Bsi bs en 01726 1 1999 (2004)

1.2 A self-propelled industrial truck hereinafter generally referred to as a truck is any wheeled vehicle — except one running on rails — designed to carry, tow, push, lift, stack or ti

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Safety of industrial trucks — Self-propelled trucks up to and

including 10 000 kg capacity and industrial tractors with a drawbar pull up to and including

20 000 N —

Part 1: General requirements

The European Standard EN 1726-1:1998, with the incorporation of amendment A1:2003, has the status of a British Standard

ICS 53.060

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Copyright European Committee for Standardization

Provided by IHS under license with CEN

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This British Standard, having

been prepared under the

direction of the Engineering

Sector Committee, was

published under the authority

of the Standards Committee

and comes into effect

by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British

— aid enquirers to understand the text;

— present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;

— monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK

Amendments issued since publication

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drawbar pull up to and including 20 000 N —

Part 1: General requirements

(includes amendment A1:2003)Sécurité des chariots de manutention —

Chariots automoteurs de capacité n’excèdant

pas 10 000 kg et tracteurs dont l’effort au

crochet est inférieur ou égal à 20 000 N —

Partie 1: Prescriptions générales

(inclut l’amendement A1:2003)

Sicherheit von Fluföderzeugen — Motorkraftbetriebene Flurförderzeuge bis einschließlich 10 000 kg Tragfähigkeit und Schlepper bis einschließlich 20 000 N Zugkraft —

Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen (enthält Änderung A1:2003)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 October 1998; amendmentA1 was approved by CEN on 18 March 2003

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC InternalRegulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standardthe status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists andbibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained

on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,German) A version in any other language made by translation under theresponsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to theCentral Secretariat has the same status as the official versions

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom

CEN

European Committee for StandardizationComité Européen de NormalisationEuropäisches Komitee für Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

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This European Standard has been prepared by

Technical Committee CEN/TC 150, Industrial

Trucks — Safety, the Secretariat of which is held by

BSI

This European Standard shall be given the status of

a national standard, either by publication of an

identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by

May 1999, and conflicting national standards shall

be withdrawn at the latest by May 1999

This European Standard has been prepared under a

mandate given to CEN by the European

Commission and the European Free Trade

Association, and supports essential requirements of

EU Directive(s)

For relationship with EU Directive(s),

see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part

of this standard

This European Standard is one of a series of

European Standards for the safety of industrial

trucks

EN 1175-1, Safety of industrial trucks — Electrical

requirements — Part 1: General requirements for

battery-powered trucks

requirements — Part 2: General requirements for

internal combustion engine powered trucks

requirements — Part 3: Specific requirements for

electrical power transmission systems of internal

combustion engine powered trucks

EN 1459, Safety of industrial trucks —

Self-propelled variable reach trucks

Driverless industrial trucks and their systems

EN 1526, Safety of industrial trucks — Additional

requirements for automated functions on trucks

Self-propelled trucks over 10 000 kg capacity

EN 1726-1, Safety of industrial trucks —

Self-propelled trucks up to and including 10 000 kg

capacity and tractors with a drawbar pull

including 20 000 N — Part 1: General

requirements

Self-propelled trucks up to and including 10 000 kg

capacity and tractors with a drawbar pull

including 20 000 N — Part 2: Additional

requirements for trucks with elevating operator

position and trucks specifically designed to travel

with elevated loads

EN 1755, Safety of industrial trucks — Operation in

potentially explosive atmospheres: use in flammable gas, vapour, mist and dust

Pedestrian propelled trucks — Part 1: Stacker trucks

Pedestrian propelled trucks — Part 2: Pallet trucks

Pedestrian propelled trucks — Part 3: Platform trucks

Pedestrian propelled trucks — Part 4: Scissor lift pallet trucks

Test methods for measuring noise emissions

EN ISO 13564, Safety of industrial trucks —

Test methods for measuring visibility from self-propelled trucks

Test methods for measuring vibration

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is held by BSI.

This amendment to the European Standard

EN 1726-1:1998 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2004, and conflicting national standards shall

be withdrawn at the latest by June 2004

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s)

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document

This amendment to EN 1726-1:1998 covers the need

to include the requirement for operator restraint and the specification requirements and test procedure for operator restraint systems, resulting from issues raised by the EU Commission Standing Committee 98/37

This amendment A1 covers the necessary additional precautions by replacing existing text of

EN 1726-1:1998 or adding new clauses as indicated

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations

of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom

Annex A (normative) Verification of steering

Additional verification of the stability 78Annex K (normative) Trucks operated with masts tilted forward

Annex L (normative) Trucks operating with offset load — Offset determined by the utilization

Annex M (normative) Verification of overhead

Annex O (normative) Seat belt —

Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this

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0 Introduction

This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN 292-1:1991 This standard has been prepared

to be a harmonized standard to provide one means of conforming with the essential safety requirements ofthe Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regulations

The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the Scope of this standard In addition, industrialtrucks shall comply as appropriate with EN 292-1:1991 for hazards which are not covered by this standard

1 Scope

1.1 This European Standard applies to self-propelled industrial trucks including masted rough terrain

trucks (see ISO 5053:1987, 3.1.3.1.8) with removable and integrated attachments with a rated capacity up

to and including 10 000 kg and to tractors with a rated drawbar pull up to and including 20 000 N

This European Standard does not apply to:

— non-stacking low-lift straddle carriers (ISO 5053:1987, 3.1.3.2.3);

— stacking high-lift straddle carriers (ISO 5053:1987, 3.1.3.1.11);

— trucks powered by natural gas;

— single-axle industrial trucks

1.2 A self-propelled industrial truck (hereinafter generally referred to as a truck) is any wheeled vehicle —

except one running on rails — designed to carry, tow, push, lift, stack or tier in racks any kind of load and which is controlled by an operator who either walks with the truck or rides on a seat or on a specially arranged platform

A pedestrian controlled industrial truck (see ISO 5053:1987, 3.4.2) with a stand-on option is a pedestrian

controlled industrial truck for the purposes of this standard

A stand-on industrial truck (see ISO 5053:1987, 3.4.1.2) with an auxiliary seat for the operator is

considered to be a stand-on industrial truck for the purposes of this standard

1.3 This European Standard covers the technical requirements necessary to minimize the specific hazards

listed in Clause 4 which could occur during normal operation and maintenance (in accordance with the

data given by the manufacturer or their authorized representative) of industrial trucks

This European Standard does not cover those requirements to minimize hazards which may occur:

— during construction;

— when handling suspended loads which may swing freely;

— when using trucks on public roads;

— when using a work platform

This European Standard does not repeat all the technical rules which are state of the art and which are applicable to the material used to construct the industrial truck Reference should be made

to EN 292-2:1995

1.4 This European Standard applies to industrial trucks equipped with load handling devices for normal

industrial duties, e.g fork arms or platforms, or attachments for specified applications Fork arms, load platforms and integrated attachments are considered to be parts of the industrial truck

Attachments mounted on the load carrier or on the fork arms which are removable by the user are not considered to be part of the industrial truck

For attachments the appropriate clauses of this standard are applicable

1.5 Where industrial trucks are required to operate in severe conditions (e.g in extreme climates, in freezer

applications, strong magnetic fields) special precautions may be necessary These are not covered by this standard

1.6 For trucks with an elevating driver position of more than 1 200 mm and/or trucks especially designed

to travel with an elevated load of more than 1 200 mm the additional requirements of prEN 1726-2 apply

!1.7 This amendment applies to trucks put on the market after the date of publication."

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2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications

These normative references are cited at appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed

hereafter For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of any of these publications apply

to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision For undated references

the latest edition of the publication referred to applies

EN 281:1988, Construction and layout of pedals of self-propelled industrial trucks; sit-down rider-controls.

EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts — General principles for design — Part 1: Basic

terminology methodology

EN 292-2:1995, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts — General principles for design — Part 2: Technical

principles and specifications.

EN 954-1, Safety of machinery — Safety related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for

design.

EN 1175-1, Safety of industrial trucks — Electrical requirements — Part 1: General requirements for

battery-powered trucks.

EN 1175-2, Safety of industrial trucks — Electrical requirements — Part 2: General requirements for

internal combustion engine powered trucks.

EN 1175-3, Safety of industrial trucks — Electrical requirements — Part 3: Specific requirements for

electrical power transmission systems of internal combustion engine powered trucks.

EN 1526, Safety of industrial trucks — Additional requirements for automated functions on trucks.

prEN 1726-2, Safety of industrial trucks — Self-propelled trucks up to and including 10 000 kg capacity

and tractors with a drawbar pull including 20 000 N — Part 2: Additional requirements for trucks with

elevating operator position and trucks specifically designed to travel with elevated loads.

prEN 1755, Safety of industrial trucks — Operation in potentially explosive atmospheres: use in flammable

gas vapour mist and dust.

prEN 1757-1, Safety of industrial trucks — Pedestrian propelled trucks — Part 1: Stacker trucks

prEN 12053, Safety of industrial trucks — Test methods for measuring noise emissions.

prEN ISO 13564, Safety of industrial trucks — Test methods for measuring visibility from self-propelled

trucks.

prEN 13059, Safety of industrial trucks — Test methods for measuring vibration

ISO 1074:1991, Counterbalanced fork lift trucks — Stability tests.

ISO 2330:1995, Fork-lift trucks — Fork arms — Technical characteristics and testing.

ISO 2867:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Safety requirements — Access systems.

ISO/DIS 3184.2, Reach and straddle fork-lift trucks — Stability tests

ISO/DIS 3287, Powered industrial trucks — Control symbols.

ISO 3795:1989, Road vehicles and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Determination of

burning behaviour of interior materials.

ISO 5053:1987, Powered industrial trucks — Terminology, Bilingual edition.

ISO 5766:1990, Pallet stackers and high-lift platform trucks — Stability tests.

ISO 5767:1992, Industrial trucks operating in special conditions of stacking with mast tilted forward —

Additional stability tests.

ISO 6055, High-lift rider trucks — Overhead guards — Specification and testing.

ISO 6292:1996, Powered industrial trucks — Brake performance and component strength.

ISO 10525, Counterbalanced trucks handling freight containers of 6 m (20 ft) length and above —

Additional stability tests

ISO 10658:1996, Industrial trucks operating in special conditions of stacking with load offset by powered

devices — Additional stability tests.

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any trained person who is responsible for the movement and load handling of the industrial truckthe operator may be transported by the industrial truck, or may be on foot accompanying the truck or may

be remote from the truck (cables, radio etc.)

3.2 normal operating position

position in which the operator shall be able to control all functions for driving and load handling

3.3 low lift height

lifting height providing sufficient ground clearance for horizontal transport of loads up to and including 500 mm

NOTE Non-stacking.

3.4 automatically acting brakes

brakes which are applied in non-operated conditions by stored energy, e.g spring force, until released by sustained force under the control of the operator

the brake is automatically applied in the event of failure of energy supply to the brake system

3.5 normal operating conditions

normal operating conditions are those described in the stability documents as shown in 5.8

The following applies to trucks for which stability tests are not specified:

a) driving (travelling and lifting) on substantially firm, smooth, level and prepared surfaces;

b) driving with the load centre of gravity approximately on the longitudinal centre plane of the truck;

c) travelling with the mast or fork arms tilted backwards, where applicable, and the load in the lowered (travelling) position

NOTE to a) The precise floor conditions differ with the type of truck, e.g a reach truck with small solid tyres requires a smoother and more level floor than a counterbalanced truck with larger pneumatic tyres The floor conditions on which the type of truck is

designed to operate shall be specified in the instruction manual (see 7.2.2).

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3.6 Rated capacity

3.6.1

rated capacity of high lift trucks

load in kilograms, given by the manufacturer, that the truck type is capable of transporting or lifting under

the following specific conditions

For the load Q the following conditions apply:

— load centre of gravity G (see Figure 1) position in the standard load centre distance D (3.9);

— load Q vertical stacked to the standard lift height (3.8);

— trucks equipped with a double mast where the maximum lift height is equal to the standard lift

height When the truck does not utilize a double mast it shall be given a rated capacity on the standard

lift height as if the mast were available

3.6.2

rated capacity of trucks with low lift height

the rated capacity is the maximum load in kilograms permitted by the manufacturer and uniformly

distributed over the load carrying platform or device, that the truck is capable of transporting and lifting

under normal use

the rated capacity is equal to the actual capacity

NOTE This also applies to trucks with fixed platforms.

3.6.3

rated capacity of removable attachments

the maximum load in kilograms and load centre distance, where appropriate, that the attachment is

capable of handling in normal operation under conditions specified by the attachment manufacturer

3.7

actual capacity

the maximum load in kilograms depending on lift height, load centre and attachments, permitted by the

manufacturer that the subject truck is capable of transporting or lifting in normal use (the use for which a

truck is designed according to the manufacturer or his authorized representative)

actual capacity may vary with the different types and heights of mast fitted, and the different standard

load centre distances (3.9) used in rating

additional actual capacity ratings with removable attachments may also be established where permitted

by the appropriate stability tests

D = standard load centre distance

G = load centre of gravity, positioned in the longitudinal plane of symmetry between the mast uprights

H = standard lift height

Q = rated load

Figure 1

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3.8 standard lift height

height H in millimetres measured from the ground to the upper face of the fork blades or lifting platform

these heights are standardized as follows:

3.9 standard load centre distance

distance D in millimetres measured horizontally and vertically between the centre of gravity of the load G

and the front face of the fork shank and the upper face of the fork blade (Figure 1)The standard load centre distances are:

— for counterbalanced trucks, as specified in Table 1:

Table 1

— for single side-loading trucks and lateral and front stacking trucks, as specified by the manufacturer;

— for trucks for special applications, in relation to the application;

— for all other trucks 600 mm

3.10 rated drawbar pull of tractors

the horizontal drawbar pull at the coupling, in newtons, given by the manufacturer, that the industrial tractor can develop at a specified coupling height whilst travelling on a smooth, dry and horizontal concrete surface:

— for tractors powered by an internal combustion engine, whilst moving at a uniform speed of not less than 10 % of the rated no-load speed; and

— for battery powered tractors, which can be sustained continuously for a period of 1 hFor stand-on or sit-on tractors the rated drawbar pull shall be established using an operator’s mass of 90 kg (ballasted accordingly)

NOTE The requirements for the quality of the floor may differ for the floor used indoors and outdoors This floor quality depends on

the operating conditions of the tractor These conditions shall be specified in the instruction handbook (see 7.2.2).

3.11 forward driving direction and front end

the arrow shows the forward direction of the truck (priority travel)The front end of the truck is the end nearest to the arrow

H = 2 500 mm for pallet stackers and high-lift platform trucks having a width across fork arms or

platform up to and including 690 mm;

H = 3 300 mm for all other types of truck

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -3.11.1

sit-on trucks

a) Counterbalanced lift truck b) Straddle or reach truck (with retractable mast or fork)

c) Straddle or reach truck (with retractable mast or

fork) with the operator is facing at right angles to the

normal line of travel

d) Towing tractor – Front-end control

e) Towing tractor – Rear-end control f) Fixed-platform truck

g) Counterbalanced lift truck with the operator

facing at right angles to the normal line of travel h) Lateral stacking truck with the operator facing at right angles to the normal line of travel

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -© BSI 19 March 2004 11

i) Lateral stacking trucks with the operator seated

k) Side-loading truck with the operator facing at the right angles to the normal line of travel l) Multi-directional reach trucks with the operator facing at right angles to the normal line of travel

m) Multi-directional reach truck with the operator

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -a) Counterbalanced lift truck with steering wheel b) Counterbalanced lift truck with tiller control, operator facing

away from load

c) Straddle or reach truck (with retractable mast or fork) d) Towing tractor with tiller

e) Straddle or reach truck (with retractable mast or fork)

with operator facing approximately at right angles to the

normal line of travel

f) High-lift or low-lift platform truck or powered pallet truck or pallet stacker

g) Powered pallet truck with tiller and platform and

operator facing substantially away from the direction of

forward travel

NOTE The platform may be a fold away type —

the truck will then change to pedestrian operation

(see Figure 29).

h) High-lift platform or fixed platform truck, powered pallet truck or pallet stacker with operator facing approximately at right angles to the normal line of travel

i) Order picker truck with tiller control

(elevating operator position possible) j) Order picker truck with steering wheel (elevating operator position possible)

k) Order picker truck with steering wheel (elevating

operator position possible)

Figure 26

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3.11.3 pedestrian-controlled trucks with tiller

a) Pallet truck or high-lift pallet truck b) High-lift or fixed platform truck

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -4 List of hazards

The following hazards from EN 414:1992, Annex A, are applicable in the situations described and could

involve risks to persons if not reduced or eliminated The corresponding requirements are designed to limit

the risk or reduce these hazards in each situation

5.7.5 Protection from road wheels

5.7.7 Protection against crushing, shearing and trapping points

5.9.1 Operator’s overhead guard

5.9.3 Warning device

5.9.5 Towing devices

5.10.1 Visibility

5.11.1.1 Cab headroom 5.11.5 Transport

7.2.2 Operation of the truck

4.1.4 Entanglement hazard 5.5.3 Engine access

4.1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.5.3 Engine access

! 5.7.8 Operator restraint"

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4.1.6 Impact hazard

— from mechanical failure 5.1.2 Calculation

5.6.1 Lift chains and wire ropes

5.6.2 Mechanical lifting system

5.6.3 Hydraulic lifting and tilting system

5.6.5 Fork arms

6.2 Structural verification

— from unstable loads 5.6.2 Mechanical lifting system

5.6.5.2 Fork arms 5.6.6 Fork carriers

4.1.7 Stabbing or puncture hazard 5.1.3 Edges or angles

7.2.5 Service and maintenance of the truck

4.1.8 Friction or abrasion hazard — Not applicable

4.1.9 High pressure fluid ejection 5.1.4 Stored energy components

5.6.4.1 Hydraulic circuit 5.6.4.2 Pressure control 5.6.7.3 Hydraulic system: attachments 5.6.7.4 Hydraulic systems: combined 7.2.2 Operation of the truck

4.1.10 Ejection of parts See 4.10.2

4.1.11 Loss of stability 5.2.3 Driving speed

5.6.3.4 Hydraulic tilting systems 5.8 Stability

4.1.12 Slip, trip and fall hazards 5.7.2 Operator access and egress

5.7.3 Platform

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -4.2 Electrical hazards

4.2.1 Electrical contact 5.1.1 Electrical requirements

4.2.2 Electrostatic phenomena — Not covered by this standard

4.2.3 Thermal radiation — Not applicable

4.2.4 External influences — Not covered by this standard

4.3 Thermal hazards

4.3.1 Burns and scalds 5.5.1 Exhaust system

5.7.6 Protection from burning

4.3.2 Severe climatic conditions 5.11.1 Cab

4.4 Hazards generated by noise

4.4.1 Hearing loss 5.11.2 Noise emission

7.2.1 Concerning the truck/attachment

4.4.2 Interference with speech 5.11.2 Noise emission

4.5 Hazards generated by vibration 5.11.3 Vibration

7.2 Instruction handbook

4.6 Hazards generated by radiation — Not covered by this standard

4.7 Hazards generated by materials

4.7.1 Contact or inhalation 5.5.1 Exhaust systems

5.11.1.3 Totally enclosed cab 7.2.4 Details for internal combustion engine powered trucks

4.7.2 Fire or explosion 5.1.1 Electrical requirements

5.5.2 Fuel tanks

5.5.4 LPG requirements

5.11.1.2 Fire resistance material 7.2.1 Concerning the truck/attachment

4.7.3 Biological and microbiological

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -© BSI 19 March 2004 17

ergonomics

4.8.1 Unhealthy postures or excess

5.7.2 Operator access and egress

5.7.4 Operator’s seat

5.9.1.1 Overhead guard: headroom 5.11.1.1 Cab headroom

4.8.2 Inadequacy with human

anatomy and comfort 5.4.3.3 Steering shock restriction (not dealt with for tractors)

5.5.1 Exhaust system

5.11.1.3 Totally enclosed cab 5.11.1.4 Operator’s cab, heater 7.2.1 Concerning the truck/attachment

4.8.3 Neglected use of personal

4.8.4 Inadequate local lighting 5.10.2 Truck lighting

4.8.5 Mental overload or underload — Not applicable

4.8.6 Human errors 5.4.7 Marking

7.2 Instruction handbook

7.3.3.4 Warning symbols

4.10 Hazards due to functional

disorders

4.10.1 Failure of energy supply 5.3.3 Automatically acting brakes

5.4.3.2 Failure of power supply 5.6.4.3 Failure of energy supply

4.10.2 — Ejection of parts — Not applicable

4.10.3 Failure of control system 5.1.1 Electrical requirements

5.2.2 Unintentional movement

5.6.4 Hydraulic system

5.6.7.3 Hydraulic system: attachments 5.6.7.4 Hydraulic systems: combined 7.2.5 Service and maintenance of the truck

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -Hazard Corresponding requirement

4.10.4 Errors of fitting 5.1.4 Stored energy components

7.2.6 Transportation, commissioning and storage

4.10.5 Loss of machinery stability See 4.1.11

4.11 Hazards due to missing safety

Additional hazards due to mobility

4.12 Inadequate lighting of

4.13 Hazards due to sudden

movement, instability etc

4.14.1 Hazards due to dangerous

environments (contact with

moving parts, exhaust

gases etc.)

5.7 Operator position

5.7.7.3 Protection of the foot 5.11.4 Operation in potentially explosive atmosphere

4.14.2 Inadequate visibility from

operator’s position 5.10.1 5.11.1.5 Windscreen wipers Visibility

— on pedestrian-controlled

4.14.3 Inadequate seat/seating 5.7 Operator’s position

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -© BSI 19 March 2004 19

4.14.4 Inadequate/ergonomic

design/positioning of controls

— distance between the levers — Not covered by this standard

— controls of manually operated lifting systems 5.4.4.2 Controls

— strength of brake

— controls for automated

— construction and layout of

4.14.5 Starting/moving of

self-propelled machinery

— additional operator

4.14.6 Road traffic of self-propelled

machinery

— direction of movement 5.4.2 Travel and braking controls

5.4.2.4 Differential lock 5.4.3.1 Steering direction 5.4.5 Multi-function controls

— controls for remote control 5.4.2.5 Additional operation from outside the truck

4.15.1 Hazards to exposed persons due

to uncontrolled movement 5.4.1.1 Arrangement of controls

5.6.3.1 Hydraulic lifting system 5.6.3.4 Hydraulic tilting system

4.15.2 Hazards due to break-up and/or

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -Hazard Corresponding requirement

4.15.3 Hazards due to rolling over

(deflection limiting volume;

4.15.4 Hazards due to falling objects

4.15.7 Hazards due to batteries, fire,

5.5.2 Fuel tank

5.5.4 LPG requirements

7.2.3 Details for battery powered trucks

7.2.4 Details for internal combustion engine powered trucks

Additional hazards due to lifting operation

4.16.1 Lack of stability 5.8 Stability

4.16.2 Derailment of machinery — Not applicable

4.16.3 Loss of mechanical strength of

machinery and lifting

accessories

5.1.2 Calculation

5.6.1 Lift chains and wire ropes

5.6.5 Fork arms

5.6.7 Attachments

6.1 Verification, General

6.2 Structural verification

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5.1.4 Stored energy components

Stored energy components which cannot be removed or disassembled without decompression, e.g hydraulic accumulator or spring applied brakes, shall have the capability of decompression

4.16.4 Hazards caused by uncontrolled

5.4.4 Load handling controls

5.4.5 Multi-function controls

5.4.6 Controls for automated function

5.6.4 Hydraulic system

5.6.7.2 Attachments 5.6.7.3 Hydraulic system: attachments 5.6.7.4 Hydraulic systems: combined 5.6.7.5 Spreader

4.17 Inadequate view of trajectories

4.18 Hazards caused by lightning — Not applicable

4.19 Hazards due to

5.8 Stability

6.1 Verification, General

N Informative annex, Loading control

4.20 Hazards due to pressure vessels — Not covered by this standard

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -5.2 Starting/moving

5.2.1 Unintended starting

All trucks shall be provided with a device (e.g a key) which prevents unintended starting by any

unauthorized person Devices for pedestrian controlled trucks and rider controlled trucks manufactured by

the same manufacturer shall not be interchangeable between the two truck types

5.2.2 Unintentional movement

5.2.2.1 A parking brake shall be provided complying with 5.3.1

5.2.2.2 Internal combustion engine powered trucks shall be fitted with a device which prevents the engine

being started whilst the transmission is engaged

5.2.2.3 Travel controls on internal combustion engine powered trucks shall be so arranged that on level

ground the truck will not move from rest until the transmission has been engaged

When the transmission is engaged, the internal combustion engine powered truck shall not move faster

than 2,5 km/h as long as the controls for the driving speed are not activated

5.2.2.4 On rider controlled trucks, means shall be provided to prevent powered travel when the operator

dismounts from the truck On internal combustion engine powered trucks, the parking brake and neutral

travel control applied by the operator may be used to satisfy this requirement

5.2.2.5 Movement of battery powered trucks shall not be possible while only the protection device against

unintended use as specified in 5.2.1 is activated Internal combustion engine powered trucks shall comply

with 5.2.2.2

5.2.3 Driving speed

5.2.3.1 Single speed pedestrian controlled trucks operating on level ground shall not exceed a travel speed

of 4 km/h and acceleration of 0,5 m/s2 and shall be designed for low-lift only Variable speed pedestrian

controlled trucks operating on level ground shall not exceed a travel speed of 6 km/h and shall be

controllable to align with the speed of the operator on foot

5.2.3.2 Stand-on trucks shall be so designed that on level ground they are not capable of speeds in excess

of 16 km/h

5.3 Brakes

5.3.1 All trucks shall be designed with service and parking brakes complying with ISO 6292:1996

5.3.2 Stand-on and pedestrian-controlled trucks shall have an automatically acting brake This brake can

be service as well as parking brake

5.3.3 Failure of the power supply for automatically acting brakes shall not result in loss of braking

5.3.4 Trucks that travel with elevated operator position and/or elevated load up to and including 1 200 mm

(e.g ISO 5053:1987, 3.1.3.1.6, 3.1.3.3) shall meet the braking requirements of Class C of Table 1

of ISO 6292:1996

5.4 Controls

5.4.1 General

5.4.1.1 Controls shall, where practicable, be consistent with the truck motions being operated and shall be

confined within the plan view outline of the truck or tiller

5.4.1.2 If additional operating positions are fitted, the operation of the controls shall only be possible from

one operating position at a time, except the emergency switch-off

5.4.2 Travel and braking controls

The motion of the speed operating control shall be designed so that an increase in the action of the control

increases the travel speed When the control is released, its action shall return to neutral

5.4.2.1 Sit-on trucks

Pedal operated travel and braking controls shall comply with EN 281:1988

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -© BSI 19 March 2004 23

5.4.2.2 Stand-on trucks

a) The foot operated automatically acting brake system shall be released by pressing down on the pedal.b) When a tiller is fitted, it shall be provided with control devices for travel direction and speed

c) Brakes shall be automatically applied:

— when they are operated by the tiller and when this tiller is released;

— when they are operated by the travel-control switch and when this travel-control switch is released

5.4.2.3 Pedestrian controlled trucks

a) The tiller shall be fitted with control devices for travel direction and speed

b) When the tiller is released, it shall automatically return to its upper rest position, cut off power to the drive unit and engage the brake

c) When the tiller is in its lower position, the power to the drive unit shall be cut off and the brake shall

be engaged

5.4.2.4 Differential lock

a) If the truck is fitted with a differential lock which is pedal operated, depression of the pedal shall lock the differential

b) Unlocking shall be possible during travel

5.4.2.5 Additional operation from outside the truck

If travel control from outside the truck is provided for the operator on sit-on or stand-on trucks, when operated from the outside, the truck shall not be allowed to move faster than a speed of 6 km/h and tractors not more than 4 km/h These controls can be attached to the truck or remote control can be provided The operating system can be made operable by means of a separate switch or automatically when the operator

leaves the truck or tractor overriding the requirements of 5.2.2.4

a) All trucks

As soon as the operating element is released, the drive unit shall switch off automatically and the brake system engaged Simultaneous operation from the operator position shall be excluded

b) Additional requirements for remote control cable connected:

— length and layout of the cables shall allow the operator to operate from outside of the area of hazard

of the truck and having visibility of the road It shall not be possible for the cable to become entangled with the wheels;

— on the portable control panel the control elements for movement, with the exception of emergency stop, shall be safeguarded against inadvertent operation

c) Additional requirements for cableless remote control:

— the transmission range shall be adequate to allow the operator to operate from outside the area of hazards of the truck and having visibility of the road;

— no mutual influence shall be possible when more than one truck is operating under remote control

at the same time;

— the loop signal shall be sent continuously and repeatedly during operation In the case of failure in

the communication the requirements of 5.4.2.5a) shall be met in no more than 0,5 s;

— the reliability level shall be at least 10p9 and the hamming distance shall be 2;

— the remote control shall meet the requirements of EN 954-1, Category 1;

— on the portable control panel, the control element for movement with exception of the emergency stop shall be safeguarded against unintentional operation

d) Additional requirements for trucks with towing coupling:

— the controls (e.g rear touch device) shall be arranged so that the operator does not have to step between the truck and the trailer to operate them;

— the rear touch device shall be secured against unauthorized use and unintentional operation;

— when operating the rear touch device the truck shall travel at a speed of not more than 2,5 km/h

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -5.4.3 Steering controls

5.4.3.1 Steering direction

a) For stand-on or sit-on trucks, clockwise rotation of the steering wheel or any other steering operating control shall steer the truck to the right when driving forwards When the truck is equipped with a rotating operator seat or dual operating system, clockwise motion of the steering wheel shall result in a steering direction to the right-hand side of the operator when the truck is driving in the opposite direction and the operator is looking in this direction

b) For tiller steered trucks, clockwise rotation of the tiller shall move the steer wheel clockwise

5.4.3.2 Failure of power supply

In the event of an interruption of the power supplied to the steering system (including a dead motor or engine) it shall be possible to maintain the path being steered until the truck is brought to a controlled stop

5.4.3.3 Steering shock restriction

The transmission of shocks from the ground to the steering wheel of sit-on and stand-on trucks except tractors shall be limited and shall comply with the requirements of Annex A

5.4.4 Load handling controls

5.4.4.1 Controls shall return to neutral when released, even in the case of accidental operation, stopping

all load movement

5.4.4.2 The hand power forces and the layout of controls of manually operated lifting systems shall comply

with prEN 1757-1

5.4.5 Multi-function controls

Where a control performs more than one function, each separate function shall be clearly marked

5.4.6 Controls for automated functions

The controls shall comply with prEN 1526

5.4.7 Marking

For marking controls, graphic symbols complying with 7.3.1.4 are sufficient

5.5 Power systems and accessories

5.5.1 Exhaust system

Exhaust systems shall be so designed that the health of the operator is not impaired by temperature rises

(see 5.7.6) or exhaust gases (see 7.2.4)

5.5.2 Fuel tank

5.5.2.1 If a fuel tank is within or contiguous to the engine compartment and excessively high temperatures

may occur, the tank and/or filling arrangement shall be isolated from the electrical and exhaust systems

by suitable protection, e.g a separate enclosure or baffles The tank location and facilities for filling shall

be such that spillage or leakage will not drain into the engine compartment or onto electrical or exhaust system parts

5.5.2.2 Fuel spillage shall not be possible under normal operating conditions

5.5.3 Engine access

5.5.3.1 If when the engine cover is open there are unguarded moving parts within the engine compartment,

access to the compartment shall be possible only by means of a key or tool, or by a release handle within a lockable operator’s cab

5.5.3.2 Opening access covers, such as traction battery or engine covers, shall be provided with means of

preventing unintentional closure, where such unintentional closure could cause an injury

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -© BSI 19 March 2004 25

5.5.4 Additional requirements for internal combustion engine powered trucks using liquefied

petroleum gas (LPG)

5.5.4.1 Container

a) Containers for LPG shall be either permanently fixed on the truck or removable

b) Removable containers shall be secured on the truck in such a way that only intentional release is possible

c) Pipe fittings and accessories on containers shall be protected against mechanical damage when used

as specified by the manufacturer

d) Containers, whether fixed or removable, shall be equipped with a device to prevent unintentional emission of gas or liquid, particularly in the case of a pipe failure This does not apply to pressure relief valves

e) The fuel take-off on the container shall be equipped with an easily and quickly accessible manually operated valve The position and method of operation of this valve shall be clearly marked on the outside

of the truck on or near the valve

f) The fuel take-off shall be in a liquid form unless the container and engine are specially equipped for a direct vapour withdrawal

g) Containers to be filled by the user shall have the following fitted

— A safety pressure relief valve shall be connected to the vapour space of the container Where such containers are fitted inside compartments of trucks, the discharge side of the relief valve shall be piped

to atmosphere The gas shall be led away safely [See also 5.5.4.3d)].

— A fixed maximum level indicating device shall be fitted Where containers are fitted inside compartments of trucks, the discharge side of any maximum level indicating device which relies on bleeding gas to atmosphere shall terminate at a readily visible position on the outside of the truck

— Maximum level indicating devices which rely on bleeding to atmosphere shall be designed so that the bleed hole is not larger than 1,5 mm in diameter and also so that the parts of the device cannot be completely withdrawn in normal gauging operations

— Maximum liquid level devices shall be suitable for the LPG in use, indicate the maximum product level and shall not vent to atmosphere

h) If containers are installed in a compartment, this compartment shall have permanent openings at the bottom The total surface area of these ventilation openings shall be at least 200 cm2 allowing adequate ventilation to the outside atmosphere and without risk to the operator

i) When containers are removable, their fastenings shall permit easy handling and checking of the installation after the exchange of containers

j) Removable containers which incorporate a safety pressure relief valve shall be so positioned on the truck that the safety pressure relief valve opening is always in communication with the vapour space at the top of the container This may be accomplished by an indexing pin which positions the container when the container is properly installed

k) If an additional container is carried on the truck, it shall be secured in the same manner as the main container

l) Containers shall be positioned in such a way that they are not exposed to the damaging effects of heat, particularly heat from the engine and the exhaust system It shall be possible to fit a heat shield which shall not inhibit ventilation under any circumstances

m) Containers shall be fitted on the truck in such a way that they are not unduly exposed to abrasion or shock nor to the corrosive action of the products handled by the truck

n) Containers and their connections shall be installed in such a way that there are no projections outside the plan view outline of the truck

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -5.5.4.2 LPG piping

a) Connecting piping and all associated parts shall be easily accessible, protected against damage and

wear, and flexible enough to withstand vibration and deformation in service, as follows:

— piping shall be so arranged that damage or leaks are easily detectable;

— piping shall be installed in such a way that it cannot be damaged by the hot parts of the engine;

— fully rigid pipes shall not be used for connecting the container to equipment on the engine

b) Pressure flexible hoses above 1 bar shall be supported at least every 500 mm Rigid pipes shall be

supported at least every 600 mm

c) Hoses, pipes and all connections operating at pressures above 1 bar shall be suitable for a working

pressure of 25 bar and shall withstand without bursting a test pressure of 75 bar Hoses, pipes and all

connections operating below 1 bar shall withstand without bursting a test pressure of five times the

maximum pressure likely to be encountered in service

d) Excessive pressure shall be avoided in any section of pipe work containing LPG in liquid form between two shut-off valves which may be closed, e.g a pressure relief valve or other suitable means may be used

if necessary

e) Aluminium piping shall not be used in LPG lines

f) Hose lengths shall be as short as practical

g) Pressure unions and joints above 1 bar shall be made of metal except for any constrained sealing

c) If the truck is equipped with two or more containers to supply fuel, they shall be connected via a

multiway valve, or other suitable means, so that LPG can only be drawn from one container at a time

The use of two or more containers at the same time shall not be possible

d) Safety pressure relief valves or liquid level indicators shall be installed in such a way that they cannot discharge in the direction of the operator or onto truck components which may be a source of ignition

e) If corrosion of a part would interfere with its proper functioning, that part shall be provided with a

corrosion-resistant protective coating

f) All fuel system components shall be firmly secured to the truck

g) Pressure reducing valves shall be readily accessible for inspection and maintenance

5.6 Systems for lifting and tilting

5.6.1 Lift chains and wire ropes

Chains and wire ropes shall have a certificate on record from the chain or wire rope manufacturer, showing the breaking load

structure, given by the equation:

Pulley diameters shall be at least three times the pitch of the chains

max load of the truck dead weight of the lifting mechanism carried by the chains+

-=

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The diameter of wire rope guide pulleys, measured from the bottom of the groove, shall be at least 22 times the diameter of the wire rope

Splicing of wire ropes except at the terminal ends is not allowed

5.6.2 Mechanical lifting system

5.6.2.1 The lifting system shall comply with the requirements of 5.6.3.3

5.6.2.2 When mechanical lifting systems are used it shall not under normal operation be possible to lower

the load using a friction brake

5.6.2.3 In the event of failure of the mechanism or its parts (e.g gearwheel, chainwheel, spindle or rope

pulley) it shall not cause the elevated driver position and/or the load to fall This requirement also applies

to rack and pinion lifting systems or with spindle drive

5.6.2.4 The lowering speed of the lifting mechanism with its rated load shall not exceed 0,6 m/s

5.6.3 Hydraulic lifting and tilting system 5.6.3.1 Hydraulic lifting system

With the mast substantially vertical, the descent of the rated load caused by an internal leakage in the hydraulic system shall not exceed 100 mm during the first 10 min with the oil in the hydraulic system at normal operating temperature

5.6.3.2 Lowering speed limitation

A control device shall be incorporated in the lift circuit which even in the event of a failure of the hydraulic circuit, excluding the hydraulic lift cylinder(s), shall restrict the rate of descent of the lifting mechanism with its rated load to 0,6 m/s maximum

5.6.3.3 Limitation of stroke

The lift assembly shall be fitted with stops to prevent over-travel In addition, means shall be provided to prevent the fork carrier and moving elements of the mast structure from accidentally disengaging from the upper end of the mast

5.6.3.4 Hydraulic tilting systems

The internal leakage rate of the complete hydraulic tilting system (i.e cylinder, valve, etc.) with the oil at normal operating temperature shall allow an average tilting speed of the mast to the front of less than 5°

in the first 10 min, from the vertical mast position when the rated load is at a height of 2 500 mm or, in the case of trucks with lift heights of less than 2 500 mm, at their maximum lift height The average tilting speed allowed by leakages shall not exceed 0,5°/min for trucks with a maximum forward tilt of less than 5°

max load of the truck dead weight of the lifting mechanism carried by the wire rope+ s -

=

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -5.6.4 Hydraulic system

5.6.4.1 Hydraulic circuit

All hoses, piping and connections subject to internal pressure shall be capable of withstanding without bursting a pressure equal to at least three times the operating pressure to which the respective hydraulic circuit may be subjected

5.6.4.2 Pressure control

All hydraulic systems shall include a device which prevents the pressure in the system from exceeding a pre-set level The device shall be so designed and fitted that accidental loosening or adjustment is avoided and so that a tool or key is required to alter the pressure setting

NOTE For loading control see informative Annex N

5.6.4.3 Failure of energy supply to hydraulic circuit

In the case of a fault or interruption of the supply of energy, the design of the hydraulic installation shall

be such that the hydraulic pressure in the system does not unintentionally cause the pump to function as

a hydraulic motor

5.6.4.4 Oil filter

The hydraulic system shall be protected against the risk of contamination of the hydraulic oil e.g by means

of magnet(s), filter(s) etc

5.6.5 Fork arms

5.6.5.1 Fork arms of solid section shall be in accordance with ISO 2330:1995 The total capacity of the fork

arms fitted to a truck shall not be less than the maximum actual capacity of the truck

5.6.5.2 Means shall be provided to prevent unintentional lateral displacement of the fork arms on the fork

carrier

5.6.6 Fork carriers

5.6.6.1 Means shall be provided on the fork carrier to prevent unintentional lateral disengagement of the

fork arms at the extremities

5.6.6.2 If a fork arm removal slot is provided at the bottom of the fork carrier, it shall not be positioned

opposite a slot at the top of the fork carrier unless means are provided to prevent the fork arm being unintentionally disengaged from the fork carrier

5.6.7 Attachments

5.6.7.1 Attachments shall be designed and manufactured in such a way that unintentional lateral

displacement or detachment from the truck is prevented Movement of the attachment and its parts shall

be mechanically limited at the extreme positions

5.6.7.2 Clamping devices shall be designed in such a way that the load is automatically retained for 10 min

by means of non-return valves or any other effective system when the truck’s control mechanisms are in the neutral position or in the event of a malfunction in the power supply system for the attachment

5.6.7.3 If an attachment has its own separate hydraulic system, it shall comply with 5.6.4

5.6.7.4 If an attachment has a hydraulic system which is connected to the truck hydraulic system, the two

systems shall be compatible and the combined systems shall comply with 5.6.4

5.6.7.5 On spreaders for top lifting of freight containers, a device shall be provided that prevents the

containers being lifted unless all four twist locks are fully engaged and locked All attachments for the handling of freight containers shall be fitted with a device to prevent unlocking of the interface mechanism when the container is suspended

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be less than those shown in Figure 32, Figure 33, Figure 34 and Figure 35

The floor space to be provided for the operator for the lower part of the standing operator’s body (feet to hips) shall not be less than 1 400 cm2 and shall also be capable of housing a circle 360 mm in diameter (see Figure 34)

Where there are facilities for additional personnel these minimum dimensions are applicable

The operator positions shall be arranged and structured in such a way that, in the normal operating position, the operator is able to reach and operate all the controls whilst maintaining an ergonomic posture

Seated operator

1) The dimension of 50 mm applies to the top edge of the seat back

Figure 32 — Front-seated Figure 33 — Side-seated

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -5.7.2 Operator access and egress

5.7.2.1 For access to and egress from the normal operating position with a floor height above 300 mm,

hand-hold(s) shall be provided which may be part of the truck structure The clearance dimension for a hand-hold shall be at least of 45 mm width, 130 mm length and have a diameter of 15 mm (see Figure 36)

Standing operator

2) From hip to shoulders

3) The hip height is a maximum dimension

Figure 34 — Plan view of standing space

seen from front (or back) Figure 35 — Vertical view of standing space

Figure 36 — Hand hold

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5.7.2.2 When the operator’s compartment floor height is greater than 550 mm, a step or steps shall be

provided The first step shall not be more than 550 mm from ground level, succeeding steps shall be equally spaced at intervals not exceeding 550 mm Step width, instep clearance and toe clearance shall comply with ISO 2867:1994

5.7.2.3 The compartment floor frequented by the operator, steps and walkways shall have a slip-resistant

surface, e.g ribbed mats, abrasive coating, expanded metal Walkways more than 2 000 mm from the ground shall have guard rails 1 000 mm to 1 100 mm high

5.7.3 Platform

5.7.3.1 Operators’ stand-on platforms on end-controlled pedestrian and stand-on trucks shall be

dimensioned in accordance with 5.7.1 and be capable of withstanding a compression force corresponding

to 2,5 times the mass of the laden truck applied along the longitudinal axis of the truck with the outermost projection of the platform against a flat vertical surface For the purpose of this section, the operator’s platform includes any surrounding reinforcement or parts of the truck which provide resistance to crushing

of the platform

5.7.3.2 Operators’ stand-on platforms which overhang the truck chassis on trucks capable of more

than 6 km/h shall be provided with guards at the sides or outside edge of the platform The guard shall be capable of withstanding a horizontal force of 900 N acting from inside to outside applied in line with the centre of the operator’s standing position at a height of 900 mm from the platform without permanent deformation Travelling shall only be possible when the platform and guards are in their normal operating position Side guards used with folding platforms may be of the folding or pivoting type

5.7.3.3 Operators’ stand-on platforms which are fitted to pedestrian controlled trucks and overhang the

truck’s chassis shall be capable of being folded or pivoted to an upright position when the operator leaves the platform; this may be done automatically

For platforms which do not act automatically, devices shall be provided to prevent the truck manoeuvring

or travelling unless the operator is standing on the platform or the platform is in its upper rest position

5.7.3.4 Operators’ stand-on platforms which are at heights of more than 1 200 mm and up to and

including 3 000 mm above the floor shall be equipped with means of protection on two sides

Above 3 000 mm the means shall be extended to the whole area accessible to the operator The means of protection may be rails or other equally effective means Where rails are fitted they shall comprise top rails, intermediate rails and toe boards to a height of not less than 900 mm or more than 1 100 mm measured from the upper surface of the top rail to the platform, the toe boards having a minimum height of 100 mm The rails shall be capable of withstanding without permanent deformation a force of 900 N applied in a vertical downwards direction and in a horizontal direction from inside to outside Rails shall not be capable

c) If a seat has a facility allowing it to swivel about a vertical axis, this shall be possible at all seat adjustment positions without unintentional operation of controls

d) The seat mounting shall withstand the forces which may occur during operation e.g braking forces.e) The requirements of a) to d) also apply to additional operators’ seats

f) When using an auxiliary seat on a stand-on industrial truck, a padded seat surface and back rest of a seat is sufficient If the operating space of the stand-on operator is restricted, the auxiliary seat shall be capable of being folded or pivoted

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -5.7.5 Protection from road wheels and objects thrown up

5.7.5.1 Seated and stand-on trucks

The operator in the normal operating position shall be protected against contact with the truck road wheels

and against objects thrown up by the wheels (e.g mud, gravel, bolts etc.) The protection device for the

steered wheels need only cover the wheels when in a straight line position

5.7.5.2 Pedestrian controlled trucks

The operator when in his normal operating position shall be protected against contact with the drive and

stabilizing wheels To ensure the operator’s safety, the position of this wheel protection shall be in

accordance with Figure 37

5.7.5.3 If driving and stabilizing wheels cannot safely be arranged in accordance with 5.7.5.2, a wheel

guard (deflector) as illustrated in Figure 38 is required For castors, the deflector need only be mounted on

the side on which the conditions specified in 5.7.5.2 do not comply with.

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5.7.6 Burning hazards

All parts of the truck within reach of the operator in the normal operating position or when getting into or leaving his operating position shall be insulated or shielded, if necessary, so that the surface temperature, generated by heat sources in the truck, of bare metal parts does not exceed 65 °C and of painted or plastic parts 83 °C The temperature of the air at the heater outlet, where fitted, shall not exceed 60 °C

5.7.7 Protection against crushing, shearing and trapping points

5.7.7.1 Parts which move relative to one another which are within the reach of the operator in the normal

operating position shall be adequately guarded or be separated by the following minimum distance:

Relative moving parts that need to contact or move in close proximity to one another shall be guarded to prevent access when the distance between those parts is more than 8 mm If residual hazards exist, those

shall be identified on the truck in accordance with 7.3.3.4

5.7.7.2 Crushing and shearing hazards associated with attachments, except at the load supporting points,

shall also meet the relevant requirements of 5.7.7.1 If residual hazards exist, these shall be identified on the attachment in accordance with 7.3.3.4

5.7.7.3 Trucks with side-facing seating or standing shall be so built that when travelling, the operator

cannot unintentionally keep his foot outside the confines of the truck or the truck shall be equipped with a traction cut-out or signalling device which informs the operator if his foot is not in the safeguarded position

!5.7.8 Operator restraint

Counterbalanced lift trucks (see ISO 5053:1987, 3.1.3.1.1), rough terrain trucks (see ISO 5053:1987,

3.1.3.1.8), both sit on trucks with non elevating operator facing forward, and side loading trucks, one side

only, (see ISO 5053:1987, 3.1.3.1.7) shall have a restraint device When a seat belt is used as a restraint

device the seat belt shall satisfy the requirements of Annex O

Such device shall not unduly restrict the operation of the truck, e.g the operator’s access, egress, movement, and/or visibility A means, or guidance on the action to be taken in the event of a tip over, to minimize the residual risk associated with the operators head impacting a solid surface shall be provided

on the truck (see 7.3.3.6) and described in the instructions manual.

NOTE Other restraint systems such as enclosures or mechanical devices are possible but not covered by this standard.

5.7.9 Additional operator positions"

Positions for additional operator(s) shall comply with the requirements as specified in 5.7.1 to 5.7.7

5.8 Stability 5.8.1 In order to restrict the hazards of longitudinal and lateral tipover during normal operations, the

trucks specified below shall comply with the requirements specified in the stability tests listed below

without permanent deformation (see 7.2.2 and Annex N) The requirements do not apply to trucks with low lift height (see 3.3)

— places where the operator’s hands or feet can be trapped: min 50 mm

— places where the operator’s arms and legs can be trapped: min 100 mm

Counterbalanced fork lift trucks with articulated steering Annex B

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -5.8.2 For the use of trucks other than in normal operating conditions, the following additional stability

tests shall apply

5.8.3 Trucks with elevating operator’s position and/or trucks specifically designed to travel with elevated

loads from 500 mm up to and including 1 200 mm lift height shall be tested in accordance with 5.8.1 and 5.8.2 The tests simulating travelling with load shall be carried out with the load at the maximum lift

height for travelling The elevating operator position shall be in the least favourable position for stability

5.9 Protective devices

5.9.1 Operator’s overhead guard

5.9.1.1 Sit-on and stand-on trucks with a lift height more than 1 800 mm shall be fitted with an overhead

guard complying with ISO 6055 to protect the operator The overhead guard can be removable

5.9.1.2 The overhead guard shall, when handling above 1 800 mm lift height, be constructed in such a

manner that it can be provided with an additional fitting making it possible in special cases to increase the protection of the operator against small falling objects

5.9.1.3 Sit-on and stand-on trucks with a rated capacity of 5 000 kg and more shall, when handling

above 1 800 mm lift height, be constructed in such a manner that they can be provided with an overhead guard complying with Annex M to provide increased protection for the operator when handling such items

as paper reels or packaged timber

5.9.4 Wheels with split wheel rims for inflatable tyres

When split wheels are used with pneumatic tyres, the truck shall be provided with devices to prevent the user from separating the halves of the wheel before removing the wheel from the axle

5.9.5 Towing devices

Trucks used for towing trailers shall be fitted with towing or coupling devices designed, constructed and arranged to ensure easy and safe connection and disconnection and to prevent accidental disconnection during use

5.10 Visibility/lighting

5.10.1 The operator shall have sufficient visibility so that all travel and manoeuvres can be carried out

safely If direct visibility is limited, aids may be used to provide adequate visibility, such as mirrors, cameras, monitors, audible and visual alarms, devices sensing persons and/or objects, raised or rotatable seat etc Requirements for visibility shall be in accordance with prEN ISO 13564

5.10.2 Sit-on/stand-on controlled trucks shall be so designed that it is possible for the manufacturer or any

other qualified person referring to the manufacturer’s instructions to equip them with an electrical circuit whereby travel lights, working lights and signal lights can be installed

Trucks operating with offset load (offset by powered devices) Annex J

Trucks operating with offset load (offset determined by utilization) Annex L

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of 250 mm/min when the standard test piece is tested in accordance with ISO 3795:1989

5.11.1.3 If a totally enclosed cab is fitted, provision shall be made for efficient ventilation Heating and/or

air conditioning may be required depending on the climate and environmental conditions in which the truck is to be used

NOTE Due to the fact that trucks are used in a wide range of temperature and environmental conditions it is not possible to give precise technical requirements in this standard.

5.11.1.4 If a totally enclosed cab is fitted with a heater/de-mister, the air intake shall be connected to a

fresh air inlet; partial recycling of the air up to 50 % is permissible The heater shall be securely fixed The

heater shall be so designed that the requirements of 5.7.6 can be met De-mist/defrost capability shall be

provided for the windscreen and rear window

5.11.1.5 The windscreen and rear window shall be fitted with wipers so that the operator has an adequate

view of the road Wipers may be omitted if the truck only operates within an enclosed area (e.g a cold store) If glass is used in the window apertures, it shall be toughened or laminated safety glass

5.11.1.6 The cab shall have at least one door plus an emergency exit, which may be a window, allowing

escape in another direction, complying with the requirements of ISO 2867:1994

5.11.1.7 Provision shall be made for storage of the instruction handbook which does not obstruct the

operator’s normal operation

5.11.1.8 Positions for additional operators shall meet the requirements of 5.11.1.1 to 5.11.1.6

5.11.2 Noise emission

The value of noise emission shall be measured by the test method given in prEN 12053 The values shall

be either the actual figure or a figure calculated from measurements performed on identical trucks The A-weighted emission sound pressure level and, if necessary, the sound power level emitted by the truck, shall be measured The results shall be recorded

5.11.3 Vibration

Whole body vibration shall be measured by the test method given in prEN 13059 The value of the vibration transmitted to the operator and the method of measurement shall be included in the instruction handbook The values shall be either the actual value or a figure calculated from measurements performed on identical trucks

5.11.4 Operation in potentially explosive atmospheres

Trucks operating in potentially explosive atmospheres shall comply with prEN 1755

5.11.5 Transport

5.11.5.1 If the manufacturer specifies in the instruction handbook that a truck may be lifted without

disassembling, locations for slinging points shall be provided

5.11.5.2 Lifting points for the removal and transportation of individual assemblies of the truck, if required,

shall be indicated on the assembly, or in the operating instructions

5.11.5.3 Locations for slinging of removable attachments shall be provided as stated in the instruction

handbook

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -6 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures

6.1 General

The manufacturer shall have verification that the requirements of Clause 5 have been met Compliance

with this requirement may be verified by other means giving equivalent results

The verifications can be as follows:

— visually, e.g no permanent deformation after structural verification, verification of the marking of the truck;

— by measures, e.g tests of travelling and lowering speed;

— by design, e.g verification of drawings and documents;

— further tests, e.g as described in 6.2 and 6.3.

The functional tests given in 6.3.3 and 6.3.4 shall be carried out on each truck to verify that it is able to

perform the tasks for which it was designed

6.3.2 Inspection before tests

6.3.2.1 Each truck shall be inspected to make sure that the travelling, braking, steering, load handling

controls and combined functions, if any, are appropriately identified and operate correctly The correct operation of warning devices, safety devices, and lighting, if any, shall also be checked

6.3.2.2 The information plates for the truck, battery (for battery powered trucks) and attachment (if any)

shall be inspected to make sure that they contain the relevant information in accordance with 7.3

6.3.3 Dynamic tests

6.3.3.1 General

During the performance of the tests the truck shall be operated by a competent person in accordance with

the manufacturer’s instructions (see 7.2)

Tests shall either be performed by operating the truck in the manner prescribed below or, where

practicable, be simulated by any method giving an equivalent effect and producing substantially the same results

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6.3.3.2 Travelling and manoeuvring test

For trucks with load lifting capability this test is carried out with load Q1 and without a load for tractors and fixed platform trucks as follows

a) Pick up the test load, raise it to a height of about 300 mm or up to maximum height if this is less than 300 mm and tilt to the maximum amount for travelling as recommended by the manufacturer For side loading trucks, the load shall be placed on the platform For trucks with elevating operator position and/or elevated load the test shall be carried out with a lift height as recommended by the manufacturer.b) Drive the truck forward at low speed, change to reverse, and change to forward again to verify that the direction change mechanism operates effectively Reversal of direction changes shall be made at the speeds recommended by the manufacturer

c) Drive the truck forward and backward through all speed ranges to the maximum speed and check that range changing and service brakes operate in both directions

d) Make several turns in both forward and reverse directions at approximately one-third maximum speed and approximately three times the minimum outside turning radius specified by the manufacturer Check the function and direction of the steering

e) Deposit the load on the ground

6.3.3.3 Stacking test

This test shall be carried out with load Q2 Pick up the test load from ground level and elevate it to maximum height Lower to ground level at maximum lowering speed, making several stops during descent, and deposit the load on the ground

6.3.3.4 Lowering speed test

With the mast vertical, the maximum lowering speed shall be measured with load Q2 to verify that it does not exceed 0,6 m/s This may be determined by dividing the total lowering distance in metres by the number of seconds required for the total descent

6.3.4 Hydraulic lift and tilt leakage test

The permissible lowering shall be tested in accordance with 5.6.3.1 and the permissible tilting in accordance with 5.6.3.4

6.3.5 Inspection after tests

Following the tests in 6.3.3 and 6.3.4, the truck shall be examined visually to ensure that there are no

defects

7 Information for use

7.1 Residual hazards

The requirements of Clause 5 are suitable for minimizing the risk from the truck and attachment If

residual hazards are identified, particular information shall be given in the instruction handbook

7.2 Instruction handbook

Each truck and removable attachment shall be supplied to the user with an instruction manual covering operating and regular servicing, printed in the language of the country where the truck is to be used

By way of derogation, the workshop manual and parts manual for use by specialized personnel employed

by the manufacturer or his authorized representative do not need to be supplied with each truck and may

be printed in only one of the languages understood by those personnel

These manuals shall include if applicable at least the following information

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```,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -7.2.1 Concerning the truck/attachment

— Name and address of the manufacturer or the authorized representative

— Designation of type

— Description of the truck and its accessories

— Attachments which are fitted to the truck and their assembly precautions

— Details of use of the load backrest

— Details for the installation of a fire extinguisher, if required by the application of the truck

— Admissible wheel rims and tyres with inflation pressures for pneumatic tyres

— Description of the safety devices and warning labels

— Details of the noise and vibration generated by the truck (The noise declaration shall be made in accordance with prEN 12053)

— Overall dimensions, load capacity and performance details of the truck

— Visibility conditions when using remote controlled devices for the truck

7.2.2 Operation of the truck

— Intended and prohibited uses of the truck and attachments, including those relating to hazardous atmospheres and overhead guards when handling very small or large heavy objects

— Training required by the operator

— Function of operating controls and displays

— Daily checks before putting the truck into operation

— Instructions for adjustment of the operator’s seat

— Instructions for operation with/without cab, with/without doors

— Instructions for access and egress

— De-energizing of stored energy components

— Instructions for safe handling by the operator, e.g when changing attachments or moving fork arms

— Influence of tyres and floor conditions on noise emission

— Requirements of the floor where the truck is to be used

— The use of additional aids when the operator’s direct visibility is limited

— Instructions for starting, driving and stopping the truck

— Instructions for handling loads, warning about the hazards due to the action of wind forces

— Instructions when operating on a gradient

— Instructions for towing the truck

— Instructions for parking the truck

— Warning of residual risks during the use of the truck and its attachments

— Climatic conditions in which the truck is designed to operate

!— Instructions on the use of the operator restraint device and guidance on his behaviour in the event

of a tip over."

7.2.3 Details for battery powered trucks

— Specification of approved batteries and battery chargers

— Service mass of battery including ballast when required

— Procedure for safe handling of batteries, including installation, removal and secure mounting on the truck

— Warning of risks of accumulation of hydrogen under covers

Tiêu đề	Safety of Industrial Trucks — Self-propelled Trucks Up To And Including 10 000 Kg Capacity And Industrial Tractors With A Drawbar Pull Up To And Including 20 000 N — Part 1: General Requirements
Trường học	British Standards Institution
Chuyên ngành	Safety of Industrial Trucks
Thể loại	British Standard
Năm xuất bản	1999
Thành phố	London

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Số trang	96
Dung lượng	2,7 MB