Iec 61140 2016

5.2 Provisions for basic protection 5.2.1 General Basic protection s al con ist of one or more provision that, u der normal con ition , prevent contact with hazardou -l ve-p rts... 5.4.6

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INT ERNAT IONAL

ELECT ROT ECHNICAL

COMMIS ION

ELECT ROT ECHNIQUE

INT ERNAT IONALE

BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION

PUBLICA TION FONDAMENTA LE DE SÉCURIT

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FOREWORD 5

1 Sco e 7

2 Normative referen es 7

3 Terms an definition 8

4 Fu damental rule of protection again t electric s oc 18 4.1 General 18 4 2 Normal con ition 1

9 4.3 Sin le- ault con ition 2

4.3.1 General 2

4.3.2 Protection by in e en ent protective provision 2

4.3.3 Protection by an en an ed protective provision 2

4.4 Ad itional protection 2

4.5 Protection again t electric burn 21

4.6 Protection again t ph siological efects without ad erse he lth efect 21

4.6.1 General 21

4.6.2 Mu c lar re ction 21

4.6.3 Ef ects of tou h c r ent of dis harge of electrostatic c arges 2

4.6.4 Thermal ef ects 2

5 Protective provision (elements of protective me s res) 2

5.1 General 2

5.2 Provision for b sic protection 2

5.2.1 General 2

5.2.2 Basic in ulation 2

5.2.3 Protective b r iers or en los res 2

5.2.4 Obstacles 2

5.2.5 Placin out of arm's re c 2

5.2.6 Limitation of voltage 2

5.2.7 Limitation of ste d -state tou h c r ent an energ 2

5.2.8 Potential gradin 2

5.2.9 Other provision for b sic protection 2

5.3 Provision for fault protection 2

5.3.1 General 2

5.3.2 Sup lementary in ulation 2

5.3.3 Protective-eq ip tential-b n in 2

5.3.4 Protective s re nin 2

5.3.5 In ication an dis on ection in hig -voltage in tal ation an s stems 2

5.3.6 Automatic dis on ection of s p ly 2

5.3.7 Simple se aration (b twe n circ its) 2

5.3.8 Non-con u tin en ironment 2

5.3.9 Potential gradin 2

5.3.10 Other provision for fault protection 2

5.4 En an ed protective provision 2

5.4.1 General 2

5.4.2 Reinforced in ulation 2

5.4.3 Protective se aration b twe n circ its 2

5.4.5 Protective imp dan e device 2

5.4.6 Other provision for en an ed protection 3

5.5 Provision for additional protection 3

5.5.1 Ad itional protection by resid al c r ent protective device (RCD) I∆ n ≤ 3 mA 3

5.5.2 Ad itional protection by s p lementary eq ip tential b n in 3

6 Protective me s res 3

6.1 General 3

6.2 Protection by automatic dis on ection of s pply 31

6.3 Protection by double or reinforced in ulation 31

6.4 Protection by protective eq ip tential b n in 31

6.5 Protection by electrical se aration 31

6.6 Protection by non-con u tin en ironment (low-voltage) 31

6.7 Protection by SELV s stem 3

6.8 Protection by PELV s stem 3

6.9 Protection by lmitation of ste d -state tou h c r ent an c arge 3

6.10 Ad itional protection 3

6.10.1 Ad itional protection by resid al c r ent protective device (RCD) I∆ n ≤ 3 mA 3

6.10.2 Ad itional protection by s p lementary protective eq ip tential b n in 3

6.1 Protection by other me s res 3

7 Co-ordination b twe n electrical eq ipment an protective provision within an electrical in tal ation 3

7.1 General 3

7.2 Clas 0 equipment 3

7.3 Clas I eq ipment 3

7.3.1 General 3

7.3.2 In ulation 3

7.3.3 Con ection to the protective con u tor 3

7.3.4 Ac es ible s rfaces of p rts of in ulatin material 3

7.3.5 Con ection of a protective con u tor 3

7.4 Clas I eq ipment 3

7.4.1 General 3

7.4.2 In ulation 3

7.4.3 Protective b n in 3

7.4.4 Markin 3

7.5 Clas I eq ipment 3

7.5.1 General 3

7.5.2 Voltages 3

7.5.3 Protective b n in 3

7.5.4 Markin 3

7.6 Tou h c r ents, protective con u tor c r ents 3

7.6.1 General 3

7.6.2 Tou h c r ents 3

7.6.3 Protective con u tor c r ents 3

7.6.4 Other req irements 3

7.6.5 Other efects 3

7.7 Safety an b u dary cle ran es an hazard markin for hig -voltage

7.8 Fu ctional e rthin 4

8 Sp cial o eratin an servicin con ition 4

8.1 General 4

8.2 Devices to b o erated man al y an comp nents inten ed to b re laced man al y 4

8.2.1 General 4

8.2.2 Devices to b o erated or comp nents inten ed to b re laced by ordinary p rson in low-voltage in tal ation , s stems an eq ipment 4

8.2.3 Devices to b o erated or comp nents inten ed to b re laced by s i ed or in tru ted p rson 41

8.3 Electrical values afer isolation 41

8.4 Devices for isolation 4

8.4.1 General 4

8.4.2 Devices for isolation for low voltage 4

8.4.3 Devices for isolation for hig voltage 4

An ex A (informative) Survey of protective me s res as implemented by protective provision 4

An ex B (informative) In ex of terms 4

An ex C (informative) List of notes con ernin certain cou tries 5

Biblogra h 5

Fig re A.1 – Protective me s res with b sic an fault protection 4

Fig re A.2 – Protective me s res with l mited values of electrical q antities 4

Fig re A.3 – Protective me s re: ad itional protection (in ad ition to b sic an /or fault protection) 4

Ta le 1 – Limits for voltage b n s 19 Ta le 2 – Tou h voltage thres old for re ction 21

Ta le 3 – Ap l cation of eq ipment in a low-voltage in tal ation 3

Ta le 4 – Maximum protective con u tor c r ent for freq en ies up to 1 kHz 3

Ta le 5 – Maximum protective con u tor c r ent for DC 3

Ta le 6 – Minimum impulse with tan voltage of devices for isolation related to the nominal voltage 4

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK –

1) Th Intern tio al Ele trote h ic l Commis io (IEC) is a worldwid org niz tio for sta d rdiz tio c mprisin

al n tio al ele trote h ic l c mmite s (IEC Natio al Commite s) Th o je t of IEC is to promote

intern tio al c -o eratio o al q e tio s c n ernin sta d rdiz tio in th ele tric l a d ele tro ic field To

this e d a d in a ditio to oth r a tivitie , IEC p bls e Intern tio al Sta d rd , Te h ic l Sp cific tio s,

Te h ic l Re orts, Pu lcly Av ia le Sp cific tio s (PAS) a d Guid s (h re fer refer e to a “IEC

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in th s bje t d alt with ma p rticip te in this pre aratory work Intern tio al g v rnme tal a d n

n-g v rnme tal org niz tio s laisin with th IEC als p rticip te in this pre aratio IEC c la orate clo ely

with th Intern tio al Org niz tio for Sta d rdiz tio (ISO) in a c rd n e with c n itio s d termin d b

a re me t b twe n th two org niz tio s

2) Th formal d cisio s or a re me ts of IEC o te h ic l maters e pre s, a n arly a p s ible, a intern tio al

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intere te IEC Natio al Commite s

3) IEC Pu lc tio s h v th form of re omme d tio s for intern tio al u e a d are a c pte b IEC Natio al

Commite s in th t s n e Whie al re s n ble eforts are ma e to e s re th t th te h ic l c nte t of IEC

Pu lc tio s is a c rate, IEC c n ot b h ld re p n ible for th wa in whic th y are u e or for a y

misinterpretatio b a y e d u er

4) In ord r to promote intern tio al u iformity, IEC Natio al Commite s u d rta e to a ply IEC Pu lc tio s

tra s are tly to th ma imum e te t p s ible in th ir n tio al a d re io al p blc tio s An div rg n e

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th later

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s rvic s c rie o t b in e e d nt c rtific tio b die

6) Al u ers s o lde s re th t th y h v th late t e itio of this p blc tio

7) No la i ty s al ata h to IEC or its dire tors, emplo e s, s rv nts or a e ts in lu in in ivid al e p rts a d

memb rs of its te h ic l c mmite s a d IEC Natio al Commite s for a y p rs n l injury, pro erty d ma e or

oth r d ma e of a y n ture wh ts e er, wh th r dire t or in ire t, or for c sts (in lu in le al fe s) a d

e p n e arisin o t of th p blc tio , u e of, or rela c u o , this IEC Pu lc tio or a y oth r IEC

Pu lc tio s

8) Ate tio is drawn to th Normativ refere c s cite in this p blc tio Us of th refere c d p blc tio s is

in is e s ble for th c r e t a plc tio of this p blc tio

9) Ate tio is drawn to th p s ibi ty th t s me of th eleme ts of this IEC Pu lc tio ma b th s bje t of

p te t rig ts IEC s al n t b h ld re p n ible for id ntifyin a y or al s c p te t rig ts

International Stan ard IEC 61 4 has b en pre ared by IEC tec nical commite 6 :

Electrical in tal ation an protection again t electric s oc

This fourth edition can els an re laces the third edition publ s ed in 2 01 an

Amen ment 1:2 0 This edition con titutes a tec nical revision

This edition in lu es the fol owin sig ificant tec nical c an es with resp ct to the previou

edition:

a) Introd ction of the content of IEC 6 4 9

b) Bet er distin tion b twe n provision an me s res

c) Con ideration of ef ects other than ventric lar fibri ation

d) Ad itional protection was introd ced

e) ELV defined as part of LV

g) Req irements relatin to c r ent in the protective con u tor were moved to the main b d

of the stan ard

The text of this standard is b sed on the fol owin doc ments:

Ful information on the votin for the a proval of this stan ard can b foun in the re ort on

votin in icated in the a ove ta le

This publ cation has b en draf ed in ac ordan e with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2

It has the statu of a b sic safety publ cation in ac ordan e with IEC Guide 10

The re der's at ention is drawn to the fact that An ex C l sts al of the “in-some-cou try”

clau es on diferin practices of a les p rmanent nature relatin to the s bject of this

stan ard

The commit e has decided that the contents of this publ cation wi remain u c an ed u ti

the sta i ty date in icated on the IEC we site u der "ht p:/webstore.iec.c " in the data

related to the sp cific publ cation At this date, the publ cation wi b

• reconfirmed,

• with rawn,

• re laced by a revised edition, or

PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK –

1 Scope

This International Stan ard is a b sic safety publcation primari y inten ed for u e by

tec nical commit e s in the pre aration of stan ard in ac ordan e with the prin iples laid

down in IEC Guide 10 an ISO/IEC Guide 51

It is not inten ed to b u ed as a stan -alone stan ard

Ac ordin to IEC Guide 10 , tec nical commit e s, when pre arin , amen in , or revisin

their publ cation , are req ired to make u e of an b sic safety publ cation s c as IEC 61 4

This International Stan ard a ples to the protection of p rson an l vestoc again t electric

s oc The intent is to give fu damental prin iples an req irements whic are common to

electrical in talation , s stems an eq ipment or neces ary for their co rdination, without

l mitation with regard to the mag itu e of the voltage or c r ent, or the typ of c r ent, an

for freq en ies up to 1 0 0 Hz

Some clau es in this stan ard refer to low-voltage an hig -voltage s stems, in tal ation an

eq ipment For the purp ses of this stan ard, low-voltage is an rated voltage up to an

in lu in 1 0 0 V a.c or 1 5 0 V d.c Hig voltage is an rated voltage ex e din

1 0 0 V a.c or 1 5 0 V d.c

It s ould b noted that,

for an ef icient desig an selection of protective me s res, the type

of voltage that may oc ur an its waveform ne d to b con idered, i.e a.c or d.c voltage,

sin soidal, tran ient, phase control ed, s p rimp sed d.c as wel as a p s ible mixture of

these forms The in tal ation or eq ipment may influen e the waveform of the voltage, e.g

by in erters or converters The c r ents flowin u der normal o eratin con ition an u der

fault con ition de en on the des rib d voltage

2 Normative refere ces

The fol owin doc ments, in whole or in p rt, are normatively referen ed in this doc ment an

are in isp n a le for its a pl cation For dated referen es, only the edition cited a ples For

u dated referen es, the latest edition of the referen ed doc ment (in lu in any

amen ments) a pl es

IEC 6 0 8, IEC standard v lage s

IEC 6 0 8 (al p rts), En iro nme ntal testn

IEC 6 0 1-1, Insu lato c o o rdinato – Part 1: D efini o ns, p rinciple s and ru le s

IEC 6 0 1-2, Insu lato c o o rdinato – Part 2: Ap plc to gu ide

IEC 6 3 4-5-5 :2 1 , Low-v lage e le c tric l instalato s – Part 5-5 : Selecto and e re cto n

o f ele ctric al e u ipme t – Earthin arangeme nts and p rote c tiv c o nducto rs

IEC 6 417, Grap ic al symb ols foruse o n e qu ipme nt

IEC 6 4 5, Basic and s fety p rinc iples fo r man-ma hin interfac e, markin and ide tficato

– Ide tfic ato of e qu ipme nt te rminals, c onduc tor te rminato ns and conduc to rs

IEC TS 6 4 9-1:2 0 , Efe cts of curre t o hu man bein s and lve sto ck – Part 1: Ge ne ral

a pe c ts

IEC TR 6 4 9-5, Efe cts o fcurre nt on hu man b ein s and lve sto ck – Part 5: Touc h v lage

thresh ld value s fo r p ysio log ic l efe cts

IEC 6 5 9, De ree s of pro te cto p ro ided b y e c lo sure (IP C o de )

IEC 6 6 4 (al p rts), Insu lato c oo rdinato fo r e u ipme t wihin low-v lag systems

IEC 6 6 4-1:2 0 , Insu lato n coo rdinato fo r e u ipme nt wihin low-v lag e systems – Part 1:

Principle s, re u ireme nts and te sts

IEC 6 7 1 (al p rts), C la sific ato o f e viro nme tal co di o s

IEC 6 9 0, Methods of me asureme t o f to uch curre nt and p rote c tiv c o ndu cto r cu rre t

IEC TS 612 1:2 0 , Use ofc on e to al to uc h v lag lmis – App lic ato gu ide

IEC 62 71-10 , High-v lage swic hg ear and co trolgear – Part 10 2: Ale rnatn curre t

dis o ne c tors and earthin swich s

IEC Guide 10 , Th p re parato o fs fety pu b lic to ns and th use o fbasic s fe ty publc ato s

and group s fe ty pu blc ato ns

ISO/IEC Guide 51:2 14, Safe ty a pe cts – Gu idelne s fo r th ir inc lusio in standards

3 Terms and definitions

For the purp ses of this doc ment, the fol owin terms an definition a ply

NOT An in e of d finitio s is giv n in An e B

3.1

electric s oc

ph siological ef ect res ltin from an electric c r ent throu h a h man b d or l vestoc

Note 1 to e try: Ph siolo ic l efe ts in lu e, for e ample, p rc ptio , mu c lar c ntra tio s a d teta y, dific lty

in bre thin , disturb n e of h art fu ctio , immo i z tio , c rdia are t, bre thin are t, b rn or oth r c lular

d ma e

Note 2 to e try: Ph siolo ic l efe ts re ultin from EMF are n t c n id re in this sta d rd

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8, 19 -01-0 , modified – "throu h a h man b d or l vestoc "

re laces "p s in throu h a h man or animal b d "; ad ition of 2 Notes to entry]

3.1.1

basic protection

protection again t electric s oc u der fault fre con ition

3.1.2

fault protection

protection again t electric s oc u der sin le fault con ition

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8/AMD1:2 01, 19 -0 -0 ]

3.1.3

additional protection

protection again t electric s oc in ad ition to b sic protection an /or fault protection

[SOURCE: EC 6 0 0-8 6:2 0 , 8 6-12-0 , modified – “protection again t electric s oc ”

re laces “protective me s re”]

3.1.4

single fault condition

con ition in whic one me n for protection again t electric s oc is defective or one fault is

present whic could cau e a hazard

Note 1 to e try: If a sin le fa lt c n itio re ults in o e or more oth r fa lt c n itio s, al are c n id re a o e

sin le fa lt c n itio

3.2

electric circ it

ar an ement of devices or media throu h whic electric c r ent can flow

Note 1 to e try: Se als IEC 6 0 0-8 6:2 0 , 8 6-14-01 for ele tric l in talatio s of b idin s

3.3

electrical eq ipment

item u ed for s c purp ses as generation, con ersion, tran mis ion, distribution or uti zation

of electric energ , s c as electric mac ines, tran formers, switc ge r an controlge r,

me s rin in truments, protective devices, wirin s stems, c r ent u in eq ipment

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-8 6:2 0 , 8 6-16-01]

3.4

l ve part

con u tive p rt inten ed to b energized in normal con ition , in lu in a neutral con u tor

or mid-p int con u tor, but by con ention not a PEN con u tor or PEM con u tor or PEL

con u tor

Note 1 to e try: This c n e t d e n t n c s ariy imply a ris of ele tric s o k

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8, 19 -0 -19, modified – “…normal con ition , in lu in a

neutral con u tor or mid-p int con u tor re laces “normal o eration, in lu in a neutral

con u tor ”]

3.5

hazardous-l ve-part

l ve p rt whic , u der certain con ition , can give a harmful electric s oc

Note 1 to e try: In c s of hig v lta e, a h z rd u v lta e ma b pre e t o th s rfa e of s ld in ulatio In

e p s d-c n u tiv -p rt whic h s b c me lv ,is n t c n id re to b a e p s d-c n u tiv -p rt its lf.

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -19 :19 8, 19 -0 -10]

3.7

extrane us-conductive-p rt

con u tive p rt not formin p rt of the electrical in tal ation an l a le to introd ce an electric

p tential, general y the electric p tential of a local e rth

voltage b twe n con u tive p rts when tou hed simultane u ly by a h man or l vestoc

Note 1 to e try: Th v lu of th efe tiv to c v lta e ma b a pre ia ly influ n e b th imp d n e of th

p rs n or th lv sto k in ele tric c nta t with th s c n u tiv p rts

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8, 19 -0 -1 , modified – “by a h man or l vestoc ” re laces “by

a p rson or an animal”]

3.8.2

prospective touc voltage

voltage b twe n simultane u ly ac es ible con u tive p rts when those con u tive p rts are

not b in tou hed, by a h man or l vestoc

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8, 19 -0 -0 , modified – “by a h man or l vestoc ” re laces “by

a p rson or an animal”]

3.9

touc c r ent

electric c r ent p s in throu h a h man b d or throu h lvestoc when it tou hes one or

more ac es ible p rts of an in tal ation or of eq ipment

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8/AMD1:2 01, 19 -0 -21, modified – “ hrou h l vestoc ”

re laces “ hrou h an animal b d ”]

3.10

in ulation

set of pro erties whic c aracterize the a i ty of an in ulation to provide its fu ction

Note 1 to e try: Ex mple of rele a t pro ertie are: re ista c , bre k own v lta e

Note 2 to e try: In ulatio c n b a s ld, a lq id or a g s (e.g air), or a y c mbin tio

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-151:2 01, 151-15-4 , modified – Note 2 to entry ad ed]

3.10.1

basic ins lation

in ulation of hazardou -l ve-p rts whic provides b sic protection

Note 1 to e try: This c n e t d e n t a ply to in ulatio u e e clu iv ly for fu ctio al p rp s s

Note 1 to e try: Reinforc d in ulatio ma c mpris s v ral la ers whic c n ot b te te sin ly a b sic

in ulatio or s p leme tary in ulatio

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -19 :19 8, 19 -0 -0 , modified – provides “a degre ” of …, deleted]

3.1

non-con ucting environment

provision where y a h man or l vestoc tou hin an exp sed-con u tive-p rt that has

b come hazardou -l ve is protected by the hig imp dan e of his en ironment (e.g in ulatin

wal s an flo rs) an by the a sen e of e rthed con u tive p rts

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8, 19 -0 -21, modified – “animal” re laced by “l vestoc ”]

3.12

(electrical y) protective obstacle

p rt preventin u intentional contact by a h man or l vestoc with a l ve p rt, but not

preventin s c contact by del b rate action

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8, 19 -0 -16, modified – "direct contact" re laced by "contact"

an ”by a h man or l vestoc with a l ve p rt” introd ced]

3.13

(electrical y) protective bar ier

p rt providin protection again t contact by a h man or l vestoc with a l ve p rt from an

u ual direction of ac es

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8, 19 -0 -15, modified – "direct contact" re laced by "contact"

an “by a h man or l vestoc with a l ve p rt” … introd ced]

3.14

(electrical y) protective enclos re

electrical en los re s r ou din internal p rts of eq ipment to prevent ac es to a l ve-p rt

from an direction

Note 1 to e try: In a ditio , a e clo ure g n raly pro id s prote tio a ain t intern l or e tern l influ n e , e.g

in re s of d st or water or pre e tio of me h nic l d ma e

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8, 19 -0 -14, modified – "hazardou l ve-p rts" re laced by "a

3.15

arm's re c

zone of ac es ibi ty to tou h exten in from an p int on a s rface where p rson u ual y

stan or move a out to the lmits whic a p rson can re c with the han , in an direction,

eq ip tential b n in for the purp ses of safety (e.g protection again t electric s oc )

Note 1 to e try: Fu ctio al e uip te tialb n in is d fin d in IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8, 19 -01-16

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8, 195-01-15, modified – “ e.g protection again t electric

s oc )” introd ced an Note 1 to entry ad ed]

3.16.2

equipotential bondin terminal

terminal provided on eq ipment or on a device an inten ed for the electric con ection with

the eq ip tential b n in s stem

DEPRECATED: phase con u tor (in AC s stems)

DEPRECATED: p le con u tor (in DC s stems)

con u tor whic is energized in normal o eration an ca a le of contributin to the

tran mis ion or distribution of electric energ but whic is not a neutral or mid-p int con u tor

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8, 19 -0 -0 ]

3.16.1

neutral cond ctor

con u tor electrical y con ected to the neutral p int an ca a le of contributing to the

distribution of electric energy

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -19 :19 8, 19 -01-01, modified – Note deleted]

3.17.3

(local) e rth

(local) grou d (US)

p rt of the Earth whic is in electric contact with an e rth electrode an the electric p tential

of whic is not neces ari y eq al to zero

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8, 19 -01-0 ]

3.17.4

e rth electrode

grou d electrode (US)

con u tive p rt, whic may b emb d ed in a sp cific con u tive medium, e.g con rete or

coke, in electric contact with the Earth

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8, 19 -0 -01]

3.17.5

e rthing conductor

grou din con u tor (US)

con u tor whic provides a con u tive p th, or p rt of the con u tive p th, b twe n a given

p int in a s stem or in an in tal ation or in eq ipment an an e rth electrode

e rthin a p int or p ints in a s stem or in an in tal ation or in eq ipment for purp ses of

electrical safety

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -19 :19 8/AMD1:2 01, 19 -01-1 ]

3.17.8

fu ctional e rthing

fu ctional grou din (US)

e rthin a p int or p ints in a s stem or in an in tal ation or in eq ipment for purp ses other

than electrical safety

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -19 :19 8, 19 -0 -10, modified – “in the event of a fault” re laces “in

case of a fault” an Note 1 to entry ad ed]

con u tive p rt that en loses or se arates electric circ its an /or con u tors

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8/AMD1:2 01, 19 -0 -3 ]

3.21

(electrical y) protective s re n

(electrical y) protective s ield (US)

con u tive s re n (s ield) u ed to se arate an electric circ it an /or con u tors from

hazardou -l ve-p rts

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8/AMD1:2 01, 19 -0 -17]

3.2

(electrical y) protective s re ning

(electrical y) protective s ieldin (US)

se aration of electric circ its or con u tors from hazardou -l ve-p rts by an electrical y

protective s re n con ected to the protective-eq ip tential-b n in s stem an inten ed to

provide protection again t electric s oc

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8/AMD1:2 01, 19 -0 -18]

– b sic in ulation an electrical y protective s re nin (s ieldin ); or

– reinforced in ulation

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8/AMD1:2 01, 19 -0 -19]

3.2

(electrical) se aration

protective me s re in whic hazardou -l ve-p rts are in ulated from al other electric circ its

an parts, from local e rth an from tou h

extra-low voltage

ELV

voltage not ex e din the maximum value of the prosp ctive tou h voltage whic is p rmited

to b maintained in efinitely u der sp cified con ition of external influen es

3.2 1

SELV s stem

electric s stem in whic the voltage can ot ex e d the value of extra-low voltage:

– u der normal con ition an

– u der sin le fault con ition , in lu in e rth faults in other electric circ its

Note 1 to e try: S LV is th a bre iatio for s fety e tra-low v lta e

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -8 6:2 0 , 8 6-12-31]

3.2 2

PELV s stem

electric s stem in whic the voltage can ot ex e d the value of extra-low voltage:

– u der normal con ition an

– u der sin le fault con ition , ex e t e rth faults in other electric circ its

Note 1 to e try: P LV is th a bre iatio for prote tiv e tra-low v lta e

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -8 6:2 0 , 8 6-12-3 ]

3.2

protection by l mitation of ste dy-state touc c r ent an electric c arge

protection again t electric s oc by electric circ it or eq ipment desig so that u der normal

an fault con ition the ste d -state c r ent an electric c arge are l mited to b low a

hazardou level

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-8 6:2 0 , 8 6-12-34, modified – "ste d -state c r ent" re laced by

"ste d -state tou h c r ent"]

3.2

l mited-c r ent source

device s p lyin electrical energ in an electric circ it

– with protective-se aration from hazardou -l ve-p rts, an

– whic en ures that the ste dy-state tou h c r ent an c arge are l mited to non-hazardou

levels, u der normal an fault con ition

3.2

protective impedance device

comp nent or as embly of comp nents whose imp dan e an con tru tion lmit ste d -

state-tou h c r ent an electric c arge to non-hazardou levels

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-8 6:2 0 , 8 6-12-3 , modified – “are inten ed to” l mit … deleted]

3.3

(electrical y) s i led person

p rson with relevant ed cation an exp rien e to ena le him or her to p rceive ris s an to

avoid hazard whic electricity can cre te

(electrical y) instructed person

p rson adeq ately ad ised or s p rvised by electrical y s i ed p rson to ena le him or her

to p rceive ris s an to avoid hazard whic electricity can cre te

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8/AMD1:2 01, 19 -0 -0 ]

[SOURCE: IEC 6 0 0-19 :19 8, 19 -0 -12, modified – “, whic is con idered to b the stride

len th of a p rson” …deleted an Note 1 to entry ad ed]

electric c r ent in an u inten ed con u tive p th u der normal con ition

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -19 :19 8, 19 -0 -15, modified – "u inten ed" re laces "u wanted"]

3.3

stationary equipment

fixed eq ipment or electric eq ipment not provided with a car yin han le an havin s c a

mas that it can ot e si y b moved

Note 1 to e try: Th v lu of this ma s is minimum 18 k in IEC sta d rd relatin to h u e old a pla c s

[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -8 6:2 0 , 8 6-16-0 , modified – "minimum" ad ed to Note 1 to entry]

3.3

protective conductor c r ent

electric c r ent a p arin in a protective con u tor, s c as le kage c r ent or electric

c r ent res ltin from an in ulation fault

fu ction inten ed to dis on ect and maintain for re son of safety adeq ate cle ran e from

every source of electric energ

3.4

impulse withstand voltage

p ak value of impulse voltage of pres rib d form an p larity whic do s not cau e

bre k own of in ulation u der sp cified con ition

in e en ent provision inten ed to protect again t electric s oc u der sp cified con ition

Note 1 to e try: Th pro isio ma b a me n or te h iq e or d vic or pro e s

Electric s oc is defined as the ph siological ef ect res ltin from an electric c r ent p s in

throu h a h man b d or lvestoc The phy iological ef ect mig t b harmful (s c as

ventric lar fibri ation, burn , asph xiation), se 4.2 to 4.5, or non-harmful (s c as mu c lar

For hig -voltage in tal ation , s stems an eq ipment, enterin the dan er zone is

con idered the same as tou hin hazardou -l ve-p rt

Protection u der normal con ition (se 4.2) is provided by b sic protection Protection u der

sin le- ault con ition (se 4.3) is provided by fault protection Ad itional protection is

sp cified as p rt of a protective me s re (se 4.4), where a pl ca le

En an ed protective provision (se 4.3.3) provide protection u der b th normal an sin l

e-fault con ition

4.2 Normal con itions

To me t the fu damental rule for protection again t electric s oc u der normal con ition ,

b sic protection, as sp cified in this stan ard, is neces ary

The req irements for provision for b sic protection are given in 5.2

In order to provide req irements for in tal ation an for eq ipment, the fol owin b n s are

where protection again t electric s oc is en ured by b sic protection an in general also

fault protection

Extra-low-voltage (ELV) is a p rt of the LV b n

When ELV is a pl ed, fault protection may not b ne ded, an u der certain con ition

b sic protection is provided by l mitation of voltage These con ition in lu e contact are ,

moisture, voltage, c r ent, an others defined for p rtic lar a pl cation

Ta le 1 sp cifies the diferent voltage lmits for the a ove mentioned b n s

The values in Ta le 1 are b sed on the fol owin con ition :

The up er lmit of ELV of 12 V d.c has for man ye rs b en agre d by con ention However,

dif erent en ironmental an contact situation as des rib d in IEC TS 6 4 9-1 cau e diferent

values of tou h c r ent, for a given voltage Also the waveform of the c r ent an the p th

taken throu h the b d stron ly influen es the level of dan er Therefore, tec nical

commit e s are req ested to con ider very careful y whether an ELV value les than 12 V

d.c mig t b neces ary for their sp cific stan ard

4.3 Single- ault condition

Sin le faults s al b con idered, if they would

– cau e an ac es ible, non-hazardou -l ve-p rt to b come a hazardou -l ve-p rt (e.g d e to

fai ure to l mit the ste d -state tou h c r ent an c arge); or

– cau e an ac es ible con u tive p rt whic is not l ve u der normal con ition to b come a

hazardou -l ve-p rt (e.g d e to fai ure of b sic in ulation to exp sed-con u tive-p rts); or

– cau e a hazardou -l ve-p rt to b come ac es ible (e.g by mec anical fai ure of an

en los re)

To me t the fu damental rule u der sin le- ault con ition , fault protection, an in certain

cases ad itional protection, is neces ary This protection can b ac ieved by

– a further protective provision, in e en ent of that for b sic protection (se 4.3.2), or

– an en an ed protective provision (se 4.3.3) whic provides b th b sic an fault

protection,

takin ac ou t of al relevant influen es

The req irements for provision for fault protection are given in 5.3

4.3.2 Protection by inde endent protective provisions

Eac of the in e en ent protective provision s al b desig ed so that a fai ure is u l kely

u der con ition sp cified by the relevant tec nical commit e

The in e en ent protective provision s al have no influen e on e c other s c that a

fai ure of one of the protective provision could imp ir another

Simultane u fai ure of in e en ent protective provision is u l kely an ne d not normal y b

taken into con ideration Rel an e is placed on the u afected protective provision remainin

ef ective

4.3.3 Protection by an enhanced protective provision

The pro erties of an en an ed protective provision s al b s c that the same contin ed

ef ectivenes of protection as provided by two in e en ent protective provision is ac ieved

Req irements for en an ed protective provision are given in 5.4

4.4 Additional protection

If the inten ed u e impl es an in re sed in erent ris , e.g for are s with a low-imp dan e

contact of p rson with e rth p tential, tec nical commit e s s al con ider the p s ible ne d

to sp cify ad itional protection Su h ad itional protection may b provided in the in tal ation,

in the s stem or in the eq ipment

Sin le fault con ition res ltin in one or multiple s bseq ent fai ures s al b con idered as

a sin le fault con ition

4.5 Protection against electric burns

Tec nical commite s s al sp cify me s res to protect again t electric burn in their

stan ard

An electric burn can b cau ed where a c r ent of s f icient den ity an d ration flows

throu h the h man b d or l vestoc Arc can also cau e burn

The ef ects can b severe even if only a smal p rt of the b d is in olved

NOT 1 De p-s ate b rn a d oth r intern l injurie , or s rfa e b rn c n o c r

NOT 2 Te h ic l informatio o ele tric b rn c n b fo n in IEC T 6 4 9-1 a d me s reme t te h iq e in

Cur ent flowin throu h a h man b d without b in directly harmful may cau e situation

whic are in on enient or hazardou (s c as res lts of startle re ction)

This may con ern thres old of p rce tion or thres old of p in or he t sen ation

4.6.2 Mus ular re ction

In olu tary mu c lar contraction are l kely to oc ur, when c r ents throu h the h man b d

or l vestoc are flowin in the ran e of are s AC-2 of the time/c r ent zones, for a.c 15 Hz to

10 Hz, an in the ran e of are s DC-2 of the time/c r ent zones, for d.c ac ordin to

IEC TS 6 4 9-1

For alternatin c r ent with a freq en y not ex e din 10 Hz, or for a direct c r ent with

rip le not ex e din 10 %, the tou h voltage thres old for re ction s al not ex e d the

If other en ironmental con ition , s c as salt water wet, water wet or immersed are

con idered, these values may b red ced, de en in also on the c r ent p th throu h the

4.6.3 Ef ects of touc c r ent of dis harge of electrostatic c arges

Startle re ction are l kely to oc ur when c r ents res ltin from electrostatic dis harge are

flowin in the h man b d or lvestoc

4.6.4 Thermal ef ects

He t sen ation can b exp rien ed, when even smal values of c r ent are flowin throu h

the h man b d or l vestoc The efect may b more evident at hig er freq en ies

Efects s c as rise in blo d pres ure, immo i zation, disturb n es of formation an

con u tion of cardiac impulses (in lu in atrial fibri ation an tran ient rh thm disturb n es)

may oc ur

5 Protective provisions (eleme ts of protective meas res)

5.1 General

Subclau es 5.2 to 5.5 give an overview of the dif erent protective provision Protective

me s res res lt from a s ita le combination of them The stru ture of typical protective

me s res is des rib d in Clau e 6

Al protective provision s al b desig ed an con tru ted to b efective d rin the

anticip ted l fetime of the in tal ation, of the s stem or of the eq ipment when u ed as

inten ed an pro erly maintained

The en ironment s al b taken into ac ou t by u e of the clas ification of external influen es

as des rib d in the IEC 6 7 1 series an for testin in the IEC 6 0 8 series At ention is

p rtic larly drawn to the ambient temp rature, cl matic con ition , presen e of water,

mec anical stres es, ca a i ty of p rson an are of contact of p rson or l vestoc with

e rth p tential

Tec nical commit e s s al take ac ou t of the req irements for in ulation co rdination For

low-voltage in tal ation , s stems an eq ipment these req irements are fou d in the

IEC 6 6 4 series whic also gives dimen ionin rules for cle ran es (in air) an cre p ge

distan es as wel as dimen ionin g idan e for sol d in ulation For hig -voltage in tal ation ,

s stems an eq ipment, the req irements are fou d in IEC 6 0 1-1 an IEC 6 0 1-2

5.2 Provisions for basic protection

5.2.1 General

Basic protection s al con ist of one or more provision that, u der normal con ition , prevent

contact with hazardou -l ve-p rts

NOT Paints, v rnis e , la q ers a d simiar pro u ts alo e are g n raly n t c n id re to pro id a e u te

in ulatio for prote tio a ain t ele tric s o k in n rmal s rvic

Subclau es 5.2.2 to 5.2.9 sp cify some in ivid al provision for b sic protection

5.2.2.2 Where b sic in ulation is provided by air, ac es to hazardou -l ve-p rts or

enterin the dan er zone s al b prevented by o stacles, protective b r iers or en los res as

sp cified in 5.2.3 an 5.2.4 or by placin out of arm's re c as sp cified in 5.2.5

5.2.3 Protective bar iers or en los res

5.2.3.1 Protective b r iers or en los res s al prevent:

– in the case of low-voltage in tal ation an eq ipment, ac es to hazardou -l ve-p rts by

providin a degre of protection again t electric s oc of at le st IPXXB or IP2X of

IEC 6 5 9 an , for re di y ac es ible horizontal to s rfaces of protective b r iers or

en los res, at le st IPXXD or IP4X

– in the case of hig -voltage in tal ation an eq ipment, enterin the dan er zone by

providin a degre of protection of at le st IPXXB or IP2X of IEC 6 5 9, an

con ideration s al b given to providin a degre of protection of at le st IPXXD or IP4X

for re di y ac es ible horizontal to s rfaces of protective b r iers or en los res

NOT Th IP c d a ple to th e clo ure of ele tric l e uipme t of rate v lta e n t e c e in 7 ,5 kV

5.2.3.2 Protective b r iers or en los res s al have s ficient mec anical stren th, sta i ty

an d ra i ty to maintain the sp cified degre of protection, taking ac ou t of al relevant

influen es from the en ironment an from in ide the en los re They s al b firmly sec red

in place

5.2.3.3 Where the desig or con tru tion al ows for the removal of protective b r iers, the

o enin of en los res or the removal of p rts of en los res, ac es to hazardou -l ve-p rts or

enterin the dan er zone s al b p s ible only

– by the u e of a key or to l, or

– af er isolation of hazardou -l ve-p rts from the s p ly circ it where the enclos re would no

longer provide protection, restoration of the s p ly s al b come p s ible only af er

re lacement of protective b r iers or p rts of en los res or af er the closin of do rs, or

– where an intermediate b r ier sti maintain the req ired degre of protection, s c

b r ier b in remova le only by the u e of a key or to l

NOT Se als Cla s 8

5.2.4 Obstacles

5.2.4.1 Obstacles are inten ed to protect s i ed or in tru ted p rson but their u e is not

p rmited for the protection of ordinary p rson

5.2.4.2 Durin the o eration of the in talation, s stem or eq ipment u der sp cial

o eratin an servicin con ition (se Clau e 8), o stacles s al prevent:

– in the case of low-voltage in tal ation an eq ipment, u intentional contact with

hazardou -l ve-p rts, or

– in the case of hig -voltage in tal ation an eq ipment, u intentional enterin the dan er

zone

5.2.4.3 Obstacles may b remova le without u in a key or to l but s al b so sec red as

to make u intentional removal u l kely

5.2.4.4 Where a con u tive o stacle is se arated from hazardou -l ve-p rts by b sic

in ulation only, it is con idered to b an exp sed-con u tive-p rt, an me s res for fault

protection (se Clau e 6) s al also b a pl ed

5.2.5 Placing out of arm's re c

5.2.5.1 Where provision sp cified in 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 5.2.6 an 5.2.7 are fou d to b

not a pl ca le, placin out of arm's re c may b a pro riate to prevent

– in the case of low-voltage in tal ation an eq ipment, u intentional simultane u ac es

– in the case of hig -voltage in tal ation an eq ipment, u intentional enterin into the

dan er zone

Detai s s al b sp cified by tec nical commite s

For low-voltage in tal ation , p rts that are se arated by a distan e of more than 2,5 m are

normal y con idered not to b simultane u ly ac es ible Where ac es is restricted to s i ed

or in tru ted p rson , red ced distan es may b sp cified

5.2.5.2 Where a distan e is exp cted to b red ced by o jects whic a p rson u es or

hold in the han , s c as a to l or a lad er, tec nical commite s s al sp cify relevant

restriction , or an a pro riate distan e b twe n con u tive p rts b twe n whic a hazardou

voltage can exist

b) the safety level is eq ivalent to that for SELV or PELV an s p l ed by one of the

fol owin sources:

1) a safety isolatin tran former;

NOT Safety is latin tra sformers are th s th t c mply with IEC 615 8-2-6

2) a source of c r ent providin a degre of safety eq ivalent to that of a safety isolatin

tran former (e.g motor generator);

3) electroc emical (e g b t ery)

It s al b ac nowled ed that the precise value of this voltage l mit de en s on a gre t

n mb r of influen in factors (s c as en ironmental con ition , contact are )

5.2.7 Limitation of ste dy-state touc c r ent and energ

Limitation of ste d -state tou h c r ent an energ is a provision where y tou h c r ents or

energ is l mited to non-dan erou values

It s al prevent p rson or l vestoc from b in s bjected to values of ste dy-state tou h

c r ent an energ la le to b a ove the values given in Clau e 5

a) For tou h c r ent, the fol owin values are pro osed:

– a ste d -state c r ent flowin b twe n simultane u ly ac es ible con u tive p rts not

ex e din the thres old of p rce tion, 0,5 mA a.c or 2 mA d.c u der normal

o eratin con ition ;

– values not ex e din the thres old of p in 3,5 mA a.c or 10 mA d.c may b sp cified

u der a normal or fault con ition

b) For stored energ avai a le b twe n simultane u ly ac es ible con u tive p rts, the

fol owin values are pro osed ac ordin to Fig re 19 of IEC TS 6 4 9-2:2 0 :

– 0,5 mJ cor esp n in to the thres old of p in; an

Values for other freq en ies, for other waveforms an for a.c with s p rimp sed d.c are

pro erly con idered when me s red with the a pro riate IEC 6 9 0 fi tered tou h c r ent

circ it

NOT Me ic l ele tric l e uipme t within th s o e of th IEC 6 6 1 s rie c n n c s itate oth r le els

5.2.8 Potential grading

In the case of hig -voltage in tal ation an eq ipment, p tential gradin s al prevent

p rson or lvestoc from hazardou ste an tou h voltages u der normal con ition by

providin a p tential gradin e rth electrode

NOT Pote tial gra in is ty ic ly u e for ele tric l raiwa s stems a d s b tatio s, wh re hig e rth c re ts

o c r

5.2.9 Other provisions for basic protection

An other provision for b sic protection s al comply with the req irements of 4.1 for

protection again t electric s oc

5.3 Provisions for fault protection

Fault protection s al con ist of one or more provision(s) in e en ent of an ad itional to

those for b sic protection

Subclau es 5.3.2 to 5.3.9 sp cify in ivid al provision for fault protection

Protective-eq ip tential-b n in is a provision where y items are b n ed together to avoid

hazardou tou h voltages

The protective-eq ip tential-b n in s stem s al con ist of one or a s ita le combination of

two or more of the elements b low:

– protective-eq ip tential-b n in in eq ipment, se Clau e 7;

– e rthed or u e rthed protective-eq ip tential-b n in in the in talation;

– protective con u tor (PE);

– PEN, PEL or PEM con u tor;

– protective s re n;

– e rthed p int of the source or artificial neutral p int;

– e rth electrode (in lu in e rth electrodes for p tential gradin );

– e rthin con u tor

The eq ip tential b n in s stem of a hig -voltage in tal ation or s stem s al b con ected

ste voltage an of exp sed-con u tive-p rts b comin lve d e to electrical dis harge The

imp dan e to e rth of the e rthin ar an ement s al b rated so that no hazardou tou h

voltage can oc ur Exp sed-con u tive-p rts, whic can b come l ve u der fault con ition ,

s al b con ected to the e rthin ar an ement

5.3.3.2 Ac es ible con u tive p rts whic could ac uire a hazardou ef ective tou h

voltage in the event of a fai ure of b sic protection, i.e exp sed-con u tive-p rts an any

protective s re n, s al b con ected to the protective-eq ip tential-b n in s stem

NOT A c n u tiv p rt of ele tric l e uipme t whic c n o ly b c me lv thro g c nta t with a e p s

d-c n u tiv -p rt whic h s b c me lv , is n t c n id re to b a e p s d-c n u tiv -p rt its lf

5.3.3.3 The protective-eq ip tential-b n in s stem s al b of s ficiently low imp dan e

to avoid hazardou p tential diferen e b twe n con u tive p rts in case of an in ulation

fai ure Where neces ary the protective-eq ip tential-b n in s stem s al b u ed in

as ociation with a protective device o erated by the fault c r ent (se 5.3.6) The maximum

dif eren e in p tential an its d ration s al b b sed on IEC TR 6 4 9-5

This may neces itate con ideration of the relative imp dan e values of the diferent elements

of a protective-eq ip tential-b n in s stem

The dif eren e in p tential ne d not b con idered if the imp dan e of the circ it l mits the

ste d -state tou h c r ent in the case of a sin le fault so that it can ot ex e d

3,5 mA a.c r.m.s or 10 mA d.c when me s red in ac ordan e with IEC 6 9 0

In some en ironments or situation , e.g medical location (se lmit values in IEC 6 6 1-1),

hig ly con u tive location , wet are s an simi ar are s, the lmit values ne d to b lower

5.3.3.4 Al p rts of the protective-eq ip tential-b n in s stem s al b so dimen ioned

that thermal an dy amic stres es whic are l kely to oc ur do not imp ir the c aracteristic

of the protective-eq ip tential-b n in s stem, e.g as a con eq en e of a fai ure or brid in

of basic in ulation

5.3.3.5 Al p rts of the protective-eq ip tential-b n in s stem s al b ca a le of

with tan in al internal an external influen es (in lu in mec anical, thermal an cor osive)

whic may b exp cted

5.3.3.6 Mova le con u tive con ection , e.g hin es an sl des, s al not b con idered to

b p rts of a protective-eq ip tential-b n in s stem u les complan e with the req i

re-ments of 5.3.3.3, 5.3.3.4 an 5.3.3.5 is maintained

5.3.3.7 Where a comp nent of an in tal ation, s stem or eq ipment is inten ed to b

removed, the protective-eq ip tential-b n in for an other p rt of the in tal ation, s stem or

eq ipment s al not b inter upted when removin the comp nent u les the electrical s p ly

to the other p rt is first dis on ected

5.3.3.8 With the ex e tion des rib d in 5.3.3.9, no element of the protective-eq ip tential

-b n in s stem s al contain an device whic mig t re sona ly b exp cted to bre k the

electrical contin ity or introd ce sig ificant imp dan e

This req irement may be disp n ed with by tec nical commite s for the verification of the

contin ity of protective con u tors or for me s rin of the c r ent of the protective con u tor

5.3.3.9 Where elements of the protective-eq ip tential-b n in s stem can b inter upted

by the same coupler or plu -an -soc et outlet device as the relevant s p ly con u tors, the

protective-eq ip tential-b n in s stem s al not b inter upted b fore the s p ly con u tors

The protective-eq ip tential-b n in s al b re-esta l s ed not later than when the s p ly

con u tors are recon ected These req irements do not a ply where inter uption an

recon ection are p s ible only with the eq ipment in de-energized con ition

In hig -voltage in tal ation , s stems an eq ipment, the protective-eq ip tential-b n in

s stem s al not b inter upted b fore the main contact has re c ed an isolatin distan e

whic can with tan the eq ipment rated impulse with tan voltage

5.3.3.10 Con u tors of the protective-eq ip tential-b n in s stem, whether in ulated or

b re, s al b re di y distin uis a le by s a e, location, markin or colour, ex e t those

con u tors whic can ot b dis on ected without destru tion, e.g in wire-wra an simi ar

wirin in electronic eq ipment an trac s on printed wirin b ard If identification by colour is

u ed, it s al b in ac ordan e with IEC 6 4 5

Con u tors u ed only for fu ctional e rthin s al not have in ulation coloured gre n-an

-yel ow

5.3.4 Protective s re ning

Protective s re nin s al con ist of a con u tive s re n interp sed b twe n hazardou -l

ve-p rts of an in tal ation, s stem or eq ipment an the p rt b in protected The protective

s re n

– s al b con ected to the protective-eq ip tential-b n in s stem of the in tal ation,

s stem or eq ipment an that intercon ection s al comply with the req irements of 5.3.3,

an

– s al itself comply with the req irements for elements of protective-eq ip tential-b n in

s stem, se 5.3.3.3, 5.3.3.4 an 5.3.3.5

5.3.5 In ication and dis onnection in high-voltage instal ations and s stems

A device s al b provided whic in icates a fault De en in on the method of neutral

e rthin , the fault c r ent s al b dis on ected either man al y or automatical y (se 5.3.6)

The p rmis ible value of the tou h voltage de en in on the fault d ration s al b sp cified

by tec nical commit e s b sed on IEC TS 6 47 -1

5.3.6 Automatic dis on ection of s p ly

5.3.6.1 General

For automatic dis on ection of s p ly

– a protective-eq ip tential-b n in s stem s al b provided, an

– a protective device o erated by the fault c r ent s al dis on ect the l ne con u tor(s)

s p lyin the eq ipment, s stem or in tal ation, in the event of a fault of negl gible

imp dan e b twe n a l ne con u tor an an exp sed-con u tive-p rt or a protective

con u tor in the circ it or eq ipment

For low-voltage a pl cation , devices for protection again t electric s oc by automatic

dis on ection of s p ly s al b s ita le for isolation ac ordin to 8.4 For hig -voltage se

8.4.3

5.3.6.2 The protective device s al inter upt the fault c r ent within a time sp cified by

tec nical commite s b sed on the IEC 6 4 9 series For low-voltage in tal ation , the time to

b sp cified de en s on the prosp ctive tou h voltage prod ced acros the protecti

ve-eq ip tential-b n in

For ste d -state fault c r ents whic , with regard to protection again t electric s oc , ne d

not le d to dis on ection, a con entional tou h voltage l mit U

L

may b sp cified

5.3.6.3 The protective device may b provided in an s ita le upstre m p rt of the

in tal ation, s stem or eq ipment, prefera ly at the origin of the circ it to b protected, an

s al b selected takin into ac ou t the c aracteristic of the s p ly an the lo d, an of the

imp dan e of the fault c r ent lo p

5.3.7 Simple se aration (betwe n circ its)

Simple se aration b twe n a circ it an other circ its or e rth s al b ac ieved by b sic

in ulation throu hout, rated for the hig est voltage present

A comp nent con ected b twe n the se arated circ its s al with tan the electric stres es

sp cified for the in ulation whic it brid es an its imp dan e s al l mit the prosp ctive

c r ent flow throu h the comp nent to the ste d -state tou h c r ent values in icated in 5.2.7

5.3.8 Non-conducting environment

The en ironment s al have an imp dan e to e rth of at le st

– 5 kΩ if the nominal s stem voltage do s not ex e d 5 0 V a.c or d.c

– 10 kΩ if the nominal s stem voltage is a ove 5 0 V a.c or d.c an do s not ex e d

Potential gradin may b u ed by in tal ation of ad itional e rth electrodes to red ce the

tou h voltage an ste voltage whic a p ar in the case of a fault

NOT Earth ele tro e are u u ly b rie at a h riz ntal dista c of 1 m from th e uipme t or a y c n u tiv

p rt, at a d pth of 0,5 m b low gro n le el a d are c n e te to th e rthin ara g me t

5.4.2 Reinforced ins lation

Reinforced in ulation s al b desig ed to b a le to with tan electric, thermal, mec anical

an en ironmental stres es with the same rel a i ty of protection as provided by double

in ulation (b sic in ulation an s p lementary in ulation, se 3.10.1 an 3.10.2, resp ctively)

This req ires desig an test p rameters more severe than those sp cified for b sic

in ulation (se IEC 6 6 4-1)

NOT 1 As a e ample for low-v lta e a plc tio s, dime sio in of reinforc d in ulatio with re ard to imp ls

v lta e is, wh re th c n e t of o erv lta e c te orie (s e Cla s 4 3 of IEC 6 3 4-4-4 :2 0 ) a ple ,

s e ifie to c mply with th re uireme ts of th o erv lta e c te ory whic is o e c te ory hig er th n th t

s e ifie for b sic in ulatio

NOT 2 Reinforc d in ulatio is mainly u e in low-v lta e in talatio s a d e uipme t b t th a plc tio is n t

e clu e in hig -v lta e in talatio s a d e uipme t

5.4.3 Protective se aration betwe n circ its

Protective se aration b twe n a circ it an other circ its s al b ac ieved by me n of

– b sic in ulation an s p lementary in ulation, e c rated for the hig est voltage present,

i.e double in ulation, or

– reinforced in ulation (se 5.4.2) rated for the hig est voltage present, or

– protective s re nin (se 5.3.4) with the protective s re n b in se arated from e c

adjacent circ it by b sic in ulation rated for the adjacent circ it voltage (se also 6.6), or

– a combination of these provision

If con u tors of the se arated circ it are contained together with con u tors of other circ its

in a multi-con u tor ca le or in another groupin of con u tors, they s al b in ulated,

in ivid al y or col ectively, for the hig est voltage present, so that double in ulation is

ac ieved

If an comp nent is con ected b twe n the se arated circ its, that comp nent s al comply

with the req irements for protective impedan e devices, se 5.4.5

The protective imp dan e device s al with tan the electric stres es sp cified for the

in ulation whic it brid es

These req irements a ply also to an lkely faiure of a sin le comp nent of the protective

5.4.6 Other provisions for enhanced protection

An other en an ed protective provision for b th b sic protection an fault protection s al

comply with the req irements of 4.1 for protection again t electric s oc

a) b sic protection is provided by one of the provision of 5.2.2 (b sic in ulation) or 5.2.3

(protective bar iers or en los res), an /or

b) fault protection is provided by one of the provision of 5.3.3 (protective-eq ip tential

-b n in ) an 5.3.6 (automatic dis on ection of s p ly)

This protective provision is recog ized as ad itional protection in the event of fai ure of the

provision for b sic protection an /or the provision for fault protection, or careles nes by

u ers

Devices for ad itional protection s al dis on ect the l ve con u tors by providin an isolatin

distan e ac ordin to 8.4

Resid al c r ent monitorin devices (RCMs) are not con idered to b protective devices

5.5.2 Additional protection by s pplementary equipotential bondin

Ad itional protection by s p lementary eq ip tential b n in is a provision where y

dan erou tou h voltages are avoided by b n in of items

Sup lementary eq ip tential b n in is provided as an ad itional protective provision where

a) b sic protection is provided by one of the provision of 5.2.2 (b sic in ulation) or 5.2.3

(protective b r iers or en los res), an

b) fault protection is provided by protective e rthin , protective eq ip tential b n in (5.3.3)

an automatic dis on ection in the event of a fault (5.3.6)

This protective provision wi help avoid hazardou voltages b twe n exp sed-con u ti

ve-p rts an extrane u -con u tive-p rts whic can b tou hed simultane u ly

6 Protective meas res

6.1 General

Clau e 6 des rib s the stru ture of typical protective me s res, in icatin in some cases

whic protective provision(s) are for b sic protection, for fault protection an for ad itional

protection

More than one of the fol owin protective me s res (se from 6.2 to 6.1 ) may b u ed within

the same in tal ation, s stem or eq ipment b th u der normal o eratin con ition an u der

sin le fault con ition

The u e of ELV other than that in ac ordan e with 6.7 an 6.8 is not a protective me s re

6.2 Protection by automatic dis onnection of s pply

Automatic dis on ection of s p ly s al con ist of a combination of the fol owin protective

provision :

– b sic protection is provided by b sic in ulation, or protective b r iers or en los res

b twe n hazardou -l ve-p rts an exp sed-con u tive-p rts; an

– fault protection is provided by automatic dis on ection of s p ly

Automatic dis on ection of s p ly req ires, ac ordin to 5.3.6, a protective-eq ip tential

-b n in s stem as sp cified in 5.3.3 The relevant maximum dis on ection times can b

derived from IEC 6 3 4-4-41

6.3 Protection by double or reinforced in ulation

Protective me s re in whic

– b sic protection is provided by b sic in ulation of hazardou -l ve-p rts an fault protection

is provided by s p lementary in ulation,

– fault protection is provided by a protective eq ip tential b n in s stem preventin

hazardou voltages b twe n simultane u ly ac es ible exp sed an extrane u

-con u tive-p rts

6.5 Protection by electrical se aration

Electrical se aration is ac ieved where the folowin con ition are met:

– b sic protection is provided by b sic in ulation b twe n hazardou -l ve-p rts an

exp sed-con u tive-p rts of the se arated circ it; an

– fault protection is provided

• by simple se aration of the se arated circ it from other circ its an e rth, an

• by a protective-eq ip tential-b n in intercon ectin exp sed-con u tive-p rts of the

se arated circ it where more than one item of eq ipment is con ected to the

se arated circ it This protective-eq ip tential-b n in s stem s al not b e rthed

Intentional con ection of exp sed-con u tive-p rts to a protective e rthin con u tor or to an

e rthin con u tor is not p rmit ed

NOT Ele tric l s p ratio is mainly u e in low-v lta e in talatio s a d e uipme t b t th a plc tio is n t

e clu e in hig -v lta e in talatio s a d e uipme t

6.6 Protection by non-condu tin en ironment (low-voltage)

Protective me s re in whic

– b sic protection is provided by b sic in ulation b twe n hazardou -l ve-p rts an

exp sed-con u tive-p rts, an

6.7 Protection by SELV s stem

Protective me s re in whic protection is provided by

– lmitation of voltage in a circ it to ELV l mits as defined in Ta le 1( he SELV s stem), an

– protective se aration of the SELV s stem from al circ its other than SELV an PELV, an

– simple se aration of the SELV s stem from other SELV s stems, from PELV s stems an

from e rth

Intentional con ection of exp sed-con u tive-p rts to a protective con u tor or to an e rthin

con u tor is not p rmited

In sp cial location where SELV is req ired an where protective s re nin ac ordin to 5.3.4

is a pl ed, the protective s re n s al b se arated from e c adjacent circ it by b sic

in ulation inten ed for the hig est voltage present

6.8 Protection by PELV s stem

Protective me s re in whic protection is provided by:

– lmitation of voltage in a circ it to ELV l mits as defined in Ta le 1 an the circ it may b

e rthed an /or the exp sed-con u tive-p rts of whic may b e rthed ( he PELV s stem);

an

– protective se aration of the PELV s stem from al circ its other than SELV an PELV

If the PELV circ it is e rthed an if protective s re nin ac ordin to 5.3.4 is u ed, it is not

neces ary to provide b sic in ulation b twe n the protective s reen an the PELV s stem

NOT Wh re lv p rts of th P LV s stem are a c s ible simulta e u ly with c n u tiv p rts whic , in c s of

a fa lt, c uld a s me th p te tial of th primary circ it, prote tio a ain t ele tric s o k d p n s o prote tiv

-e uip te tial-b n in b twe n al s c c n u tiv p rts

6.9 Protection by l mitation of ste dy-state tou h c r ent and c arge

Protective me s re in whic protection is provided by

– s p ly of a circ it:

• from a l mited c r ent source, or

• throu h a protective imp dan e device,

– b sic protection by b sic in ulation ac ordin to 5.2.2 or 5.2.3; an /or

– fault protection by one of the provision of 5.3.3, 5.3.6 or 5.3.10

The RCD for ad itional protection s al b s ita le for isolation

6.10.2 Additional protection by s pplementary protective equipotential bonding

Sup lementary protective-eq ip tential-b n in is u ed in ad ition to

– b sic protection by b sic in ulation b twe n hazardou -l ve-p rts an exp sed

-– fault protection by one of the provision of 5.3.2, 5.3.3 or 5.3.10

by a plyin protective-eq ip tential-b n in to avoid hazardou voltages b twe n exp sed

-con u tive-p rts an extrane u -con u tive-p rts whic can b tou hed simultane u ly

6.1 Protection by other me s res

An other protective me s re s al comply with the req irements of 4.1 for protection again t

electric s oc an provide b sic protection an fault protection

7 Co-ordination between electrical equipment and protectiv provisions within

an electrical instal ation

7.1 General

Protection is ac ieved by a combination of the con tru tional ar an ements for the eq ipment

an devices, together with the method of in tal ation Tec nical commit e s are recommen ed

to u e the protective me s res des rib d in Clau e 6

Cur ent u in eq ipment s al b clas ified in ac ordan e with the clas es of 7.2 to 7.5 The

u e of protective provision in the several clas es of eq ipment is des rib d in 7.2 to 7.5 (se

also Ta le 3)

If it is not a pro riate to clas ify eq ipment an devices in this way, tec nical commite s

s al then sp cify the relevant method of in talation for their prod cts

For some eq ipment, the compl an e with the clas ification can b ac ieved only af er

in tal ation, e.g where the in tal ation prevents ac es to l ve p rts In this case, s ita le

in tru tion s al b provided by the man facturer or resp n ible ven or

Dif erent protective me s res a pled to the same in tal ation or p rt of an in tal ation or

within eq ipment s al have no influen e on e c other s c that fai ure of one protective

me s re could imp ir the other protective me s re or me s res

Ta le 3 – Appl cation of equipment in a low-voltage instal ation

c lo r c mbin tio gre n-y low

Co n ct this termin l to th prote tiv

Al con u tive p rts whic are not se arated from hazardou -l ve-p rts by at le st b sic

in ulation s al b tre ted as if they were hazardou -lve-p rts

Clas 0 s al only b u ed for eq ipment inten ed for con ection by me n of cord an plu

However it is recommen ed that prod ct commite s with raw clas 0 from their prod ct

stan ard

7.3 Clas I equipment

Eq ipment with at le st one provision for b sic protection an a con ection to a protective

con u tor as provision for fault protection

7.3.2 In ulation

Al con u tive p rts whic are not se arated from hazardou -l ve-p rts by at le st b sic

in ulation s al b tre ted as if they were hazardou -l ve-p rts This also a pl es to

con u tive p rts whic are se arated by b sic in ulation but whic are con ected to

hazardou -l ve-p rts throu h comp nents whic are not desig ed for the same stres es as

sp cified for basic in ulation

Con u tive p rts whic can b tou hed are not exp sed-con u tive-p rts if they are

se arated from hazardou -l ve-p rts by protective se aration

7.3.4 Ac es ible s rfaces of p rts of ins lating material

If the eq ipment is not completely covered with con u tive p rts, the fol owin a pl es to

ac es ible p rts of in ulatin material:

Ac es ible s rfaces of p rts of in ulatin material whic

– are desig ed to b grasp d, or

– are l kely to come into contact with con u tive s rfaces whic could distribute hazardou

p tential, or

– can come into sig ificant contact (are more than 5 mm × 5 mm) with a p rt of the

h man b d , or

– are to b u ed in are s where the p l ution is hig ly con u tive,

s al b se arated from hazardou -l ve-p rts by

– double or reinforced in ulation, or

– b sic in ulation an protective s re nin , or

– a combination of these provision

Al other ac es ible s rfaces of p rts of in ulatin material s al b se arated from

hazardou -l ve-p rts by at le st b sic in ulation For eq ipment inten ed to b p rt of the

fixed in tal ation, the b sic in ulation s al b provided either by the man facturer or d rin

in tal ation as sp cified by the man facturer or resp n ible ven or in his in tru tion

These req irements are de med to b compl ed with if the ac es ible p rts of in ulatin

Tec nical commit e s may imp se more strin ent req irements than b sic in ulation for

certain ac es ible p rts of in ulatin material (e.g whic ne d to b tou hed freq ently, s c

as o eratin me n ), takin into ac ou t the are of the contact s rface with the h man b dy

7.3.5 Connection of a protective conductor

7.3.5.1 The me n of con ection, ex e t for plu -an -soc et con ection , s al b cle rly

identified either with the gra hical s mb l IEC 6 417-5 19:2 0 -0 , or with the leters PE, or

by the bi-colour combination of gre n an yel ow ac ordin to IEC 6 4 5 The in ication s al

not b placed on or fixed by s rews, was ers or other p rts whic mig t b removed when

con u tors are b in con ected

7.3.5.2 For flexible ca le con ected eq ipment, in lu in fixed an plu -an -soc et typ s,

provision s al b made s c that the protective con u tor in the cord s al, in case of fai ure

of the strain-rel ef mec anism, b the last con u tor to b inter upted

7.4 Clas I equipment

Clas I eq ipment comprises eq ipment with

– b sic in ulation as provision for b sic protection, an

– s p lementary in ulation as provision for fault protection,

– se arated from hazardou l ve-p rts by double or reinforced in ulation, or

– desig ed with con tru tional ar an ements providin eq ivalent protection, e.g a

protective imp dan e device

For eq ipment inten ed to b p rt of the fixed in tal ation, this req irement s al b fulfi ed

when the eq ipment is pro erly in tal ed This me n that the in ulation (b sic,

s p lementary or reinforced) an the protective imp dan e, if relevant, s al b provided

either by the man facturer or d rin in tal ation as sp cified by the man facturer or

resp n ible ven or in his in tru tion

Ar an ements providin eq ivalent fault protection may b defined by tec nical commite s

alon with req irements a pro riate to the nature of the eq ipment an its a pl cation

7.4.2.2 Al con u tive p rts whic are se arated from hazardou -l ve-p rts by b sic

in ulation only or by con tru tional ar an ements providin eq ivalent protection s al b

se arated from the ac es ible s rface by s p lementary in ulation or by con tru tional

ar an ements providin eq ivalent protection

Al con u tive p rts whic are not se arated from hazardou -l ve-p rts by at le st b sic

in ulation s al b tre ted as if they were hazardou -l ve-p rts, i.e they s al b sep rated

from the ac es ible s rface in ac ordan e with 7.4.2.1

7.4.2.3 The en los re s al not contain any s rews or other fixin me n of in ulatin

material where these s rews or other fixin me n ne d to b removed or are lkely to b

removed d rin in tal ation an maintenan e an where the re lacement of whic by metal c

s rews or other fixin me n could imp ir the in ulation req ired

7.4.2.4 The in ulation of clas I eq ipment s al comply with 5.1.6 of IEC 6 6 4-1:2 0

7.4.3 Protective bon ing

7.4.3.1 Clas I eq ipment s al not have a provision for con ection to a protective

con u tor ex e t for a pl cation ac ordin to 7.4.3.2

7.4.3.2 Where a clas I eq ipment is provided with me n for maintainin the contin ity

of a protective con u tor, but in al other resp cts is con tru ted as clas I eq ipment, s c

me n s al b in ulated in ac ordan e with 7.4.2.1

Con u tive p rts en losed in the in ulatin en los re s al not b con ected to a protective

con u tor However, provision may b made for con ectin protective con u tors whic ru

throu h the en los re In ide the en los re, any s c con u tors an their terminals s al b

in ulated as thou h they were l ve p rts, an their terminals s al b marked as PE terminals

7.4.3.3 Clas I eq ipment may b provided with me n for con ection to e rth for

fu ctional (as distin t from protective) purp ses only where s c a ne d is recognized in the

relevant IEC stan ard Su h me n s al b in ulated from l ve p rts by double or reinforced

in ulation The me n for fu ctional e rthin s al have a distin tive markin from the me n

for protective e rthin an s al not b con ected by a con u tor identified as PE in

ac ordan e with IEC 6 4 5

NOT A fu ctio al e rthin c n b u e for e ample for EMC p rp s s

7.4.4 Marking

Clas I eq ipment, in lu in eq ipment complyin with 7.4.3.1, s al b marked with the

gra hical s mb l of IEC 6 417-517 :2 0 -0 , placed adjacent to the s p ly information, e.g

on the ratin plate, in s c a way that it is o viou that the s mb l is p rt of the tec nical

information an can in no way b confu ed with the man facturer's name or other

identification mark

Where a clas I eq ipment has a fu ctional e rthin terminal, this terminal s al b identified

with the gra hical s mb l IEC 6 417-5 18: 2 1 -0

7.5 Clas I eq ipment

Eq ipment relyin on lmitation of voltage to ELV values as provision for b sic protection an

with no provision for fault protection

7.5.2 Voltages

7.5.2.1 Eq ipment s al b desig ed for a maximum nominal voltage not ex e din 5 V

a.c or 12 V d.c (rip le- re )

NOT 1 Rip le-re is c n e tio aly d fin d a a r.m.s rip le v lta e of n t more th n 10 % of th d.c

c mp n nt Ma imum v lu s for n n-sin s id l a.c v lta e are u d r c n id ratio

NOT 2 Ac ordin to Cla s 414 of IEC6 3 4-4-41:2 0 , cla s I e uipme t is a c pte o ly for c n e tio to

S LV a d P LV s stems

Tec nical commit e s s ould determine the maximum p rmit ed rated voltage of their

prod cts in ac ordan e with IEC TS 612 1 an the sp cified con ition of u e of these

7.5.2.2 Internal circ its may o erate at an nominal voltage whic do s not ex e d the

l mits sp cified in 7.5.2.1

7.5.2.3 In case of a sin le fault within the eq ipment, no ste d -state tou h voltage whic

may a p ar or b generated s al ex e d the l mits sp cified in 7.5.2.1

7.5.3 Protective bon ing

Clas I I eq ipment s al not b provided with a me n of con ection for a protective

con u tor The eq ipment may however b provided with me n for con ection to e rth for

fu ctional (as distin t from protective) purp ses where s c a need is recog ized in the

relevant IEC stan ard In any case, provision for the con ection of l ve p rts to e rth s al not

b made in the eq ipment

The mean for fu ctional e rthin s al have a distin tive from that u ed for a me n for

protective e rthin an s al not b con ected by a con u tor identified as PE in ac ordan e

with IEC 6 4 5

7.5.4 Marking

The eq ipment s al b marked with the gra hical s mb l of IEC 6 417-518 :2 0 -0 This

req irement do s not a ply where the me n of con ection to the s pply is so s a ed that it

can only mate ex lu ively with a p rtic larly desig ed SELV or PELV s p ly ar an ement

7.6 Tou h c r ents, protective condu tor c r ents

Subclau e 7.6 is a pl ca le only to low-voltage in tal ation , s stems an eq ipment

The req irements of 7.6 take into ac ou t eq ipment inten ed to b s p l ed by plu an

soc et outlet s stems, or by a p rmanent con ection, or the case of stationary eq ipment

NOT Th efe ts of le k g c re t are c re tly n t c n id re in this sta d rd

7.6.2 Tou h c r ents

Me s res s al b taken so that when ac es ible p rts are tou hed u der normal con ition,

the tou h c r ent do s not ex e d the thres old of p rce tion as in icated in IEC TS 6 4 9-1

The tou h c r ents s al b me s red ac ordin to IEC 6 9 0 Where ad itional tou h c r ent

is al owed u der fault con ition , prod ct commite s s al sp cifical y identify in their

stan ard the con ition an the ad itional c r ent al owed

NOT 1 Se Fig re 2 of IEC T 6 4 9-1:2 0 for a.c 5 Hz a d/or 6 Hz a d Fig re 2 for d.c

NOT 2 Valu s for fre u n ie u to 10 kHz c n b o tain d from Fig re 1 a d 4 of IEC 6 4 9-2:2 0 For

fre u n ie a o e 10 kHz, s e 4.4 of IEC 6 4 9-2:2 0

7.6.3 Protective cond ctor c r ents

7.6.3.1 General

Me s res s al b taken in the in tal ation an in eq ipment to prevent ex es ive protective

con u tor c r ents imp irin safety or normal u e of the electrical in tal ation

Tec nical commit e s s al determine that the cor ect o eration of protective devices, e.g

RCDs an CBs, is not af ected by the protective con u tor c r ent generated by prod cts or

s stems u der their s o e

Man facturers s al make avai a le information on the value an c aracteristic of the

other than 5 Hz an /or 6 Hz prod ct commit e s are en ouraged to u e the lowest

practica le values of protective con u tor c r ent lmits

7.6.3.2 Requirements for the prevention of ex es ive protective condu tor c r ents

of c r ent using equipment

Electrical eq ipment whic cau es, u der normal con ition , a c r ent to flow in the protective

con u tor of its s p ly, s al b comp tible with protective provision

7.6.3.3 Limits of a.c components of protective cond ctor c r ents of c r ent using

eq ipment

The l mit values for protective con u tor c r ents u der normal o eratin con ition as given

by Ta le 4 are a pl ca le to low-voltage c r ent u in eq ipment s p led at rated

For c r ent u in eq ipment for p rmanent con ection inten ed to b con ected to a

reinforced protective con u tor ac ordin to 7.6.3.5, prod ct commite s s ould state the

maximum values for the protective con u tor c r ent, whic in no case s al ex e d 5 % of

the rated input c r ent p r phase

Me s rements s al b car ied out on eq ipment as del vered

7.6.3.4 Limits of d.c components of protective cond ctor c r ent

In normal u e, a.c c r ent u in eq ipment s al not generate c r ent with a d.c comp nent

in the protective con u tor that ex e d the values in Ta le 5 This wi prevent afectin the

prop r fu ctionin of protective device(s) or other eq ipment in the in tal ation

Plu ga le electrical eq ipment with a rated input ≤ 4 kVA s al b desig ed to have protective

con u tor c r ent with a smo th s p rimp sed d.c c r ent comp nent lmited to ≤ 6 mA

For plu ga le electrical eq ipment with a rated input > 4 kVA an p rmanently con ected

electrical eq ipment in e en ent of the rated input s al contain in the o eratin man al

ad ice a out the protective me s re

In case of d.c protective con u tor c r ents > 6 mA, s ita le protective devices s al b