Presentation2 un￭ t1 ĐỊA CHẤT CÔNG TRÌNH

Slide 1 Practice Why are you studying English? Which areas are the most difficult for you? Which are the easiest? What do you enjoy about learning English? What do you want to improve in English? WORK[.]

Practice

1 Why are you studying English?

2 Which areas are the most difficult for

you? Which are the easiest?

3 What do you enjoy about learning

English?

4 What do you want to improve in

English?

WORK AND LEISURE

They are working/ discussing

They GET TOGETHER at the workshop.

A place to relax (climbing a

mountain)

People relax IN the

swimming pool

Do the Gardening

to relax

Get away (to relax at the

People get together at the party and play skateboarding ['skeit,bɔ:diη]

How to relax using

a deep breath

Going to the Leisure center = playing

basketball

Leisure for

playing tennis Leisure for

swimming

Relax in the park / unwind at

the sea = (going windsurfing)

Going to Spa and

Unwind after a

busy day (a cottage

in the countryside)

Time to unwind (in the garden)

Musicians bands

Household chores

Wash the windows – wash

the car

do the laundry (clothes) and

do the dishes

Pay bills Real men iron

clothes

Vacuum the rug or the carpet

Do exercises daily

 Wash [wɔ∫]

 Do [du:]

 Take out [teik aut]

 Mop [mɔp] / sweep [swi:p]

How do you relax?

What do you do to unwind?

 Instrument ['instrumənt] (n) = musical tool

(guitar, drum, violin …)

 Chat (v) = to talk in a friendly informal way

to sb

Ex : my kids spend hours chatting on the

phone to their friends

 Slush [slʌ∫] (n) = a mixture of snow and

water (half-melted snow)

 Ex : In the city the clean white snow had

turned to grey slush.

• Flavor ['fleivə] (n) = odor ['oudə(r)] = smell

= how food or drink tastes

Ex : The tomatoes give extra flavour to the sauce

• Favorite ['feivərit] (a) = liked = liked more

than others of the same kind:

Ex : It's one of my favourite movies.

Who is your favourite writer?

• Excuse (n) [iks’kju:s] for sth/ for doing sth = reason

Ex : Late again! What's your excuse this

time?

 Help sb do sth

Ex : Come and help me lift this box

 Playing the guitar is always relaxing for

me

(gerund is the subject)

Doing some exercise can be good for your health

 Note : always + Present Simple

always + v-ing

What is the difference between them?

 Always + Present Simple = a present habit

EX : He always goes to school by bus

They always spend their holiday at the beach

 Always + Present Continuous = if you say a person

is

is always doing sth, or sth is always happening sth, or sth is , you

mean that they do it, or it happens, very often, and

that this is annoying:

EX : She's always criticizing me

That phone's always ringing

* Why are you always complaining about my cooking?

Expressions :

* be by yourself = be alone

* forget your worries = stop

thinking about sth; don’t worry

GRAMMAR

1 REVIEW OF AUXILIARY VERBS

2 RESPONDING with SO & NEITHER

REVIEW OF AUXILIARY VERBS

1 Are you relaxing now?

 Yes, I am Yes, I .

 So am I (= I am, too I (= I .) (agreeing)

 No, I am not No, I (disagreeing)

 SO + AUXILIARY VERB + SUBJECT.

 = SUBJECT + VERB (AUXILIARY VERB) , +T00.

3 Did you go out last night?

 No, I didn’t No, I .

 Neither did I (= I didn’t, either I (= I .)

 I did

READING 2

Frequently Asked Questions

the weather.

•Time zone (n) = an area having the same time

• To keep an eye on sth = to take care of

sb/sth

• Take (v) = note, record

• Go through (v) = look at or examine sth

carefully

• Fixed (a) = not changed

• Honest ['ɔnist] (a) – honestly ['ɔnistli]

(adv) in an honest way ≠ dishonestly

• Improve (v) [im’pru:v] = to become or to make sth better

• Leisure ['leʒə] (n) = spare time

• Loft [lɔft] = (n) a room or space under the roof of

a house

• Volleybag ['vɔlibæg] (n) an adapted form of

volleyball ['vɔlibɔ:l]

Ex : there is a non-stop flight to Bombay

• Old-time ['ouldtaim] (a) = not new, not modern

Ex : he had an old-time watch

• Shift (n)= a period of time worked by a

group of workers who start work as another group finishes:

Ex : She has to work an eight-hour shift at the factory.

• Socialize ['sou∫əlaiz] (v) = to meet and

spend time with people in a friendly way, in order to enjoy yourself

Ex : I enjoy socializing with the other

students.

• Observe [ə'bzə:v] (v)= to watch sth carefully

Ex : Have you observed any

volunteer [,vɔlən'tiə] (n)= a person who offers voluntarily to do sth

A little, little + uncount noun

A few, few + count noun

Little & few : are negative ideas

Little (= not much); Few (= not many)

EX : We must be quick There is little

time (= not much, not enough time)

EX: He isn’t popular He has few

friends (= not many, not enough

friends)

 A little & A few : are more positive

Ex : Do you speak English?

“ A little.”

So we can talk a bit.

EX : When did you last see Clare ? “ A

few days ago.” (= some days ago)

 Much + uncount noun + in negative sentences

and questions

Ex : we don’t have much free time.

 Many + count noun + in negative sentences and

questions

Ex : They didn’t have many friends.

Did they have many friends?

 A lot of = lots of = plenty + uncount/

+ count noun + in positive sentences / +

in negative sentences & question)

 He has got a lot of books (he doesn’t have a lot

of books.)

 Note : - too much & so much + in

positive sentence

EX : We spent too much money.

We didn’t spend a lot of money

- only a little & only a few : have a negative meaning

EX : We must be quick We’ve only got

a little time.

The village was very small There were

only a few houses

LISTENING

4b Recognize ['rekəgnaiz] (v) = to know

again sb/sth that you have seen or heard before

 Gym [dʒim] (n) = gymnasium [dʒim'neizjəm]

= health club

 Presentation [,prezen'tei∫n] (n) = a talk that

gives information on a particular subject

 Treadmill ['tredmil] (n) = a machine for

 Own [oun] (a) = private ['praivit],

individual [,indi'vidjuəl]

Ex : the room is all my own

 Meals [mi:lz] (n) : breakfast, lunch and

dinner

 To be up = not sleep

 Exercise ['eksəsaiz] (v) = to do some forms of physical movement in order to stay fit and healthy

Ex : It’s important to exercise regularly

 Popular ['pɔpjulə] (a) = common

 Old-time music (n) = classical music

 Yoga ['jougə] (n) = a system of

exercises is used by people who want

to become fitter or to relax

GERUND & INFINITIVE

 Gerund : like, love, hate, dislike, enjoy,

finish, stop, continue (= go on, keep on),

fancy, mind, admit, deny, avoid, consider,

delay (= postpone, put off), imagine, miss, recall, risk, suggest, practice, allow = permit, give up, try, remember, forget, regret

 EX : He enjoysEX : He swimming.

 He admitted loving her

me

 Infinitive : agree, aim, try, attempt, intend, refuse, remember, forget, regret, hope,

manage, promise, learn, mean, want, would like, expect, decide, seem, afford, appear, wish, swear, offer, need, allow

EX : They

EX : They agreed to go out with us.

They promised to send me letters

 not + to infinitive

EX: She refused not to go with me

He decided not do that

 V + O + to + verb-infinitive :

instruct, warn, advise, persuade, encourage, request, forbid, show, remind, help …

Ex : She invited me to go to the party.

They ordered him not to do that.

Both forms : GERUND & INFINITIVE :

 Begin, start, continue, hate, prefer, love, can’t bear, intend, bother, allow = not

changing the meaning

Ex : They intended to sell the car.

= They intended selling the car.

Some verbs with changing the meaning :

 Remember / forget to do =

you remember to do sth before you do it

EX: Please remember to post the letter = Don’t forget to post it

• Remember / forget doing =

you remember doing sth after you have

done it

Ex: I remember posting the letter.

• Regret to do =

I’m sorry that I have to say

Ex : We regret to inform you that your

application has not been successful

• Regret doing sth =

I did it and now I’m sorry about it

Ex : I now regret saying that I loved you I

shouldn’t have done it

 Try to do

= attempt to do, make an effort to do.

Ex: Ex: T ry to pass the exams.

 Like doing sth =

you enjoy it

Ex : Do you like living here ? = Do you

enjoy living here?

 Stop to do sth =

to interrupt an activity in order to do sth else

Ex : I stopped to have lunch (= I was

doing sth and I interrupted what I was

doing in order to eat)

 Stop doing sth =

to finish an action in progress (Ex : I stopped

working for them because the wages were so low.)

Ex : Do you think my jacket needs cleaning? (=

Do you think my jacket needs to be cleaned?)

Listening

 Wake up (v) = to stop being asleep

 Get up (v) = get out of bed

 Shut up (v) = stop talking

 Listen up (v) = used to tell people to listen

carefully because you are going to say sth important

 Throw up (v) = vomit ['vɔmit]

 Mix up (v)= to confuse sth with sth

 Goof up (v) = make a mistake

 Hurry up (v) = do or move sth more

quickly

 Look up (v) = get better

11b Kid (n) = child ≠ adult

made of a curved metal tube that you

blow into, with three valves for changing the note

Ex : He plays the trumpet

 Vacation [və'kei∫n] (US) (n)= holiday

 To pay tax = money that you have to pay

to the government so that it can pay for public services

= money that people pay tax according to their income and businesses

 Allowance [ə'lauəns] (n) = pocket money

 Recess [ri'ses] (n) = break time