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Valve bodies and ancillaries
Valve bodies and key ancillary components that come into contact with conveyed water must be constructed from PVC-U, adhering to EN 1452-1 standards and the specifications outlined in sections 4.1.2 to 4.1.4.
The evaluation of valve bodies and ancillary materials will follow Method II of ISO/TR 9080:1992, involving a pressure test as per EN 12107 and EN 921 to determine the LCL The MRS value will be calculated from the LCL, and the material classification will be conducted by the compound manufacturer in accordance with EN ISO 12162.
When there is sufficient long-term data on the impact of a material or compound change, re-evaluating the MRS is unnecessary In such instances, the values obtained from five test pieces at temperatures of 20 °C and 60 °C over a duration of 1000 to 5000 hours must fall on or above the 97.5% lower confidence limit (LCL) of the long-term characteristic curve established before the change.
4.1.3 Designation of injection-moulded material
The valve bodies and main components of the ancillaries should be made from PVC-U, unless the material has a minimum required strength (MRS) of 25 MPa or more, in which case it should be classified as PVC-UH.
1) In ISO/TC 138/SC 5 a new extrapolation method is under development, which is intended to replaceISO/TR 9080.
4.1.4 Strength of injection-moulded material
When conducting pressure tests as per EN 12107, the material must meet the specifications outlined in table 1, utilizing injection-moulded tubular test pieces as illustrated in figure 1.
Figure 1 ắắắắ Free length, l o , of injection-moulded test pieces
Characte- Require- Test parameters Test method ristic ments Parameter Value
No break during the test
Diameter Free length (see figure 1) Wall thickness
Test temperature Sampling procedure Number of test pieces Circumferencial (hoop) stress Type of test Type of end caps Test period dn ³ 50 mm lo ³ 3 dn en of pipe series 6,3 £ S £ 10
60 °C Shall conform to ENV 1452-7 Shall conform to ENV 1452-7 10,0 MPa
Additional components
All additional components, whether made from plastics or non-plastic materials, must effectively serve their intended purposes while ensuring compliance with EN 1452-5 in the construction of PVC-U valves and related equipment.
Appearance
Valves and ancillaries must have smooth and clean internal and external surfaces, free from scoring, cavities, and other defects that could hinder compliance with the standard.
Each end shall be square to its axis.
Colour
Injection-moulded valve bodies and ancillaries in PVC-U must be grey throughout their walls Ancillaries made from pipe can be grey, blue, or cream, but cream ancillaries are not permitted for above-ground applications.
Opacity
The wall of the valve shall be opaque and shall not transmit more than 0,2 % of visible light when measured in accordance with EN 578.
This requirement does not apply to cream ancillaries (see 5.2).
Measurement of dimensions
Dimensions shall be measured in accordance with prEN 496.
Nominal diameters
The nominal diameter(s), d n, of a valve and ancillaries shall correspond to, and be designated by, the nominal outside diameter(s) of the pipe(s) for which they are designed.
Valves
6.3.1.1 Dimensions of sockets and spigots for solvent cement type valves
The socket dimensions of the valve shall be the same as for sockets on pipes or fittings and shall conform to
The spigot length(s) shall be at least equal to the corresponding socket length(s).
6.3.1.2 Dimensions of sockets and spigots for ring seal type valves
The socket dimensions of the valve shall be the same as for pipes or fittings and conform to EN 1452-2:1999.
The spigot diameters shall conform to EN 1452-2:1999 and the spigot length(s) shall be the same as for fittings according to EN 1452-3:1999.
6.3.1.3 Mating dimensions for flange type valves
The mating dimensions of the flanges used on valves shall conform to EN 1452-3:1999.
6.3.2 Laying lengths and face-to-face lengths
Laying lengths (Z-lengths), or for flanged valves the face-to-face length (see 6.3.2.4), shall conform to table 2 to table 7 as applicable The deviations are given for guidance.
6.3.2.1 Valves with plain socket ends
The laying length Z for a plain socket valve is the pipe-to-pipe distance when the sockets are on the same axis, as shown in figure 2.
Figure 2 ắắắắ Valve with plain socket ends
Table 2 ắắắắ Laying lengths for valves with plain socket ends (see figure 2)
Nominal inside Laying lengths diameter of socket 1) Long Medium Short d n Z Deviation Z Deviation Z Deviation
1) Diameters and tolerances shall conform to EN 1452-2:1999.
6.3.2.2 Valves with plain spigot ends
For spigot end valves, the laying length shall be equal to the total length of valve, as shown in figure 3.
NOTE The centre-to-face length Z 1 of a three-way valve equals 0,5Z.
Figure 3 ắắắắ Valve with plain spigot ends
Table 3 ắắắắ Laying lengths for valves with plain spigot ends (see figure 3)
Spigot Laying lengths diameter 1) Long Short de = dn Z Deviation Z Deviation
1) Equal to nominal outside diameter d n Diameters and tolerances shall conform to
6.3.2.3 Valves with ring seal type sockets
NOTE l = c + m + 0,05d n to conform to EN 1452-2:1999
Figure 4 ắắắ Valve with ring seal type socketsắ
Table 4 ắắắắ Laying lengths for valves with ring seal type sockets (see figure 4)
Nominal inside diameter of socket Laying length 1) d n Z min
1) Z min is calculated using the equation Z min = 0,9d n and rounding the result to the next smaller 5 mm.
For flanged valves the laying length shall be equal to the face-to-face length (see figure 5 to figure 7).
Table 5 ắắắắ Face-to-face lengths for gate valves (see figure 5)
Nominal outside diameter of pipe
Face-to-face lengths L 1 d n DN Short 2) Deviation Long 3) Deviation
2) Conforming to table 2 of ISO 5752:1982.
3) Conforming to table 3 of ISO 5752:1982.
Table 6 ắắắ Face-to-face lengths for butterfly valves (see figure 6)ắ
Nominal outside Nominal size Face-to-face lengths diameter of pipe of flange 1) Flangeless (faces) for flange adaptors 2)
2) L 2 conforming to table 5 of ISO 5752:1982 and table 2 of ISO 7508:1985.
3) L 3 conforming to table 4 of ISO 5752:1982 and table 2 of ISO 7508:1985.
6.3.2.4.3 Plug, ball and diaphragm valves
NOTE The centre-to-face length L 5 of a three-way valve equals 0,5L 4
Figure 7 ắắắắ Plug, ball and diaphragm valves
Table 7 ắắắ Plug, ball and diaphragm valves (see figure 7)ắ
Nominal outside diameter of pipe
Face-to-face length d n DN L 4 2) Deviation
2) L 4 conforming to tables 6 and 7 of ISO 5752:1982 and table 1 of ISO 7508:1985.
Ancillary equipment: Tapping saddles
Tapping saddles, whether equipped with a shut-off device or not, must be securely attached to water supply mains using solvent cementing or mechanical fixing with elastomeric sealing Typical designs of tapping saddles are illustrated in figures 8 to 11, and their dimensions should adhere to the specifications outlined in table 8 Alternative designs are also permissible.
Figure 8 ắắắắ Socket saddle with solvent cement type socket
Figure 9 ắắắắ Tee saddle with parallel, solvent cement type socket
Figure 10 ắắắ Tee saddle with right-angled, mechanical jointắ
Table 8 ắắắ Tapping saddle dimensions (see figure 8 to figure 11)ắ
Water supply mains Outlet connection
Nominal outside diameter of pipe
Nominal outside diameter of connecting pipe
Solvent cementing socket mean inside diameter 1)
Water supply mains Outlet connection
Nominal outside diameter of pipe
Nominal outside diameter of connecting pipe
Solvent cementing socket mean inside diameter 1)
1) For diameters d 3, the tolerance is + 0 , 0 3 mm.
2) Jointing pipe thread R p shall conform to ISO 7-1.
Classification
Valves and tapping saddles are categorized based on their nominal pressure (PN) and the series (S) of the connecting pipe they are intended for The nominal pressure (PN) is directly linked to the material design stress (\$σ_s\$) of the valves and tapping saddles, following the same principles applied to pipes.
[ ] [ ] PN = ˆ 10 S σ s where: σ s = 12,5 MPa for PVC-UH material with MRS ³ 25 MPa σ s = 10,0 MPa for PVC-U material with MRS < 25 MPa.
Determination of the allowable operating pressure PFA for water up to 45 °C
The allowable operating pressure PFA for temperatures up to 20 °C shall be equal to the nominal pressure PN.
To determine the allowable operating pressure PFA for temperatures between 25 °C and 45 °C a supplementary derating factor, fT, shall be applied to the nominal pressure as follows:
This factor is given in figure A.1 of EN 1452-2:1999.
Resistance to internal pressure of valve bodies
Valve bodies and ancillary equipment subjected to hydrostatic pressure must undergo testing as outlined in EN 917:1997 This testing should utilize equipment that meets the standards of ISO/DIS 12092:1994, following the test parameters specified in table 9 The test pressures must correspond to the PN rating of the valve or ancillary equipment, in accordance with the guidelines provided in table 9.
Table 9 ắắắ Resistance of valve bodies to internal pressureắ
Charac- Require- Test pieces 1) Test parameters Test teristic ments Type Nominal Tempe- Pressure Test Type method diameter mm rature °C for PVC-U bar 2) 3) for PVC-UH bar 2) 3) period h of test
No break during the test period
Injection- moulded valve bodies dn < 160 20 3,2 ´ [PN] 1000
Injection- moulded valve bodies dn ³ 160 20 3,2 ´ [PN] 2,56´[PN] 1000
1) For sampling procedure and number of test pieces see ENV 1452-7.
2) The test pressure p, shall be determined using the following equation:
Design Test stress stress ´ [ ] PN p where
- the test stress shall be 42 MPa at 1 h and 32 MPa at 1000 h;
- the design stress shall be 10 MPa with the exception of injection-moulded PVC-UH valve bodies with d n ³ 160, for which the design stress shall be 12,5 MPa.
When a mould designed for producing a valve body of a specific nominal pressure PN using PVC-U material is repurposed for manufacturing a valve body from PVC-UH material, the nominal pressure can be increased by 1.25 times If the nominal pressure remains unchanged, the original test pressure for the PVC-U material must be preserved.
Crushing test
When testing injection-moulded parts of valves and tapping saddles that cannot withstand hydraulic pressure, it is essential to follow the EN 802 standard The tested components must not shatter when subjected to deformation.
The period between manufacture and testing, t 1 , and the conditioning period, t 2 , shall be not less than
30 min The closure speed of the press plates shall be (50 ± 5) mm/min.
Endurance properties
When tested in accordance with EN 28659 using the parameters indicated in table 10, the valve shall conform to the requirements given in table 10.
The EN 28659 standard outlines a fatigue strength test designed to verify the durability of valves in plastic piping systems for water supply, ensuring they can endure repeated opening and closing over extended periods.
Characteristic Requirement 1) Test parameters Test method
Endurance No leakage or fracture during test period
Fluid inside Internal pressure Flow velocity Tightening of gland package Ambient temperature Number of test pieces Duration
1) Directly after this endurance test the test piece shall be tested in accordance with 8.4.2.
Functional properties
According to EN 28233, the closing and opening torque must not exceed the values specified in table 11, both before and after endurance testing as outlined in section 8.3, with these values being dependent on the applicable lever-arm length.
Table 11 ắắắắ Test requirements for torque
Operative lever- arm length (mm) 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000
The valve must meet the specifications outlined in table 12 when evaluated before and after assembly testing according to EN 1452-5, at both ambient temperature and 40 °C, using the parameters specified in the same table.
When tested after endurance testing in accordance with 8.3, using the parameters indicated in table 12, the valve shall conform to the requirement given in table 12.
Table 12 ắắắắ Conditions for seat and packing test
Characte- Requirement Test parameters Test ristic Parameter Value method
No leakage during the test period
Fluid inside Fluid outside Internal pressure
Conditioning period Ambient temperature Test period
1) Maximum test pressure: ([PN] + 5) bar.
Injection-moulded PVC-U components, including valve bodies and tapping saddles, must meet the physical characteristics outlined in table 13 when tested according to the specified methods and parameters.
Characteristic Requirements Test parameters Test method
(VST) ³ 74 °C Shall conform to EN 727 EN 727
The injection-moulded component shall not show any blisters or signs of weld-line splitting 1)
Surface damage at any injection point must not exceed 30% of the wall thickness, ensuring that at least 70% of the wall remains intact Additionally, there should be no surface damage outside the injection point area.
240 min Shall conform to ENV 1452-7 Shall conform to ENV 1452-7
1) The weld-line is likely to become more pronounced, but this should not be taken as a sign of weld-line opening.
2) For sprue-gating, the area of the injection point shall be calculated using a radius R = 0,3d n with a maximum value of
For cylindrical components produced using end-gating techniques, such as ring or diaphragm methods, the gating area must be a cylindrical section with a length of \( L = 0.3d_n \) and a maximum length of 50 mm Additionally, any cracks or delamination in the wall of the cylindrical component near the injection area, aligned with the axis of the component, should not extend more than 20% of the length \( L \) specified.
According to EN 763:1994, after testing, the injection-moulded component must be removed from the hot air oven and cut along its entire length with a razor-sharp blade, followed by an examination of the exposed surfaces.
For cylindrical components with a nominal diameter (d n) of 160 mm or less, a minimum of two equally spaced cuts must be made around the periphery of each socket or spigot For components with a nominal diameter greater than 160 mm, at least four equally spaced cuts are required around the periphery of each socket or spigot.
Figure 12 ắắắắ Injection gating areas
The chemical characteristics shall conform to those required for pipes by EN 1452-2:1999.
Sealing rings shall conform to EN 1452-2:1999.
Adhesives shall conform to EN 1452-2:1999.
Valves and ancillary equipment that meet this standard must be properly connected to each other or to components that comply with other sections of EN 1452 It is essential that the valve assemblies, ancillary devices, and their joints adhere to these requirements.
General
14.1.1 Unless otherwise stated in table 14 the marking elements shall be either:
- printed or formed directly on the product; or
Ensure that a plate or label is affixed to the assembled product's body, maintaining legibility throughout storage, weathering, handling, and installation, in accordance with ENV 1452-6, to guarantee clear identification during the product's use.
The manufacturer disclaims responsibility for any illegible markings resulting from installation and usage actions, including painting, scratching, covering components, or the application of detergents on the product.
14.1.2 Marking shall not initiate cracks or other types of defects which would impair conformity to the requirements of this standard.
When printing information, it is essential that the printed color contrasts with the product's basic color Additionally, the size of the marking must be large enough to ensure legibility without the need for magnification.
Minimum required marking
The minimum required marking shall conform to table 14.
Table 14 ắắắ Minimum required marking on valves and tapping saddlesắ
- Number of the System Standard 1)
- Manufacturer's name and/or trade mark
- Nominal diameter of flange DN 4)
EN 1452 xyz e.g 63 e.g PVC-UH e.g PN 16 e.g DN 80 e.g 93.66
1) This information may either be marked directly on the product or on a plate/label attached to the product or on the packaging.
2) For nominal diameters d n £ 32 mm note 1) applies.
3) The marking of the pipe series S may be included, e.g PN 16/S 8.
To ensure traceability, it is essential to include the production period and year, either in numerical form or as a code, along with a name or code identifying the production site, especially if the manufacturer operates multiple locations both nationally and internationally.
Additional marking
Valves and tapping saddles that meet this standard and other applicable standards may bear the minimum required markings as specified by those additional standards, as referenced in note 1 of table 14.
14.3.2 Valves and tapping saddles conforming to this standard, which are third party certified may be marked accordingly.
NOTE Attention is drawn to the possible need to include CE marking when required for legislative purposes.
Imperial (inch)-sized valves and ancillary equipment
This standard's main text applies to all clauses, with the exception of those specified below, which differ in content from the main text.
A.2 Nominal sizes and pressure classes
The nominal size of a valve and its ancillary components must match and be designated according to the nominal size of the pipes they are intended for.
Valves and ancillaries shall be classified according to the following nominal pressures, as applicable:
For the purposes of 6.3, the following shall apply.
A.3.1 Dimensions of sockets and spigots for solvent cement type valves
The socket dimensions of the valve shall be the same as for pipes and fittings conforming to annex B in
A.3.2 Dimensions of sockets and spigots for sealing ring type valves
The socket dimensions of the valve shall be the same as for pipes and fittings conforming to annex B in
A.3.3 Mating dimensions for flange type valves
The mating dimensions of flanges used on valves shall conform to annex A in EN 1452-3:1999.
For imperial-sized valves 6.3.2 does not apply.
For imperial-sized ancillaries 6.4 does not apply.
For the purposes of 8.1 (Resistance of valve bodies to internal pressure) Table A.1 shall apply in place of table 9.
Table A.1 ắắắắ Resistance of valve bodies to internal pressure
Charac- Require- Type of test Test parameters Test method teristic ment piece Temp Pressure Test period
Internal pressure No failure during the test period
EN 917:1997 together with ISO/DIS 12092: 1994
NOTE The values given in note 2) to table 9 in this standard do not apply.
ENV 1452-6, Plastics piping systems for water supply — Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) —
ISO 2536, Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pressure pipes and fittings, metric series — Dimensions of flanges
ISO 5752:1982, Metal valves for use in flanged pipe systems — Face-to-face and centre-to-face dimensions ISO 7508:1985, Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) valves for pipes under pressure — Basic dimensions;