Bsi bs en 13145 2001 + a1 2011

Unknown BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13145 2001 Railway applications — Track — Wood sleepers and bearers ICS 79 040; 93 100 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW +A1 2011 Na[.]

Railway applications —

Track — Wood sleepers

and bearers

ICS 79.040; 93.100

This British Standard is the UK implementation of

EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 It supersedes BS EN 13145:2001, which is withdrawn

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is dicated in the text by tags Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !"

in-The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RAE/2, Railway Applications - Track

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained

on request to its secretary

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the

direction of the Engineering

Sector Committee, was

published under the authority

of the Standards Committee

and comes into effect on

NORME EUROPÉENNE

ICS 79.040; 93.100 Supersedes EN 13145:2001

English Version Railway applications - Track - Wood sleepers and bearers

Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Traverses et supports en

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N

E U R O P Ä I S C H E S K O M I T E E FÜ R N O R M U N G

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

Contents Page

Foreword 3

1 Scope .4

2 Normative references .4

3 Terms and definitions 4

4 Species .9

5 Forms, dimensions and tolerances 9

5.1 Forms .9

5.1.1 Sleepers .9

5.1.2 Bearers 10

5.2 Dimensions 10

5.3 Tolerances 10

6 Defects and quality features 11

6.1 Raw materials 11

6.2 Untreated sleepers and bearers 11

7 Durability and preservation 14

7.1 Durability 14

7.2 Preservation 15

7.2.1 Sleepers and bearers 15

7.2.2 Wood preservative 15

7.2.3 Penetration 15

7.2.4 Retention 15

8 Factory production control 16

9 Marking 16

Annex A (informative) Most commonly used dimensions for sleepers and bearers 17

Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC" 19

!This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of

EU Directive 2008/57/EC

For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document."

This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2011-09-06

This document supersedes EN 13145:2001

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! "

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom

1 Scope

This European Standard defines wood species, quality requirements, origin, manufacturing conditions, forms, dimensions and tolerances as well as the durability and preservation of wood sleepers and bearers for use in railway tracks It does not cover specific finishing processes that may be required by the customer It does not apply to other track timbers

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments)

EN 252 Field test method for determining the relative protective effectiveness of a wood preservative

in ground contact

EN 335-1 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Definition of hazard classes of biological

attack - Part 1: General

EN 350-2 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Natural durability of solid wood - Part 2: Guide

to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe

EN 351-1 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Preservative-treated solid wood - Part 1:

Classification of preservative penetration and retention

EN 599-1 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Performance of wood preservatives as

determined by biological tests - Part 1: Specification according to hazard class

EN 844-3:1995 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 3: General terms relating to sawn timber

EN 844-7:1997 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 7: Terms relating to the anatomical structure of

timber

EN 844-9:1997 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 9: Terms relating to features of sawn timber

EN 844-10:1998 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 10: Terms relating to stain and fungal attack

EN 844-11:1998 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 11: Terms relating to degrade by insects

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply:

red heart in beech

red or brown stain affecting the central portion of beech wood, sharply defined [EN 844-10:1998]

3.7

grey, purple heart

grey or purple discoloration of the heartwood due to fungal attack

Figure 1 - Edge grain

The line a-b is a tangent to the growth ring where it meets the upper face of the sleeper or bearer The angle is measured at c

Figure 2 - Wane 3.12

decomposition of wood by fungi or other micro-organisms resulting in softening, progressive loss of mass and

strength, and often a change of texture and colour [EN 844-10:1998]

short, narrow and shallow fissure [EN 844-9:1997]

NOTE: Caused by drying

3.26

end shake

fissure showing on the end surface [EN 844-9:1997]

NOTE: For sawn timber, possibly extending to a face or edge

3.30

bow

lengthwise curvature of a piece of timber normal to the face (see figure 4) [EN 844-3:1995]

side view Figure 4 - Bow

3.31

cup

curvature of a piece of timber across the width of the face (see figure 5) [EN 844-3:1995]

Figure 5 - Cup 3.32

twist

lengthwise spiral distortion of a piece of timber (see figure 6) [EN 844-3:1995]

Figure 6 - Twist 3.33

4 Species

The requirements of this European Standard relate to the following recommended wood species (see table 1)

Table 1 - List of wood species

Botanical name Common name (for guidance only)

European hardwoods

Quercus robur Quercus petraea Quercus pubescens

European oak

European softwoods

Pinus pinaster (Pinus maritima) Maritime pine

Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir

Tropical hardwoods

Shorea laevis, Shorea sp div. 1) Bangkirai, Selangan Batu, Balau

kumus Dicorynia guianensis Basralocus Eucalyptus marginata Jarrah Eucalyptus diversicolor Karri Ocotea rodiaei, Lauraceae

1) Different species of a kind

5 Forms, dimensions and tolerances

5.1 Forms

5.1.1 Sleepers

Sleepers shall have a nominally rectangular cross section in one of the forms as shown in figure 7 The customer shall specify which form he accepts

When ordering, the customer shall define dimensions l, e and d (see figures 7 and 8) effectively needed, as well

as the length These dimensions shall apply to sleepers and bearers ready for use or preservative treatment

NOTE: A list of the dimensions most commonly used can be found in informative annex A

- rectangular cross section 90°: max deviation 3°

NOTE: The length tolerance is conditional on both ends being cross cut at right angles to the length of the sleeper or bearer

Any deviating tolerances for sleepers or bearers which are to be installed on special, well established conditions, shall be defined by the customer

6 Defects and quality features

6.1 Raw materials

All sleepers and bearers shall be produced from freshly felled trees Logs from windfall, snow or ice-breaks, hit

by lightning or affected by fire shall be excluded When sawn, the sleepers and bearers shall be clean, without

earth, mud, ice, sawdust or any foreign matter

The logs for the production of beech sleepers and bearers shall be felled outside the regional growing season

6.2 Untreated sleepers and bearers

A period of seasoning (drying) depending on species, is normally required prior to use or processing Defects

and quality features as listed in table 2 shall be measured/assessed after seasoning but before use or

preservative treatment

Table 2 - Defects and quality features Defect / Quality feature Applicable to (species) Permissible

maximum of 50 % of the nominal width except in the chairing area of sleepers or 25 % of the nominal width of the whole length of the upper surface of bearers

European hardwoods permitted, when sound

not present sapwood shall be permitted up to the following percentages of the cross-sectional area at either end:

Table 2 - Defects and quality features (continued) Defect / Quality feature Applicable to (species) Permissible

and fungi attack and in line with figure 9

Figure 9 - Maximum accepted dimensions for red beech heart

permissible deviation from the longitudinal axis 1 in 10 when measured over a length of 600 mm

form (see 5.1)

Tropical hardwoods

permitted when intergrown with a diameter not exceeding 25 % of the width of the face on which it appears

in sleepers and bearers but not in the chairing area of sleepers

European hardwoods permitted, when intergrown dead knot

loose knot

sleepers and bearers with a maximum diameter of 20 % of the width of the face on which it appears

Drainage of water shall be ensured

diameter

sleepers is not reduced by more than 1/15th; drainage shall be ensured not permitted in the chairing area and

in the area located vertically underneath

Table 2 - Defects and quality features (continued) Defect / Quality feature Applicable to (species) Permissible

chairing area of sleepers on one face only and limited to 150 mm in length

European softwoods permitted within 75 mm of the ends Tropical hardwoods permitted within 200 mm of the ends NOTE: On request of the customer, the ends shall be secured with an approved system

upper surface of the wood

diameter of the annual ring in which

it occurs does not exceed 50 mm

max 2 mm/m for bearers

max 1 % of the length for bearers

and bearers

NOTE: Upon request of the customer, these maxima may be reduced (relaxed) by maximum

50 %

areas are co-planar but limited to:

- max 0,6 % of the total length for sleepers

- max 0,2 % of the total length for bearers

NOTE 1: Planing of the chairing area shall be permitted to fulfil the preceding requirements

NOTE 2: Upon request of the customer, these maxima may be reduced (relaxed) by maximum

50 %

sleepers and bearers

Table 2 - Defects and quality features (concluded) Defect / Quality feature Applicable to (species) Permissible

measured radially, but on sleepers and bearers not to be in the chairing area

exceeding one-half of the length of the piece

not exceeding 3 mm, and length not exceeding one-half of the length of the piece

properties of the sleeper or bearer are not affected

The requirements listed in table 3 are not normative but may be explicitly specified by the customer:

Table 3 - Additional defects and quality features Defect / Quality feature Applicable to (species) Permissible

and 65 mm from the edges at one end and limited to 65 mm from the lower face and 65 mm from the edges at the other end

7.2 Preservation

7.2.1 Sleepers and bearers

If a preservative treatment is necessary the sleepers and bearers shall be free from features which would prevent a proper application of preservative and thus impair the function of the preservative-treated sleepers and bearers in service

All dressing, notching, pre-cutting, planing and boring shall be completed before preservative treatment Prior to planing, boring or preservative treatment the moisture content of the sleeper and bearer shall be at a level appropriate to the wood preservative and method of treatment used

NOTE: To enable good preservative penetration, resistant wood species may need to be incised before

impregnation The customer may specify the moisture content of the wood before impregnation

If the sleepers and bearers need to be drilled or machined after the preservative treatment, as for example for turnouts and turnout junction rails suitable protective treatment shall be applied

Deviations from the procedures described above shall be agreed between customer and supplier

7.2.2 Wood preservative

The wood preservative used shall be creosote or shall conform to the performance requirements of hazard class

4 preservatives as defined in EN 599-1 The determination of compliance with the performance requirements of

EN 599-1 shall include data from the field test according to EN 252 and any of the additional local tests given in

When creosote oil is specified the customer may indicate the retention requirements

8 Factory production control

In order to ensure consistent quality of sleepers and bearers and of the preservative treatment, a factory production control system shall be operated according to EN 351-1 Such a system shall include the option of including direct or indirect testing methods

Where direct testing methods are used to assess the quality of preservative treatment, such methods shall be carried out on every charge of sleepers and bearers

Where a consistent relationship has been established between both the penetration and retention requirements given in 7.2.3 and 7.2.4 and other properties associated with the treated sleepers and bearers (e.g specific quantifiable parameters of the treatment process) the latter may be used to determine the quality of preservative treatment on a charge basis

NOTE: A customer inspection of the sleepers or bearers may be performed at any time

9 Marking

Every sleeper and bearer for which compliance with this standard is claimed shall bear an identification mark of the producer

Every delivery of sleepers and bearers for which compliance with this standard is claimed shall be accompanied

by documentation to give at least the following information:

- a reference to this European Standard;