone ts at wind turbine loc tion v ref ere c

ratios in that matrix bin;

IE C

Figure C.6 – Win spe d ratios a d n mber of data points v wind s e r e pon nt a d

IEC

Table C.1 – Site c l bration f low cor e tions (win spe d ratio)

IEC

For the fi tered data, the win s e r exp nent at e c mete rological mast is plot ed again t

There is no cor elation for win s e r values gre ter than 0,2 This s g ests that the

IE C

IE C

Figure C.12 – Win spe d ratios v win s e r for the 3 0° bin

IEC

Figure C.13 – Win s e r e p ne ts at wind turbine loc tion v

IEC

IE C

Figure C.15 – Wind spe d ratios v wind spe d f or th 3 0° bin, post f iltering

IEC

Figure C.16 – Data conv rge c c e k f or 3 0° bin

IE C

s e r exp nent values (se Fig re C.17) foun a c an e gre ter than 0,0 (0,15 v 0,2 ),

IE C

Step 1: Che k the signif ic nc of wind s ear at th site

at this site

Fig re C.18 – Conv rge ce c e k f or 2 0° bin

IEC

Annex D

Po t c lbratio / in-situ te t

Me sured parameter Unc rtainty comp nent Unc rtainty c teg ry

Me sured parameter Unc rtainty comp nent Unc rtainty c teg ry

lM

ki

ucuc

u

,

,,1

=1

=2

k,l,i,j

k,iikiM

lM

kN

jN

iAEP

ucf

u

cf

Nu

,

1

=1

=1

=1

=2

h2

c,i

222

,2

,1

=2

2

1

=2

c ,

BA

ii

ikikkk,ik,iM

ki

usucs

EP

)(

2

i1

=1

=2

h22

1

=2

1

=2

h2

BA

ucfN

scf

Nu

k,ik,iN

iM

kk,i

k,iM

kiN

iAEP

∑

∑+

∑

∑

h2

i1

=2

h

2

22

,

1

=1

=2

h22

1

=2

i1

=2

h2

+

=+

=

BA

uf

Nsf

N

ucf

Nscf

Nu

i

iN

i2

iN

i

k,iikM

kiN

ik,i

k,iM

kN

iAEP

E.2.3 Ba is for the unc rtainty a s s me t

uuu

iii

.++

=

2

V 2,2

V 1,2

V ,

ucucucucucuscsu

iiiiiiiiiiiiiii

2

M,2

V ,2

2

R H,2

B,2

B,2

T,2

T,2

V ,2

V ,2

P,2

2

V ,2

P,2

c ,

++

++

+++

scsf

N

u

iiiiiiiiiii

iN

iiii

iN

i

2

M,2

V,2

RH,2

RH,2

B,2

B,2

T,2

T,2

V ,2

V ,2

P,1

=2

SC,2

V,2

P,2

1

=2

h

2

AEP

++

++

++

+

=

Table E.2 – List of c te ory A a d B unc rtaintie

c

iiii

i

11

,V

)()(

)()(

21

11

11

,V

VVPP

VVPP

c

i

iii

i

iii

Categ ry B:Instruments Note Unc rtainty Sensitivity Mag itu e

iT(s e E.10.2)

iB(s e E.10.7)

H,cali

Categ ry B:Instruments Note Unc rtainty Sensitivity Mag itu e

( )

2

,n,

1

=,

P

11

=

PP

N

jiN

j

ii

i

−

∑

−σ

ii

ii

Ns

s

,P

,Pσ

s

3

=U

σ

E.4.2 Cate ory B unc rtaintie : data ac uisition s stem

d,i

of

E.4.2

d,i

uu

uu

ii

ii

2

SC,d,2

SA,d,2

d,d,

++

P,i