Bsi bs en 01492 4 2004 + a1 2008

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1492 4 2004 Textile slings — Safety — Part 4 Lifting slings for general service made from natural and man made fibre ropes ICS 53 020 30 ����������� � ��� � �������������������[.]

Textile slings — Safety —

Part 4: Lifting slings for general service made from natural and man-made fibre ropes

ICS 53.020.30

This British Standard was

published under the authority

of the Standards Policy and

Strategy Committee on

14 June 2004

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1492-4:2004+A1:2008

It supersedes BS EN 1492-4:2004 which is withdrawn

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated

in the text by tags Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 isindicated by

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/15, Textile slings

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

! "

EUROPÄISCHE NORM November 2008

English Version

Textile slings - Safety - Part 4: Lifting slings for general service

made from natural and man-made fibre ropes

Elingues textiles - Sécurité - Partie 4: Elingues de levage

en cordage en fibres naturelles et chimiques pour service

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N

E U R O P Ä I S C H E S K O M I T E E FÜ R N O R M U N G

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

Contents Page

Foreword 3

Introduction 4

1 Scope 5

2 Normative references 5

3 Terms and definitions 6

4 Hazards 8

5 Safety requirements 9

6 Verification 18

7 Marking 20

8 Manufacturer’s certificate 21

9 Instructions for use 21

Annex A (normative) Information for use and maintenance to be provided by the manufacturer 22

Annex B (informative) Working load limits for various modes of use 24

Annex C (informative) Suggested content of information to be provided by the manufacturer with fibre rope slings 36

Annex ZA (informative) !!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC"" 40

Annex ZB (informative) !!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC"" 41

Bibliography 42

This document supersedes EN 1492-4:2004

This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-09-11

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !"

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s)

!For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document."

This European Standard is one of a series of standards related to safety for textile slings as listed below: Part 1: Specification for flat woven webbing slings, made of man-made fibres, for general purpose use Part 2: Specification for roundslings, made of man-made fibres, for general purpose

Part 4: Specification for lifting slings for general service made from natural and man-made fibre rope

Introduction

This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard providing one means of complying with the essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regulations

This European Standard is a type C standard as specified in EN ISO 12100-2 The lifting accessories

concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard

NOTE For hazards that are not covered by this standard, lifting accessories should be in accordance with

EN ISO 12100-2

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies the requirements related to safety, including methods of rating and testing single-, two-, three-, four-leg and endless slings, with or without fittings, made of sisal, hemp and manila 3- and 4-strand laid construction natural fibre ropes and polyamide, polyester and polypropylene 3- and 4-strand laid construction and 8-strand plaited construction man-made fibre ropes having a reference number in the range of 16 to 48 inclusive

The fibre rope slings covered by this part of EN 1492 are intended for general purpose lifting operations, i.e when used for lifting objects, materials or goods which require no deviations from the requirements, safety factors or working load limits specified Lifting operations not covered by this standard would include the lifting

of persons, potentially dangerous materials such as molten metal and acids, glass sheets, fissile materials, nuclear reactors and where special conditions apply

Fibre rope slings conforming to this European Standard are suitable for use and storage in the following temperature ranges:

a) polyester and polyamide -40°C to 100°C, b) manila, sisal, hemp and polypropylene -40°C to 80°C

This European Standard does not apply to fibre rope sling assemblies rated by the trigonometric method This European Standard deals with the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in clause 4 which can arise during the use of fibre rope slings when carried out in accordance with the instructions and specification given by the manufacturer or authorized representative

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments)

EN 696, Fibre ropes for general service – Polyamide

EN 697, Fibre ropes for general service – Polyester

EN 698, Fibre ropes for general service – Manila and sisal

EN 699, Fibre ropes for general service - Polypropylene

EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery – Principles of risk assessment

EN 1261, Fibre ropes for general service - Hemp

EN 1677-1, Components for slings – Safety – Part 1: Forged steel components, Grade 8

EN 1677-2, Components for slings – Safety – Part 2: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch, Grade 8

EN 1677-3, Components for slings – Safety – Part 3: Forged steel self-locking hooks, Grade 8

EN 1677-4, Components for slings – Safety – Part 4: Links, Grade 8

EN 1677-5, Components for slings – Safety – Part 5: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch, Grade 4

EN 1677-6, Components for slings – Safety – Part 6: Links, Grade 4

EN 13411-1, Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety – Part 1: Thimbles for steel wire rope slings

EN ISO 1968:2004, Fibre ropes and cordage - Terms and definitions (ISO 1968:2004

EN ISO 7500-1:1999, Metallic materials - Verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 1:

Tension/compression testing machines (ISO 7500-1:1999)

EN ISO 12100-2, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical

principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 1968:2004 and the following apply

3.1

fibre rope sling

flexible sling comprising one or more parts of identical fibre rope, terminating in spliced eyes with or without thimbles and fittings, or in the case of an endless sling, joined to itself with a splice

thimbled or hard eye

spliced eye containing a rigid thimble

fitting

loadbearing metal component, designed to be fitted and supplied as part of the sling, so as to permit the sling

to be attached to other lifting accessories or connected to the load

NOTE Thimbles are not included within the term ‘fitting’

NOTE See EN 696, 697, 698, 699 and 1261

specified length of the sling, inclusive of fittings, from bearing point to bearing point

NOTE See figures 2 to 5

3.12

effective working length (EWL)

actual finished length of the fibre rope sling, inclusive of fittings, from bearing point to bearing point

3.13

coefficient of utilization

ratio of the specified tensile strength of the rope to the WLL of the single part of spliced rope, taking into account the acceleration due to gravity (9,80665 m/s2) and is equal to 7

NOTE 1 Fittings may have a different coefficient of utilization from that of the rope to which they are connected

NOTE 2 This term has the same meaning as the term ‘working coefficient’ used in the Machinery Directive

3.14

Assembly Factor (A)

factor used in the calculation of the WLL of the sling assembly that takes into account the assembly of the sling, the number of legs and the inclination angles (β), see Figure 10

Working load limit (WLL)

maximum mass which a fibre rope sling is designed to sustain in straight pull or at the rated angle, in general service

3.17

competent person

designated person, suitably trained and qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and with the

necessary instructions to enable the required tests and examination to be carried out

4 Hazards

The accidental release of a load, or release of a load due to failure of a component puts at risk, either directly

or indirectly, the safety or health of those persons within the danger zone In order to provide the necessary strength and durability of lifting accessories this part of EN 1492 specifies requirements for the design,

manufacture and testing to ensure the specified levels of performance are met

Endurance has not been identified as a hazard when fibre rope slings having the specified levels of

performance given in this part of EN 1492 are used in general lifting service

Since failure can be caused by the incorrect choice of WLL and specification of lifting accessory This Part of

EN 1492 also gives the requirements for marking and the manufacturer’s certificate

Aspects of safe use associated with good practice are given in annex A (normative) and annex C (informative) Table 1 lists those hazards in so far as they are dealt with in this standard that require action to reduce those risks identified by risk assessment as being specific and significant for fibre rope slings made of sisal, hemp, manila, polyamide, polyester and polypropylene

Table 1 — Hazards and associated requirements

Hazards identified in annex A of

EN 1050: 1996 Relevant clause of annex A of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 Relevant clause/sub-clause of this part of EN 1492

1.e) Mechanical hazard

due to inadequacy

of strength

1.3.2 4.1.2.3 4.1.2.5 4.2.4 1.7.3 4.3.2 4.2.4

9, annex A

9, annex A 27.1.5 Inadequate holding

devices/accessories hazard

4.4.1 5.7

27.6 Inadequate

selection of lifting accessories hazard

4.1.2.5 4.3.2

Table 2 — Types of fibre rope for sling manufacture

Type of fibre rope Specification Manila (Ma) EN 698

Hemp (Ha) EN 1261 Sisal (Si) EN 698 Polyamide (PA) EN 696 Polyester (PES) EN 697 Polypropylene (PP) EN 699

NOTE 1 The definitions of these fibres are given in ISO 2076 and ISO 6938 The constituent materials may be

determined in accordance with ISO 1833

NOTE 2 Attention is drawn to the differing resistance of fibres to chemicals, which is summarized in annex C

5.2 General requirements for types of fibre rope sling

5.2.1 Single leg sling

A single leg sling shall be formed from a single piece of rope and shall have eyes, with or without thimbles and fittings, spliced at each end Figure 2 shows three typical examples of single leg slings

Figure 2 — Typical single leg slings 5.2.2 Endless sling

An endless sling shall be formed from a single piece of rope and shall have the ends joined together by a single splice Figure 3 shows an endless sling

l1

Figure 3 — Endless sling

Alternatively, an endless sling shall be laid as a grommet from a single strand of rope (see 5.5.5)

5.2.3 Two leg sling

A two leg sling shall comprise two identical sling legs, with or without thimbles and terminal fittings; the eye of one end of each leg shall be made around a master link Figure 4 shows a typical two leg sling

Figure 4 — Typical two leg sling 5.2.4 Three and four leg slings

A four leg sling shall comprise four identical sling legs, with or without thimbles and terminal fittings, the eye of one end of each leg shall be made around an intermediate link so that two legs are attached to each intermediate link The intermediate links shall be attached to a master link Three leg slings shall be produced

in the same way, but two legs shall be attached to one intermediate link and one leg to the other Figure 5 shows a typical four leg sling

l1

Figure 5 — Typical four leg sling

5.3 Sling construction

5.3.1 Splicing shall be the only method used for joining or producing eyes Endless slings shall have only a

single splice Other sling legs shall be spliced at each end to produce an eye and no other splices shall be permitted

5.3.2 Multi-leg slings shall be constructed so that all corresponding items are identical in respect of rope

construction, size, material and fittings

5.4 Eyes

5.4.1 Soft eyes

The minimum internal length, l 2, of a soft eye (see Figure 6) measured with a steel tape or rule graduated in increments of 1 mm when closed by hand shall not be less than the appropriate value given in Table 3

Figure 6 — Soft eye Table 3 — Minimum internal length of soft eyes

Reference number of rope

Min internal length of soft eye (mm)

5.4.2 Thimbled or hard eyes

The thimbles used to form thimbled, or hard, eyes (see Figure 7) shall comply with EN 13411-1 and have a corrosion resistant finish

NOTE 1 Steel thimbles should not be black finish but should be suitably plated or galvanised to resist corrosion

Figure 7 — Thimbled or hard eye

NOTE 2 The use of thimbled (hard) eyes is recommended when fittings form part of the fibre rope sling

NOTE 3 The fitting of heart shaped thimbles will prevent the sling being used in choke hitch In such cases, either a soft eye or thimbles of a shape and size suitable for reeving may be used

a) All the tucks of the splice shall be against the lay of the rope

b) For polyamide, polyester multifilament ropes and polypropylene monofilament ropes, either

five full tucks shall be made; alternatively four full tucks with all of the yarns in the strands shall be made, followed by a further tuck with not more than half of the material cut out of each strand and a final tuck with not less than a quarter of the original strand material

c) For polypropylene fibrillated film and staple ropes and for natural fibre ropes, not less than

four full tucks shall be made, each with all of the yarns in the strands

d) After completion of splicing, the protruding strands, or parts of strands, shall be cut at a

distance of not less than one nominal rope diameter from the standing part of rope As an alternative to c), for polypropylene fibrillated film and staple fibre ropes and for natural fibre ropes, one fewer full tuck is permissible, in which case the length of the protruding strands after completion of the splicing shall not be less than three times the nominal diameter of the rope

e) In the case of endless slings, the splicing requirements given in a) to d) shall apply to each

side of the marrying point of the rope (see Figure 8)

Figure 8 — Marrying point of splice for endless slings

f) Where the protruding parts of the strands are contained, e.g by binding, gluing, tapering etc,

to improve the appearance of the finished splice, such finishing shall not affect the performance of the splice In the case of full strands an alternative method of finishing the splice, known as dogging, where the emergent strands are separated into identical proportions and then bound (seized) one half of the emergent strand to the adjacent half of the next emergent strand and so on around the rope (see Figure 9) is permissible Tapered splices shall not be subject to dogging

Figure 9 — Dogging (three strand rope)

g) Long splicing of endless rope slings is permissible but, where used, the circumference of the

sling shall not be less than 400 times the reference number of the rope and the length of the splice shall not be less than 100 times the reference number of the rope The working load limit of the sling shall not be greater than 60% of the value as calculated in accordance with

5.8 and for modes of use as given in Tables B2, B4, B6, B10 and B12

5.5.3 Alternative splicing methods

The method of splicing known as the ‘Liverpool splice’ where the tucks are made with the lay of the rope shall not be used

In the case of 8 strand plaited ropes, the rope manufacturer’s written splicing procedures shall be obtained and strictly followed

5.5.4 Length between splices

For single leg slings and the individual legs of multi-leg slings, there shall be a minimum length of rope between the emergence of the final tucks of the splice of 20 times the nominal diameter of the rope

5.5.5 Endless Grommet

Where an endless sling of 3 or 4 strand laid rope is made as a grommet, it shall meet the following requirements:

a) The parent strand of which the grommet is laid shall not contain any joints or splices

b) The ends of the parent strand shall be spliced by turning them at least 4 times around each

other in the case of polypropylene fibrillated film, staple ropes or natural fibre ropes and at least 5 times in the case of polyamide, polyester multifilament or polypropylene monofilament ropes

c) The protruding parent strand ends shall be laid through one or two neighboring strands of the

grommet to prevent the splice unravelling Thereafter the strand ends shall be cut not shorter than 1,5 times the parent strand diameter

d) The working load limit for endless grommet slings produced in accordance with these

requirements shall be identical to that of endless slings made by short splicing

e) Endless grommet slings produced in accordance with these requirements shall be type tested

in accordance with 6.3

5.6 Effective working length (EWL)

The effective working length (l 1) of a fibre rope sling (see Figures 2 to 5 inclusive) shall not differ from the nominal length by more than 3%, when laid flat under hand tension and measured with a steel tape or rule graduated in increments of 1 mm The length of each leg of a multi-leg sling shall not differ from the lengths of

5.7 Fittings

5.7.1 Fittings shall conform to the appropriate part or parts of EN 1677

5.7.2 The seating of a fitting in contact with the rope shall be so finished that, when tested in accordance

with clause 6:

a) there shall be no damage to the area of the rope in contact with the fitting;

b) the sling shall sustain the load

5.7.3 If the part of the fitting with which the rope is in contact has a profile of engagement less than the

nominal diameter of the rope, a thimble shall be placed in the eye Fittings made into soft eyes shall be of such dimensions that the included angle between the two parts of rope at the splice shall not exceed 30° NOTE The use of thimbles is recommended for all applications when fittings form part of the fibre rope sling as they offer protection from contact damage, friction, abrasion and assist to maintain the shape of the eye

5.7.4 Welded fittings shall be placed so that the welds remain visible when the sling is in use

5.8 Calculation of working load limit (WLL)

The working load limit of a fibre rope sling shall be calculated as follows:

90% of specified breaking force of fibre rope

WLL of spliced rope = - x assembly factor A

Coefficient of utilization

Where: the breaking force is expressed in kN

the coefficient of utilization is 7 the assembly factor is as given in Figure 10

NOTE For mode factors and use see annex B

a) Single strop

1) straight pull

A = 1,0 b) Multiple fibre rope leg sling

2a) 2-leg fibre rope sling 2b) 3-leg fibre rope sling 3) 4-leg fibre rope sling

A = 1,4 β = 0° - 45° A = 2,1 β = 0° - 45° A = 2,1 β = 0° - 45°

c) Endless sling

1) straight pull

A = 2,0 NOTE A = assembly factor

Figure 10 — Assembly factors for single, multi-leg and endless fibre rope slings

5.9 Traceability code

The traceability code, which is to be included in the marking (see 7.1.1), shall enable at least the following basic elements of the manufacturing record to be traced:

a) identification of rope, including nominal size;

b) identification of manufacturer’s control/identification of splicer;

c) identification and grade of fittings

6 Verification

6.1 General

6.1.1 All testing and examination shall be carried out using a tensile test machine conforming to the

requirements of class 1 of EN ISO 7500-1:1999 and, where applicable, a steel tape or rule graduated in increments of 1 mm

6.1.2 During load tests, the force shall be applied to the test pieces so that the elongation of the specimen

takes place at a maximum rate of 110 mm/min per 1000 mm length of the specimen

6.1.3 The test piece shall not be pre-loaded prior to testing, unless all of the slings of that type are subject

to identical pre-loading, in which case they shall not be pre-loaded to more than two times the WLL

NOTE During load testing procedures, considerable energy is stored in the rope under tension If the sample breaks, this energy will be suddenly released Suitable precautions should therefore be taken to protect the safety of persons in the danger zone

6.2 Qualification of personnel

All testing and examination shall be carried out by a competent person

6.3 Type test to verify sling legs

6.3.1 For the purposes of type test verification, ropes are grouped in the following range of rope sizes:

Each of the two test pieces shall be made with a soft eye at each end and the distance between the tails of the splices shall be at least 15 times the nominal rope diameter, so that four splices are presented for testing

6.3.3 The test piece shall be mounted, straight and without twist, between the pins or bollards of the test

6.3.5 Type test verification, in accordance with this clause, shall be repeated if a period of three years has

elapsed since the last sample, including manufacturing test samples, was submitted for testing by the splicer

6.3.6 The results of the tests, i.e whether the specimens were accepted or rejected, shall be recorded for

the purposes of the manufacturer’s record If one or more of the samples does not sustain a force equivalent

to 7 times the WLL, slings of this type shall be deemed not to comply with this standard

6.3.7 Verification of the splicing, in accordance with the requirements of 6.3, shall be deemed sufficient to

have verified the interaction of sling legs with fittings in all cases other than for endless slings, which shall be verified in accordance with the following requirements

6.4 Type test to verify the interaction of endless slings with fittings

6.4.1 A representative endless sling, of the type intended for use with fittings, shall be made with test fittings

representing the smallest profile of engagement of the range of fittings that will be used in production

6.4.2 The specimen shall be mounted, straight and without twist, between the pins or bollards of the test

machine The contact radius of the pin or bollard shall be such that it supports the representative fitting over sufficient area so as to prevent the fitting from distorting or twisting whilst under test The specimen shall be submitted to a force equivalent to 5 times the WLL of the endless sling

6.4.3 The test piece shall have passed the test if the breaking force of the sample is equal to, or greater

than, the equivalent of 5 times the WLL

6.4.4 The results of the test, i.e whether or not the specimen was accepted or rejected, shall be recorded

for the purposes of the manufacturer’s record If the sample does not sustain a force equivalent to 5 times the WLL, slings of this type shall be deemed not to comply with this standard

6.5 Manufacturing tests

6.5.1 Slings shall be selected form the manufacturing batch for testing at least at the intervals given in

Table 4 or every 3 years, whichever is the sooner The selected slings shall be tested in accordance with the following requirements

NOTE The length of the sling for manufacturing test should be identical to the manufacturing batch Testing of a shorter sling leg is only acceptable where the test machine facility is too short in length

Table 4 — Maximum testing intervals

WLL of fibre rope sling Maximum quantity per type

between tests

Up to and including 2 t Over 2 t

1000

500

6.5.2 The sample shall be mounted, straight and without twist, between the bollards of the test machine

The diameter of the pins or bollards shall be such that an included angle of between 20° and 30° is subtended

by the loop of the splice The specimen shall be subjected to a force equivalent to not less than 7 times the WLL of the specimen

6.5.3 If the specimen sustains the force equivalent to 7 times its WLL, it shall have passed the test Testing

beyond this force is not required

6.5.4 If, during testing, the specimen does not sustain a force equivalent to seven times its WLL, but

sustains a load of not less than 90% of this force, three further samples from the same batch shall be tested If one or more of these samples does not sustain a force equivalent to seven times the WLL, the whole batch shall be rejected and deemed not to comply with this standard

6.5.5 The results of the test, i.e whether or not the specimen was accepted or rejected, shall be recorded

for the purposes of the manufacturer’s record

7.1.1 The marking of the sling shall include the following:

a) working load limit in straight lift in the case of single leg or endless slings, or for multi-leg slings having an angle β of 0° to 45°;

b) material of the rope, e.g manila, polyester etc;

c) reference number of the rope and grade of fittings;

d) nominal length in m;

e) manufacturer’s name, symbol, trade mark or other unambiguous identification !and, where applicable, his authorised representative";

f) traceability code (see 5.9)

g) number and part of this European Standard

h) mandatory marking

NOTE 1 Marking this European Standard number on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturer’s declaration

of conformity, i.e a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets with the requirements of the standard Such a declaration is not to be confused with third-party certification of conformity

NOTE 2 For slings intended to be put on the market in the EEA, CE marking

7.1.2 The marking shall be in a type size of not less than 1,5 mm in height

7.2 Labelling

7.2.1 The information specified in 7.1 shall be marked on a label attached to the sling as follows:

a) on single legs with soft eyes, in one eye adjoining the splice or on the standing part of rope at the end of the splice;

b) on single legs with thimbles, on the standing part of rope at the end of the splice;

c) on multi-leg slings, on a durable label (e.g a round tag) attached to the master link or on one leg of the sling as in a);

d) on endless slings, at the end of the splice

7.2.2 The material from which the sling is made shall be identified by the colour of the label itself on which

the information is marked The following colours shall be used:

b) WLL of the sling, and for multi-leg sling assemblies the angle to the vertical;

c) type, including eye, fitting, number of legs and nominal length;

d) nominal diameter or reference number of rope, the rope material and type of construction;

i) !the static test coefficient(s) used for design of component(s) (e.g hook; link; shackle)."

NOTE Items b) to g) inclusive form the designation of the sling or sling assembly

9 Instructions for use

Instructions for use shall accompany each sling or each delivery of slings supplied with a single order and shall conform to annex A