Bsi bs en 14865 1 2009 + a1 2010

30159028 pdf BS EN 14865 1 2009 ICS 45 040; 75 100 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Railway Applications — Axlebox lubricating greases Part 1 Met[.]

"Informative" - Information (not mandatory) intended to assist theunderstanding or use of the document Informativve annexes shall notcontain requirements, except as optional requirements (For example, atest method that is optional may contain requirements but there is noneed to comply with these requirements to claim compliance with thedocument.

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions

of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard is the UK implementation of

EN 14865-1:2009+A1:2010 It supersedes BS EN 14865-1:2009 which is withdrawn

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RAE/3/-/2, Rolling bearings and lubricants

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !"

This British Standard

was published under the

authority of the Standards

Policy and Strategy

EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 2010

English Version

Railway applications - Axlebox lubricating greases - Part 1:

Method to test the ability to lubricate

Applications ferroviaires - Graisses lubrifiantes pour boîtes

d'essieux - Partie 1: Méthode d'essai d'aptitude à lubrifier

Bahnanwendungen - Schmierfette für Radsatzlager - Teil 1:

Prüfung der Schmierfähigkeit

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 January 2009 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 September 2010 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N

E U R O P Ä I S C H E S K O M I T E E FÜ R N O R M U N G

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved

worldwide for CEN national Members

Ref No EN 14865-1:2009+A1:2010: E

Contents Page

Foreword 3

Introduction 4

1 Scope 5

2 Normative references 5

3 Terms and definitions 5

4 Symbols 7

5 Testing principle 8

6 Reagents and material 8

7 Test equipment 9

7.1 Test rig FE8 9

7.2 Test bearings 9

7.3 Measuring equipment 10

8 Grease sampling 11

9 Testing procedure 11

9.1 Washing procedure 11

9.2 Assembly 11

9.3 Running the test 11

10 Evaluation 12

10.1 Recording 12

10.2 Test result 12

11 Precision 13

11.1 General background 13

11.2 Repeatability 13

11.3 Reproducibility 14

12 Test report 14

Annex A (informative) Maintenance 15

Annex B (informative) Round Robin test 16

B.1 Result 16

B.2 Symbols in the Figures B.1 and B.2 16

B.3 Test data distribution 17

Annex C (informative) Precision calculation examples 18

C.1 Repeatability example 18

C.2 Reproducibility example 18

Annex ZA (informative) !!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the interoperability of the rail system within the Community (Recast)"" 19

Bibliography 21

Foreword

This document (EN 14865-1:2009+A1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256

“Railway Applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2011

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights

This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2010-09-14

This document supersedes EN 14865-1:2009

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! "

!This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC

For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document."

This series of standards EN 14865 "Railway applications – Axlebox lubricating greases" consists of the

following parts:

 Part 1: Method to test the ability to lubricate;

 Part 2: Method to test the mechanical stability to cover vehicle speeds up to 200 km/h

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom

Introduction

This European Standard standardizes a test method and acceptance criteria for the demand in EN 12081 for testing the ability of greases to lubricate axlebox bearings It addresses the issue of lubricating ability of lubricating greases operating under severe conditions

All lubricants have three main functions: to form a lubricating film that separates rolling elements and raceways, to protect the bearing from corrosion and give good longevity For lubricating greases in axleboxes there is also the demand that the product must keep the lubricating ability, sometimes without relubrication, during very long periods of time under arduous operating and environmental conditions

The testing procedure in this European Standard is severe and is used to discriminate between lubricating greases of different lubricating ability

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies a testing method and sets the acceptance criteria for the determining of the lubrication ability of lubricating greases intended for the lubrication of axlebox bearings The lubricating ability, primarily related to the capability of lubricating greases to protect against wear, is determined in a roller bearing lubricant test rig Wear of the rolling bearing rollers, the frictional behaviour and temperature during the test are used to discriminate between lubricating greases

NOTE 1 The testing method is referred to in EN 12081

The method described is carried out in order to test axlebox greases for ordinary-speed vehicles, with speeds

up to 200 km/h, and for greases intended for high-speed vehicles, with speeds up to 300 km/h The method is

a discriminating process, and those greases that pass will be subject to more extensive performance tests

NOTE 2 In EN 12082 a more extensive rig performance test is described in detail This rig performance test will check the satisfactory function of the assembly of box housing, bearing, sealing and grease during a simulated journey

For purpose of quality assurance and quality control, this test method is also used for batch testing of greases intended for use in axleboxes

For light rail and tramway applications other standards or documents agreed between the customer and the supplier may be applied

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the document (including any amendments) applies

EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling (ISO 3170:2004)

EN ISO 4259:2006, Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to

methods of test

ISO 5725-1:1994, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 1: General

principles and definitions

ISO 5725-2:1994, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic

method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method

ISO 5725-6:1994, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 6: Use in

practice of accuracy values

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply

3.1

lubricating grease

semi-solid product consisting of a mixture of liquid lubricant thickened with soaps or other thickeners, and may also contain other ingredients, imparting special properties (additives)

3.2

grease lubricating ability

lubricating ability of the grease during the stressing duration of the test, see 3.3, determined as the mean rolling elements wear rate from tests with four tapered roller bearings

NOTE In the FE8 test, the lubricating ability of grease is determined by wear and not by the service life of the grease

3.3

stressing duration

period of time, t, during which the lubricating grease sample is stressed dynamically and thermally until the

test is terminated by the first failure of the test bearings or by the end of the testing period, see 3.4

3.4

testing period

time required for testing, tp, until failure occurs of one of the test bearings or 500 hours if a test run without interruption

NOTE For approval, the required time for a test is always 500 hours (plus an initial operation during 24 hours at

750 r/min in the 1 500 r/min test) If a bearing will fail earlier, the test is failed

3.5

frictional moment

torque acting as a mechanical resistance to rotation, resulting from bearing friction

3.6

frictional moment of the test bearing arrangement

torque, Mr, required for driving the two test bearings, see Figure 1, obtained by measuring the force for retaining the bearing housing when the shaft is rotating

3.7

frictional moment of the test bearing arrangement at start

torque, Mrs, of the test bearing arrangement immediately after starting the test

3.8

run-in period

period of time, Ep, from the start of the test until the steady-state is reached

NOTE 1 During the run-in period, the grease is distributed and run-in wear occurs Due to the smoothing of the contacting areas, the ratio of the lubricant film thickness to the sum of the roughness of the contact areas increases, thereby increasing the separating effect of the lubricant film Depending on the smoothing of the contacting surfaces, the frictional moment is continuously reduced during the run-in process

NOTE 2 For the test run at 1 500 r/min, there is a special in period of 24 hours before the real test starts This

run-in is carried out with the lower speed 750 r/mrun-in and with the axial load Fa = 10 kN

3.9

frictional moment of the test bearing arrangement at steady-state

torque, Mrb is obtained after the run-in period and is reached when the frictional moment stabilizes at a fairly constant value (variation can be 20 %)

temperature, θ , measured at the outer ring of the spring-side test bearing

NOTE Owing to better heat dissipation, the bearing at the drive side may be 2 °C to 5 °C cooler

3.12

rolling element wear

wear loss in weight, mw, during the stressing period due to wear caused by rolling and sliding movements in the rolling element raceway contacts and rolling element wear from cage contacts

3.13

mean rolling element wear

mean rolling element wear in weight, mwm, from two tests according to this European Standard, each with two bearings, carried out in the same test rig and with lubricating grease from the same sample

3.14

combined mean rolling element wear from repeatability tests

mean rolling element wear in weight, mr, from four or more tests, each with two bearings, carried out in the same test rig and with lubricating grease from the same sample

3.15

combined mean rolling element wear from reproducibility tests

mean rolling element wear in weight, mR, from tests, each with two bearings, carried out with two or more tests

in different laboratories and with lubricating grease from the same sample

For the purposes of this European Standard, the following symbols apply:

Ep run-in period, in hours

Fa test load, in newtons

Mr frictional moment of the test bearing arrangement, in newton metres

Mrb frictional moment of the test bearing arrangement at steady-state, in newton metres

Mrs frictional moment of the test bearing arrangement at start, in newton metres

mR combined mean value of rolling element wear from tests in different laboratories for establishing reproducibility, in milligrams

mr combined mean rolling element wear from tests in one test rig for establishing repeatability, in milligrams

mw rolling element wear, in milligrams

mwm mean value of rolling element wear from four tested bearings, in milligrams

n test speed, in revolutions per minute

Rw reproducibility limits, in milligrams

rw repeatability limits, in milligrams

sr repeatability standard deviation, in milligrams

sR reproducibility standard deviation, in milligrams

t stressing duration, in hours

tp testing period, in hours

µR permissible variation of reproducibility, in milligram

µr permissible variation of repeatability, in milligram

θ test temperature, in degrees Celsius

θB steady-state temperature, in degrees Celsius

5 Testing principle

The testing process evaluates component wear The two tapered roller bearings installed in the test rig as testing elements are filled with a defined amount of the grease to be tested The bearings are axially loaded

with the test load Fa and driven with the test speed n

After a short run-in period Ep, a practically constant frictional moment, called steady-state moment Mrb, is obtained for the duration of the test

The steady-state temperature θB depends on frictional energy from the bearings The steady-state temperature can be controlled by separate heating or cooling and maintained at a specific value independent

of variation of bearing friction A bearing failure due to lubrication break-down causes a progressive increase

of the frictional moment Mr to a multiple of the steady-state frictional moment

Even if a failure does not occur during the testing period tp, the lubrication capacity of the grease may be inadequate and by that bring about moderate to severe abrasive of wear of the bearing components The

resulting loss in weight of the rolling elements mw is used for assessing the wear-inhibiting capability, or in other words the lubricating ability of the lubricating grease

6 Reagents and material

Use only reagents of recognised analytical grades, e.g white spirit according to BS 245 [3]

7 Test equipment1

7.1 Test rig FE8

Figure 1 shows the basic layout of the test head for grease testing with the FE8 test rig The test head is coupled to a drive unit via the tapered end (Key 7) of the test head shaft (Key 6) The test head is supported

by the drive unit via the test head shaft (Key 6) The tapered end (Key 7) is attached to a tapered bore of the driving shaft of the drive unit before starting a test and detached when the test is finished The driving shaft of the drive unit is driven directly by an electric motor or by a gear

Various speeds between 7,5 and 3 000 r/min can be chosen The test bearings (Keys 3 and 4) are installed in the head The bearings are axially loaded by means of Belleville springs (Key 1) The width of the spacer ring (Key 2) and the deflection characteristic of the selected springs determine the magnitude of the load and have

to be calibrated according to the maintenance plan Instead of a spacer ring (Key 2) it is possible to use a load cell to bring about the correct load

The test head is provided with inserted thermocouples for measuring the outer ring temperature of the bearings (Key 5)

The frictional moment of the bearings is measured This is carried out by means of a force transducer (beam with strain gauges) that transmits the holding force of the housing (Key 8) to a data capture system The holding force prevents the housing from rotating due to the frictional moment from the bearings

7.2 Test bearings

For the test, two tapered roller bearings 31312 are mounted in the test head

NOTE Bearings of this design, specially adapted for the FE8 test are available2

New bearings are required for each test

Key

1 Belleville springs

2 spacer ring

3 test bearing (see 7.2)

4 test bearing (see 7.2)

5 thermocouple

6 test head drive shaft

7 tapered end of test head drive shaft

8 position for applying the force that takes up the frictional moment from the bearings

Figure 1 — FE8 test rig head

7.3 Measuring equipment

7.3.1 General

Measuring and evaluation parameters are rolling element wear, friction of the test bearings and bearing temperature

7.3.2 Rolling element wear

Wear of the rolling elements is determined by weighing the rolling elements prior to and immediately after the test run and following thorough cleaning