For some exceptions from this rule see 4.2.3.2 and 4.2.3.4...60 Figure 5 – Measuring arrangement for regulating controls see 5.2.4 ...61 Figure 6 – Arrangement for measurement of disturb
Continuous disturbance
Commutator motors, as well as other devices incorporated in household appliances, electric tools and similar electrical apparatus may cause continuous disturbance
Continuous disturbances can be classified into two types: broadband disturbances, which are generated by switching devices like mechanical switches, commutators, and semiconductor regulators, and narrowband disturbances, which arise from electronic control devices such as microprocessors.
This standard differentiates between two types of disturbances based on the detector used, rather than the traditional "broadband" and "narrowband" classifications Specific limits have been established for measurements taken with both the quasi-peak detector and the average detector, as outlined in sections 5.1.1 and 6.1.1.
#The requirements for induction cooking appliances are given in Annex B $
4.1.1 Frequency range 148,5 kHz to 30 MHz (terminal voltages)
In 1979, the World Administrative Radiocommunications Conference (WARC) established a new lower frequency limit of 148.5 kHz for Region 1 For applications covered by this standard, testing at 150 kHz is deemed sufficient, as it falls within the receiver's bandwidth.
The limits of the terminal disturbance voltages are given in Table 1 Terminal voltages are measured, in accordance with Clause 5, on each terminal with respect to ground
Terminals are defined as conductive parts, suitable for re-usable electrical connection to external circuits.
4.1.1.1 The limits in columns 2 and 3 shall be met on the phase(s) and the neutral of the mains terminals of all appliances except those of electric tools
The relaxed limits specified for "additional terminals" in columns 4 and 5 are applicable to the extra terminals of appliances, as well as the load and additional terminals of regulating controls that include semiconductor devices.
Terminals which may be used as either mains terminals or load/additional terminals are subject to the limits for mains terminals
Leads that are permanently connected, equipped with a specific connector, or shorter than 2 meters do not have terminal voltage limits This applies particularly when these leads connect equipment to auxiliary devices, such as semiconductor speed controls or AC-DC power plugs.
No terminal voltage limits apply to leads integrated in the suction hose of vacuum cleaners, even if the length exceeds 2 m.
NOTE For the measurement at the load terminals and additional terminals of regulating controls incorporating semiconductor devices see 5.2.4, for additional terminals of other appliances see 5.2.3
For the mains terminals of electric tools, specific limits outlined in columns 6 to 11 are applicable based on the motor's rated power, excluding the power of any heating devices, such as those in blowers for plastic welding Additionally, for the load and extra terminals of electric tools, the limits in columns 4 and 5 are to be followed without any further relaxation.
Table 1 – Terminal voltage limits for the frequency range 148,5 kHz to 30 MHz
HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENT CAUSING SIMILAR DISTURBANCES
AND REGULATING CONTROLS INCORPORATING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
Frequency range At mains terminals At load terminals and additional terminals
Average* Decreasing linearly with the logarithm of the frequency from:
Frequency range Rated motor power not exceeding 700 W Rated motor power above
Decreasing linearly with the logarithm of the frequency from:
66 to 59 59 to 49 70 to 63 63 to 53 76 to 69 69 to 59
If the average detector's limit is satisfied while using a receiver with a quasi-peak detector, the tested equipment is considered compliant with both limits, eliminating the need for measurements with the average detector.
NOTE The limits for the measurement with the average detector are tentative and may be modified after a period of experience
Limits for electric fence energizers are specified for various terminals: a) the fence terminals on all energizers, as detailed in columns 4 and 5 of Table 1; b) the mains terminals for energizers intended for mains connection, found in columns 2 and 3 of Table 1; and c) the battery terminals for energizers that operate on battery power, indicated in columns 4 and 5 of Table 1.
Energizers with built-in batteries that cannot connect to mains supply, as well as those with external batteries, have no restrictions on battery terminals This applies only if the connecting lead between the energizer and the battery is shorter than 2 meters and cannot be easily extended by the user without special tools.
Type D energizers, according to IEC 60335-2-76, are measured as battery operated energizers with connecting leads between the energizer and the battery greater than 2 m in length
Electric fence wires can create disturbances, particularly affecting radio and telecommunication networks due to high-voltage discharges It is essential for manufacturers of electric fence energizers to advise users on the importance of eliminating discharge points, such as contact with vegetation or damaged fence wires.
For battery-operated appliances, including those with built-in and external batteries that can connect to the mains, the limits specified in columns 2 and 3 of Table 1 are applicable to the mains terminals.
No radio disturbance limits apply to appliances with built-in batteries, which cannot be connected to the mains supply
Appliances with external batteries are exempt from radio disturbance limits if the connecting lead is shorter than 2 meters However, if the lead exceeds 2 meters or can be easily extended by the user without special tools, the limits specified in columns 4 and 5 of Table 1 must be adhered to.
4.1.2 Frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
4.1.2.1 Disturbance power measurement in the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz
The limits of the disturbance power are given in Table 2a Disturbance power is measured in accordance with Clause 6, at all terminals.
Table 2a – Disturbance power limits for the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz
Household and similar appliances Tools
Frequency range Rated motor power not exceeding 700 W Rated motor power above 700 W and not exceeding 1 000 W
Quasi- peak dB (pW) Average a dB (pW)
Quasi- peak dB (pW) Average a dB (pW)
Quasi- peak dB (pW) Average a dB (pW)
Quasi- peak dB (pW) Average a
Increasing linearly with the frequency from:
If the average detector measurement limit is satisfied while using a receiver with a quasi-peak detector, the tested equipment is considered compliant with both limits, eliminating the need for additional measurements with the average detector.
Table 2b – Margin when performing disturbance power measurement in the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz
Household and similar appliances Tools
Frequency range Rated motor power not exceeding 700 W Rated motor power above
Average dB (pW) Quasi- peak dB (pW)
Average Increasing linearly with the frequency from:
200 to 300 0 to 10 dB - 0 to 10 dB - 0 to 10 dB - 0 to 10 dB -
NOTE 1 This table only applies if specified in 4.1.2.3.2.
NOTE 2 The measured result at a particular frequency shall be less than the relevant limit minus the corresponding margin (at that frequency).
4.1.2.2 Radiated disturbances measurement in the frequency range 30 MHz to
The limits of radiated disturbances are given in Table 3 Radiated disturbances are measured in accordance with the standards and testing methods given in Table 3.
Table 3 – Radiated disturbance limits and testing methods for the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz
Testing method Standard Frequency range
The lower limit applies at the transition frequency, with measurements conducted in various environments such as open area test sites (OATS) and semi-anechoic chambers (SAC) The TEM-waveguide is restricted to devices without attached cables and must adhere to size limitations specified in IEC 61000-4-20, where the largest dimension at a 1 GHz measuring frequency is one wavelength, or 300 mm Measurements can be taken as close as 3 meters, using a normalization factor of 20 dB per decade to adjust data for compliance at the specified distance Additionally, fully anechoic rooms (FAR) require all equipment, including floor-standing units, to be measured within the designated test volume, as illustrated in Figure 6 of CISPR 16-2-3 The measurement results decrease linearly with the logarithm of the frequency.
To ensure consistent results, it is essential to use the original measuring method and distance when verifying the original measurement.
This subclause describes application of the limits for all appliances (see Figure 10)
Discontinuous disturbance
Thermostatically controlled appliances and automatic program-controlled machines produce discontinuous disturbances during their switching operations The impact of these disturbances on audio and video presentations is influenced by their repetition rate and amplitude Consequently, it is essential to differentiate between the various types of discontinuous disturbances.
The discontinuous disturbance is only measured with a measuring receiver including a quasi- peak detector as mentioned in 5.1.1 and specified in Clause 4 of CISPR 16-1-1
4.2.1 The limits for discontinuous disturbance depend mainly on the character of the disturbance and on the click rate N as given in detail in 4.2.2 and 4.2.3
No discontinuous disturbance limits apply in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
NOTE The level of disturbances below 30 MHz is interpreted as an indication for the level above 30 MHz
4.2.2 Frequency range 148,5 kHz to 30 MHz (terminal voltages)
4.2.2.1 The limits of Table 1 apply also to discontinuous disturbances from all equipment which produce: a) disturbances other than clicks, or b) clicks with a click rateNequal to or greater than 30
Appliances as described in 4.2.3 are exempted.
NOTE Examples of discontinuous disturbances for which the limits for continuous disturbance apply are shown in Figures 4a and 4b
4.2.2.2 For discontinuous disturbance, the click limit L q is attained by increasing the relevant limit L (as given in 4.1.1) with:
NOTE Examples of discontinuous disturbances which are classified as clicks are shown in Figures 3a, 3b and 3c
See also Annex A, Table A.1 and Table A.2
4.2.2.3 The click limit L q applies for click rates N determined under operating conditions and interpretation of results as specified in Clause 7.
4.2.3 Exceptions from the click definition
Under certain conditions some kinds of discontinuous disturbances are exempted from the definition of a click (see 3.2)
This subclause outlines exceptions that apply alongside subclauses 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 for all types of appliances A flow diagram in Figure 9 illustrates the integration of these conditions into the verification process.
Product specific relaxations are contained in Annex A, which contains also Table A.2, a list of appliances for which the switching operations are counted, to derive the click rateN
Individual switching operations, whether manual or automatic, that are used solely for mains connection or disconnection, program selection, energy or speed control through fixed positions, or adjusting continuously variable settings like variable speed devices or electronic thermostats, are not considered when testing appliances for compliance with radio disturbance limits as outlined in this standard.
This subclause includes various types of switches, such as on/off switches for devices like electric typewriters and foot-activated switches, as well as manual controls for heat and airflow in fan heaters and hair dryers It also covers indirectly operated switches found in cupboards, wardrobes, or refrigerators, along with sensor-operated switches However, switches that are typically operated repeatedly, such as those in sewing machines, calculating machines, and soldering equipment, are excluded from this subclause.
The disturbances generated by any switching device or control included in an appliance for mains disconnection for safety purposes should be ignored when testing the appliance for compliance with the radio disturbance limits outlined in this standard.
4.2.3.2 Combination of clicks in a time frame less than 600 ms
In programme controlled appliances a combination of clicks in a time frame less than 600 ms is allowed once per selected programme cycle
For certain appliances, a combination of clicks is permitted once during the minimum observation period This rule also applies to thermostatically controlled three-phase switches, which can cause three sequential disturbances across each of the three phases and the neutral Notably, this combination of clicks is regarded as a single click.
Appliances which fulfil the following conditions:
– the click rate is not more than 5,
– none of the caused clicks has a duration longer than 20 ms,
Ninety percent of the generated clicks last less than 10 milliseconds, which are considered compliant with the established limits, regardless of the click amplitude (refer to tables A.1 and A.2) If any of these criteria are not met, the limits specified in section 4.2.2 will apply.
4.2.3.4 Separation of clicks less than 200 ms
For appliances with a click rate below 5, two disturbances, each lasting up to 200 ms, will be counted as two separate clicks, regardless of whether the disturbances occur within a 200 ms interval.
In this case, for instance observed with refrigerators, the example shown in Figure 4b, would be evaluated as two clicks and not as continuous disturbance.
5 Methods of measurement of terminal disturbance voltages
This clause lays down the general requirements for the measurement of disturbance voltage produced at the terminals of apparatus
The operating conditions are given in Clause 7 of this standard.
Measuring devices
The measuring devices given below are to be used:
Receivers with quasi-peak detectors shall be in accordance with Clause 4 of CISPR 16-1-1; receivers with average detectors shall be in accordance with Clause 6 of CISPR 16-1-1
NOTE Both detectors may be incorporated in a single receiver and measurements carried out either using the quasi-peak detector or the average detector.
The artificial mains V-network is essential for establishing a specific impedance at high frequencies between the equipment under test and the reference ground Additionally, it serves to isolate the test circuit from unwanted radio-frequency signals present on the supply mains.
The artificial mains V-network 50 Ω/50 μH (or 50 Ω/50 μH + 5 Ω) as defined in Clause 4 of CISPR 16-1-2 shall be used
To prevent the mains impedance from significantly influencing the artificial mains V-network during measurement, a suitable radio-frequency impedance should be placed between the V-network and the supply mains This impedance also helps to mitigate the impact of unwanted signals present on the supply mains.
The connection between the artificial mains V-network and the measuring receiver shall be made by means of a coaxial cable with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω
When measuring on terminals other than mains terminals, such as load and control terminals, a voltage probe must be utilized Additionally, it is essential to use the voltage probe on mains terminals when the artificial mains V-network cannot be applied without significantly affecting the equipment under test or the testing apparatus, particularly when measuring motors and heating devices that operate at over 25 A per phase.
The voltage probe contains a resistor having a resistance value of at least 1 500 Ω in series with a capacitor with a reactive value negligible to the resistance (in the range 150 kHz to
The measurement results must be adjusted based on the voltage division between the probe and the measuring set, considering only the resistive components of the impedances for this correction.
To ensure accurate testing, if the equipment's function is compromised due to low probe impedance, it is essential to increase the impedance as necessary, such as by adding 15 kΩ in series with 500 pF at 50/60 Hz and radio frequencies.
In order to simulate the influence of the user's hand, application of the artificial hand is required for hand held equipment during the disturbance voltage measurement
The artificial hand consists of metal foil which is connected to one terminal (terminal M) of an
The RC element comprises a 220 pF ± 20% capacitor in series with a 510 Ω ± 10% resistor, with one terminal connected to the reference ground of the measuring system as outlined in CISPR 16-1-2 This RC component can be integrated into the housing of the artificial mains network for the artificial hand.
5.1.5 Disturbance analyzer for discontinuous disturbance
The measuring equipment for discontinuous disturbance shall comply with Clause 10 of CISPR 16-1-1 An alternative method using an oscilloscope may be applied provided that the degree of accuracy is sufficient
For the measurement of the duration of the disturbance, see CISPR 16-1-1.
Measuring procedures and arrangements
5.2.1 Arrangement of the leads of the equipment under test
NOTE Clause 5 and Annex A of CISPR 16-2-1 give more information about the connection of the electrical appliances to the measuring equipment.
For accurate measurements of disturbance terminal voltages, the artificial mains V-network is connected to the mains terminals to ensure a defined termination This V-network is positioned 0.8 meters away from the appliance, as detailed in section 5.2.2.
The disturbance voltage measurements are normally to be made at the plug end of the lead
If the mains lead of the appliance exceeds the necessary length for connection to the V-network, any excess over 0.8 m should be folded back and forth to create a horizontal bundle measuring between 0.3 m and 0.4 m In cases of disputes concerning sales bans or type approval withdrawals, the lead may be substituted with a similar quality lead measuring 1 m.
If the lead for measurements is shorter than the required distance to the mains V-network, it must be extended to the appropriate length.
When testing an appliance with a mains lead that includes an earthing conductor, it is essential to connect the plug end of the earthing conductor to the reference ground of the measuring equipment.
When an earthing conductor is necessary but not part of the lead, the earth terminal of the appliance must be connected to the reference ground of the measuring equipment using a lead that is as short as possible This lead should run parallel to the mains lead and maintain a distance of no more than 0.1 m from it.
If the appliance does not come with a power lead, it must be connected to the artificial mains V-network using a lead that is no longer than 1 meter, even when using a plug or socket-outlet.
The connection between the appliance and auxiliary devices, as well as the leads for regulating controls or battery-powered appliances, must comply with section 5.2.1.1, unless specified otherwise in this standard.
5.2.2 Disposition of appliances under test and their connection to the artificial mains
5.2.2.1 Appliances normally operated without an earth connection and not held in the hand
The appliance shall be placed 0,4 m above an earthed conducting surface of at least
The area measures 2 m × 2 m and must be positioned 0.8 m away from the artificial mains V-network, as well as maintaining a minimum distance of 0.8 m from any other earthed conducting surface When measurements are taken within a screened enclosure, the 0.4 m distance can be measured from one of the enclosure's walls.
Floor standing equipment, defined by its design and weight, must adhere to the same regulations as previously mentioned.
– the equipment shall be placed on a horizontal metal ground plane (the reference ground plane), but isolated from it by a non-metallic support (such as a pallet) of 0,1 m ± 25 % in height;
– the lead shall be led downward along the EUT to the level of the non-metallic support and be led horizontally to the artificial V-network;
The artificial V-network must be connected to the reference ground plane, as specified in CISPR 16-2-1 Additionally, the reference ground plane should extend at least 0.5 meters beyond the edges of the Equipment Under Test (EUT) and must have minimum dimensions of 2 meters by 2 meters.
5.2.2.2 Handheld appliances which are normally operated without an earth connection
Measurements shall first be made in accordance with 5.2.2.1
Additional measurements shall then be made using the artificial hand described in 5.1.4
When applying the artificial hand, it is essential to wrap metal foil around all handles, both fixed and detachable, provided with the appliance Additionally, the terminal M must be connected to any exposed non-rotating metalwork as outlined in sections 5.2.2.2.2 to 5.2.2.2.4.
Metalwork which is covered with paint or lacquer is considered as exposed metalwork and shall be directly connected to the terminal M of the RC element
The artificial hand should only be used on the designated handles, grips, and specified parts of the appliance as outlined by the manufacturer If the manufacturer's specifications are not available, the artificial hand must be applied according to the following guidelines.
When the appliance's casing is made entirely of metal, there is no requirement for metal foil Instead, the terminal M of the RC element must be directly connected to the appliance's body.
When the appliance casing is made of insulating material, it is essential to wrap metal foil around the handles and the body where the motor stator is located Specifically, metal foil, 60 mm wide, should encircle handle B and, if applicable, handle D, as well as the body C near the motor stator or gearbox to minimize disturbance levels All metal foil pieces, along with any present ring or bushing A, must be interconnected and connected to the terminal M of the RC element.
When an appliance features a casing that is partially metal and partially made of insulating material, with insulating handles, it is essential to wrap metal foil around the handles (B and D in Figure 8b) In cases where the motor's location has a non-metallic casing, a 60 mm wide metal foil should be applied around the body (C) at the point where the motor stator's iron core is situated, or around the gearbox if it is made of insulating material and exhibits a higher disturbance level Additionally, the metal part of the body (point A), the metal foil around the handles (B and D), and the metal foil on the body (C) must be interconnected and connected to the terminal (M) of the RC element.
Reduction of disturbance not produced by the equipment under test
Any measurable disturbance voltage that is not generated by the equipment under test, such as those from the supply mains or external fields, must register on the measuring set at least 20 dB lower than the minimum voltage intended for measurement.
Should the background noise not be at least 20 dB below the measurement level, it should be quoted in the results of measurement
The disturbance voltages not caused by the equipment to be tested are measured when the equipment under test is connected but not operated
NOTE Realization of this condition may require the addition of a supplementary filter in the supply mains and the measurements may have to be made in a screened enclosure.
6 Methods of measurement of disturbance power (30 MHz to 300 MHz)
This clause lays down the general requirements for the measurement of disturbance power produced at the terminals of apparatus
The operating conditions are given in Clause 7 of this standard
It is generally considered that for frequencies above 30 MHz the disturbing energy is propagated by radiation to the disturbed apparatus
Research indicates that the majority of disturbing energy is emitted from the mains leads and other nearby connections of an appliance Consequently, the disturbing capability of an appliance is defined as the power it can deliver to its leads This power closely matches the amount supplied by the appliance to an appropriate absorbing device positioned around these leads, where the absorbed power reaches its peak.
Calibration is accomplished in accordance with Annex B of CISPR 16-1-2.
Measuring devices
Receivers with quasi-peak detectors shall be in accordance with Clause 4 of CISPR 16-1-1; receivers with average detectors shall be in accordance with Clause 6 of CISPR 16-1-1.
NOTE Both detectors may be incorporated in a single receiver and measurements carried out either using the quasi-peak detector or the average detector.
The absorbing clamp shall be in accordance with Clause 4 of CISPR 16-1-3.
Measurement procedure on the mains lead
The absorbing clamp must be strategically positioned to achieve the highest indication at each test frequency This involves adjusting the clamp along the lead until the maximum value is detected, specifically between a location close to the appliance and approximately half a wavelength away from it.
NOTE The maximum may occur at a distance close to the appliance
The straight section of the lead to be measured should be approximately 6 meters long, which corresponds to λ max /2 plus an additional 0.6 meters This length ensures the proper placement of the absorbing clamp and allows for the potential addition of a second clamp for enhanced isolation.
The clamp test setup must maintain a minimum distance of 0.8 meters from any conductive objects, including people, walls, and ceilings, while excluding the floor The appliance under test should be positioned on a non-metallic support table that is parallel to the floor For appliances designed for floor placement during normal use, the table height should be 0.1 meters ± 0.025 meters, whereas for other appliances, the height should be 0.8 meters ± 0.05 meters.
To ensure accurate measurements, the lead should be aligned in a straight line, allowing enough distance for the absorbing clamp and necessary positional adjustments for tuning The clamp is then securely positioned around the lead.
If the original lead of the appliance is shorter than the necessary length it shall be extended or replaced by a similar lead
Plugs or sockets that cannot fit through the absorbing clamp due to their size must be removed In cases of disputes over sales bans or type approval withdrawals, the lead can be replaced with a similar quality lead of appropriate length.
NOTE λ max is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency at which measurements are to be made for instance 10 m at 30 MHz
If the radio frequency isolation between the mains supply and the input of the absorbing clamp on the appliance is inadequate, it is recommended to install a fixed ferrite clamp approximately 6 meters from the appliance This installation enhances the stability of the loading impedance and minimizes extraneous noise from the mains supply For further details, refer to Clause 4 of CISPR 16-1-3.
Special requirements for appliances having auxiliary apparatus connected at
connected at the end of a lead other than the mains lead
Auxiliary leads that can be extended by the user, such as those with a loose end or easily replaceable plugs or sockets, should be extended to approximately 6 meters in accordance with section 6.2.3 Additionally, any plug or socket that is too large to pass through the absorbing clamp must be removed, as specified in section 6.2.3.
6.3.1.2 If the auxiliary lead is permanently fixed to the appliance and to the auxiliary apparatus and:
– is shorter than 0,25 m, measurement are not to be made on these leads;
– is longer than 0,25 m but shorter than twice the length of the absorbing clamp, it shall be extended to twice the length of the absorbing clamp;
– is longer than twice the length of the absorbing clamp, measurements shall be made using the original lead
When the auxiliary apparatus is not essential for the main appliance's operation, such as a power nozzle for a vacuum cleaner, only the lead should be connected, as a separate test procedure for the auxiliary apparatus is outlined in this standard All measurements on the main appliance must be conducted in accordance with section 6.3.2.
To measure the disturbance power, the process begins with the mains lead of the main appliance using an absorbing clamp as outlined in section 6.2 If possible, any lead connecting the main appliance to auxiliary equipment should be disconnected without impacting the appliance's operation, or alternatively, isolated using ferrite rings or an absorbing clamp positioned near the appliance.
In addition, each lead that is connected or may connect to auxiliary equipment is measured, regardless of its necessity for the appliance's operation, with the current transformer of the clamp directed towards the main appliance Isolation or disconnection of the mains lead and other leads is performed as specified in section 6.3.2.1.
NOTE For short, permanently connected leads the movement of the clamp (as described in 6.2.3) is limited by the length of the lead
Measurement is conducted similarly, with the clamp's current transformer directed towards any auxiliary apparatus, unless that apparatus is unnecessary for the main appliance's operation, in which case a separate testing procedure is provided No disconnection or radio frequency isolation of other leads is required in this scenario.
Assessment of measuring results
The measured power is obtained from the highest indicated value at each measurement frequency, along with the calibration curve of the absorbing clamp, as illustrated in Annex B of CISPR 16-1-3.
7 Operating conditions and interpretation of results
When measurements of disturbance are being made, the appliance shall be operated under the following conditions:
General
Normal load conditions are specified in sections 7.2 and 7.3, but if they conflict with the manufacturer's instructions, the latter will take priority For appliances not addressed in these sections, the manufacturer's instructions should be adhered to.
7.1.2 The duration of operation is not restricted unless the appliance is marked accordingly
In this case the limitations shall be complied with
No specific running-in time is required; however, the appliance must be operated for a sufficient duration before testing to ensure that the operating conditions reflect typical usage The manufacturer is responsible for conducting the running-in of motors.
7.1.4 The appliances shall be operated from a supply that provides the rated voltage and the rated frequency of the appliance.
A test will be conducted at approximately 160 kHz and 50 MHz across a voltage range of 0.9 to 1.1 times the rated voltage to assess variations in disturbance levels with supply voltage Measurements will be taken at the voltage that produces the maximum disturbance.
When an appliance specifies a rated voltage range, the multipliers 0.9 and 1.1 are used for the lowest and highest common nominal supply voltages within that range, as indicated by the manufacturer.
NOTE The most common nominal supply voltages are 100 V, 110 V, 115 V, 120 V, 127 V, 220 V, 230 V, 240 V and 250 V.
If an appliance has more than one rated voltage the multipliers 0,9 and 1,1 apply to the rated voltage that causes maximum disturbance
For appliances operating within a frequency range of 50 Hz to 60 Hz, it is essential to conduct tests at approximately 160 kHz and 50 MHz using supply frequencies of 50 Hz and 60 Hz at the specified supply voltage This testing aims to determine if the level of disturbance significantly changes with the supply frequency Measurements should be taken at the supply frequency that results in the highest level of disturbance.
Speed controls with a limited number of fixed positions should be set to approximately average and maximum speeds, with the higher reading recorded unless otherwise specified in this standard.
Apparatus with electronic regulating controls must be adjusted for maximum disturbance as per the procedure specified in section 7.2.6.1, covering frequency ranges from 148.5 kHz to 30 MHz and from 30 MHz to 1,000 MHz.
If the setting of continuously adjustable controls, which are not designed for frequent adjustment in normal use, has been pre-set, it shall not be adjusted during the test
7.1.6 The ambient temperature shall lie within the range 15 °C to 35 °C.
Operating conditions for particular equipment and integrated parts
Multifunction equipment that meets various clauses of this standard and other applicable standards must be tested with each function operated separately, provided that internal modifications to the equipment are not necessary Compliance with all relevant clauses and standards is confirmed when each function meets the specific requirements outlined.
For equipment that cannot be tested with each function separately, or where isolating a specific function would hinder its primary operation, compliance is achieved only if the equipment meets the requirements of each clause or standard while all necessary functions are active.
Measurements on equipment with external batteries in the frequency range of 148.5 kHz to 30 MHz are conducted at the terminals of the connecting lead using a probe in series with the measuring receiver's input For equipment designed to be handheld, it should be connected to an artificial hand for accurate testing.
In the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz measurement on equipment with external batteries are made as described in 6.3.2.2 with the current transformer of the clamp pointing toward the appliance
7.2.3 Integrated starting switches, speed controls, etc.
For starters, speed controls etc incorporated in appliances like sewing machines and similar apparatus given in Table A.2 the second paragraph of 7.4.2.3 applies
To assess the disturbance caused by the starting and stopping of sewing machines and dental drills, the motor speed must be ramped up to maximum within a 5-second timeframe For stopping, the control should be promptly reset to the off position Additionally, the interval between two starts should be set at 15 seconds to calculate the click rate \(N\).
The appliance shall be tested operating in each permitted mode and in accordance with the operating conditions given in 7.3.
Starting switches in adding machines, calculating machines, and cash registers must be operated intermittently, achieving a minimum of 30 starts per minute If reaching 30 starts per minute is not feasible, operators should use the maximum number of starts per minute that is practical.
To assess the click rate \( N \) of slide-projectors, the device must be tested with the lamp activated, achieving a rate of four picture changes per minute without the use of slides.
Separate as well as incorporated thermostats for the control of electric room or water heaters, oil and gas burners and the like
Thermostats designed for permanently installed stationary heating systems must have a click rate N that is five times higher than the click rate set for portable or removable room heaters.
The click rate N shall be determined for the maximum operating rate stated by the manufacturer or – if sold for or together with a heater or burner – for a duty-cycle of
(50 ± 10) % of this heater or burner
The amplitude and duration of the disturbance must be measured at the thermostat's lowest rated current Additionally, for thermostats with an integrated acceleration resistor, these measurements should also be taken without any external heater connected.
In practical applications, when using a thermostat with inductive loads such as relays or contactors, it is essential to conduct all measurements with a device that has the highest coil inductance utilized in practice.
To achieve accurate measurements, it is crucial to operate the contacts multiple times under appropriate load conditions, ensuring that the disturbance levels reflect those typically experienced during normal operation.
NOTE 1 For appliances containing thermostatically operated switches 7.3.4 is to be observed
NOTE 2 If a thermostat is integrated in an appliance which it does not control, it is to be treated according to 7.2.4 or 7.3.4.14
7.2.5 Thermostats – Alternative procedure to that specified in 7.2.4
For thermostats following this alternative procedure the subclauses 4.2.3.2, 4.2.3.4 and the flow diagram of Figure 9 are not applicable
For thermostats, whether separate or integrated within a control box that includes a timer, designed for fixed room heating systems, manufacturers must define the maximum operating switching rate This specification will be used to determine the click rate \( N \).
Failing that, a click rate N = 10 shall be used, and L q shall be determined, see 4.2.2.2.
The thermostat shall be caused to operate for 40 contact operations (20 opening and
20 closing), either manually by actuating of the temperature setting means, or automatically by e.g a hot/cold blower
The disturbance's amplitude and duration will be measured at the thermostat's lowest rated current If no minimum rated current is specified, 10% of the maximum rated current will be used Additionally, no more than 25% of the disturbances should exceed the Lq level For thermostats with an integrated acceleration resistor, the same measurements must be conducted without any external load connected.
When using a thermostat with inductive loads like relays or contactors, it is essential to conduct all measurements with a device that meets the manufacturer's specifications for the highest allowable coil inductance.
Prior to test, it is essential that the contacts shall be operated for a hundred times with the rated load
NOTE This is to ensure that the levels of disturbance are representative of those encountered in normal operations
7.2.5.2 Thermostatically controlled three-phase switches
Thermostatically controlled three-phase switches shall be treated as thermostats (see 7.2.5.1) Where no manufacturer’s specification is given, a clickrate N = 10 shall be used
7.2.5.3 Thermostatically controlled portable and removable room heating appliances
Manufacturers of portable and movable room heating appliances must specify the maximum operating switching rate The click rate \( N \) is determined based on this specification, following the procedure outlined in section 7.2.5.1.
In the absence of a manufacturer's specification, a click rate of N = 10 should be utilized, adhering to the guidelines outlined in section 7.2.5.1 Alternatively, the click rate N can be established based on a duty cycle of (50 ± 10) % for the control device, following the procedure illustrated in Figure 9.
The power range switch, if any, shall be in the lowest position
Prior to test, it is essential that the contacts shall be operated for a hundred times with the rated load
NOTE This is to ensure that the levels of disturbance are representative of those encountered in normal operations
7.2.6 Regulating controls incorporating semiconductor devices
7.2.6.1 Adjustments for maximum disturbance level
Standard operating conditions and normal loads
7.3.1 Motor-operated appliances for household and similar purposes
Vacuum cleaners without additional attachments must be tested while running continuously, using an empty dust bag For vacuum cleaners equipped with an automatic cord reel, measurements should be taken with the mains lead fully extended, as specified in section 5.2.1.1.
7.3.1.1.2 For leads integrated in the suction hose of vacuum cleaners, see 4.1.1.2
For the frequency range of 30 MHz to 300 MHz, disturbance power measurements must be conducted using an absorbing clamp, in addition to measurements at the mains terminals This involves replacing the suction hose and its integrated lead with a flexible cord that connects to the main unit's terminals The flexible cord should be of adequate length and contain the same number of wires as the original suction hose, provided that the plug or socket can be easily replaced by the user.
7.3.1.1.4 Auxiliary power nozzles of vacuum cleaners shall be operated continuously without mechanical load on the brushes The cooling, if necessary, shall be provided by a non- metallic hose.
When a power nozzle is linked to a vacuum cleaner via a non-detachable supply lead shorter than 0.4 m, or directly through a plug and socket, both components should be measured together In all other situations, the appliances must be measured individually.
7.3.1.2 Floor polishers shall be operated continuously without any mechanical load on the polishing brushes
7.3.1.3 Coffee grinders and coffee makers
Coffee grinders with a timer shall be operated without load for the maximum duration allowed by the timer.
Coffee grinders without a timer shall be operated without load for the duration taken to grind the maximum quantity of roasted coffee beans stated in the instructions
If it is not possible to operate the grinder without load, the grinder shall be operated using the maximum quantity of roasted coffee beans stated in the instructions.
7.3.1.3.2 Coffee makers and espresso makers with integrated grinder
Coffee makers and espresso makers with integrated grinder shall be tested according to 7.2.1. The grinder function shall be tested according to 7.3.1.3.1.
If the operation time of the coffee grinder can be set by the user, it should be set to maximum duration
Fully automatic coffee makers shall be tested according to 7.2.1 The different functions shall be tested sequentially so that all possible disturbance sources are covered
The test conditions must align with the appliance's normal operation as outlined in the user instructions If not specified, the appliance will be tested under various separate modes of operation.
• keep warm mode for fully automated coffee makers;
• pre-heating for espresso coffee makers;
• 1 cup of coffee (approximately 125 ml) per minute;
• 200 ml hot water, followed by 30 s pause;
7.3.1.4 Food mixers (kitchen machines), liquid-mixers, blenders, liquidizers shall be operated continuously without load For speed controls, see 7.1.5
7.3.1.5 Clocks shall be operated continuously
7.3.1.6 Massage apparatus shall be operated continuously without load
Fans and cooker extractor hoods must operate continuously at maximum airflow, both with and without heating if available For thermostatically controlled switches, refer to section 7.3.4.14 Additionally, for fans and extractor hoods equipped with electronic regulating controls, section 7.1.5 is also applicable.
7.3.1.8 Hair-dryers shall be operated as in 7.3.1.7 For thermostatically controlled switches see 7.3.4.14
Refrigerators and freezers must be operated continuously with the doors closed, and the thermostat should be set to the midpoint of its adjustment range It is essential that the cabinet is empty and not subjected to heat, with measurements taken only after a steady state has been achieved.
The click rateN is determined from half the number of switching operations
NOTE Due to ice deposition on the cooling element, the number of switching operations in normal use is about half that compared with the refrigerator being empty.
Washing machines should be run with water only, without any textiles, and the incoming water temperature must align with the manufacturer's usage instructions The thermostat should be set to the maximum for the selected program or to 90 °C, whichever is lower For determining the click rateN, the least favorable control program of the appliance must be considered.
NOTE For machines where the drying function forms a part of the programme, see 7.3.1.12
When measuring disturbance power on the mains lead, ensure the aquastop hose is connected to the water tap and positioned parallel to the mains lead, maintaining a length of 40 cm and a maximum distance of 10 cm Subsequently, conduct the measurements on the mains lead as outlined in section 6.2.
7.3.1.11 Dish-washing machines as in 7.3.1.10.
7.3.1.12 Tumble-dryers shall be operated with textile material in form of pre-washed, double- hemmed cotton sheets having dimensions of approximately 0,7 m × 0,7 m and a mass between 140 g/m 2 and 175 g/m 2 in dry condition
Control devices are set to either the lowest or highest position The position that gives the highest click rate Nshall be taken
Aqua-stop valves are not an auxiliary apparatus within the meaning of subclauses 5.2.3 and 6.3
Measurements need not be made on the lead to these valves
Tumble dryers that are integrated with washing machines perform washing, spinning, and drying in one container It is essential to operate these machines with half of the maximum dry weight of cotton textiles as specified in the manufacturer's instructions The dryer begins its operation with the water content that remains after the spinning phase of the prior wash.
Separate tumble dryers should be used with half the maximum dry weight of cotton textiles as per the manufacturer's guidelines The textiles must be soaked in water at a temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C, with the water mass being 60% of the textile's weight.
7.3.1.13 Centrifugal dryers shall be operated continuously without load
7.3.1.14 Razors and hair clippers shall be operated continuously without load, according to 7.1.2
For testing continuous disturbance of the motor, the motor shall be operated continuously at its maximum speed with the sewing gear, but not sewing a material
For testing switch disturbance or semiconductor control disturbances, see 7.2.3.1 or 7.2.6.1.
7.3.1.16.1 Electric typewriters shall be operated continuously
The device shall be tested for continuous disturbances while the device is fed continuously with paper, resulting in continuous operation of the drive (if possible)
The device shall be tested for discontinuous disturbances while the device is fed with one single sheet at the time, allowing the motor to switch off between each sheet
7.3.1.17.1 Cine projectors shall be operated continuously with a film, the lamp being switched on.
7.3.1.17.2 Slide projectors shall be operated continuously without slides, the lamp being switched on To determine the click rate N, see 7.2.3.3
7.3.1.18 Milking machines shall be operated continuously without vacuum
7.3.1.19 Lawn mowers shall be operated continuously without load
When controlling air temperature through adjustments in the compressor motor's operation time or utilizing thermostat-controlled heating devices, measurements must be conducted under the same operating conditions specified in section 7.3.4.14.
This process shall be repeated as quickly as possible
The paper must be compatible with typewriters and copying machines, measuring between 278 mm and 310 mm in length, regardless of the shredder's design dimensions It should also fall within the weight category of 80 g/m².
For variable capacity appliances equipped with inverter circuits that regulate the fan or compressor motor speed, measurements should be conducted with the temperature controller set to its lowest setting in cooling mode and to its highest setting in heating mode.
The testing of equipment specified in sections 7.3.1.20.1 and 7.3.1.20.2 requires an ambient temperature of (15 ± 5) °C for heating mode and (30 ± 5) °C for cooling mode If maintaining these temperatures is not feasible, an alternative temperature may be used, as long as the equipment operates stably.
The ambient temperature is defined at the temperature of the air flow to the indoor unit.
For split-type appliances with indoor and outdoor units, the connecting refrigerant pipe should measure 5 m ± 0.3 m and be coiled with a diameter of about 1 m If the pipe length is fixed, it must exceed the specified length.