Iec 60376 2005

NORME INTERNATIONALE CEI IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 60376 Deuxième édition Second edition 2005 06 Spécifications de la qualité technique de l''''hexafluorure de soufre (SF6) pour utilisation dans les app[.]

Propriétés électriques

Ce gaz est fortement électronégatif (c'est-à-dire qu’il a tendance à attirer les électrons libres)

Il possède une unique combinaison de propriétés physiques: forte rigidité diélectrique

At 20 °C, the material exhibits an electric field strength of 89 V/m/Pa, which is approximately three times greater than that of air It also demonstrates a strong arc interruption capability, roughly ten times that of air, and possesses a high thermal transfer capacity, about twice that of air.

Il est utilisé avec succès pour la coupure des arcs et l’isolement électrique en haute et moyenne tension depuis les années 1960

1 Les chiffres entre crochets se réfèrent à la bibliographie

LICENSED TO MECON Limited - RANCHI/BANGALORE FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY, SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU.

Electrical equipment encompasses items utilized for the generation, conversion, transmission, distribution, or utilization of electrical energy This includes electric machines, transformers, switchgear, controlgear, measuring instruments, protective devices, wiring systems, and current-using equipment.

SF 6 gas having a very low level of impurities in accordance with Table 1

3.3 container any kind of cylinder suitable for pressurized SF 6

NOTE This general term will be used throughout the text

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) is a gas at room temperature (20 °C) and standard pressure (100 kPa), with a density of 6.07 kg/m³, making it approximately five times denser than air It can be liquefied through compression due to its critical temperature of 45.54 °C For detailed pressure, temperature, and density relationships, refer to IEC 61634.

SF 6 is colourless, odourless and non-toxic It is normally transported as a liquefied gas in containers

Caution is essential when handling sulfur hexafluoride, as it is non-toxic but does not support life Equipment containing this gas should only be accessed with proper ventilation Additionally, due to its higher density than air, low-lying areas such as trenches may accumulate significant concentrations of the gas, necessitating precautions to prevent asphyxiation.

SF6 is utilized in electrical equipment for electricity transmission and distribution, including gas-insulated substations, ring main units, circuit breakers, transformers, and cables Additionally, it serves non-electric applications in metallurgy, electronics, and scientific equipment.

The gas exhibits strong electronegativity, effectively attracting free electrons It possesses exceptional physical properties, including a high dielectric strength of 89 V/m/Pa at 20 °C, which is approximately three times greater than that of air Additionally, it demonstrates superior interruption capabilities, being about ten times more effective than air, and boasts enhanced heat transfer characteristics, roughly double that of air.

It has been successfully used for current interruption and insulation in both HV power transmission and MV distribution equipment since the 1960s

1 Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography

Compatibilité

L’hexafluorure de soufre de qualité technique est chimiquement inerte et thermiquement stable [2] à température normale

Up to approximately 180 °C, this gas is compatible with metals used in electrical construction, similar to nitrogen While it can be used at higher temperatures, SF₆ may decompose, especially in the presence of catalysts The by-products generated can be incompatible with certain materials, necessitating specific studies for these use cases.

5 Niveaux maximums d’impuretés acceptables pour le SF 6 de qualité technique

The gas available in the market contains impurities The maximum levels of impurities present in SF6 are outlined in the technical quality standard, as shown in Table 1 This table also references analytical methods for measuring impurity quantities, specifying the corresponding levels of accuracy.

NOTE Les manipulations et le stockage du gaz peuvent introduire accidentellement des impuretés Ce risque est décrit dans la CEI 60480

Tableau 1 – Niveaux maximums d’impuretés acceptables

Contenu Spécification Méthodes d’analyse (Liste indicative et non exhaustive)

Absorption infra rouge 35 mg/kg

Mesure de la densité 10 mg/kg

CF 4 2 400 mg/kg [note 2] Chromatographie en phase gazeuse

Mesure gravimétrique 0,5 mg/kg[note 5]

Mesure du point de rosée 1 °C Mesure photométrique < 2 mg/kg Huile minérale 10 mg/kg

Mesure gravimétrique 0,5 mg/kg [note 5]

1 mg/kg [note 4] Titrage 0,2 mg/kg

NOTE 1 2 g/kg est équivalent à 1 % en volume dans des conditions normales (100 kPa et 20 °C [1])

NOTE 2 2 400 mg/kg sont ộquivalents à 4 000 àl/l dans des conditions normales (100 kPa et 20 °C [1])

NOTE 3 25 mg/kg (25 mg/kg) sont ộquivalents à 200 àl/l et à un point de rosộe de -36 °C, dans des conditions normales (100 kPa et 20 °C [1])

NOTE 4 1 mg/kg est ộquivalent à 7,3 àl/l dans des conditions normales (100 kPa et 20 °C [1])

NOTE 5 Dépend de la taille de l’échantillon

Due to the maximum impurity levels allowed in SF₆, the quantity of SF₆ in a container (measured in liquid phase) must exceed 99.7% by mass Alternative methods exist for measuring this value without separating the various impurities; however, these methods cannot be classified as analytical techniques (for example, measuring the speed of sound).

Technical grade sulphur hexafluoride is chemically inert and thermally stable [2] at normal temperatures

At temperatures up to approximately 180 °C, SF₆ gas exhibits compatibility with metals commonly used in electrical construction, akin to nitrogen While operation at elevated temperatures is feasible, SF₆ may decompose, especially in the presence of catalytic materials, leading to by-products that could be incompatible with certain construction materials Each case should be evaluated individually.

5 Maximum acceptable impurity levels for technical grade SF 6

Commercial sulfur hexafluoride often contains impurities, with maximum impurity levels specified in Table 1 This table also outlines suitable analytical methods for measuring these impurity levels, along with the acceptable accuracy for each measurement.

NOTE Further handling and storage of the gas and operation of equipment may introduce additional quantities of impurities This situation is covered in IEC 60480

Table 1 – Maximum acceptable impurity levels

Analytical methods (for indication only, not exhaustive)

Infrared absorption method 35 mg/kg

CF 4 2 400 mg/kg [note 2] Gas-chromatographic method 9 mg/kg

Gravimetric method 0,5 mg/kg[note 5]

Dew point method 1 °C Photometric method < 2 mg/kg

Gravimetric method 0,5 mg/kg [note 5]

1 mg/kg [note 4] Titration 0,2 mg/kg

NOTE 1 2 g/kg is equivalent to 1 % vol under ambient conditions (100 kPa and 20 °C [1])

NOTE 2 2 400 mg/kg is equivalent to 4 000 àl/l under ambient conditions (100 kPa and 20 °C [1])

NOTE 3 25 mg/kg (25 mg/kg) is equivalent to 200 àl/l and to a dew point of –36 °C, measured at ambient conditions (100 kPa and 20 °C [1])

NOTE 4 1 mg/kg is equivalent to 7,3 àl/l under ambient conditions (100 kPa and 20 °C [1])

NOTE 5 Depending on the sample size

Due to the maximum impurity levels that can be present in SF 6 , the SF 6 amount in a container

The weight percentage of the liquid phase must exceed 99.7% Alternative methods, such as measuring the speed of sound, can provide this value without isolating various impurities, but these are not classified as analytical methods.

6 Aspects environnementaux, hygiène et sécurité

Aspects environnementaux

Remarques générales

Human activity significantly affects the environment, with the impact of a specific activity varying based on its scale and the product involved Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has distinct environmental characteristics that are outlined below Due to these properties, SF6 poses unique challenges for environmental management.

SF 6 doit être utilisé de manière à respecter l’environnement et en évitant tout rejet non maợtrisộ dans l’atmosphốre

The actual impact of SF6 used in electrical equipment must consider the complete functionality of the equipment, specifically the environmental load of the system at full capacity This can be assessed through the entire life cycle of the equipment, as outlined in ISO 14040.

Caractéristiques environnementales du SF6

SF6 is an inert gas that has very low solubility in water, posing no threat to surface waters or groundwater Additionally, it does not accumulate biologically within the nutritional cycle.

6.1.2.2 Appauvrissement de la couche d’ozone

Le SF 6 ne participe pas à la destruction de l’ozone stratosphérique

6.1.2.3 Réchauffement de la planète (effet de serre)

SF6 has a very long atmospheric lifetime and a high global warming potential (GWP) The GWP values for a product vary based on the calculation method and mathematical model used It is advisable to refer to the most recently published value by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).

Due to its environmental characteristics, SF6 must be implemented in a way that prevents any uncontrolled emissions into the atmosphere This environmentally responsible approach will be applied throughout the design, development, production, filling, maintenance, recycling, and end-of-life processes of the equipment.

The GWP value of SF6 alone is insufficient for assessing the environmental impact of electrical power equipment designed to operate with SF6 technology A comprehensive evaluation of the total environmental impact must be conducted from a holistic perspective, considering not only the components but also the system definition, as outlined in ISO 14040.

6.1.2.4 Fin de vie du SF 6

At the end of its life cycle, when SF₆ is no longer technically or economically recyclable, it can be destroyed through incineration in compliance with local regulations.

6 Environmental, health and safety aspects

Human activities significantly influence the environment, with the extent of impact varying based on the scale and materials used Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) possesses specific environmental traits that necessitate its careful use, ensuring that any intentional release into the atmosphere is avoided and that it is utilized in an environmentally responsible manner.

The true environmental impact of SF6 in electrical equipment must be assessed by considering the complete functionality of the power system This comprehensive evaluation can be conducted through a life cycle assessment, as outlined in ISO 14040.

SF 6 is an inert gas As its solubility in water is very low, it presents no danger to surface and ground water or the soil A biological accumulation in the nutrition cycle does not occur

SF 6 does not contribute to the destruction of stratospheric ozone

SF 6 persists in the atmosphere for a long time and has a high global warming potential

(GWP) The values reported are dependent on the evaluation methods It is recommended that reference be made to IPCC (International panel for climate change) updated documents

To ensure environmental safety, SF6 must be handled carefully to prevent any intentional release into the atmosphere throughout its lifecycle, including development, design, production, filling, servicing, maintenance, recovery, and disposal.

The Global Warming Potential (GWP) of SF₆ is insufficient for assessing the environmental impact of electric power equipment utilizing SF₆ technology A comprehensive evaluation of the environmental impact must consider a global perspective, incorporating all components and system design solutions in accordance with ISO 14040 standards.

6.1.2.4 End of life of SF 6

At its end of life (i.e when it is no longer technically and economically recyclable), SF 6 can be destroyed by incineration in compliance with local regulations

Utilisation du SF6 en accord avec le respect de l’environnement

Des procộdures de bonnes pratiques doivent ờtre dộfinies pour maợtriser la mise en œuvre du

SF 6 et éviter toute émission délibérée de SF 6 dans l’atmosphère (voir CEI 61634)

L’étanchéité des équipements doit être conforme aux normes de produit appropriées de la

La régénération et le recyclage du SF 6 doivent être effectués conformément à la CEI 60480 et à la CEI 61634

6.1.3.4 Fin de vie des équipements

Se référer à la CEI 61634 (Article 6).

Hygiène et sécurité

Remarques générales

Le SF 6 est un gaz inodore, insipide, incolore et non toxique Il est chimiquement stable à température ambiante et ininflammable

La fiche de données de sécurité (FDS) doit être obligatoirement fournie par le fournisseur de produit.

Toxicité

Il est de la responsabilité du fournisseur de garantir la non-toxicité du SF 6 , tout en prenant en compte les réglementations locales et les règles de l’art connues.

Réduction d’oxygène

SF6 is a gas that is approximately five times heavier than air, and if released in large quantities in the workplace, it can accumulate in low-lying areas.

Cela a pour conséquence, le déplacement de l’air et la raréfaction de l’oxygène respirable

If the concentration of breathable oxygen falls below 16% (IEC 61634), there is a risk of asphyxiation for anyone in that area High-risk zones include poorly or unventilated spaces beneath the floor, such as cable ducts, trenches, inspection hatches, and drainage systems.

After a period of relying on air movement or ventilation, SF6 will once again disperse into the ambient air, and its concentration will reach an acceptable level for resuming work.

Mécanique

In many electrical applications, the pressure of SF6 gas used exceeds atmospheric pressure, necessitating special precautions during equipment handling to protect personnel from the risks associated with mechanical failure It is essential to adhere to local safety regulations concerning pressurized gas devices.

6.1.3 Environmentally compatible use of SF 6

Proper handling procedures shall be defined and implemented to limit any release of SF 6 into the environment wherever possible (see IEC 61634)

Gas tightness of equipment shall be proven according to the relevant IEC product standards

Reclaiming and recycling of sulfur hexafluoride shall be carried out according to IEC 60480 and IEC 61634

6.1.3.4 End of life of equipment

SF 6 is odourless, tasteless, colourless and non-toxic It is chemically stable at room temperature and is non-flammable

A material safety data sheet (MSDS) shall be provided by the supplier

It is the supplier’s responsibility to guarantee that the SF 6 supplied is non-toxic, taking into account the local regulations and state-of-the-art knowledge

SF 6 gas is about five times heavier than air and, if released in large quantities into the working environment may accumulate in low-lying areas In doing so the air is displaced and consequently, the quantity of available oxygen will fall

Oxygen concentrations below 16% (IEC 61634) pose a significant asphyxiation risk for personnel in specific environments Areas particularly at risk include underground locations, poorly ventilated spaces, and confined structures like cable ducts, trenches, inspection pits, and drainage systems.

Over time, due to air movement and ventilation, SF₆ will mix with the surrounding air, leading to a decrease in its local concentration to acceptable levels.

In various electrical applications, SF₆ gas is used at pressures exceeding atmospheric levels, necessitating special precautions during equipment handling to protect workers from potential mechanical failure risks Compliance with local safety regulations for pressure vessels is essential.

Gelures

When SF6 gas is rapidly released under pressure, its sudden expansion can cause the temperature to drop significantly, potentially falling below 0°C An individual exposed to a gas jet during equipment filling, without proper protective clothing such as work overalls, safety shoes, gloves, and a face shield, risks severe frostbite.

Procédures de manipulation du gaz

SF6 must be handled when a) the gas is introduced into electrical equipment, b) the gas is pressurized within a closed system, and c) a sample is taken for analysis.

Lorsque le gaz doit être soutiré d’une enveloppe, une procédure spécifique de manipulation doit être définie et utilisée pour éviter toute émission de SF 6 dans l’atmosphère (voir

Manipulation du gaz

Une attention particulière doit être apportée lorsque le SF 6 est transféré dans un équipement électrique pour éviter la contamination du gaz.

Stockage

Containers are utilized for the storage and transportation of SF₆ gas It is the supplier's responsibility to provide SF₆ in suitable containers that comply with local regulations and international transport regulations.

Toutefois, les robinets des conteneurs doivent être correctement protégés La masse d'hexafluorure de soufre (en kg) doit être inscrite sur chaque cylindre

Les conteneurs contenant du SF 6 doivent être stockés dans un endroit frais et bien ventilé

Special attention must be given to the fill rate of each container, considering their design pressure and the maximum ambient temperature to which the containers may be exposed.

Electrical properties

The gas exhibits strong electronegativity, effectively attracting free electrons It possesses a remarkable set of physical properties, including a high dielectric strength of 89 V/m/Pa at 20 °C, which is approximately three times greater than that of air Additionally, it demonstrates exceptional interruption capabilities, being about ten times more effective than air, and superior heat transfer characteristics, roughly double that of air.

It has been successfully used for current interruption and insulation in both HV power transmission and MV distribution equipment since the 1960s

1 Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography

L’hexafluorure de soufre de qualité technique est chimiquement inerte et thermiquement stable [2] à température normale

Up to approximately 180 °C, this gas is compatible with metals used in electrical construction, similar to nitrogen While it can be used at higher temperatures, SF₆ may decompose, especially in the presence of catalysts The by-products generated can be incompatible with certain materials, necessitating specific studies for these use cases.

5 Niveaux maximums d’impuretés acceptables pour le SF 6 de qualité technique

The gas available in the market contains impurities The maximum levels of impurities present in SF6 are outlined in the technical quality standard, as shown in Table 1 This table also references analytical methods for measuring impurity quantities, along with the corresponding precision levels.

NOTE Les manipulations et le stockage du gaz peuvent introduire accidentellement des impuretés Ce risque est décrit dans la CEI 60480

Tableau 1 – Niveaux maximums d’impuretés acceptables

Contenu Spécification Méthodes d’analyse (Liste indicative et non exhaustive)

Absorption infra rouge 35 mg/kg

Mesure de la densité 10 mg/kg

CF 4 2 400 mg/kg [note 2] Chromatographie en phase gazeuse

Mesure gravimétrique 0,5 mg/kg[note 5]

Mesure du point de rosée 1 °C Mesure photométrique < 2 mg/kg Huile minérale 10 mg/kg

Mesure gravimétrique 0,5 mg/kg [note 5]

1 mg/kg [note 4] Titrage 0,2 mg/kg

NOTE 1 2 g/kg est équivalent à 1 % en volume dans des conditions normales (100 kPa et 20 °C [1])

NOTE 2 2 400 mg/kg sont ộquivalents à 4 000 àl/l dans des conditions normales (100 kPa et 20 °C [1])

NOTE 3 25 mg/kg (25 mg/kg) sont ộquivalents à 200 àl/l et à un point de rosộe de -36 °C, dans des conditions normales (100 kPa et 20 °C [1])

NOTE 4 1 mg/kg est ộquivalent à 7,3 àl/l dans des conditions normales (100 kPa et 20 °C [1])

NOTE 5 Dépend de la taille de l’échantillon

Due to the maximum impurity levels allowed in SF₆, the quantity of SF₆ in a container (measured in liquid phase) must exceed 99.7% by mass Alternative methods exist for measuring this value without separating the various impurities; however, these methods cannot be classified as analytical techniques (for example, measuring the speed of sound).

Compatibility

Technical grade sulphur hexafluoride is chemically inert and thermally stable [2] at normal temperatures

At temperatures up to approximately 180 °C, SF₆ gas exhibits compatibility with metals commonly used in electrical construction, akin to nitrogen While operation at elevated temperatures is feasible, SF₆ may decompose, especially in the presence of catalytic materials, leading to by-products that could be incompatible with certain construction materials Each situation should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

5 Maximum acceptable impurity levels for technical grade SF 6

Commercial sulfur hexafluoride often contains impurities, with maximum impurity levels specified in this standard as technical grade sulfur hexafluoride Table 1 outlines these impurity levels along with suitable analytical methods for measuring them and the acceptable accuracy for these measurements.

NOTE Further handling and storage of the gas and operation of equipment may introduce additional quantities of impurities This situation is covered in IEC 60480

Table 1 – Maximum acceptable impurity levels

Analytical methods (for indication only, not exhaustive)

Infrared absorption method 35 mg/kg

CF 4 2 400 mg/kg [note 2] Gas-chromatographic method 9 mg/kg

Gravimetric method 0,5 mg/kg[note 5]

Dew point method 1 °C Photometric method < 2 mg/kg

Gravimetric method 0,5 mg/kg [note 5]

1 mg/kg [note 4] Titration 0,2 mg/kg

NOTE 1 2 g/kg is equivalent to 1 % vol under ambient conditions (100 kPa and 20 °C [1])

NOTE 2 2 400 mg/kg is equivalent to 4 000 àl/l under ambient conditions (100 kPa and 20 °C [1])

NOTE 3 25 mg/kg (25 mg/kg) is equivalent to 200 àl/l and to a dew point of –36 °C, measured at ambient conditions (100 kPa and 20 °C [1])

NOTE 4 1 mg/kg is equivalent to 7,3 àl/l under ambient conditions (100 kPa and 20 °C [1])

NOTE 5 Depending on the sample size

Due to the maximum impurity levels that can be present in SF 6 , the SF 6 amount in a container

The weight percentage of the liquid phase must exceed 99.7% Alternative methods, such as measuring the speed of sound, can provide this value without isolating the various impurities, but these are not classified as analytical methods.

6 Aspects environnementaux, hygiène et sécurité

Human activity significantly affects the environment, with the impact of a specific activity varying based on its scale and the product involved Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has distinct environmental characteristics that are outlined below Due to these properties, SF6 poses unique challenges and considerations for environmental impact.

SF 6 doit être utilisé de manière à respecter l’environnement et en évitant tout rejet non maợtrisộ dans l’atmosphốre

The actual impact of SF6 used in electrical equipment must consider the complete functionality of the equipment, including the environmental load of the system at full capacity This can be assessed through the entire life cycle of the equipment, as outlined in ISO 14040.

SF6 is an inert gas that poses no threat to surface waters or groundwater due to its extremely low solubility in water Additionally, it does not accumulate biologically within the nutritional cycle.

6.1.2.2 Appauvrissement de la couche d’ozone

Le SF 6 ne participe pas à la destruction de l’ozone stratosphérique

6.1.2.3 Réchauffement de la planète (effet de serre)

SF6 has an extremely long atmospheric lifetime and a high global warming potential (GWP) The GWP values for a product vary based on the calculation method and mathematical model employed It is advisable to reference the most recently published value by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).

Due to its environmental characteristics, SF6 must be implemented in a way that prevents any uncontrolled emissions into the atmosphere This environmentally responsible approach will be applied throughout the design, development, production, filling, maintenance, recycling, and end-of-life processes of the equipment.

The GWP value of SF6 alone is insufficient for assessing the environmental impact of electrical power equipment designed to operate with SF6 technology A comprehensive evaluation of the total environmental impact must be conducted from a holistic perspective, considering not only the components but also the system definition, as outlined in ISO 14040.

6.1.2.4 Fin de vie du SF 6

At the end of its life cycle, when SF₆ is no longer technically or economically recyclable, it can be destroyed through incineration in accordance with local regulations.

6 Environmental, health and safety aspects

Environmental aspects

Introductory remarks

Human activities significantly influence the environment, with the extent of this impact varying based on the scale and materials used Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) possesses specific environmental properties that necessitate its careful handling to prevent intentional atmospheric release and ensure environmentally responsible usage.

The true environmental impact of SF6 in electrical equipment must be assessed by considering the overall functionality of the power system This comprehensive evaluation can be conducted through a life cycle assessment, as outlined in ISO 14040.

Environmental characteristics of SF 6

SF 6 is an inert gas As its solubility in water is very low, it presents no danger to surface and ground water or the soil A biological accumulation in the nutrition cycle does not occur

SF 6 does not contribute to the destruction of stratospheric ozone

SF 6 persists in the atmosphere for a long time and has a high global warming potential

(GWP) The values reported are dependent on the evaluation methods It is recommended that reference be made to IPCC (International panel for climate change) updated documents

To ensure environmental compatibility, SF 6 must be handled carefully to prevent any intentional release into the atmosphere throughout its development, design, production, filling, servicing, maintenance, recovery, and disposal processes.

The Global Warming Potential (GWP) of SF₆ is insufficient for assessing the environmental impact of electric power equipment utilizing SF₆ technology A comprehensive evaluation of the environmental impact must consider all components and system design solutions from a global perspective, in accordance with ISO 14040 standards.

6.1.2.4 End of life of SF 6

At its end of life (i.e when it is no longer technically and economically recyclable), SF 6 can be destroyed by incineration in compliance with local regulations

6.1.3 Utilisation du SF 6 en accord avec le respect de l’environnement

Des procộdures de bonnes pratiques doivent ờtre dộfinies pour maợtriser la mise en œuvre du

SF 6 et éviter toute émission délibérée de SF 6 dans l’atmosphère (voir CEI 61634)

L’étanchéité des équipements doit être conforme aux normes de produit appropriées de la

La régénération et le recyclage du SF 6 doivent être effectués conformément à la CEI 60480 et à la CEI 61634

6.1.3.4 Fin de vie des équipements

Se référer à la CEI 61634 (Article 6)

Le SF 6 est un gaz inodore, insipide, incolore et non toxique Il est chimiquement stable à température ambiante et ininflammable

La fiche de données de sécurité (FDS) doit être obligatoirement fournie par le fournisseur de produit

Il est de la responsabilité du fournisseur de garantir la non-toxicité du SF 6 , tout en prenant en compte les réglementations locales et les règles de l’art connues

SF6 is a gas that is approximately five times heavier than air, and if released in large quantities in the workplace, it can accumulate in low-lying areas.

Cela a pour conséquence, le déplacement de l’air et la raréfaction de l’oxygène respirable

If the concentration of breathable oxygen falls below 16% (IEC 61634), there is a risk of asphyxiation for anyone in that area High-risk zones include poorly or unventilated spaces beneath the floor, such as cable ducts, trenches, inspection hatches, and drainage systems.

After a period of reliance on air movement or ventilation, SF6 will once again disperse into the ambient air, and its concentration will reach an acceptable level for resuming work.

In many electrical applications, the pressure of SF6 gas used is higher than atmospheric pressure, necessitating special precautions during equipment handling to protect personnel from the risks associated with mechanical failure It is essential to adhere to local safety regulations concerning pressurized gas devices.

Environmentally compatible use of SF 6

Proper handling procedures shall be defined and implemented to limit any release of SF 6 into the environment wherever possible (see IEC 61634)

Gas tightness of equipment shall be proven according to the relevant IEC product standards

Reclaiming and recycling of sulfur hexafluoride shall be carried out according to IEC 60480 and IEC 61634

6.1.3.4 End of life of equipment

Health and safety

Toxicity

It is the supplier’s responsibility to guarantee that the SF 6 supplied is non-toxic, taking into account the local regulations and state-of-the-art knowledge.

Oxygen depletion

SF 6 gas is about five times heavier than air and, if released in large quantities into the working environment may accumulate in low-lying areas In doing so the air is displaced and consequently, the quantity of available oxygen will fall

Oxygen concentrations below 16% (IEC 61634) pose a significant risk of asphyxiation for personnel in specific environments Areas particularly at risk include underground locations, poorly ventilated spaces, and confined structures such as cable ducts, trenches, inspection pits, and drainage systems.

Over time, due to air movement and ventilation, SF₆ will mix with the surrounding air, leading to a decrease in its local concentration to acceptable levels.

Mechanical

In various electrical applications, SF₆ gas is used at pressures exceeding atmospheric levels, necessitating stringent safety measures during equipment handling to protect workers from potential mechanical failure risks Compliance with local safety regulations for pressure vessels is essential.

When SF6 gas is rapidly released under pressure, its sudden expansion can cause a significant drop in temperature, potentially falling well below 0°C An individual exposed to a gas jet during equipment filling may face severe frostbite risks if not properly equipped with protective clothing, including work suits, safety shoes, gloves, and safety visors to protect their eyes.

7.1 Procédures de manipulation du gaz

SF6 must be handled when a) the gas is introduced into electrical equipment, b) the gas is pressurized within a closed system, and c) a sample is taken for analysis.

Lorsque le gaz doit être soutiré d’une enveloppe, une procédure spécifique de manipulation doit être définie et utilisée pour éviter toute émission de SF 6 dans l’atmosphère (voir

Une attention particulière doit être apportée lorsque le SF 6 est transféré dans un équipement électrique pour éviter la contamination du gaz

Containers are utilized for the storage and transportation of SF₆ gas It is the supplier's responsibility to provide SF₆ in suitable containers that comply with local regulations and international transport regulations.

Toutefois, les robinets des conteneurs doivent être correctement protégés La masse d'hexafluorure de soufre (en kg) doit être inscrite sur chaque cylindre

Les conteneurs contenant du SF 6 doivent être stockés dans un endroit frais et bien ventilé

Special attention must be given to the fill rate of each container, considering their design pressure and the maximum ambient temperature to which the containers may be exposed.

The transportation of SF6 must comply with national and international regulations It is advisable for containers to be marked on the cylindrical part near the drain valve for identification purposes.

Le marquage des conteneurs doit être adapté conformément au mode de transport et doit être en accord avec les réglementations nationales et internationales

Freezing

Rapid release of compressed SF₆ gas leads to a significant drop in temperature, potentially falling below 0 °C Workers exposed to a gas jet during equipment filling face the risk of severe freezing burns To mitigate this hazard, it is essential for workers to wear protective clothing, including overalls, boots, gloves, and goggles for eye protection.

Gas handling procedures

Handling SF₆ is essential in several scenarios: when the gas is introduced into electrical equipment, when the gas pressure needs to be replenished in closed pressure systems, and when a sample is collected for analysis.

When the gas has to be removed from an enclosure, a proper handling procedure shall be defined and implemented to limit any release of SF 6 into the environment wherever possible

Gas handling

A particular care shall be paid to prevent contamination of SF 6 when it is transferred to the electrical equipment.

Storage

Containers are essential for the storage and transportation of SF₆ gas Suppliers must ensure that the gas is provided in suitable containers that comply with local and international transport regulations.

Nevertheless, containers shall have valves properly protected The mass of sulfur hexafluoride (in kg) has to be stated on each cylinder

Gas containers must be kept in cool, well-ventilated spaces It is crucial to consider the filling factor of these containers, factoring in their design pressure and the highest ambient temperature they may encounter.

Transportation

Transporting SF₆ must comply with both national and international regulations It is advisable to clearly label the containers at the valve end and, ideally, on the cylindrical body for better identification.

Specific labelling of containers shall be effected in accordance with the mode of transport and the national and international regulations

[1] Gas encyclopaedia, Elsevier editor, pp 7, 8

[2] Gmelin handbook of inorganic chemistry, 8 th Edition, Behrendt et al., Springer-verlag

[3] CEI 60694, Spécifications communes aux normes de l’appareillage à haute tension

_ FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY, SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU LICENSED TO MECON Limited - RANCHI/BANGALORE

[1] Gas encyclopaedia, Elsevier editor, pp 7, 8

[2] Gmelin handbook of inorganic chemistry, 8 th Edition, Behrendt et al., Springer-verlag

[3] IEC 60694, Common specifications for high-voltage switchgear and controlgear standards

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Tiêu đề	Specification of technical grade sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) for use in electrical equipment
Trường học	International Electrotechnical Commission
Chuyên ngành	Electrical Equipment Standards
Thể loại	Standards document
Năm xuất bản	2005

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