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General
Unless otherwise specified in this standard, the machine shall comply with the requirements of tables 1, 3, 4 and 6 of EN 294:1992
The requirements of prEN 1553 apply where relevant.
Starting device
Machines must include a safety device that prevents engine start-up if it could cause wheel rotation or tool movement, in addition to the hold-to-run controls.
A device that meets this requirement is one that utilizes a mechanical linkage to ensure the engine starts only when the gear lever is in neutral and the tool is declutched.
A safety device is unnecessary if the operator can start the machine without being in the danger zone, which is defined as the longitudinal area extending forward and backward from the machine's width If the machine lacks reverse gear, the rear danger zone is restricted to 550 mm from the back edge of the protective devices for moving parts.
In the case of a machine provided with reverse gear, the danger zone to the rear includes the whole longitudinal zone limited by the working width of the equipment
Should the operator have to lean on the machine to start the engine, the appropriate place shall be indicated or an identified support provided with a corresponding indication
Starting devices must be integral to the machine, such as a recoil pull start, and should not include loose belts, cables, or similar components, except for hand cranks as specified in ISO/DIS 11102-1 and ISO/DIS 11102-2.
Engines that utilize a hand crank for starting must include a mechanism that automatically disconnects the hand crank as soon as the engine starts This device also ensures that the hand crank cannot be reconnected while the engine is running or during any kick-back events during the starting process.
Figure 1 — Limits of the danger zone when operating the starting device for machines with no reverse gear
Manual controls
The height of the handlebar grips in relation to the ground shall be adjustable
The following manually operated controls shall be within the "hand reach zone" from the normal operator working position:
gearbox (within the selected range);
hold-to-run control (see 5.5);
The "hand reach zone" is a truncated hemispherical volume with a radius of 800 mm, centered at the midpoint of the handlebar grip ends when set at a height of 800 mm above the ground If this height is not available, the grips should be adjusted to the next lowest setting The zone features a flat face on the vertical plane that is tangential to the handlebar grip ends and oriented rearwards, while being truncated below by a plane that is parallel to the ground and positioned 450 mm above the ground.
'An engine stopping device shall be provided The engine stopping device shall not depend on sustained manual pressure for its operation.(
Figure 2 — "Hand reach zone" volume
Identification of controls
The controls used for driving the working tool and for locking the differential in their different positions shall be marked
The gear positions (including the neutral position) shall be durably and clearly marked and located within the field of vision of the operator
Detailed instructions on the operation of all controls shall be provided in the instruction handbook
Symbols in accordance with EN ISO 3767-1:1995 and EN ISO 3767-3:1996 shall be used as appropriate.
Controls of the movement of the machine and of the tool
The machine must feature hold-to-run controls that ensure all movements of both the machine and the working tool cease immediately upon release of these controls.
'Releasing the hold-to-run control(s) shall not stop the engine For electrical powered machines, this requirement does not apply
The force needed to keep the hold-to-run control engaged should not exceed 27.5 N when it is positioned on a single handlebar.
The hold-to-run control must be positioned for operation by either hand while gripping the handle-grips, and the force needed to keep this control engaged should not exceed 35 N.
The measuring of these values shall be carried out with the following method:
Measurements must be conducted using a device with an accuracy of ± 0.5% (such as a dynamometer) while the engine is off The force (F) needed to keep the hold-to-run control engaged should be measured 10 mm from the end of the control This measurement should occur when the control reaches the end of its displacement or makes contact with the handlebar grip, as illustrated in Figure 3.
F force required to maintain the hold-to-run control
Figure 3 – Locations of the force F
The hold-to-run control must be engineered to prevent the tool or wheels from moving without deliberate input, such as a manual control that necessitates two distinct actions for operation This requirement will be validated through a functional test.
The hold-to-run control(s) shall not extend beyond the end of the handlebar grips
The movement of the machine or of the tools shall not start unless the operator is able to grip both the control(s) and the handlebar grip
Reverse gear
In all machines with reverse gear, it shall not be possible to go directly from forward to reverse motion This requirement is fulfilled, for example, by providing a neutral position
Pedestrian-controlled tractors and motor hoes equipped with drive wheels must be designed to prevent simultaneous operation of the working tool and reverse gear, such as through a mechanical interlock on the reverse gear.
For motor hoes without drive wheel, the maximum design reverse speed at rated engine speed shall not exceed 1 m/s.
Guards for moving parts
General
5.7.1.1 Moving transmission parts which generate hazards shall be protected by means of fixed guards
5.7.1.2 If, according to the instruction handbook, frequent access is foreseen e.g for adjustment or maintenance, guards shall be used which remain attached to the machine (e.g by means of hinges), and which can only be opened by using a tool and which automatically lock without the use of a tool
5.7.1.3 If this type of guard is not used, movable guards as specified in 4.2.2.3 of EN 292-2:1991 shall be provided, which:
Cause the dangerous movement to stop before reaching the danger zone; or
Do not open until the dangerous movement ceases.
Soil working tool
The operator driving the machine shall be protected by the design of the machine from unintentional contact with the soil working tool
The protective device shall be designed with a minimum thickness of 2 mm of steel or equivalent material, and fulfil the requirements in 5.7.2.1 and 5.7.2.2
NOTE Subsequent revision of this standard will provide adequate test methods
5.7.2.1 Pedestrian controlled tractors and motor hoes with drive wheel
The tools must feature a complete cover that spans the entire working width without any gaps This cover should extend forward at an angle of no less than 60° from the vertical plane intersecting the rotating axis of the working tool (refer to 'Figure 4').
The upper covering must extend rearwards and downwards to meet the minimum values for m and n specified in Table 1 A hinged covering is permissible as long as it maintains contact with the ground without external intervention during operation Additionally, the rear edge of the covering should be designed to avoid sharp edges, such as by rounding off.
'Table 1 — Clearance from the handlebar grips to the working tool and minimum dimensions of the guard devices
Dimensions in millimetres l m n Position of point D l ≥ 700 150 20 3 (G)
600 ≤ l < 700 a 230 2/3 r 1 a For machines having an engine power up to 4 kW or for machines having a mass less than 120 kg only the requirements of the third line apply
A is the intersection of the ground line with the vertical from the centre of the wheel;
B is the point on the line AC located at 1/3 r from C;
C is the axis of rotation of the working tool;
D is the rear end of the working tool's protective device;
E is the intersection of the extension of the straight line FB with a line parallel to and 20 mm below the line AC;
F is the intersection between the protective device and the line passing through B at an angle of 60° from the vertical passing through C;
G is the point on the straight line through E parallel to AC located 150 mm from the periphery of the working tool from the point H;
The point H represents the furthest location where the extension of line AC meets the edge of the working tool The height h of the handlebar grips is set at 800 mm above the ground or to the closest available height The distance l, measured parallel to the ground, is defined as the space between the rearmost edge of the working tool and the vertical plane that extends downward from the handlebar grips when h is 800 mm or at the nearest height setting Additionally, the distance m is the measurement parallel to line AC, which spans from the rear end of guard D to the tangent point on the working tool's periphery at point H.
The minimum horizontal clearance distance between the working tool's periphery on the operator's side and the rear end of the handlebar grips, as illustrated in 'Figure 4', must align with the values specified in Table 1.
The side elements of the covering must align with the area FBEG and adhere to the dimensions specified in Figure 4 and Table 1, with the possibility of extending to the working tool.
The rotating parts of the working tool shall be protected by a fixed, solid protective device covering them rearward to an angle of, at least, 60° to the vertical (see 'Figure 5()
The minimum dimensions of the protective guard shall be as given in table 2
Table 2 — Minimum dimensions of the guard
Width of the tool Minimum length of the protective device
Figure ''''5(((( — Guarding of the rotating parts of the working tool
The minimum distance between the rearmost edge of the working tool and the vertical plane extending downward from the handlebar grips must be at least 900 mm, as illustrated in 'Figure 5' This measurement should be taken with the handlebars positioned as depicted.
Handlebars
General
The handlebars must maintain rigidity in relation to each other and should be able to endure a downward force of 500 N without any deformation, as illustrated in Figure 2.
Motor hoes
The handlebars' lateral adjustment is restricted to a maximum of 35° on either side of the central axis This angle is determined at the point where the central axis of the handlebars intersects with the longitudinal axis of the working tools (refer to 'Figure 6').
Figure '''6(' ((( — Lateral adjustment of the handlebars
A deterrent crossbeam must be installed between the handlebars, positioned at least 550 mm from the tool's periphery to ensure operator safety (refer to 'Figure 7(a)') However, this crossbeam is not required if the distance between the handlebars is less than 310 mm at the 550 mm mark from the tool (see 'Figure 7(b)').
Dimensions in millimetres a) with crossbeam b) without crossbeam
Exhaust system
Protection against exhaust gas
The exhaust gas outlet shall be arranged in such a manner that the fumes are not directed towards the operator
The requirement can be fulfilled by directing the outlet of gases sideways between the angles of 60° and 120° to the longitudinal axis of the machine.
Protection against hot surfaces
To ensure safety during the normal starting, mounting, and operation of the machine, a guard must be installed to prevent accidental contact with any exposed engine exhaust components larger than 10 cm² that have a surface temperature exceeding 80°C at an ambient temperature of 20°C ± 3°C.
The temperature of the guard, when provided, shall not exceed 80°C measured in the above described conditions
NOTE The temperature of 80°C is to be reviewed at the next revision of this standard taking into account any relevant values given in EN 563
The temperature measuring equipment shall have an accuracy of + 4°C
The engine shall be operated at its maximum operating speed until the surface temperatures stabilize
The test shall be conducted in the shade
When conducting a test at an ambient temperature outside the nominal range of 20°C ± 3°C, the reported temperatures must be adjusted This adjustment involves adding the difference between 20°C and the actual ambient temperature observed during the test.
Identify the hot surface area(s) on the engine exhaust system
When the distance from the identified hot area to the nearest control exceeds 100 mm, cone A (refer to Figure 8) should be utilized Conversely, if this distance is less than 100 mm, cone B (also shown in Figure 8) is the appropriate choice.
To properly position cone A, which has an axis angled between 0° and 180° relative to the horizontal and points downward, it should be moved towards the hot surface without any upward movement During this process, it is essential to check for contact between the cone's tip or its conical surface and the hot surface area.
Cone B shall be moved in any direction
According to section 5.9.2.3, when utilizing the test equipment specified in 5.9.2.2, it is essential that the tip or conical surface of cone A or B does not come into contact with the hot surface of the exhaust system, as outlined in section 5.9.2.1.
Steering mechanisms
General
The machine design shall allow for easy manual changing of direction
Easy means of direction change may be considered achieved if:
The steering force measured in accordance with 5.10.2 does not exceed 180 N; or
The mass of the machine, including the working tools, does not exceed 120 kg; or
The transmission is fitted with a differential gear or with a device permitting the independent disengagement of the driving wheels from the handlebars.
Measurement of the steering force
The measurement must be conducted at point B with the working tool attached and the machine stationary on a flat, dry concrete surface The handlebars should be locked in their normal working position, with grips positioned at 800 mm above the ground, or at the next lower height if adjustments are limited A rigid metallic rod should be placed between the handlebar grips, with its midpoint marking the measuring point B The machine must be equipped with the manufacturer's recommended wheels and tyres, inflated to the maximum pressure and adjusted to the maximum track width A vertical cable, at least 4 m long, should be fixed at measuring point B while the machine is tilted forward until the working tool is just above the ground Finally, the steering force must be applied at measuring point B, perpendicular to the longitudinal central plane, until the machine moves at least 5°.
Figure ''''9(((( — Measurement of the steering force in pedestrian controlled tractors and motorhoes with drive wheel
Brakes for pedestrian controlled tractors
Pedestrian controlled tractors must be equipped with service and parking brake systems that effectively halt motion in both forward and reverse directions These systems should be capable of stopping the tractor when a force exceeding 250 N is applied at the center of the wheel axle and parallel to the slope.
Service and parking brake systems shall be tested in accordance with 5.11.2 and 5.11.3
If steering-assist brakes are also used for service brakes, it shall be possible to connect them in a way that they apply both brakes with equal force
If the pedestrian controlled tractor is equipped with steering brakes, these shall be capable of being combined or activated simultaneously
The pedestrian controlled tractor must have a braking system that can stop its movement in both forward and reverse directions within a distance of 0.19 meters for every 1 km/h of speed, as tested according to section 5.11.2.2.
Test stops shall be conducted on a substantially level (not to exceed 1 % gradient) dry, smooth, hard surface roadway of concrete (or equivalent test surface)
When testing a pedestrian controlled tractor with separate clutch and brake control means, the clutch shall be simultaneously disengaged with brake engagement
The test will be conducted in both forward and reverse directions at the highest achievable ground speed A total of five test stops will be performed, and the final result will be the average of these five stopping distances.
A parking brake shall be provided on pedestrian controlled tractors requiring a service brake
The parking brake, whether hand-operated or not, may be in combination with the service brake
An automatic parking brake, when provided, shall be activated when the transmission hold-to-run control is released
The parking brake shall hold the pedestrian controlled tractor stationary facing both uphill and downhill, on a
30 % (16,7°) slope when tested in accordance with 5.11.3.3 The force required to engage and unlock the brake shall not exceed 220 N
5.11.3.3.1 Test equipment and condition: The test shall be conducted on 30 % (16,7°) slope with a coefficient of friction such that the pedestrian controlled tractor does not slide down the slope
The transmission shall be in neutral, the traction clutch disengaged and the engine off
The test procedure for the pedestrian controlled tractor involves positioning it on a designated slope with the parking brake engaged and locked The tractor must be evaluated in both orientations: with the front facing downhill and with the rear facing downhill.
5.11.3.3.3 Test acceptance: The pedestrian controlled tractor shall not move.(
Electrical installation
Electrical cables shall be protected if located in potentially abrasive contact with metal surfaces and shall be resistant to, or protected against, contact with lubricant and fuel
Wiring assemblies should be organized and secured to avoid contact with the carburettor, metallic fuel lines, exhaust systems, moving parts, or sharp edges To prevent damage from cutting or abrasion, any metal edges that may come into contact with the cables must be rounded or adequately protected.
Noise
General
See 1.7.4 (f) in Annex A of EN 292-2:1991 The sound pressure and the sound power levels shall be measured in accordance with 4.1.2 of prEN 1553:1996.
Operating conditions
The noise level measurements shall be carried out under the following operating conditions:
In the presence of an operator in the normal working position (holding the handlebars);
On hard ground (concrete or asphalt);
Engine at 85% of the nominal engine speed.
Vibration
Reduction by information
After taking possible technical measures for vibration reduction it is still recommended that the instruction handbook precise, when appropriate:
the use of low-vibration operating modes, and/or limited time of operation;
the wearing of personal protection equipment (PPE).
Vibration measurement
The level of vibration on handlebar grips shall be measured in accordance with Annex C."
Figure ''''10(((( — Accelerometer positions 5.15 ''''Tool stopping
The tools of pedestrian controlled tractors and motor hoes shall stop from their maximum rotational speed within 2 s after the operator releases the hold-to-run control
The stopping time of the tool shall be measured according to clause 5.15.2
For those machines that rely on the presence of a device (e.g brake) to achieve the stopping time of the tools, the test cycles according to clause 5.15.3 shall be carried out
5.15.2 Measurement of tool stopping time
Before testing, the machine must be assembled and calibrated according to the manufacturer's instructions It should be "run in" for the duration specified by the manufacturer or for a minimum of 15 minutes.
The machine shall be mounted and instrumented in such a manner that the results of the test are not affected
A detection device must be installed to identify when the hold-to-run control is released, as well as to monitor the movement of the tool Additionally, the machine should be designed to ensure that the working tools do not make contact with the ground.
The time recording measurement system shall have a total accuracy of 25 ms and any tachometers used shall have an accuracy of ± 2,5 % The ambient test temperature shall be (20 ± 5) °C
The means of operating the machine during the test shall be such that the hold-to-run control is released abruptly
Stopping time is measured from the moment of release of the hold-to-run control until the last time a tool passes the sensing device
The test shall consist of five cycles with each cycle consisting of the following sequence:
accelerate the tools from rest to the maximum tool speed;
maintain this speed for a short time to ensure that it is stable;
release the hold-to-run control and allow the tool to come to rest
Tool stopping time is the mean of the stopping time measured for each of the five cycles
The machine shall be subjected to a sequence of 5 000 stop/start cycles of the test given in 5.15.2 The
The 5000 test cycles do not need to be performed consecutively During the testing process, the machine must be maintained and adjusted according to the manufacturer's guidelines However, no maintenance or adjustments are permitted after completing 4500 cycles.
Figure 11 gives a schematic representation of two cycles Each cycle shall consist of the following sequence:
accelerate the tools from rest to the maximum operating engine speed (m), (time = ts);
maintain this speed for a short time to ensure that it is stable (time = tr);
release the hold-to-run control and allow the tool to come to rest, (time = tb);
allow a short time at rest before commencing the next cycle (time = to)
Figure 11 — Example of test cycles
If the total time for one cycle is t c then t c = t s + t r + t b + t o The cycle times for “on” (t s + t r ) and “off” (t b + t o ) shall be decided by the manufacturer but shall not exceed 100 s “on” and 20 s “off”
NOTE This test is not representative of normal use and therefore the cycle times should be specified by the manufacturer to avoid unnecessary wear or damage to the machine
The tool stopping time shall be measured for the following:
each of the first five cycles of the 5 000 cycles test sequence (i.e not including the 10 preparatory operations); and
each of the last five cycles prior to any brake maintenance or adjustment carried out during the test of the
5 000 cycles test sequence (i.e not including the 10 preparatory operations); and
each of the last five cycles of the 5000 cycles
No other stopping times shall be recorded
Each measured stopping time (t b ) must adhere to the specifications outlined in section 5.15.1 If the test sample does not complete the required number of cycles but still meets the test criteria, the machinery can be repaired, provided the brake mechanism remains unaffected, allowing the test to continue Alternatively, if the machine is irreparable, one additional sample may be tested, which must fully comply with the established requirements.
With the power soil working tool mounted, the maximum travel speed of the pedestrian controlled tractors shall not exceed 8 km/h in forward direction and 3,6 km/h in reverse direction
5.16.2 Motor hoes with drive wheel(s)
The maximum travel speed of the motor hoes with drive wheel(s) shall not exceed 8 km/h in forward direction and 3,6 km/h in reverse direction.(
Instruction handbook
The instruction handbook will provide comprehensive guidance on the maintenance and safe use of the machine, adhering to EN 292-2:1991 Key points include: always follow the manufacturer's instructions; stop the engine during maintenance, cleaning, tool changes, and non-powered transport; be aware of hazards when working on slopes and difficult soil; adjust the protective device to the tool's working depth; report sound pressure and power levels as per prEN 1553:1996; measure vibration levels on handlebar grips according to EN 1033:1995; follow recommendations for normal and auxiliary starting; ensure only trained personnel operate the machine; wear safety shoes during operation; and utilize designated holding points for safe handling.
An example of complete safety instructions follows:
The following good practices should be stated as appropriate:
When operating machinery, it is crucial to read the instructions carefully and understand the controls and proper equipment usage Ensure that only trained individuals, particularly those of the appropriate age as per local regulations, are allowed to operate the machine Always wear sturdy footwear and long trousers, avoiding operation while barefoot or in open sandals Prior to use, inspect the area thoroughly and remove any objects that could be projected by the machine Additionally, be aware that petrol is highly flammable and should be handled with caution.
Store fuel in containers specifically designed for this purpose;
Refuel outdoors only and do not smoke while refuelling;
Add fuel before starting the engine Never remove the cap of the fuel tank or add petrol while the engine is running or when the engine is hot;
In the event of a petrol spill, it is crucial to refrain from starting the engine Instead, carefully relocate the machine away from the spill area and ensure that no ignition sources are present until the petrol vapours have completely dissipated.
Ensure that all fuel tank and container caps are securely replaced, and faulty silencers are fixed Always conduct a visual inspection of tools before use to check for wear or damage Replace any worn or damaged components and bolts in sets to maintain balance.
When operating machinery, ensure you do not do so in confined spaces to avoid dangerous carbon monoxide buildup, and always work in daylight or adequate artificial light Maintain a secure footing on slopes, walking rather than running with the machine, and work across slopes with wheeled rotary machines, avoiding steep inclines Exercise caution when changing direction or reversing, and never adjust the engine governor settings or exceed engine speed limits Start the engine carefully, keeping feet away from tools, and avoid placing hands or feet near rotating parts Lastly, never carry a running machine and always stop the engine when not in use.
Whenever you leave the machine;
Before refuelling; n) Reduce the throttle setting during engine shut down and, if the engine is provided with a shut-off valve, turn the fuel off at the conclusion of working;
To ensure safe operation and longevity of your equipment, regularly check that all nuts, bolts, and screws are tight Avoid storing equipment with petrol in the tank indoors, as fumes can ignite from open flames or sparks Always allow the engine to cool before placing it in any enclosure To minimize fire risks, keep the engine, silencer, battery compartment, and petrol storage area clear of vegetation and excess grease Replace any worn or damaged parts promptly for safety, and if draining the fuel tank, do so outdoors.
Marking
All machines must be clearly and permanently labeled with essential information, including the manufacturer's name and address, the year of construction, the series or type designation, the serial number (if applicable), the nominal rated power in kW, and the mass of the machine in its standard version.
The rotating elements protective device shall have a warning sign as shown in 'Figure 12(, or equivalent pictorial warning signs
Figure ''''12(((( — Warning sign for rotating working tool
Table A.1 gives the list of hazards based on EN 292-1:1991 and EN 292-2:1991 and Annex A of EN 292- 2:1991/A1:1995
Table A.2 gives a list of hazards due to the mobility of the machine
The meaning of the different statements given in the last column (solutions given by this standard) of these tables are:
"not relevant": the hazard is not significant for the machine;
The hazard is significant, and the measures outlined in the specified clauses offer guidance for addressing this hazard in line with the safety integration principles of EN 292.
elimination or reduction of the risk by design, as far as possible;
information on the residual risks
The hazard poses a significant risk to various components of the machine The measures outlined in the specified clauses address this risk for certain parts, while additional measures, not covered by this standard, must be implemented for other components where the hazard remains significant.
"not dealt with": the hazard is significant for the machine but has not been taken into account during the preparation of this European Standard
(informative) Solutions given by this standard
1 Mechanical hazard (caused for example by:
- mass and stability (potential energy of elements),
- mass and velocity (kinetic energy of elements),
- inadequacy of the mechanical strength,
- accumulation of potential energy by:
liquids or gases under pressure, or
vacuum of the machine parts or workpieces)
1.1 crushing hazard 4.2.1, 4.2.2 3.2 dealt with in 5.1, 5.6,
1.2 shearing hazard 4.2.1, 4.2.2 3.2, 4.1.1 dealt with in 5.1, 6.1,
1.3 cutting or severing hazard 4.2.1, 4.2.2 3.2 dealt with in 5.6, 5.7,
1.4 entanglement hazard 4.2.1, 4.2.2 - dealt with in 5.7, 6.1,
1.5 drawing-in or trapping hazard 4.2.1 3.11, 4.1.1,
1.7 stabbing or puncture hazard 4.2.1 - not relevant
1.8 friction or/abrasion hazard 4.2.1 3.3 b) not relevant
1.9 high pressure fluid ejection hazard 4.2.1 - not relevant
1.10 ejection of parts (of machinery and processed material/workpieces)
1.11 loss of stability (of machinery and machine parts) 4.2.2 3.3, 6.2.5 not dealt with
1.12 slip, trip and fall hazards in relationship with machinery (because of their mechanical nature)
Table A.1 — List of hazards (continued)
Solutions given by this standard
2 Electrical hazards, caused for example by : 4.3 3.9 -
2.1 electrical contact (direct or indirect) 4.3 - partly dealt with in 5.12
2.3 thermal radiation or other phenomena such as ejection of molten particles, and chemical effects from short- circuits, overloads, etc
2.4 external influences on electrical equipment 4.3 3.4 partly dealt with in 5.12
3.1 burns and scalds, by a possible contact of persons, by flames or explosions and also by the radiation of heat sources
3.2 health-damaging effects by hot or cold work environment 4.4 - not relevant
4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting in : 4.5 3.6.3 -
4.1 hearing losses (deafness), other physiological disorders
(e.g loss of balance, loss of awareness) 4.5 - partly dealt with in 6.1
4.2 interferences with speech communication, acoustic signals, etc
5 Hazards generated by vibration (resulting in a variety of neurological and vascular disorders)
6 Hazards generated by radiation, especially by : 4.7 - -
6.4 machines making use of high frequency electromagnetic fields
Table A.1 — List of hazards (continued)
(informative) Solutions given by this standard
7 Hazards generated by materials and substances processed, used or exhausted by machinery for example:
7.1 hazards resulting from contact with or inhalation of harmful fluids, gases, mists, fumes and dusts 4.8 - dealt with in 5.9
7.2 fire or explosion hazard 4.8 - dealt with in 5.1, 6.1
7.3 biological and micro-biological (viral or bacterial) hazards 4.8 - not relevant
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machine design (mismatch of machinery with human characteristics and abilities) caused for example by:
8.1 unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 4.9 3.6.1, 3.6.4 dealt with in 5.10, 6.1
8.2 inadequate consideration of human hand-arm and foot- leg anatomy 4.9 3.6.9 partly dealt with in 5.3
8.3 neglected use of personal protection equipment 5.5 - dealt with in 6.1
8.4 inadequate area lighting - 3.6.5 not relevant
8.5 mental overload or underload, stress, etc 4.9 3.6.4 not relevant
8.6 human error 4.9 3.6 dealt with in 6.1, 6.2
10 Hazards caused by failure of energy supply, breaking down of machinery parts and other functional disorders, for example:
10.1 failure of energy supply (of energy and/or control circuits) 3.16 3.7 not relevant
10.2 unexpected ejection of machine parts or fluids - 3.8, 4 not relevant
10.3 failure, malfunction of control system (unexpected start up, unexpected overrun)
Table A.1 — List of hazards (concluded)
(informative) Solutions given by this standard
10.4 errors of fitting - - dealt with in 6.1
10.5 overturn, unexpected loss of machine stability 4.2.2 6.2.5 dealt with in 5.5, 6.1
11 Hazards caused by (temporary) missing and/or incorrectly positioned safety related measures/means, for example:
11.1 all kinds of guard 3.22 4.2 dealt with in 6.1
11.2 all kinds of safety related (protection) devices 3.23 4.2 dealt with in 6.1
11.3 starting and stopping devices - 3.7 dealt with in 6.1
5.3, 5.4 dealt with in 6.1 11.5 all kinds of information or warning devices - 5.4 dealt with in 6.1 11.6 energy supply disconnecting devices - 6.2.2 not relevant
11.8 feeding/removal means of workpieces - 3.11 not relevant
11.9 essential equipment and accessories for safe adjusting and/or maintaining
11.10 equipment evacuating gases, etc - - not relevant
Table A.2 — List of hazards due to mobility
Hazards Solutions given by this standard
12 Inadequate lighting of moving/working area not relevant
13 Hazards due to sudden movement, instability, etc dealt with in 5.5, 5.7, 6.1
14 Inadequate/unergonomic design of driving/operating position -
14.1 hazards due to dangerous environments (contact with moving parts, exhaust gases etc.) dealt with in 5.7, 5.9
14.2 inadequate visibility from driver's/operator's position not relevant
14.3 inadequate seat/seating (sip) not relevant
14.4 inadequate/unergonomic design/positioning of controls dealt with in 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5
14.5 starting/moving of machinery dealt with in 5.2, 6.1
14.6 traffic of machinery not relevant
14.7 movement of pedestrian controlled machinery partly dealt with in 5.5, 5.6, 5.10, 6.1
15.1 hazards to exposed persons due to uncontrolled movement not relevant
15.2 hazards due to break-up and/or ejection of parts not relevant
15.3 hazards due to roll over (deflection limiting dune: DLV) not relevant
15.4 hazards due to falling objects (DLV) not relevant
15.5 inadequate means of access not relevant
15.6 hazards caused by towing, coupling, connecting, transmission, etc not relevant
15.7 hazards due to batteries, fire, emissions of dust and gas, etc not relevant
Figure B.1 — Pedestrian controlled tractor with mounted rotary cultivator
Figure B.3 — Motor hoe with drive wheel
! Measurement of vibration at the handlebars
This annex specifies the laboratory method for measuring the vibration at the handlebars of pedestrian controlled tractors with mounted rotary cultivators, motor hoes and motor hoes with drive wheels
The vibration level of handlebars must be measured following the EN 1033:1995 standard In cases where a typical machine lacks a dominant axis, it is essential to conduct tests on all three axes at the grip.
NOTE Operators working around the machine under test should be informed about the existence and location of danger zone (see Figure 1 of EN 709:1997)
weighted acceleration of the hand-machine interface surfaces of the machinery under test, expressed as the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) acceleration, a hw , in meters per second squared (see 3.1 and 3.2 of
The maximum operating engine or motor speed refers to the highest speed achievable when adjusted according to the manufacturer's specifications, with the rotary cutting tools disengaged.
Tachometers shall have an accuracy of ± 2,5 % For specification of other instrumentation see Clause 4 of
The transducer must be fastened according to section 4.2 of EN 1033:1995 When a resilient coating, such as a cushioned handle, is utilized between the hand and the vibration structure, a suitable mounting, like a thin, appropriately shaped metal sheet, may be placed between them.
The proposed method of using a resilient coating between the hand and the vibration structure is not effective in all situations, especially with thin cushions that primarily influence the transfer of higher frequencies In these instances, it is advisable to conduct measurements using a special transducer support that is rigidly attached to the grip or handle, while also documenting the type, thickness, and physical properties of the cushioning material.
Calibration shall be carried out in accordance with 4.7 of EN 1033:1995
The three-dimensional coordinate system originates from the surface of the handlebar grip, as outlined in ISO 5805:1981 The measurement directions for both the right and left grips are illustrated in Figure C.1 The z-axis is positioned within the plane created by the longitudinal axis of the grip and an imaginary line connecting the centers of the grips.
Pre - test
Pre-test shall be carried out to identify the grip with the highest a hw (vibration total value, see equation in C.9) Subsequent tests shall be carried out on this grip.
Test conditions
Machine set-up
Measurements shall be carried out on a new, normal production machine
Before operation, the machine must be warmed up for 15 minutes Ensure that the carburettor settings, ignition timing, and tyre pressure meet the manufacturer's specifications, and that the fuel tank is full Additionally, adjust the handlebar height to accommodate the operator's preference.
The machine under test shall be equipped with rotary cultivating tools, maintained and serviced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Operating conditions
The vibration level measurement shall be carried out under the following operating conditions:
the machine shall stand on hard ground (concrete, asphalt), with a maximum slope of 0,5°;
NOTE The hand-arm vibration surface will be reviewed at the next revision taking into account ongoing research
the ground speed selector shall be in neutral position For machines equipped with centrifugal clutch, the clutch itself shall be mechanically disengaged before the test;
accelerometers shall be placed on the handlebar grip in accordance with Figure C.2;
the engine shall at maximum operating engine/motor speed;
During the test, the operator must hold the grips while ensuring that their upper arm and forearm form an angle greater than 90° and less than 135°, without making contact with the accelerometers.
The operator must handle a pedestrian-controlled tractor or motor hoe by its grips, ensuring that the tool does not touch the ground In the case of a motor hoe without support wheels, the operator should also maintain the tool in a way that prevents the transport wheel and skid from making contact with the ground.
For all types of machines the drive to the tools shall be disengaged during the test.
Operator
The measurements shall be carried out by means of one operator
Vibration measurements are affected by the operator's familiarity with the machine's normal operation Future revisions will include additional tests to determine if the involvement of one operator or three is necessary.
Measurement procedure
Under the specified conditions in C.8, the vibration levels at the grips of the machine must be measured for a minimum integration time of 8 seconds Measurements should be conducted simultaneously across the three axes: x, y, and z, as illustrated in Figures C.1 and C.2.
Between two subsequent test runs the operator shall remove his hands from the handlebar grips
Five measurements shall be made for each axis of grip under test
The arithmetical mean for each axis will be calculated, and from these values, the total vibration value (\$a_{hw}\$) will be determined using the equation: \$a_{hw} = \sqrt{a_{hwx}^2 + a_{hwy}^2 + a_{hwz}^2}\$ Here, \$a_{hw}\$ represents the total vibration value, which is the square root of the sum of the squares of the frequency-weighted root mean square (r.m.s.) acceleration values derived from the arithmetical means of vibrations measured in orthogonal coordinates.
Test report
The test report shall be based on Clause 7 of EN 1033:1995 and shall contain the following information:
the mass and height of the operator;
the measurement location and the kind of fastening of transducer used;
a description of resilient cover of the grip, if any;
the manufacturer, type and relevant specifications of the instruments used;
the method of determining the weighted accelerations;
the description of the test runs carried out;
the engine speed during the tests
Figure C.1 — Measurement location and direction
Figure C.2 — Example of mounting and location of accelerometers""""
' Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by Directive 98/79/EC
This European Standard was developed under a mandate from the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to ensure compliance with the Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 98/37/EC, as amended by Directive 98/79/EC.
Once cited in the Official Journal of the European Union and implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with this standard's normative clauses provides a presumption of conformity with Essential Requirements, excluding Essential Requirements 1.1.5 (second indent of the first paragraph), 1.3.1, and 1.5.6.
1.5.7, 1.5.8, 1.5.11, 3.1.3, 3.3.4 fourth paragraph and 3.4.1 second paragraph of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard.(
' Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC
This European Standard was developed under a mandate from the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to ensure compliance with the Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC concerning machinery.
Once this standard is published in the Official Journal of the European Union and adopted as a national standard by at least one Member State, adhering to its normative clauses provides a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements, excluding specific clauses such as 1.1.5 (second paragraph), 1.3.1, 1.3.9, 1.4.2.1 (second paragraph), 1.5.8, 1.5.11, the first and second indent of the first paragraph of 1.7.3, 1.7.4.2 (o), (q), (t), and (u) (second sentence of the fourth paragraph), 3.4.1, and 3.3.4 (fourth paragraph) of the Directive and related EFTA regulations.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard.(
[1] ISO/DIS 11102-1:1995, Reciprocating internal combustion engines – Handle starting equipment – Part 1: Safety requirements and tests
[2] ISO/DIS 11102-2:1995, Reciprocating internal combustion engines – Handle starting equipment – Part 2: Method of testing the angle and disengagement